Article(id=1320037520356783043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037457517728337, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747497600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-18, revisedDate=1763827200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651069964, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1769702400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651069964, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651069964, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651069964, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037457517728337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769702400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651054982, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656198886, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059032665183153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037457517728337, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059032669377458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037457517728337, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=74, endPage=83, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037520516166596, articleId=1320037520356783043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Influence of the preceding spiral pipe section on erosion wear of elbows, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the severe erosion issue in common elbows for gas‑solid two‑phase flow,a pre‑helical pipe elbow was designed.The anti‑erosion structure of the helical pipe section was optimized using Fluent software in terms of twist angle,installation distance,and intermediate helical pipe section length,resulting in a pre‑helical pipe elbow with optimal anti‑erosion performance.The anti‑erosion effectiveness of this optimized structure was verified under varying medium flow velocities,mass flow rates,and time factors.The results show that the pre‑helical pipe elbow exhibits anti‑erosion effects only when the twist angle is between 90° and 600°,with an average improvement of 34.13% compared to the common elbow when the twist angle ranges from 210° to 420°.At twist angles of 390°,300°,and 330°,the maximum erosion rates of the pre‑helical pipe elbow are lower than those of the common elbow across the studied installation distances and intermediate helical pipe section lengths.Particularly when the installation distance is 0 mm and the intermediate helical pipe section length is 200~400 mm,the anti‑erosion effect is more significant.The optimized structural parameters are as follows:helical pipe section twist angle of 390°,installation distance of 0 mm,and intermediate helical pipe section length of 300 mm.Under these conditions,the pre‑helical pipe elbow achieves the best anti‑erosion performance,improving by 47.32% compared to the common elbow.Furthermore,although the maximum erosion rates of both this elbow and the common elbow increase with medium flow velocity,mass flow rate,and time,the maximum erosion rate of this elbow consistently remains lower than that of the common elbow,indicating that it maintains its anti‑erosion effectiveness at all times.The research results can provide a reference for the anti‑erosion structural design of elbows.

, authors=Guangming XIE1, Chongchong YAN1, 2, Tiancheng HUANG1, Jian HUA1, Hui LI2, Xinmei YUAN1, authorsList=Guangming XIE, Chongchong YAN, Tiancheng HUANG, Jian HUA, Hui LI, Xinmei YUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xinmei YUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037525079569379, articleId=1320037520356783043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=前置螺旋管段对弯头冲蚀磨损的影响, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对解决气固两相流普通弯头冲蚀严重的问题,设计了一种前置螺旋管段弯头。利用Fluent软件对螺旋管段的扭转角度、安装距离以及中间螺旋管段长度进行了抗冲蚀结构优化,得到了最优抗冲蚀性能的前置螺旋管段弯头,并验证了该最优结构在不同介质流速、质量流量及时间因素下是否仍具备抗冲蚀效果。结果显示,前置螺旋管段弯头仅在扭转角度为90°~600°时具有抗冲蚀效果,其中扭转角度为210°~420°时,其抗冲蚀效果较普通弯头平均提高34.13%;当扭转角度为390°,300°和330°时,前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率在所研究的安装距离和中间螺旋管段长度范围内均低于普通弯头;尤其在安装距离为0 mm、中间螺旋管段长度为200~400 mm时,抗冲蚀效果较为显著。经优化得到的最优结构参数为:螺旋管段扭转角度390°、安装距离0 mm、中间螺旋管段长度300 mm,此时前置螺旋管段弯头的抗冲蚀效果最佳,较普通弯头提高47.32%。此外,尽管该弯头与普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率均随介质流速、质量流量和时间的增加而增大,但该弯头的最大冲蚀速率始终低于普通弯头,表明其始终保持抗冲蚀效果。研究结果可为弯头的抗冲蚀结构设计提供参考。

, authors=谢光明1, 闫冲冲1, 2, 黄天成1, 华剑1, 李慧2, 袁新梅1, authorsList=谢光明, 闫冲冲, 黄天成, 华剑, 李慧, 袁新梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=袁新梅, authorNote=

谢光明(2000),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为机械结构强度与振动,E-mail:。

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袁新梅(1979),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为机械结构强度与振动、油气钻完井工具与装备,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ESCoB8QvykUAweah+OR2bA==, magXml=xryemuVE0lxRkPT4V9XWnQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=i2DB6kk9JoQT0vuLb4zHSw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=v8CxGhJ8wLppWVNxREB4rA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037525519971308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037520356783043, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xieguangming8023@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037525717103598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037520356783043, authorId=1320037525519971308, language=EN, stringName=Guangming XIE, firstName=Guangming, middleName=null, lastName=XIE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Mechanical Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037525788406767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037520356783043, authorId=1320037525519971308, language=CN, stringName=谢光明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1长江大学 机械工程学院,湖北 荆州 434023, bio={"content":"

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Structural parameters of pre‑helical pipe elbow

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结构名称数值
进口直管L1/mm400
螺旋管段安装距离L2/mm100
出口直管L3/mm400
中间螺旋管段L4/mm200
进口变径管L5/mm50
出口变径管L6/mm50
曲率半径R/mm100
管道内径D/mm50
螺旋管段扭转角度/(°)180
), ArticleFig(id=1320037533287821361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037520356783043, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

前置螺旋管段弯头结构参数

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结构名称数值
进口直管L1/mm400
螺旋管段安装距离L2/mm100
出口直管L3/mm400
中间螺旋管段L4/mm200
进口变径管L5/mm50
出口变径管L6/mm50
曲率半径R/mm100
管道内径D/mm50
螺旋管段扭转角度/(°)180
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前置螺旋管段对弯头冲蚀磨损的影响
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谢光明 1 , 闫冲冲 1, 2 , 黄天成 1 , 华剑 1 , 李慧 2 , 袁新梅 1
流体机械 | 设计计算 2026,54(1): 74-83
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流体机械 |设计计算 2026 , 54 (1) : 74 -83
前置螺旋管段对弯头冲蚀磨损的影响
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谢光明1 , 闫冲冲1, 2, 黄天成1, 华剑1, 李慧2, 袁新梅1
作者信息
  • 1长江大学 机械工程学院,湖北 荆州 434023
  • 2慎江阀门有限公司,浙江乐清 325605
通讯作者:
袁新梅(1979),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为机械结构强度与振动、油气钻完井工具与装备,E-mail:。
作者简介:

谢光明(2000),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为机械结构强度与振动,E-mail:。

Influence of the preceding spiral pipe section on erosion wear of elbows
Guangming XIE1 , Chongchong YAN1, 2, Tiancheng HUANG1, Jian HUA1, Hui LI2, Xinmei YUAN1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China
  • 2Shenjiang Valve Co.,Ltd.,Yueqing 325605,China
出版时间: 2026-01-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.010
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针对解决气固两相流普通弯头冲蚀严重的问题,设计了一种前置螺旋管段弯头。利用Fluent软件对螺旋管段的扭转角度、安装距离以及中间螺旋管段长度进行了抗冲蚀结构优化,得到了最优抗冲蚀性能的前置螺旋管段弯头,并验证了该最优结构在不同介质流速、质量流量及时间因素下是否仍具备抗冲蚀效果。结果显示,前置螺旋管段弯头仅在扭转角度为90°~600°时具有抗冲蚀效果,其中扭转角度为210°~420°时,其抗冲蚀效果较普通弯头平均提高34.13%;当扭转角度为390°,300°和330°时,前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率在所研究的安装距离和中间螺旋管段长度范围内均低于普通弯头;尤其在安装距离为0 mm、中间螺旋管段长度为200~400 mm时,抗冲蚀效果较为显著。经优化得到的最优结构参数为:螺旋管段扭转角度390°、安装距离0 mm、中间螺旋管段长度300 mm,此时前置螺旋管段弯头的抗冲蚀效果最佳,较普通弯头提高47.32%。此外,尽管该弯头与普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率均随介质流速、质量流量和时间的增加而增大,但该弯头的最大冲蚀速率始终低于普通弯头,表明其始终保持抗冲蚀效果。研究结果可为弯头的抗冲蚀结构设计提供参考。

气固两相流  /  冲蚀  /  数值模拟  /  结构优化

To address the severe erosion issue in common elbows for gas‑solid two‑phase flow,a pre‑helical pipe elbow was designed.The anti‑erosion structure of the helical pipe section was optimized using Fluent software in terms of twist angle,installation distance,and intermediate helical pipe section length,resulting in a pre‑helical pipe elbow with optimal anti‑erosion performance.The anti‑erosion effectiveness of this optimized structure was verified under varying medium flow velocities,mass flow rates,and time factors.The results show that the pre‑helical pipe elbow exhibits anti‑erosion effects only when the twist angle is between 90° and 600°,with an average improvement of 34.13% compared to the common elbow when the twist angle ranges from 210° to 420°.At twist angles of 390°,300°,and 330°,the maximum erosion rates of the pre‑helical pipe elbow are lower than those of the common elbow across the studied installation distances and intermediate helical pipe section lengths.Particularly when the installation distance is 0 mm and the intermediate helical pipe section length is 200~400 mm,the anti‑erosion effect is more significant.The optimized structural parameters are as follows:helical pipe section twist angle of 390°,installation distance of 0 mm,and intermediate helical pipe section length of 300 mm.Under these conditions,the pre‑helical pipe elbow achieves the best anti‑erosion performance,improving by 47.32% compared to the common elbow.Furthermore,although the maximum erosion rates of both this elbow and the common elbow increase with medium flow velocity,mass flow rate,and time,the maximum erosion rate of this elbow consistently remains lower than that of the common elbow,indicating that it maintains its anti‑erosion effectiveness at all times.The research results can provide a reference for the anti‑erosion structural design of elbows.

gas‑solid two‑phase flow  /  erosion  /  numerical simulation  /  structural optimization
谢光明, 闫冲冲, 黄天成, 华剑, 李慧, 袁新梅. 前置螺旋管段对弯头冲蚀磨损的影响. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (1) : 74 -83 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.010
Guangming XIE, Chongchong YAN, Tiancheng HUANG, Jian HUA, Hui LI, Xinmei YUAN. Influence of the preceding spiral pipe section on erosion wear of elbows[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (1) : 74 -83 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.010
随着天然气开采深度的增加,产出的固体颗粒也随之增多。虽然目前已采用一些方法对其加以滤除,但仍无法完全清除固体颗粒[1-2]。这导致高速流动的天然气夹带固体颗粒与弯头管壁发生撞击,造成严重的冲蚀磨损[3-4]。为此,中外学者通过对普通弯头进行结构改进和设计,并开展冲蚀研究,以延长其使用寿命。
DUARTE等[5]在弯管中设置涡流室结构,显著降低了弯管的冲蚀。付鹏等[6]在弯管外侧加装辅助气流的新结构,发现该结构能有效降低弯管的冲蚀速率,且受颗粒质量流量和颗粒直径的影响较小。YAO等[7]对弯头加设横截面为四边形肋条的结构进行研究,结果表明矩形肋条的抗冲蚀性能优于方形肋条。杨锟等[8]基于沙漠蝎子体表结构设计了三种仿生结构,发现仿生结构能够减缓壁面的冲蚀速率,其中凹槽结合凸包结构对减缓冲蚀速率更为有效。郭姿含等[9]对提出的三点放样管进行计算,发现不同直径的放样管均具有一定的抗冲蚀效果。FAN等[10]在弯管内外侧壁上均匀布置一定数量的肋条进行分析,该方法可在一定程度上提高弯管的耐磨性能。莫丽等[11]对提出的椭圆截面异型弯头进行计算,得到椭圆度在1.0~1.2和1.4~1.6范围内时,最大冲蚀率下降较慢;椭圆度在1.2~1.4范围内时,最大冲蚀率下降较快。黄钰棋等[12]提出的非对称球形弯头与常规弯头、涡室弯头及球形弯头相比,可有效降低弯头的冲蚀磨损。王华昆等[13]研究了高压异径管的应力-冲蚀耦合损伤演化特性,研究表明,管内应力的增加会引起管壁冲蚀加剧,且随着应力不断接近管道屈服应力,应力加速效应会更加显著,而流速、颗粒粒径、颗粒浓度是影响应力-冲蚀的主要因素。翁志福等[14]提出一种胃型弯头并进行数值模拟,结果表明当第二圆形截面位于35°时,胃型弯头的抗冲蚀效果较普通弯头提高9.88%。LI等[15]对带有半球形凸起的肘部弯管进行研究,发现多排凸起中较小的排列角度和较大的凸起半径能进一步减轻弯头的冲蚀,最大冲蚀率降低39.09%。黄坤等[16]提出的三段式弯管与一段式弯管相比,流场更为平稳,抗冲蚀性能也更好。ZHU等[17]在弯头外侧不同位置安装梯形肋条并进行数值模拟计算,结果表明梯形肋条位于首位时具有一定的防冲蚀作用,且最优放置位置为25°。
为减小普通弯头的冲蚀磨损,本文提出一种前置螺旋管段弯头。首先,研究该弯头螺旋管段的扭转角度、安装距离和中间螺旋管段长度对最大冲蚀速率及抗冲蚀效果的影响,并优化出最优抗冲蚀弯头结构;其次,研究最优抗冲蚀弯头与普通弯头在不同介质流速、质量流量及时间条件下最大冲蚀速率的变化规律及其抗冲蚀效果。研究结果可为弯头的抗冲蚀结构设计提供新的探索方向。
针对普通弯头冲蚀严重的问题,设计了一种前置螺旋管段弯头,其结构示意如图1所示。该弯头将普通弯头对应位置的圆形直管替换为螺旋管段(虚线区域)。螺旋管段由中间螺旋管段L4、进口变径管L5和出口变径管L6组成。为保证中间螺旋管段L4出口流量与圆形直管出口流量相同,固定中间螺旋管段L4的弧形截面面积(见A-A位置,该截面由4个半圆组成)与圆形直管截面面积相等,经计算得出弧形截面4个半圆的直径均为27.636 4 mm。
结合工程实用性考虑,为便于螺旋管段与圆形直管的连接(在未扭转状态下),在SolidWorks软件中建模时,首先在中间螺旋管段的进出口端延长L5,L6距离以形成圆形截面,然后通过放样将弧形截面与圆形截面生成类似异径管的结构,最后将螺旋管段扭转一定角度即可。为使流体充满整个管道,延长了进口直管L1和出口直管L3,所得前置螺旋管段弯头的结构参数如表1所示。该前置螺旋管段弯头中的螺旋管段可采用冷旋压成型方式,使用无缝钢管作为管坯。将管坯套于螺旋芯模上,通过旋压机的滚轮对管坯外壁施加渐进式压力,使其内壁紧贴芯模并发生塑性变形,从而形成与芯模一致的螺旋流道;随后进行坡口加工,并通过对接焊将螺旋管段与直管段连接。
连续相为天然气,视为不可压缩气体,密度为0.72 kg/m3,黏度为1.1×10-5 Pa·s;离散相为固体颗粒石英砂,为刚性球形颗粒,密度为1 800 kg/m3,直径为150 μm,质量流量为0.01 kg/s;进口边界为速度进口,天然气和颗粒进口速度均为18 m/s,颗粒垂直进口截面均匀入射;出口边界为压力出口,出口压力为标准大气压,所有壁面条件设为无滑移壁面。求解方法选用压力基瞬态分离求解器,采用SIMPLEC压力-速度耦合算法进行计算。需说明,基于上述边界条件的模拟结果可能较实际情况略有偏低。
冲蚀速率方程是描述材料在流体或固体颗粒冲击下发生冲蚀的数学表达式,文中采用的冲蚀速率方程如下[18]:
Rerosion=∑p=1NmpC(dp)f(α)upb(up)Aface
式中:Rerosion为冲蚀磨损速率,kg/(m2·s);N为发生碰撞的颗粒数量;mp为颗粒质量流量,kg/s;dp为颗粒直径,m;α为碰撞角,(°);up为颗粒速度,m/s;Aface为壁面单元表面积,m2。
固体颗粒随流体流动时与壁面碰撞,其反射速度低于入射速度。这种碰撞特性采用GRANT等[19]提出的壁面反弹方程进行描述。
εN=0.993-0.030 7α+4.75×10-4α2-2.61×10-6α3
εT=0.998-0.029α+6.43×10-4α2-3.56×10-6α3
式中:εN为法向反弹系数;εT为切向反弹系数;α为颗粒与管道壁面的碰撞角,(°)。
为减少网格数量、提高网格质量并解决螺旋管段难以划分六面体网格的问题,基于上述结构参数的前置螺旋管段弯头,将螺旋管段流道区域划分为四面体网格,其余流道区域划分为六面体网格;为准确反映流体在管壁处的真实流动状态,在所有流道外壁面添加边界层。前置螺旋管段弯头流道的网格划分结果如图2(a)所示。为与普通弯头进行对比分析(以减小误差),对普通弯头中与螺旋管段对应位置及长度的直管段同样划分为四面体网格,其余部分划分为六面体网格,并添加与前置螺旋管段弯头流道相同层数的边界层,得到普通弯头流道网格划分情况如图2(b)所示。
采用上述网格划分方法,对前置螺旋管段弯头流道分别划分不同数量的网格,并进行数值模拟计算,结果如图3所示。由图3可知,当网格数量从7万增加至70万时,最大冲蚀速率逐渐增大;网格数量从70万增加至108万阶段,最大冲蚀速率趋于稳定。综合考虑计算结果的准确性与计算效率,最终确定数值模拟采用的网格数量为70万。
为验证文中所采用数值模拟方法的有效性,依据文献[20]中的几何模型与边界条件进行数值模拟,所得结果如图4所示。从图4可以看出,文中模拟值的变化曲线与文献中试验值的变化趋势基本一致,最大误差出现在流量为452 kg/d时,误差值为5.98%,处于10%的误差范围内,从而验证了文中所用数值模拟方法是有效的。
由于后续研究中螺旋管段安装距离与中间螺旋管段长度对最大冲蚀速率的影响均基于不同螺旋管段扭转角度的结构进行分析(螺旋管段扭转角度对弯头抗冲蚀效果具有决定性作用),因此首先以螺旋管段扭转角度为主要指标展开研究。通过建立不同螺旋管段扭转角度的前置螺旋管段弯头流道,并进行数值模拟计算,得到前置螺旋管段弯头最大冲蚀速率与螺旋管段扭转角度的关系,如图5所示;不同扭转角度下的冲蚀分布云图与流线图分别如图6、图7所示。图5中水平虚线表示普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率,低于该虚线说明前置螺旋管段弯头具有抗冲蚀效果,反之则无(文中“前置螺旋管段弯头抗冲蚀效果提高X%”等同于其最大冲蚀速率较普通弯头降低X%)。
由图5可知,前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率随扭转角度增加整体呈先减小后增大的变化趋势。根据前述对有无抗冲蚀效果的判定,可将扭转角度划分为3个区间:0°~90°,90°~600°和600°~720°。其中,90°~600°区间具有抗冲蚀效果,而0°~90°与600°~720°区间则无抗冲蚀效果。当扭转角度从90°增大至210°时,前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率持续减小,表明其抗冲蚀效果逐渐增强。在扭转角度为210°~420°区间内,最大冲蚀速率在1.52×10-5 kg/(m2·s)上下波动,该区间的抗冲蚀效果在整个0°~720°范围内表现最佳,较普通弯头平均提高34.13%。其中,扭转角度为390°,300°和330°时,抗冲蚀效果居于前三位,分别较普通弯头提高37.83%,37.39%和35.65%。当扭转角度从420°继续增大至600°时,最大冲蚀速率呈上升趋势,表明抗冲蚀效果逐渐减弱。
由图6可见,随着扭转角度的变化,前置螺旋管段弯头在弯头处的冲蚀形貌与普通弯头基本一致,均出现二次冲蚀现象。当扭转角度为0°~120°时,螺旋管段未发生冲蚀磨损;当扭转角度位于180°~720°时,螺旋管段出现冲蚀磨损,且随扭转角度的增加,冲蚀分布范围由覆盖整个螺旋管段逐渐缩小至螺旋管段前半段。由图7可知,与普通弯头相比,螺旋管段处的流动轨迹发生明显改变,且随扭转角度增加,轨迹变化趋势更为显著。
弯头最大冲蚀速率与螺旋管段安装距离之间的关系如图8所示。由图8可知,在相同安装距离下,3种扭转角度的前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率均明显低于普通弯头,表明前置螺旋管段弯头具有良好的抗冲蚀效果。随着安装距离的增加,普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率整体呈下降趋势,而3种扭转角度前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率则呈上下波动态势。前置螺旋管段弯头抗冲蚀效果与螺旋管段安装距离之间的关系如图9所示。由图可知,随着安装距离的增大,前置螺旋管段弯头相比普通弯头的抗冲蚀效果提高幅度整体呈逐渐减小的趋势。
如图8所示,当安装距离固定时,3种不同扭转角度的前置螺旋管段弯头最大冲蚀速率均显著低于普通弯头,表明该结构具备良好的抗冲蚀效果。随着安装距离的增加,普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率整体呈现下降趋势,而3种扭转角度前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率则呈波动变化。从图9还可以看出,对于扭转角度分别为390°,300°和330°的前置螺旋管段弯头,当螺旋管段安装距离依次为0 ,250 ,0  mm时,其抗冲蚀效果最优,较普通弯头分别提高42.68%,38.07%和43.10%;当安装距离依次为200,150 ,300  mm时,抗冲蚀效果最差,但仍较普通弯头分别提高31.39%,31.62%和20.85%。分析表明,在安装距离不超过400  mm范围内,3种扭转角度的前置螺旋管段弯头均具有良好的抗冲蚀效果。
根据2.1节结果,选取抗冲蚀效果前三的扭转角度(分别为390°,300°和330°)所对应的前置螺旋管段弯头,与普通弯头一起,分别在不同中间螺旋管段长度下进行数值模拟计算。根据计算结果,得到弯头最大冲蚀速率与中间螺旋管段长度的关系,如图10所示;前置螺旋管段弯头抗冲蚀效果与中间螺旋管段长度之间的关系如图11所示。由图10可知,除中间螺旋管段长度约50  mm附近外,3种扭转角度的前置螺旋管段弯头最大冲蚀速率均低于普通弯头,表明其具有抗冲蚀效果。随着中间螺旋管段长度的增加,普通弯头最大冲蚀速率呈先稳定后下降的趋势;而3种扭转角度的前置螺旋管段弯头最大冲蚀速率则呈先下降后趋于稳定的变化趋势,其中250  mm可视为下降与稳定阶段的临界长度。由图11可见,前置螺旋管段弯头较普通弯头的抗冲蚀效果提升幅度,随中间螺旋管段长度的增加呈先上升后平稳的趋势,200  mm可视为进入平稳阶段的临界长度。当中间螺旋管段长度处于200~400  mm时,扭转角度为390°,300°,330°的前置螺旋管段弯头抗冲蚀效果较好,较普通弯头平均分别提高40.12%,35.58%和37.26%。
具体而言,扭转角度为390°,300°,330°的前置螺旋管段弯头,分别在中间螺旋管段长度为300,400 ,350  mm时抗冲蚀效果最优,较普通弯头提高35%以上;在长度分别为100 ,50 ,50  mm时效果最差,较普通弯头分别提高-6.84%,0%和1.68%。
根据2.1节的分析结果,选取抗冲蚀效果最优的螺旋管段扭转角度为390°;基于2.2节分析,确定该扭转角度下抗冲蚀效果最佳的螺旋管段安装距离为0  mm;再依据2.3节分析,选定同一扭转角度下抗冲蚀效果最优的中间螺旋管段长度为300  mm。对上述最优结构组合的前置螺旋管段弯头与普通弯头进行计算,结果表明:该弯头的抗冲蚀效果较普通弯头提高47.32%,且其抗冲蚀性能优于2.1~2.3节中其他前置螺旋管段弯头结构。图12示出最优组合前置螺旋管段弯头与普通弯头的压力分布及颗粒轨迹云图。
从图12(a)可以看出,与普通弯头相比,前置螺旋管段弯头因螺旋管段的引导作用,流体在弯头处的压力分布更为均匀,压力梯度较小,未出现局部高压区域,从而降低了因压力差过大而加剧的流体对管壁的冲击,有助于减轻弯头的冲蚀磨损。从图12(b)可见,相比于普通弯头,前置螺旋管段弯头中螺旋管段的引导使流体形成连续稳定的旋流。该旋流不仅引起内部流场显著变化(见图8),还产生离心力,使颗粒更均匀地分布在管壁上,避免了普通直管中颗粒集中冲击弯头的现象;同时,旋流也使颗粒运动轨迹更为复杂,减少了颗粒与管壁的碰撞次数,从而进一步降低了弯头的冲蚀磨损。因此,该最优组合的前置螺旋管段弯头结构能够有效减轻弯头冲蚀磨损,具有良好的抗冲蚀效果。
为验证最优组合前置螺旋管段弯头在不同工况下是否仍具备抗冲蚀效果,并对比该弯头与普通弯头最大冲蚀速率的变化规律,本节选取介质流速、质量流量和时间等重要工况参数进行验证分析。
选取螺旋管段扭转角度390°、安装距离0 mm、中间螺旋管段长度300 mm的前置螺旋管段弯头与普通弯头,分别在不同介质流速下进行仿真计算,提取并对比2种弯头的最大冲蚀速率,得到其与介质流速的关系,如图13所示。
从图13可以看出,由于颗粒动能与速度的平方相关,两种弯头的最大冲蚀速率之差随介质流速的增大而逐渐扩大。当介质流速从极小值增至极大值时,前置螺旋管段弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率分别增加了80.35倍和114.86倍,二者均随介质流速呈幂函数增长趋势。该增长主要可归因于以下两方面:第一,介质流速增大使固体颗粒速度增加,动能升高,对管壁的冲击加剧;第二,介质流速增大导致固体颗粒与管壁的碰撞次数增多(碰撞次数增加的原因包括:流速增大使颗粒惯性增强,不易随流体直接流出管道,从而更易与管壁碰撞;流速增大使得颗粒间碰撞后仍具备较高能量,可继续冲击管壁;流速增大能够克服重力影响,减少颗粒沉降,促使更多颗粒与管壁发生碰撞)[21]。
无论介质流速如何变化,前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率始终低于普通弯头,表明其始终保持良好的抗冲蚀效果。在5种流速下,前置螺旋管段弯头相比普通弯头的抗冲蚀效果分别提高了37.32%,47.46%,52.17%,55.83%和56.15%,抗冲蚀效果随介质流速的增大而逐渐增强,并在流速超过36  m/s后趋于稳定,即变化幅度显著减小。
选取螺旋管段扭转角度390°、安装距离0 mm、中间螺旋管段长度300 mm的前置螺旋管段弯头与普通弯头,分别在不同质量流量下进行数值模拟,得到两种弯头最大冲蚀速率与质量流量的关系,如图14所示。
由图14可知,当质量流量从最小值增至最大值时,前置螺旋管段弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率分别增长4.90倍和5.03倍。两种弯头的最大冲蚀速率均随质量流量的增加呈线性增长趋势,二者之间的差值也逐渐增大。这是由于质量流量增加导致单位时间内流经的颗粒数量增多,从而使颗粒与壁面的冲击次数增加,加剧了管壁的冲蚀磨损。
无论质量流量如何变化,前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率始终低于普通弯头,表明其始终具备抗冲蚀性能。在不同质量流量下,前置螺旋管段弯头相比普通弯头的抗冲蚀效果分别提高47.03%,47.46%,48.01%,48.95%和48.40%,整体呈现随质量流量增加先增强后略有减弱的趋势。
选取螺旋管段扭转角度390°、安装距离0  mm、中间螺旋管段长度300  mm的前置螺旋管段弯头与普通弯头,分别在不同时间条件下进行数值计算,绘制两种弯头最大冲蚀速率与时间的关系,如图15所示。
由图15可知,当时间从1 s增加至5 s时,前置螺旋管段弯头和普通弯头的最大冲蚀速率分别增长5.34倍和4.78倍。随着时间延长,两种弯头最大冲蚀速率均呈线性增长趋势,与质量流量对其的影响规律相似,二者之间的差值也逐渐增大,这符合冲蚀损伤累积效应,即管壁材料随时间推移因持续冲蚀而逐渐损失。无论时间长短,前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率始终低于普通弯头,表明其始终保持抗冲蚀作用。在时间分别为1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5  s时,前置螺旋管段弯头相比普通弯头的抗冲蚀效果分别提高49.92%,47.46%,46.00%,45.00%,44.11%,抗冲蚀效果随时间延长逐渐减弱,且减弱幅度趋于减小。
(1)文中提出一种前置螺旋管段弯头,该弯头仅在扭转角度为90°~600°时具有抗冲蚀效果;其中扭转角度位于210°~420°时,其抗冲蚀效果较普通弯头平均提升34.13%;而扭转角度为390°,300°,330°时,该弯头的抗冲蚀效果最佳,较普通弯头分别提高37.83%,37.39%与35.65%。
(2)对于扭转角度为390°,300°和330°的前置螺旋管段弯头,其最大冲蚀速率随螺旋管段安装距离的增加呈上下波动趋势,而随中间螺旋管段长度的增加则呈先减小后趋于稳定的变化趋势。在螺旋管段安装距离与中间螺旋管段长度的变化范围内,3种扭转角度的前置螺旋管段弯头最大冲蚀速率整体均低于普通弯头,表明其均具备抗冲蚀效果。
(3)与普通弯头相比,扭转角度为390°,300°和330°的前置螺旋管段弯头,其抗冲蚀效果随螺旋管段安装距离的增加而减弱,随中间螺旋管段长度的增加则呈先增强后趋于平稳的变化趋势。其中,螺旋管段安装距离越短,抗冲蚀效果越好;中间螺旋管段长度在200 ~400  mm范围内时,抗冲蚀效果较优。经优化分析得到,当螺旋管段扭转角度为390°、安装距离0  mm、中间螺旋管段长度300  mm时,前置螺旋管段弯头的抗冲蚀效果最佳,较普通弯头提高47.32%。
(4)螺旋管段扭转角度390°、安装距离0 mm、中间螺旋管段长度300  mm时的前置螺旋管段弯头与普通弯头,二者的最大冲蚀速率变化趋势一致,均随介质流速、质量流量和时间的增加而严格增大。然而,前置螺旋管段弯头的最大冲蚀速率始终低于普通弯头,表明在参数范围内该弯头始终具备抗冲蚀效果。具体而言,其抗冲蚀效果随介质流速的增加而逐渐增强,随质量流量的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势(临界值为0.02  kg/s),随时间的增加则逐渐减弱。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.010
  • 接收时间:2025-05-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-01-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18
  • 修回日期:2025-11-23
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    1长江大学 机械工程学院,湖北 荆州 434023
    2慎江阀门有限公司,浙江乐清 325605

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袁新梅(1979),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为机械结构强度与振动、油气钻完井工具与装备,E-mail:。
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
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