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Article(id=1320037490090685122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037457517728337, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753718400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-29, revisedDate=1762704000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651062747, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1769702400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651062747, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651062747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651062747, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037457517728337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769702400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651054982, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656198886, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059032665183153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037457517728337, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059032669377458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037457517728337, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=10, endPage=15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037490266845892, articleId=1320037490090685122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Research on the effect of phase change cold storage in cold air ducts on the performance of refrigerated display cabinets, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To suppress temperature fluctuations inside open‑type food refrigerated display cabinets caused by periodic defrosting，an optimized scheme of installing phase change cold storage materials （PCM） in the cold air ducts was proposed.By analyzing the temperature characteristics of the cold air ducts，ND-1 type PCM with a phase transition temperature of -3 ℃ was selected.The dosage of PCM was calculated based on the refrigeration system load，and the PCM was encapsulated into food‑grade cold storage packs and integrated into the cold air ducts.Under conditions of 25 ℃ and 60% relative humidity，the refrigeration performance of the refrigerated display cabinet before and after installing PCM was compared.The results show that compared with before the improvement，the vertical temperature uniformity of food packages on the first，third and fifth layers in the cabinet after the improvement has increased by 27.6%，21.2%，and 37.8% respectively，and the horizontal temperature uniformity has increased by 58.2%，15.9%，and 24.4% respectively.The average temperature of refrigerated food decreases by 1.12 ℃，the air curtain thermal suction coefficient decreases by 15.9%，the total energy consumption of the cabinet decreases by 6.2%，and the average air velocity attenuation rates at the supply and return air outlets decrease by 2.5% （supply air） and 6.5% （return air），respectively.This scheme effectively stabilizes the internal temperature field of the cabinet and improves energy efficiency.This study can provide a reference for the optimal design of food refrigerated display cabinets.

, authors=Fei TANG, Zewen WANG, Shaojie WANG, Zheng GONG, Pei YUAN, Feng HOU, authorsList=Fei TANG, Zewen WANG, Shaojie WANG, Zheng GONG, Pei YUAN, Feng HOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Pei YUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037493479682773, articleId=1320037490090685122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=冷风通道内相变蓄冷对冷藏陈列柜性能影响研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为抑制敞开式食品冷藏陈列柜因周期性融霜导致的柜内温度波动，提出一种在冷风通道内加装相变蓄冷材料（PCM）的优化方案。通过分析冷风通道温度特性，选择相变温度为-3 ℃的ND-1型PCM；基于制冷系统负荷计算PCM用量，并将其封装为食品级蓄冷包，集成于冷风通道内。在25 ℃、60%相对湿度条件下，对比加装PCM前后冷藏陈列柜的冷藏性能。结果表明，相较于改进前，改进后柜内第1，3，5层食品包垂直方向温度均匀性分别提升27.6%，21.2%，37.8%，水平方向温度均匀性分别提升58.2%，15.9%，24.4%；冷藏食品平均温度降低1.12 ℃，风幕热卷吸系数减少15.9%，柜体总能耗下降6.2%，送回风口平均风速衰减率分别降低2.5%（送风）和6.5%（回风），该方案可有效稳定柜内温度场并提升能效。研究可为食品冷藏陈列柜的优化设计提供参考。

, authors=唐飞, 王泽文, 王少杰, 龚政, 袁培, 侯峰, authorsList=唐飞, 王泽文, 王少杰, 龚政, 袁培, 侯峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=袁培, authorNote=

唐飞（1999），男，硕士研究生，主要从事制冷技术、食品冷藏陈列柜运行研究工作，E-mail：。

, correspAuthorsNote=
袁培（1982），男，博士，教授，研究方向为制冷及低温设备节能技术，通信地址：450000河南省郑州市高新区科学大道136号郑州轻工业大学新能源学院，E-mail：。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用，则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊，本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=iTUpZ+goHX4+qzjkmYiENQ==, magXml=5eq3SNdryfvWMdwDEm8oIA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GghjTqtCfpwmexRill7aUQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=0olMl4+Dqmmvaoa0Ky8srA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320037493752312538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=3228374003@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320037493827810012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, authorId=1320037493752312538, language=EN, stringName=Fei TANG, firstName=Fei, middleName=null, lastName=TANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=New Energy College，Zhengzhou University of Light Industry，Zhengzhou 450000，China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320037493882335965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, authorId=1320037493752312538, language=CN, stringName=唐飞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=郑州轻工业大学 新能源学院，郑州 450000, bio={"content":"

唐飞（1999），男，硕士研究生，主要从事制冷技术、食品冷藏陈列柜运行研究工作，E-mail：。

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唐飞（1999），男，硕士研究生，主要从事制冷技术、食品冷藏陈列柜运行研究工作，E-mail：。

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journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Y G，YUAN X L.Experimental study of the performance of single‑band air curtains for a multi‑deck refrigerated display cabinet［J］.Journal of Food Engineering，2005；69（3）：261-267., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320037493655843542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320037493664232151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, companyId=1320037493655843542, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=New Energy College，Zhengzhou University of Light Industry，Zhengzhou 450000，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320037493672620760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, companyId=1320037493655843542, language=CN, country=null, 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（a）侧视图　　（b）正视图

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Physical property parameters of phase change materials

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参数数值
相变温度/℃-3
相变潜热/（kJ⋅kg-1）326
密度/（kg⋅m-3）1 060
比热/（kJ⋅kg-1⋅K-1）4.1
相变膨胀率/%8.2
过冷度/℃<1
), ArticleFig(id=1320037498454127376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

相变材料物性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
相变温度/℃-3
相变潜热/（kJ⋅kg-1）326
密度/（kg⋅m-3）1 060
比热/（kJ⋅kg-1⋅K-1）4.1
相变膨胀率/%8.2
过冷度/℃<1
), ArticleFig(id=1320037498529624849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Test instrument

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精度测量目的型号传感器类型
±0.01 m/s风幕及回风口风速CEMDT-8880热敏风速仪
±0.01%瞬时功率及电耗GREENER-053212电耗功率计
±0.2 ℃食品包及蒸发器进出口温度T型热电偶温度（热电偶）
±4%柜内不同位置温湿度SMART-AS847电子温湿度计
), ArticleFig(id=1320037498605122322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验仪器

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精度测量目的型号传感器类型
±0.01 m/s风幕及回风口风速CEMDT-8880热敏风速仪
±0.01%瞬时功率及电耗GREENER-053212电耗功率计
±0.2 ℃食品包及蒸发器进出口温度T型热电偶温度（热电偶）
±4%柜内不同位置温湿度SMART-AS847电子温湿度计
), ArticleFig(id=1320037498705785619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Supply and return air temperatures

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试验对象送风平均
温度/℃		回风平均
温度/℃		送回风
温差/℃
陈列柜改进前2.179.086.91
陈列柜改进后1.957.825.87
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送回风温度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验对象送风平均
温度/℃		回风平均
温度/℃		送回风
温差/℃
陈列柜改进前2.179.086.91
陈列柜改进后1.957.825.87
), ArticleFig(id=1320037498840003349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Energy test results

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试验对象日耗电量/（kW⋅h-1）年耗电量/（kW⋅h-1）节电率/%
陈列柜改进前31.1911 384.35—
陈列柜改进后29.2610 679.906.2
), ArticleFig(id=1320037498902917910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037490090685122, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

能耗测试结果

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试验对象日耗电量/（kW⋅h-1）年耗电量/（kW⋅h-1）节电率/%
陈列柜改进前31.1911 384.35—
陈列柜改进后29.2610 679.906.2
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冷风通道内相变蓄冷对冷藏陈列柜性能影响研究
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唐飞 , 王泽文 , 王少杰 , 龚政 , 袁培 , 侯峰
流体机械 | 试验研究 2026,54(1): 10-15
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流体机械 |试验研究 2026 , 54 (1) : 10 -15
冷风通道内相变蓄冷对冷藏陈列柜性能影响研究
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唐飞（1999），男，硕士研究生，主要从事制冷技术、食品冷藏陈列柜运行研究工作，E-mail：。

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唐飞（1999），男，硕士研究生，主要从事制冷技术、食品冷藏陈列柜运行研究工作，E-mail：。

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唐飞 , 王泽文, 王少杰, 龚政, 袁培 , 侯峰
作者信息
  • 郑州轻工业大学 新能源学院，郑州 450000
通讯作者:
袁培（1982），男，博士，教授，研究方向为制冷及低温设备节能技术，通信地址：450000河南省郑州市高新区科学大道136号郑州轻工业大学新能源学院，E-mail：。
作者简介:

唐飞（1999），男，硕士研究生，主要从事制冷技术、食品冷藏陈列柜运行研究工作，E-mail：。

Research on the effect of phase change cold storage in cold air ducts on the performance of refrigerated display cabinets
Fei TANG , Zewen WANG, Shaojie WANG, Zheng GONG, Pei YUAN , Feng HOU
Affiliations
  • New Energy College，Zhengzhou University of Light Industry，Zhengzhou 450000，China
出版时间: 2026-01-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.002
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摘要
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为抑制敞开式食品冷藏陈列柜因周期性融霜导致的柜内温度波动，提出一种在冷风通道内加装相变蓄冷材料（PCM）的优化方案。通过分析冷风通道温度特性，选择相变温度为-3 ℃的ND-1型PCM；基于制冷系统负荷计算PCM用量，并将其封装为食品级蓄冷包，集成于冷风通道内。在25 ℃、60%相对湿度条件下，对比加装PCM前后冷藏陈列柜的冷藏性能。结果表明，相较于改进前，改进后柜内第1，3，5层食品包垂直方向温度均匀性分别提升27.6%，21.2%，37.8%，水平方向温度均匀性分别提升58.2%，15.9%，24.4%；冷藏食品平均温度降低1.12 ℃，风幕热卷吸系数减少15.9%，柜体总能耗下降6.2%，送回风口平均风速衰减率分别降低2.5%（送风）和6.5%（回风），该方案可有效稳定柜内温度场并提升能效。研究可为食品冷藏陈列柜的优化设计提供参考。

相变蓄冷材料  /  融霜  /  冷藏陈列柜  /  节能Ⅰ

To suppress temperature fluctuations inside open‑type food refrigerated display cabinets caused by periodic defrosting，an optimized scheme of installing phase change cold storage materials （PCM） in the cold air ducts was proposed.By analyzing the temperature characteristics of the cold air ducts，ND-1 type PCM with a phase transition temperature of -3 ℃ was selected.The dosage of PCM was calculated based on the refrigeration system load，and the PCM was encapsulated into food‑grade cold storage packs and integrated into the cold air ducts.Under conditions of 25 ℃ and 60% relative humidity，the refrigeration performance of the refrigerated display cabinet before and after installing PCM was compared.The results show that compared with before the improvement，the vertical temperature uniformity of food packages on the first，third and fifth layers in the cabinet after the improvement has increased by 27.6%，21.2%，and 37.8% respectively，and the horizontal temperature uniformity has increased by 58.2%，15.9%，and 24.4% respectively.The average temperature of refrigerated food decreases by 1.12 ℃，the air curtain thermal suction coefficient decreases by 15.9%，the total energy consumption of the cabinet decreases by 6.2%，and the average air velocity attenuation rates at the supply and return air outlets decrease by 2.5% （supply air） and 6.5% （return air），respectively.This scheme effectively stabilizes the internal temperature field of the cabinet and improves energy efficiency.This study can provide a reference for the optimal design of food refrigerated display cabinets.

phase change cold storage material  /  defrosting  /  refrigerated display cabinet  /  energy saving
唐飞, 王泽文, 王少杰, 龚政, 袁培, 侯峰. 冷风通道内相变蓄冷对冷藏陈列柜性能影响研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (1) : 10 -15 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.002
Fei TANG, Zewen WANG, Shaojie WANG, Zheng GONG, Pei YUAN, Feng HOU. Research on the effect of phase change cold storage in cold air ducts on the performance of refrigerated display cabinets[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (1) : 10 -15 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.002
正文
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0　引言
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冷冻冷藏对于食品的卫生安全至关重要，其可以通过维持低温的环境来延缓食品的腐败变质［1］。食品冷藏陈列柜作为商超、便利店等场景的重要保鲜设备，其制冷系统周期性融霜，造成柜内温度出现波动，这不仅会对食品保鲜效果产生不利影响，还可能导致能耗增加［2-5］。因此，抑制制冷系统周期性融霜期间的温度波动、降低系统能耗，成为冷藏陈列柜技术改进的关键方向。
相变蓄冷材料（PCM）凭借其在相变过程中，通过潜热形式高效蓄放冷的优异热力学特性，已被广泛应用于建筑节能［6］、电子设备散热［7］等多个领域。此外，其在食品冷冻冷藏方面也有广泛应用，如RAHIMI等［8］通过在家用冰箱的蒸发器下方添加PCM，结果表明，其有助于减少冰箱内温度波动并降低能耗约9.8%。袁培等［9］通过在食品冷藏陈列柜搁架内填充PCM，试验研究发现，相较于传统的食品冷藏陈列柜，填充PCM后食品包温度降低10%，温度波动幅度减小70%~75%。ISMAIL等［10］将加装PCM加装到蒸发器两侧后，结果表明，制冷系统的功耗降低了13.4%。HARUN-OR-RASHID等［11］在家用冰箱冷凝器和蒸发器翅片上加装相变材料（石蜡），结果表明，该措施显著提升了蒸发器的传热速率，进而使制冷系统的性能系数（COP）提高12.7%。MANE等［12］通过将相变材料模块（包含KCl、NaCl、NaF等溶液）安装在冰箱蒸发器盘管的接触面上，结果表明，压缩机功耗降低了6.2%。邓靜等［13］在充冷管道上设置肋片，一方面使蓄冷板内液态和部分凝固的PCM分隔为多个小区域，在小区域内自然对流得到强化；另一方面使相界面延长，传热面增大，冷量传递加快。EAKVANICH等［14］发现在冰箱内部集成PCM后，其整体功耗降低了15.69%。NANDANWAR等［15］使用热电发电机（TEG）和相变材料，来提高蒸汽压缩机制冷系统的效率，结果表明，减少了蒸汽压缩制冷系统所需的功耗，同时系统性能系数提高了7%。XIANG等［16］为优化用于果蔬冷藏运输的相变蓄冷冰箱的性能，开发了一种高性能无机相变材料，并通过试验测试了相变模块的充冷特性，结果表明，膨胀阀开度、压缩机转速和冷凝器风扇转速与充冷效率呈正相关；优化后的系统性能系数提高至1.62，充冷时间减少了47.6%。
上述研究大多聚焦于将相变材料通过填充或增置模块的方式，应用到制冷系统的冷凝器或蒸发器中，从而起到降低制冷系统功耗或提高系统性能的作用。基于以上方法，本文将相变蓄冷材料加装到食品冷藏陈列柜冷风通道内，用于抑制制冷系统周期性融霜对冷藏食品温度波动的影响。对加装相变材料前后食品冷藏陈列柜性能、制冷系统性能的改进进行系统的研究。
1　试验装置建立
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1.1　试验装置
测试柜如图1所示，采用山东小鸭冷链有限公司生产的E8纽约整体柜，其外型尺寸：长×宽×高为1 300 mm×755 mm×1 900 mm。柜内共5层置物架，从下往上排列，第1~4层置物架尺寸：长×宽×高为1 250 mm×350 mm×30 mm；第5层置物架尺寸：长×宽×高为1 250 mm×530 mm×30 mm。食品包、测试包置于测试柜内，食品包尺寸：长×宽×高为200 mm×100 mm×50 mm，每千克填充材料含有：230.0 g的羟乙基甲基纤维素、764.2 g的水、5.0 g氯化钠、0.8 g的对氯间甲酚。测试包尺寸：长×宽×高为100 mm×100 mm×50 mm。
本试验采用的DN-1型PCM主要是Na₂SO₄⋅10H₂O。因其原料价格低廉、制备工艺简单且制备成本较低。物性参数如表1所示。
ND-1型PCM的用量为5.035 kg，密度为1 060 kg/m³，根据式（1）估算其体积为4 750 cm3。
υ=mND-1ρND-1
鉴于ND-1在相变时会膨胀，其相变膨胀率为8.2%，PCM蓄冷膨胀后的体积为5 841 cm3。根据测量，风道内的体积为128 960 cm3，故PCM占据风道的体积为4.5%。其在冷风通道内的详细布置，如图2所示。
表2示出用于温度采集、能耗监测、风速测试的测量仪器详细参数。
1.2　测点的布置
试验测点依据GB/T 21001.2—2015《制冷陈列柜 第2部分：分类、要求和试验条件》的规定进行布置，如图3所示，包括前排或后排（R/F）食品包的温度、风道内和送回风口的温度测点（T），以及速度测点（V）。
1.3　数据处理
采用文献［17］中开式食品冷藏陈列柜的风幕热卷吸系数，对风幕效率进行评价，其定义如式（2）所示。ξ值越小，则风幕效率越高。
ξ=Tr-TsTa-Ts
式中，Tr为风幕回风口的平均温度，℃；Ts为风幕送风口的平均温度，℃；Ta为外环境温度，℃。
2　结果分析
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本测试是在第3类气候类型条件（25 ℃、60%相对湿度）［17］下进行，测试室内水平风速控制在0.2 m/s。通过试验分析冷风通道加装PCM前后，食品冷藏陈列柜性能、冷藏食品温度、系统能耗的变化。
2.1　柜内食品包温度分析
2.1.1　前后排食品包温度分析
冷藏陈列柜改进前后，第1，3，5层搁架上前后排，即垂直方向上食品包平均温度随时间的变化，如图4所示。
由图可以看出，改进前，食品冷藏陈列柜内前后排食品包温差较大，其中第1，3，5层平均温差分别约为1.52，1.13，0.82 ℃。改进后的食品冷藏陈列柜，第1，3，5层前后排食品包平均温差分别约为1.1，0.89，0.51 ℃。相较于改进前，改进后的食品冷藏陈列柜，第1，3，5层食品包垂直方向上的温度均匀性分别提高了27.6%，21.2%，37.8%。因此，在垂直方向上，加装相变蓄冷材料改善了冷藏食品的温度均匀性，且冷藏食品平均温度降低了1.12 ℃。
2.1.2　左右侧食品包温度分析
图5为冷藏陈列柜改进前后，第1，3，5层左右侧，也即水平方向上食品包平均温度随时间的变化。
由图可知，改进前的食品冷藏陈列柜，第1，3，5层左右侧食品包温差分别约为0.98，0.69，0.45 ℃，各层左右侧食品包平均温差约为0.71 ℃。改进后的食品冷藏陈列柜，第1，3，5层左右侧食品包温差分别约为0.41，0.58，0.34 ℃，各层左右侧食品包平均温差约为0.44 ℃。相较于改进前，改进后的食品冷藏陈列柜，第1，3，5层食品包水平方向上温度均匀性分别提高了58.2%，15.9%和24.4%。因此，在水平方向上，加装PCM改善了冷藏食品的温度均匀性。
2.2　柜内融霜时间分析
图6示出改进前后，食品冷藏陈列柜风道内温度随时间的变化。
由图可以看出，改进前的食品冷藏陈列柜在融霜期间，风道内最大温升为14.8 ℃，融霜时间为20 min。改进后的食品冷藏陈列柜，风道内最大温升为12.9 ℃，融霜时间为26 min。改进后风道内最大温升减少了1.9 ℃，融霜时间增加6 min。融霜时间的延长是相变材料与柜内空气之间发生热传递的结果。当压缩机停止工作时，从相变材料释放出的冷量传递到冷藏陈列柜内空气中，进而传递到蒸发器周围，使得改进后融霜时，蒸发器周围的空气温度略低于改进前，导致融霜时间延长。
2.3　冷藏陈列柜送回风温度及风速分析
2.3.1　风幕送回风温度分析
图7示出改进前后，食品冷藏陈列柜的风幕送回风温度的变化。相较于改进前，改进后食品冷藏陈列柜的送风平均温度由2.17 ℃降至1.95 ℃，回风平均温度由9.08 ℃降至7.82 ℃，送回风温差从6.91 ℃降低至5.87 ℃，降幅达15.1%。其送风温度波动幅度由改进前的11.1 ℃降低至8.7 ℃，降幅为21.6%。由表3中的数据计算得出，改进前食品冷藏陈列柜的风幕热卷吸系数为0.303，改进后食品冷藏陈列柜的风幕热卷吸系数为0.255，改进后的风幕热卷吸系数降低了15.8%。
2.3.2　送回风口风速分析
送回风口风速作为影响冷藏陈列柜风幕阻隔效率的关键参数，其稳定性直接关联外界热空气入侵量与柜内冷量损耗。图8示出改进前后，食品冷藏陈列柜送回风口平均风速随时间的变化。由于蒸发器会出现周期性的结融霜现象，对整个运行周期内食品冷藏陈列柜送回风口风速产生影响。由图可知，前4 h内，食品冷藏陈列柜送回风口平均风速逐渐降低，融霜逐渐增大。改进前的食品冷藏陈列柜，送风口平均风速为1.19 m/s、回风口平均风速为0.93 m/s。改进后的食品冷藏陈列柜，送风口平均风速为1.16 m/s、回风口平均风速为0.87 m/s。
相较于改进前的食品冷藏陈列柜，改进后食品冷藏陈列柜的送、回风口平均风速仅分别降低了2.5%，6.5%，表明改进前后送回风口风速的变化不大。
2.4　能耗分析
食品冷藏陈列柜改进前后的耗电情况如表4所示。由表可知，改进前食品冷藏陈列柜的日耗电量为31.19 kW⋅h。改进后食品冷藏陈列柜的日耗电量为29.26 kW⋅h，改进后日均电耗降低约6.2%。
3　结论
收起
以一台E8纽约型食品冷藏陈列柜为研究对象，在第3类气候类型（25 ℃、相对湿度60%）条件下，试验研究食品冷藏陈列柜冷风通道内加装相变蓄冷材料前后性能的变化，主要结论如下。
（1）相较于改进前，改进后食品冷藏陈列柜第1，3，5层食品包，垂直方向上温度均匀性分别提高了27.6%，21.2%，37.8%，水平方向上温度均匀性分别提高了58.2%，15.9%，24.4%，且冷藏食品平均温度降低1.12 ℃。
（2）加装PCM后，食品冷藏陈列柜送回风平均温差降低约15.1%，风幕热卷吸系数降低了15.8%，柜体总能耗降低约6.2%，且对风幕送回风口风速的影响较小。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.002
  • 接收时间：2025-07-29
  • 首发时间：2026-10-22
  • 出版时间：2026-01-30
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-29
  • 修回日期：2025-11-10
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    郑州轻工业大学 新能源学院，郑州 450000

通讯作者:

袁培（1982），男，博士，教授，研究方向为制冷及低温设备节能技术，通信地址：450000河南省郑州市高新区科学大道136号郑州轻工业大学新能源学院，E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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