Article(id=1320037620663571199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037524588839497, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753718400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-29, revisedDate=1766678400000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651093879, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1772208000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651093879, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651093879, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651093879, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037524588839497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772208000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651070972, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656210354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059080773850045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037524588839497, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059080773850046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037524588839497, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=58, endPage=65, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037622026720000, articleId=1320037620663571199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=The influence of spiral groove dynamic pressure hole on the sealing performance of CO2 slant disc plunger pump distribution pair, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the sealing performance of the CO2 slant disc axial plunger pump distribution pair,a spiral groove dynamic pressure hole was opened on the surface of the rotating cylinder of the plunger pump.The sliding mesh transient numerical simulation technology was used to compare and analyze the sealing performance of the planar distribution pair liquid film and the spiral groove distribution pair liquid film.The results show that compared with the unopened planar liquid film,the leakage volume of the spiral groove‑type distribution pair liquid film is significantly reduced,with the leakage volume reduction of 34.17%.The flow velocity of the liquid film area near the waist groove in the high‑pressure zone is higher,which is the main area of leakage.While in the liquid film area near the waist groove in the low‑pressure zone,the fluid only flows in the liquid film,and almost no fluid flows out,and the leakage can be negligible.The volume of leakage to the plunger pump housing side is the largest,accounting for approximately 61.5%,followed by the amount of leakage to the pump shaft,accounting for approximately 35.99%.The volume of leakage to the waist groove side of the low‑pressure area is the smallest,accounting for approximately 2.51%.Driven by the rotation of the spiral groove,the periodic extrusion fluid produces a dynamic pressure effect,the opening force of the liquid film becomes larger,and the dynamic pressure effect of the spiral groove‑type dispensing pair liquid film is stronger.The research results can provide a reference for the optimization of the sealing performance of the distribution pair.

, authors=Sanping ZHOU, Xiyin WANG, authorsList=Sanping ZHOU, Xiyin WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037624279061271, articleId=1320037620663571199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=螺旋槽式动压孔对CO2斜盘式柱塞泵配流副密封性能的影响, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高CO2斜盘式轴向柱塞泵配流副的密封性能,在柱塞泵的旋转缸体表面开设螺旋槽式动压孔,采用滑移网格瞬态数值模拟技术,对比分析平面型配流副液膜与螺旋槽型配流副液膜的密封性能。结果表明,相较于未开孔的平面型液膜,螺旋槽型配流副液膜的泄漏量显著降低,泄漏量下降了34.17%,高压区腰型槽附近的液膜区域流速较高,是主要泄漏区域;而低压区腰型槽附近的液膜区域,流体只在液膜内流动,几乎没有流体流出,泄漏可忽略不计;泄漏至柱塞泵壳体的量最大,约占61.5%,其次是泄漏至泵轴的量,约占35.99%,泄漏至低压区腰形槽侧的量最小,约占2.51%。在螺旋槽的旋转带动下,周期性的挤压流体产生动压效应,液膜的开启力变大,螺旋槽型配流副液膜的动压效应更强。研究成果可为配流副的密封性能优化提供参考。

, authors=周三平, 王喜印, authorsList=周三平, 王喜印, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

周三平(1966),男,教授,主要从事化工机械与设备的教学与科研工作,通信地址:710065陕西省西安市雁塔区西安石油大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wKE83+2JwL5DQ0ziNKq0UA==, magXml=iO0QP6ubQyJ2bP+VjynYgw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YHHl3Vyvh1n9Knj5pbhjxg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=UqU0YgT/2ouQbjBXzAlDvw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037624581051164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037620663571199, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=spzhou@xsyu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037624643965726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037620663571199, authorId=1320037624581051164, language=EN, stringName=Sanping ZHOU, firstName=Sanping, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037624727851807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037620663571199, authorId=1320037624581051164, language=CN, stringName=周三平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西安石油大学 机械工程学院,西安 710065, bio={"content":"

周三平(1966),男,教授,主要从事化工机械与设备的教学与科研工作,通信地址:710065陕西省西安市雁塔区西安石油大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

周三平(1966),男,教授,主要从事化工机械与设备的教学与科研工作,通信地址:710065陕西省西安市雁塔区西安石油大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

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(a)柱塞泵流体域  (b)模型Ⅰ  (c)模型Ⅱ

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(a)模型Ⅰ  (b)模型Ⅱ

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Initial values of geometric dimensions

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液膜
尺寸
初始
数值
外侧
螺旋槽
数值内侧
螺旋槽
数值
r1/mm29α/(°)65α/(°)55
r2/mm48λ0.33λ0.51
r3/mm62β10.77β10.75
r4/mm84β20.23β20.37
hl/μm10hg/μm15hg/μm15
), ArticleFig(id=1320037633133237063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037620663571199, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

几何尺寸初始值

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液膜
尺寸
初始
数值
外侧
螺旋槽
数值内侧
螺旋槽
数值
r1/mm29α/(°)65α/(°)55
r2/mm48λ0.33λ0.51
r3/mm62β10.77β10.75
r4/mm84β20.23β20.37
hl/μm10hg/μm15hg/μm15
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螺旋槽式动压孔对CO2斜盘式柱塞泵配流副密封性能的影响
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周三平 , 王喜印
流体机械 | 设计计算 2026,54(2): 58-65
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流体机械 |设计计算 2026 , 54 (2) : 58 -65
螺旋槽式动压孔对CO2斜盘式柱塞泵配流副密封性能的影响
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[Author(id=1320037624581051164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037620663571199, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=spzhou@xsyu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037624643965726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037620663571199, authorId=1320037624581051164, language=EN, stringName=Sanping ZHOU, firstName=Sanping, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037624727851807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037620663571199, authorId=1320037624581051164, language=CN, stringName=周三平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西安石油大学 机械工程学院,西安 710065, bio={"content":"

周三平(1966),男,教授,主要从事化工机械与设备的教学与科研工作,通信地址:710065陕西省西安市雁塔区西安石油大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

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周三平(1966),男,教授,主要从事化工机械与设备的教学与科研工作,通信地址:710065陕西省西安市雁塔区西安石油大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

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周三平 , 王喜印
作者信息
  • 西安石油大学 机械工程学院,西安 710065
作者简介:

周三平(1966),男,教授,主要从事化工机械与设备的教学与科研工作,通信地址:710065陕西省西安市雁塔区西安石油大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

The influence of spiral groove dynamic pressure hole on the sealing performance of CO2 slant disc plunger pump distribution pair
Sanping ZHOU , Xiyin WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,China
出版时间: 2026-02-28 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.007
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为提高CO2斜盘式轴向柱塞泵配流副的密封性能,在柱塞泵的旋转缸体表面开设螺旋槽式动压孔,采用滑移网格瞬态数值模拟技术,对比分析平面型配流副液膜与螺旋槽型配流副液膜的密封性能。结果表明,相较于未开孔的平面型液膜,螺旋槽型配流副液膜的泄漏量显著降低,泄漏量下降了34.17%,高压区腰型槽附近的液膜区域流速较高,是主要泄漏区域;而低压区腰型槽附近的液膜区域,流体只在液膜内流动,几乎没有流体流出,泄漏可忽略不计;泄漏至柱塞泵壳体的量最大,约占61.5%,其次是泄漏至泵轴的量,约占35.99%,泄漏至低压区腰形槽侧的量最小,约占2.51%。在螺旋槽的旋转带动下,周期性的挤压流体产生动压效应,液膜的开启力变大,螺旋槽型配流副液膜的动压效应更强。研究成果可为配流副的密封性能优化提供参考。

CO2柱塞泵  /  配流副  /  密封性能  /  螺旋槽  /  滑移网格

In order to improve the sealing performance of the CO2 slant disc axial plunger pump distribution pair,a spiral groove dynamic pressure hole was opened on the surface of the rotating cylinder of the plunger pump.The sliding mesh transient numerical simulation technology was used to compare and analyze the sealing performance of the planar distribution pair liquid film and the spiral groove distribution pair liquid film.The results show that compared with the unopened planar liquid film,the leakage volume of the spiral groove‑type distribution pair liquid film is significantly reduced,with the leakage volume reduction of 34.17%.The flow velocity of the liquid film area near the waist groove in the high‑pressure zone is higher,which is the main area of leakage.While in the liquid film area near the waist groove in the low‑pressure zone,the fluid only flows in the liquid film,and almost no fluid flows out,and the leakage can be negligible.The volume of leakage to the plunger pump housing side is the largest,accounting for approximately 61.5%,followed by the amount of leakage to the pump shaft,accounting for approximately 35.99%.The volume of leakage to the waist groove side of the low‑pressure area is the smallest,accounting for approximately 2.51%.Driven by the rotation of the spiral groove,the periodic extrusion fluid produces a dynamic pressure effect,the opening force of the liquid film becomes larger,and the dynamic pressure effect of the spiral groove‑type dispensing pair liquid film is stronger.The research results can provide a reference for the optimization of the sealing performance of the distribution pair.

CO2 plunger pump  /  distribution pair  /  sealing performance  /  spiral groove  /  sliding mesh
周三平, 王喜印. 螺旋槽式动压孔对CO2斜盘式柱塞泵配流副密封性能的影响. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (2) : 58 -65 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.007
Sanping ZHOU, Xiyin WANG. The influence of spiral groove dynamic pressure hole on the sealing performance of CO2 slant disc plunger pump distribution pair[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (2) : 58 -65 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.007
CO2排放是导致全球气候变化的主要因素之一,为了保护环境,营造低碳社会,碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)技术是目前达到“碳中和”的重要手段之一。柱塞泵因具有额定压力高,流量易调节等优势,在油田驱油等CCUS技术中应用广泛[1-7]。但就目前实际情况来看,柱塞泵在实际工作中效率不高,其中配流副最容易发生磨损现象[8-9],从而导致较大的泄漏量。因此,对配流副密封性能的优化至关重要。
国内外研究人员针对配流副密封性能做了大量研究。叶绍干等[10]建立了多弧槽球面配流副模型,使用遗传算法对配流副几何参数进行优化,使配流副的泄漏量、摩擦力矩下降。史俊强等[11]建立了配流副泄漏量公式和液膜厚度表达式,并通过试验进行验证,发现误差不超过8%。陈远玲等[12]建立了配流副的流-热-固耦合模型,认为影响配流副液膜厚度的因素包括材料物性、压力分布、加工精度等。王宇帆等[13]为了研究配流副对摩擦性能的影响,建立了热-流-固耦合下配流副润滑模型,分别研究了转速、流体黏度等对承载力和摩擦力的影响。WANG等[14]根据仿生理论设计出6种复合表面纹理结构,通过数值模拟计算发现,采用新型结构可以有效提高柱塞泵摩擦性能。IVANTYSYNOVA等[15]建立了配流副耦合模型,提出在配流副表面建立波纹型表面,可以使配流副的功率损失降低50%,尤其在低压工作区间,优化效果更为明显。CHACON等[16-17]提出了新的流体模型,研究压力分布对配流副的影响,得到了液膜的压力、温度分布和固体变形规律。FAIRUZ等[18]采用耦合数值模拟方法计算超临界CO2干气密封,结果表明,减小对流传热面积可以有效减小热变形。WOO等[19]对泵密封装置的转子与定子的接触面上开设螺旋槽,并分析了螺旋槽的几何形状对密封性能的影响,发现该方法可以有效防止泄漏,目前已被广泛应用于涡轮机械中。以上研究普遍采用几何参数优化、复合表面、波纹型表面、螺旋槽等表面纹理手段提升密封性能,这些方法被证明能显著降低泄漏量和摩擦力矩。通过建立流-热-固耦合模型来分析配流副性能,涉及液膜厚度、压力分布、温度分布和固体变形等关键参数。
现有研究主要围绕常规液压油展开,针对密相态CO2环境下的研究尚不充分,特别对CO2斜盘式轴向柱塞泵配流副密封性能的研究。基于此,本文使用计算流体力学数值模拟方法,对CO2斜盘式轴向柱塞泵配流副液膜密封性能进行数值模拟,对比分析平面型液膜与螺旋槽型液膜密封性能,研究液膜泄漏量、开启力的变化规律,为配流副的密封性能优化设计提供参考。
配流副是柱塞泵中配流盘与旋转缸体组成的一对摩擦副,其结构如图1所示。
实际工作中,缸体在传动轴的带动下做旋转运动,活塞在缸体内部运动时,活塞头部通过滑靴连接斜盘,实现轴向位置的改变。当柱塞腔体积增大时,液体通过配流盘的低压区腰型槽流入;当柱塞腔体积减小时,液体通过配流盘的高压区腰型槽流出,从而实现液体的输送。由于缸体的高速旋转,其表面与配流盘接触面之间会形成一层液膜,这部分液膜可以避免缸体和配流盘干磨损坏部件,但也会导致泄漏的发生,造成容积损失,导致容积效率下降。为了使配流副摩擦面持续供液,保证润滑,在旋转缸体表面开设螺旋槽式动压孔,螺旋槽式动压密封系统[20-24]具有自我调节能力,可以在动静域中形成一个稳定带压刚性的CO2液膜。螺旋槽动压孔中会产生流体动压力,动压孔相当于微滑动轴承,保证配流副间形成稳定液膜。
对未开孔的平面型配流副液膜称为Ⅰ型液膜(模型Ⅰ),在旋转缸体表面上开设的螺旋槽型配流副液膜称为Ⅱ型液膜(模型Ⅱ),配流副液膜的模型如图2所示。假设液膜本体厚度一致,内外侧螺旋槽共12个。
螺旋角α为螺旋线任意一点的切点与从原点经过该点的射线所组成的夹角。槽台宽比λ为同一个圆周上槽的宽度与槽台的宽度比值,表示周向的槽宽占比,计算公式为:
λ=ωa /ωa+ωb
式中,ωa,ωb分别为一个周期内螺旋槽和槽台的周向夹角,(°)。
β1和β2分别为螺旋槽槽顶和槽底在径向的占比,更改β1,β2将改变螺旋槽在径向方向的长度,其计算公式为:
β1=(rb-r3)/(r4-r3)β2=(rg-r3)/(r4-r3)
式中,rb,rg为螺旋槽起始半径,mm;r2,r3为腰型槽半径,mm。
平面型液膜与螺旋槽型液膜几何尺寸初始值如表1所示。
螺旋槽几何模型的建立需要遵循对数螺旋线方程,在柱坐标下的方程如式(3)所示。
r=rgeφcotδ
式中,φ为角度坐标;δ为螺旋角的余角,(°)。
液膜厚度是微米级别,建立几何模型时沿厚度方向扩大1 000倍,计算时等比例缩小。使用多区域结构化网格划分方法,填充方式选择棱柱,厚度方向划分5层网格,网格模型如图2所示。以液膜泄漏量为目标函数,对不同网格数量的模型进行数值模拟,结果如图3所示。
由图可知,当网格数量大于60 000时,液膜泄漏量基本趋于稳定,选用该网格数用于后续数值模拟。
液膜中CO2流动遵循质量守恒、动量守恒、能量守恒方程。针对柱塞泵-配流副实际情况,采用分域求解策略,首先完成柱塞泵流体域的瞬态数值模拟,继而将柱塞泵出口压力波动作为配流副液膜的压力入口边界条件。柱塞泵流体域进出口设置为压力边界条件,分别为3,12 MPa,进出口管道设置为静止域。柱塞腔的旋转运动采用滑移网格,转速为1 000 r/min,轴向运动通过UDF施加运动速度,流体轴向速度如式(4)所示。
v=ωRtanβsinωt+n2πZ
式中,v为轴向运动速度,m/s;ω为角速度,rad/s;β为斜盘倾角,(°);Z为柱塞个数。
柱塞泵的出口压力随活塞的运动而上下波动,其随时间的变化曲线如图4所示。
将图4所示的曲线转化成Profile文件,作为液膜的压力入口边界。低压区腰型槽和内外侧液膜边界为压力出口边界条件,数值为3 MPa。为了获得液膜的复杂流动特性,采用瞬态数值模拟方法。螺旋槽内部的流体域划分为动区域,采用滑移网格(mesh motion),转速为1 000 r/min,液膜本体为静区域。螺旋槽接触的液膜表面为动壁面(moving wall),转速为1 000 r/min,另一面为静止壁面。CO2密度、黏度等物性参数受温度、压力的影响较大,文中采用real-gas-nist模型。平面型液膜的流动形态取决于雷诺数,采用式(5)进行估算。
Re=ρΩRh/μ
式中,Re为雷诺数;Ω为转速,r/min;R为密封端面等效半径,m;h为液膜厚度,μm;μ为动力黏度,Pa⋅s。
经计算,Re约为400,因此采用层流模型。而螺旋槽型液膜受流体黏度和表面粗糙度的影响,流体会在孔内聚集形成漩涡,影响液膜的流动,因此选择RNG k-ε模型[25-26],该模型可以快速精准应对流体变化情况,并且对于雷诺数较低区域也有较好的表现。
为了验证该方法的可靠性,按文献[27]中的试验设置几何模型与工况条件,得到泄漏量随液膜厚度的变化曲线,模拟值与试验值的对比结果如图5所示。由图可知,随着液膜厚度的增加,泄漏量基本一致,精度较高,该方法可靠。
(1)泄漏量指在特定时间内流出密封间隙的流量,是配流副重要的密封性能参数之一,其计算如式(6)所示。
Q=πΔ3p6μr
式中,Δ为液膜厚度,μm;p为压差,Pa。
(2)开启力是指在螺旋槽动压密封开始运转时,需要形成稳定液膜的力,开启力的数值大小可以反应动压效应的强弱,其计算如式(7)所示。
FK=∬pdxdy
在压差推动力和动壁面黏性力作用下,液膜各区域流场不同,选择液膜中间面的流场进行分析,图6示出模型Ⅰ和模型Ⅱ液膜中间面的速度矢量。A区域由于与进出口相距较近,推动力大、阻力小,流体速度较高,是泄漏主要发生的区域。C区域的出口与进口距离远,阻力较大、速度小,泄漏量较小,可忽略不计。流体泄漏速度的大小和方向,是压差推动作用和动壁面黏性力共同作用下的结果,因此各区域速度的大小和方向各不相同。在压差推动力作用下,A区域压差速度为径向,动壁面为周向运动,与径向垂直,最终泄漏的绝对速度方向会与径向形成夹角,夹角的大小取决于二者速度的大小。模型Ⅰ的动壁面为平面型,平面黏性力较小,旋转速度较小,泄漏的绝对速度方向近似为径向。模型Ⅱ在动壁面侧多出螺旋槽突出面,其旋转面积大于模型Ⅰ,壁面黏性力大,旋转速度高于模型Ⅰ,因此其泄漏的绝对速度方向与径向的夹角大于模型Ⅰ。液体在螺旋槽中流动,其流动行程增长,阻力增大。因此在A区域,模型Ⅱ的泄漏量小于模型Ⅰ。在B区域,压差速度方向与旋转速度方向一致,流体的速度方向与旋转速度方向一致,在二者共同作用下,出口1有液体流出。由于该区域与进口的距离大于A区域,所以流体流速和出口相对面积小于A区域,泄漏量较少。C区域距离进口较远,且几何形状为圆形,导致流体在内部旋转,此处几乎不发生泄漏。在D区域,压差方向与旋转方向相反,二者速度抵消,出口2在D区域的泄漏量比B区小。
流体的速度大小是影响泄漏量的重要指标,在液膜中间面泄漏较大的3个区域,建立4条路径L1-L2,L3-L4,L5-L6,L7-L8。2个液膜模型在4条路径上的速度对比分析,如图7所示。
在4条路径上,模型Ⅰ的速度大于模型Ⅱ,在L1-L2和L3-L4路径,模型Ⅱ速度曲线经过螺旋槽区域时出现明显拐点。沿路径L1-L2,从进口端至出口端,流体泄漏的横截面积逐渐扩大,使得流体流速呈现递减趋势。在路径L3-L4,由于流道的横截面积呈现收缩趋势,流速逐渐增大。在路径L5-L6和L7-L8,速度方向的横截面积相同,但是行程相对路径L1-L2,L3-L4较长,阻力增大,因此流体速度逐渐降低。路径L5-L6上的横向速度略高于路径L7-L8,因为路径L5-L6上压差速度与旋转速度方向相同,二者相互叠加,路径L7-L8上压差速度与旋转速度方向相反,两者相互抵消。
泄漏量是影响柱塞泵容积效率的最重要因素。图8示出平面型液膜的总泄漏量与出口边界1,2,3(见图2)分泄漏量之间关系。
由图可知,虽然出口2的流速略小于出口3,但出口2的横截面积最大,所以泄漏量也最大,约占总泄漏量的61.5%;其次是出口3的泄漏量,约占总泄漏量的35.99%;出口1的泄漏量很小,约占总泄漏量的2.51%。图9示出模型Ⅰ,Ⅱ总泄漏量的对比曲线。由图可知,平面型液膜的泄漏量最大,为4.39 L/min,螺旋槽型液膜的泄漏量最小,为2.89 L/min,泄漏量降低了34.17%。
作为表征流体动压效应的核心参数,液膜开启力越大,动压效应越强,液膜承载能力强。选取4条典型路径的中间点P1,P2,P3,P4为研究对象,其压力随时间的波动,如图10所示。由图可知,模型Ⅰ中监测点的压力曲线为直线,不随时间波动;而模型Ⅱ中,在旋转壁面的带动下,黏性流体被带入宽敞的动压槽内时,在槽内聚集形成高压区;当流体自动压槽流至狭窄的液膜本体区域,形成低压区,如此上下不断波动,其压力平均值高于模型Ⅰ。P2的压力值大于P1,由于P2与进口的距离小于P1,所以压力值较大。P3,P4距离进口较远,而且两点相对进口位置关于X轴对称,所以其压力值几乎相同,且小于P1,P2。
图11示出模型Ⅰ,Ⅱ开启力的对比曲线。由图可知,运行0.03 s后,开启力基本稳定,由于进口压力上下波动,开启力上下波动。螺旋槽型液膜开启力大于平面型液膜,说明采用螺旋槽式动压密封可有效提高开启力,液膜的动压效应更强。
(1)在柱塞泵配流副的缸体表面开设螺旋槽型,可显著改善配流副的密封性能,减小泄漏量,相较于平面型液膜,螺旋槽型液膜的泄漏量下降了34.17%。
(2)螺旋槽型液膜的开启力大于平面型液膜,随着螺旋槽的旋转,黏性流体被带入宽敞的动压槽内并聚集形成高压区。当流体自动压槽流至狭窄的液膜本体区域,形成低压区,如此上下不断波动,增强动压效应,使液膜承载能力提升。
(3)在高压区腰型槽附近的液膜区域,存在明显的速度梯度和压力集中现象,是泄漏最大区域;低压区腰型槽的配流副液膜区域,液体只有旋转速度,几乎没有流体流出,该区域的泄漏量可忽略不计。泄漏至柱塞泵壳体侧的量最大,约占61.5%;其次是泄漏至泵轴侧的量,约占35.99%;泄漏至低压区腰形槽侧的量最小,约占2.51%。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.02.007
  • 接收时间:2025-07-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-29
  • 修回日期:2025-12-26
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    西安石油大学 机械工程学院,西安 710065
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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