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Article(id=1320037458008461905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037457517728337, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749225600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-07, revisedDate=1766073600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651055099, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1769702400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651055099, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651055099, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651055099, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037457517728337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2026', volume='54', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769702400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651054982, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656198886, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320059032665183153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037457517728337, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320059032669377458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037457517728337, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037458159456850, articleId=1320037458008461905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Experimental study on atomization characteristics of a compact micro‑mist nozzle, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the challenges of lightweight and compact design in current spray devices caused by complex internal flow channel structures，multiple liquid supply pipelines and interfaces，and large space occupation，a nozzle structure design concept based on the integration of the inlet channel，swirl chamber，and orifice was proposed.A compact micro‑mist nozzle with a thickness of 5 mm was designed，and an experimental setup for measuring spray characteristics was established to investigate the influence of the compact micro‑mist nozzle's geometric structural parameters on atomization characteristics.The research shows that the flow rate and spray angle are significantly affected by the orifice diameter.Increasing the swirl chamber diameter reduces the liquid film breakup length，which is beneficial for achieving the primary atomization process within a shorter distance.At a spray height of 15 mm，the peak axial velocity of the compact micro‑mist nozzle is greater than 10 m/s，occurring inside the spray cone.When the swirl chamber diameter is small，the axial velocity proportion of droplets at the spray center is the largest.When the orifice diameter is large，the decay of the axial velocity proportion along the radial direction slows down.The sauter mean diameter of droplets from the compact micro‑mist nozzle is less than 40 μm.The droplet size and droplet number density distribution are less affected by the swirl chamber.An increase in orifice diameter results in a 25% increase in the proportion of droplets with a size below 20 μm.This study provides a new approach for achieving integrated and highly compact designs of atomization devices.

, authors=Jindong YAN, Hua CHEN, Rui ZHOU, Wenlong CHENG, authorsList=Jindong YAN, Hua CHEN, Rui ZHOU, Wenlong CHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenlong CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037462475395697, articleId=1320037458008461905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=一种紧凑型微雾喷嘴雾化特性的试验研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对目前喷雾装置内部流道结构复杂、供液管路及接口多、占用空间大导致难以轻量化、紧凑化问题，提出基于入口流道、旋流腔和喷孔集成化的喷嘴结构设计理念，设计厚度5 mm的紧凑型微雾喷嘴，并搭建喷雾特性测量实验台，研究了紧凑型微雾喷嘴几何结构参数对雾化特性影响的规律。研究表明，流量和雾化角受喷孔直径影响较大；增大旋流腔直径会减小液膜破碎长度，有利于实现更短距离内的一次雾化过程；在15 mm的喷雾高度，紧凑型微雾喷嘴轴向速度峰值均大于10 m/s，出现在喷雾锥内部；旋流腔直径较小时，喷雾中心处的液滴轴向速度占比最大；喷孔直径较大时，轴向速度占比沿径向衰减放缓；紧凑型微雾喷嘴的液滴索特平均粒径小于40 μm，粒径和液滴数密度分布受旋流腔影响较小，喷孔直径的增大使得20 μm以下粒径占比增加了25%。研究为实现雾化装置一体化、高度集成化设计提供了新的思路。

, authors=闫锦东, 陈华, 周睿, 程文龙, authorsList=闫锦东, 陈华, 周睿, 程文龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=程文龙, authorNote=

闫锦东（1995），男，博士研究生，研究方向为喷雾冷却，E-mail：。

, correspAuthorsNote=
程文龙（1969），男，工学博士，教授，研究领域为高热流密度散热及传热传质强化：喷雾冷却、闪蒸冷却、多相流动换热等，通信地址：230027安徽省合肥市蜀山区黄山路443号中国科学技术大学（西校区），E-mail：。
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闫锦东（1995），男，博士研究生，研究方向为喷雾冷却，E-mail：。

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闫锦东（1995），男，博士研究生，研究方向为喷雾冷却，E-mail：。

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Experimental design for nozzle atomization characteristics

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喷嘴型号旋流腔直径D喷孔直径d
D2d1中小
D2d3中大
D2d2中中
D1d2小中
D3d2大中
), ArticleFig(id=1320037470004171442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037458008461905, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

喷嘴雾化特性试验设计

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喷嘴型号旋流腔直径D喷孔直径d
D2d1中小
D2d3中大
D2d2中中
D1d2小中
D3d2大中
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一种紧凑型微雾喷嘴雾化特性的试验研究
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闫锦东 , 陈华 , 周睿 , 程文龙
流体机械 | 试验研究 2026,54(1): 1-9
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流体机械 |试验研究 2026 , 54 (1) : 1 -9
一种紧凑型微雾喷嘴雾化特性的试验研究
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闫锦东 , 陈华, 周睿, 程文龙
作者信息
  • 中国科学技术大学 热科学和能源工程系，合肥 230027
通讯作者:
程文龙（1969），男，工学博士，教授，研究领域为高热流密度散热及传热传质强化：喷雾冷却、闪蒸冷却、多相流动换热等，通信地址：230027安徽省合肥市蜀山区黄山路443号中国科学技术大学（西校区），E-mail：。
作者简介:

闫锦东（1995），男，博士研究生，研究方向为喷雾冷却，E-mail：。

Experimental study on atomization characteristics of a compact micro‑mist nozzle
Jindong YAN , Hua CHEN, Rui ZHOU, Wenlong CHENG
Affiliations
  • Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230027，China
出版时间: 2026-01-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.001
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摘要
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针对目前喷雾装置内部流道结构复杂、供液管路及接口多、占用空间大导致难以轻量化、紧凑化问题，提出基于入口流道、旋流腔和喷孔集成化的喷嘴结构设计理念，设计厚度5 mm的紧凑型微雾喷嘴，并搭建喷雾特性测量实验台，研究了紧凑型微雾喷嘴几何结构参数对雾化特性影响的规律。研究表明，流量和雾化角受喷孔直径影响较大；增大旋流腔直径会减小液膜破碎长度，有利于实现更短距离内的一次雾化过程；在15 mm的喷雾高度，紧凑型微雾喷嘴轴向速度峰值均大于10 m/s，出现在喷雾锥内部；旋流腔直径较小时，喷雾中心处的液滴轴向速度占比最大；喷孔直径较大时，轴向速度占比沿径向衰减放缓；紧凑型微雾喷嘴的液滴索特平均粒径小于40 μm，粒径和液滴数密度分布受旋流腔影响较小，喷孔直径的增大使得20 μm以下粒径占比增加了25%。研究为实现雾化装置一体化、高度集成化设计提供了新的思路。

紧凑型喷嘴  /  雾化特性  /  集成化设计  /  微雾雾化  /  粒径分布

To address the challenges of lightweight and compact design in current spray devices caused by complex internal flow channel structures，multiple liquid supply pipelines and interfaces，and large space occupation，a nozzle structure design concept based on the integration of the inlet channel，swirl chamber，and orifice was proposed.A compact micro‑mist nozzle with a thickness of 5 mm was designed，and an experimental setup for measuring spray characteristics was established to investigate the influence of the compact micro‑mist nozzle's geometric structural parameters on atomization characteristics.The research shows that the flow rate and spray angle are significantly affected by the orifice diameter.Increasing the swirl chamber diameter reduces the liquid film breakup length，which is beneficial for achieving the primary atomization process within a shorter distance.At a spray height of 15 mm，the peak axial velocity of the compact micro‑mist nozzle is greater than 10 m/s，occurring inside the spray cone.When the swirl chamber diameter is small，the axial velocity proportion of droplets at the spray center is the largest.When the orifice diameter is large，the decay of the axial velocity proportion along the radial direction slows down.The sauter mean diameter of droplets from the compact micro‑mist nozzle is less than 40 μm.The droplet size and droplet number density distribution are less affected by the swirl chamber.An increase in orifice diameter results in a 25% increase in the proportion of droplets with a size below 20 μm.This study provides a new approach for achieving integrated and highly compact designs of atomization devices.

compact nozzle  /  atomization characteristics  /  integrated design  /  micro‑mist atomization  /  droplet size distribution
闫锦东, 陈华, 周睿, 程文龙. 一种紧凑型微雾喷嘴雾化特性的试验研究. 流体机械, 2026 , 54 (1) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.001
Jindong YAN, Hua CHEN, Rui ZHOU, Wenlong CHENG. Experimental study on atomization characteristics of a compact micro‑mist nozzle[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2026 , 54 (1) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.001
正文
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0　引言
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喷雾作为流体体积细化的一种便捷方式，在芯片散热、农业、医疗、矿业、冷却等众多领域发挥着重要作用［1-11］。由于喷雾是一个将流体工质进行破碎的过程，破碎后的液滴具有更大的比表面积，因此，在传热传质方面具有非常高效的应用价值［12-13］，如在喷雾冷却系统中，喷嘴的选择及其性能是保证冷却系统稳定高效的重要因素［14-15］。
压力旋流喷嘴的几何结构直接影响液体的流动过程，从而对雾化特性产生影响［16］。JEDELSKY等［17］研究表明，压力旋流喷嘴的压降损失与内部旋转流动关系较大，能量损失大部分集中在旋流腔中。LIU等［18］通过对旋流腔内部流场的研究，发现旋流腔长度的减小会促进空气柱尺寸的增大。一些研究表明，喷孔直径的变化对出口流速、旋流速度、液膜厚度均有不可忽略的影响［19-21］。GAD等［22］对比了喷孔和旋流腔在不同长径比下的雾化特性，发现旋流腔长径比变化影响了液膜的解体及液滴数密度，喷孔长径比的变化对液滴尺寸和分布有影响。比较前人的研究内容，旋流腔直径和喷孔直径是较为关键的几何参数，是雾化喷嘴研究需要重点关注的变量。
对喷嘴雾化特性的研究需要对外部流场进行试验测量，包括喷雾流量、雾化角、液滴速度和粒径分布等。SANTOLAYA等［23］使用了PDPA对喷嘴外部流场的液滴特性进行测量，研究发现，喷射压力的增加使得液滴之间碰撞的概率增加，液滴粒径会受到影响。ZHOU等［24］对喷嘴外部流场的湍流效应进行了研究，揭示了湍流对粒径的影响。BANG等［25］提出了一种液膜破碎的理论模型，预测了喷雾外流场的液膜厚度、雾化角、速度等雾化特性，并通过试验验证了模型的准确性。
上述研究内容大多集中在压力旋流喷嘴的理论及常规尺寸的喷嘴结构中，而目前雾化装置的小型化、微型化趋势在逐渐上升［14］，且压力旋流喷嘴的小型化、集成化设计缺乏研究。因此，本文提出一种入口流道、旋流腔及喷孔集成化设计的方法，省去旋流发生器，减小喷嘴高度，实现更加紧凑化的设计；同时，利用该方法设计紧凑型微雾喷嘴，对有限空间内影响喷嘴雾化特性的几何变量进行试验验证，并且在以水为工质的情况下，距离喷孔15 mm高度范围内实现了液滴粒径40 μm以下的雾化效果，适用于有限空间内的喷雾冷板设计，如数据中心服务器的芯片散热，以及航天器、激光武器的集成化喷雾冷却散热等场景。
1　试验设置
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1.1　喷嘴几何参数设置
文中设计的紧凑型微雾喷嘴实现的关键在于，入口流道与旋流腔和喷孔集成在一块厚度3 mm的铝合金板上，另一块厚度2 mm的铝合金平板与之贴合，将流体区域封闭，如图1所示。
不同的喷嘴几何结构会对喷雾产生较为明显的影响，文中对5种不同旋流腔直径和喷孔直径组合的单喷嘴进行试验，如表1所示。单喷嘴的喷雾板外部尺寸为24 mm×24 mm，总厚度5 mm。喷嘴的旋流腔直径变化范围为3~15 mm，喷孔直径的变化范围为0.3~1.0 mm。
液滴粒径的评价标准选择索特平均粒径（SMD）计算方法，其计算公式如下：
d32=∫dmindmaxd3dN/∫dmindmaxd2dN
式中，d为液滴直径；N为测量的液滴数。
喷雾测量截面上的切向速度为x和y方向的合速度，定义如下：
Vt=Vx2+Vy2
液滴惯性力与表面张力之比（We）定义如下：
We=ρν2d32σ
式中，ρ为液体密度；v为轴向和切向速度的合速度；σ为液体的表面张力。
变异系数（Cv）可以用来评价液滴分散度［26］，其为粒径的标准差与平均值之比：
Cv=∑i=1n(Xi-X¯)2n/X¯
1.2　雾化特性测量实验台
喷雾试验由高速摄影观测及激光多普勒相位分析仪（phase doppler particle analyzer，PDPA）雾化特性测量两部分组成，如图2所示。
喷雾的过程在一个循环系统中实现，水泵（索富NP120齿轮泵）驱动液体工质水从储液罐中流出，经过流量计（量程0.06~96 L/h，精度±0.5%）后达到喷雾板入口，经过内部流道后，从喷孔处形成雾化。与流量计并列的一条管路用于调节水泵流量，保持喷雾回路的供液稳定。在高速摄影观测时，光源、喷雾板、高速摄影机（相机Phantom VEO410，镜头100F2.8D）在同一轴线上。光源穿过雾化后的工质，进入高速摄影机的镜头，为捕捉喷雾形态提供充分的信息，高速摄影拍摄分辨率为1 280×800，帧率5 200 fps，曝光时间5 μs。试验时，入口工质温度保持22.5 ℃，出口环境压力为0.1 MPa。在使用PDPA测试液滴的雾化特性时，激光器发射的高频激光穿过喷雾区域，通过采集仪获取液滴的速度和粒径等信息，使用MATLAB软件对PDPA测得的喷雾液滴试验数据进行处理。喷雾特性的测量位置如图3所示。单喷嘴测点的排布〔见图3（b）〕：从圆心向外8个方向等间距排布，测量间距1 mm，共100个测点。由于压力旋流喷嘴的喷雾形态不是完全对称的，因此，将位于同一半径上的8个测点取平均值作为结果，图4为PDPA测量实拍图。
2　结果与讨论
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2.1　流量
喷雾流量与压差关系如图5所示。可以看出，喷嘴的流量Q随着喷雾压差ΔP的增加逐渐增大，不同喷嘴结构下流量增幅具有明显差异。相同压差下，流量对喷孔直径最为敏感，当压差为0.7 MPa时，喷孔直径从小到中等，流量增大了70.6%；喷孔直径从小到大，流量增大了147.0%。而改变旋流腔直径对流量的影响较小，流量的最大变化幅度仅12.5%。这说明较大的喷孔直径减小了喷孔处流动阻力；反之，较小的喷孔直径使得流体在喷孔中碰撞和合并增加，流量减小。
2.2　雾化角
喷雾形态包括雾化角（SCA）和液膜破碎长度（L），这些是对喷嘴选型和性能评价的最直观的物理量，需要借助高速摄影机捕捉的高清画面进行测量，如图6所示。液膜破碎长度指从喷嘴出口至二次破碎开始时的垂直距离。喷雾形态的数据取间隔10 ms的5帧图片，使用ImageJ软件进行测量，取5次测量结果的平均值作为试验数据。
不同变量下的喷雾形态变化如图7所示。从图可以看出，当压差增大时，液膜的破碎距离逐渐减小，并且液膜的表面波动更加明显，这促进了液膜破碎及雾化的形成；当喷孔直径增大时，雾化角出现了明显的扩张，且喷雾边缘颜色更深，轮廓更加明显，说明液膜受到离心力作用更强，在喷雾边缘处更厚。
喷嘴几何结构对液膜破碎长度及We影响见图8。
从图8（a）可看出，随着旋流腔直径的增加，液膜破碎长度降低，这是由于较大的旋流腔提供了较大的切向速度，液膜与空气之间的剪切力增大，加快了液膜破碎的过程，使得破碎长度下降。
从图8（b）可以看出，喷孔直径的增加与液膜破碎长度没有显著的相关性，这是由于喷孔直径增加显著影响内部液膜的流动及外部液膜表面波的破碎过程，因此，液膜破碎长度有较大幅度的变化。对比We数的变化情况，发现几何结构对液滴惯性力的影响与液膜的变化趋势非常相似，旋流腔直径的增加降低了液滴We，因为液膜破碎长度的降低，二次雾化距离增大，促进了液滴尺寸降低，从而影响了We数的变化。
雾化角随压差ΔP的变化曲线如图9所示。可以看出，相比于旋流腔直径的变化，喷孔直径对雾化角的影响较为明显。当喷孔直径增加时，较大的喷孔截面为旋流提供了更大的空间，使得液膜在离心力的作用下向壁面处运动，增加了切向速度，使得雾化角增大。旋流腔直径增大时，雾化角也出现了增加，这是由于较大的旋流腔直径提高了涡流强度，使得离心力增大，雾化角增加。
2.3　速度分布
速度变化的径向分布曲线如图10所示。从图10（a）可看出，旋流腔直径为小和大时的速度曲线比较类似，且速度峰值最大；而旋流腔直径为中等时，轴向速度更低。当喷孔直径增加时，速度峰值逐渐向喷雾外缘移动，且轴向速度数值在逐渐下降。这是由于较大的喷孔为液体旋流提供了更大的旋流空间，增强了离心力的作用，雾化角增大，液滴轴向速度峰值也逐渐向边缘发展，而靠近喷孔中心处的轴向速度也在旋流作用增强的作用下出现下降趋势。试验测试的所有喷嘴在15 mm的雾化距离处，轴向速度峰值仍能够达到10 m/s。从图10（b）可以看出，喷嘴几何结构引起的速度占比差异主要集中在距离喷雾中心半径2 mm内，轴向速度沿喷雾半径方向占比逐渐降低。具体来看，旋流腔直径的变化对喷雾中心处的速度影响较明显，旋流腔直径小时轴向速度占比最大，说明调整旋流腔直径可以增大喷雾中心区域的轴向速度。喷孔直径的变化对整体数值变化较明显，喷孔直径大时轴向速度占比更大，说明调整喷孔直径可以延缓轴向速度的衰减。
结合喷雾覆盖区域对速度场和液滴数密度分布进行分析，结果如图11（图中虚线为喷雾边缘对应位置）所示。5种结构喷嘴轴向速度的峰值位置都出现在喷雾锥范围内，喷孔直径变化引起的速度曲线差异性最大。从图11（a）可以看出，在旋流腔直径变化下，喷雾锥范围内的液滴数密度分布差异主要集中在喷雾中心直径4 mm区域内，并且液滴数密度峰值基本上都在喷雾锥的边缘处。
从图11（b）可看出，喷孔直径变化带来的液滴数密度分布差异较明显，液滴数密度峰值位置随着喷孔直径的增加逐渐向喷雾边缘移动，这也进一步说明了喷孔增大带来的离心力作用增强，使得更多的液滴在喷雾边缘处出现。因此可以看出，喷孔直径对喷雾液滴数密度分布起到重要影响。
2.4　粒径分布
图12示出了沿半径方向液滴粒径的分布情况。
在15 mm的近场喷雾范围内，所有喷嘴的液滴粒径均小于40 μm。除了喷孔直径最大的喷嘴外，其余喷嘴的液滴粒径表现出先增后减的变化趋势，粒径峰值相差不大，并且一般出现在喷雾边缘处。在沿喷雾半径6 mm之内，喷孔直径最小的喷嘴液滴粒径最大，这是因为较小的喷孔会使得液滴在喷孔处发生碰撞和合并的概率增加，液膜的离心力不足以克服黏性力，出现了液滴粒径较大的现象。而喷孔直径最大的喷嘴，液滴粒径变化幅度最大，并且其峰值出现的位置距离中心更远，这是因为较大的喷孔中涡旋更加强烈，中心处更容易形成空气柱，在气液剪切力的作用下，中心处的液膜破碎成更小液滴，较大的液滴在离心力的作用下逐渐向喷雾边缘运动，形成了较大范围的粒径分布。
图13、图14分别示出了液滴粒径指标及占比情况。结合图13（a）和图14（a）~（c）可以看出，在旋流腔直径变化的影响下，液滴粒径分布差异不大，35 μm附近的粒径占比最多。对比图13（b）与图14（d）~（f）与喷孔直径的变化可以看出，当喷孔直径大时，20 μm粒径以下的液滴逐渐增多，占比25%，使得粒径的d32均值及中值直径d50均显著下降，而d90仍然相差不大，可以推断出现这种现象的原因：较大的喷孔直径使得喷孔中心空气柱出现，增加了气液剪切力，使得液滴粒径在喷孔中心处下降。
粒径分散度（Cv）在不同喷雾几何结构影响下的变化规律见图15。
对比图15（a）和图15（b）可以明显看出，旋流腔直径变化对粒径分散度的影响较小，而随着喷孔直径的增大，粒径分散度先略微降低、后显著增加。主要原因在于：较小的喷孔内部难以形成空气柱，因此，液滴的破碎过程主要受到喷孔的摩擦和液膜破碎的影响，当喷孔增大后，空气柱引起的气液剪切作用造成靠近喷嘴内部液滴粒径下降，在离心力作用下，较大的液滴更容易在喷雾边缘聚集，出现了液滴分散度增大的现象。
3　结论
收起
本文提出了一种新型的紧凑型微雾喷嘴设计理念，在5 mm高度空间内将入口流道、旋流腔和喷孔进行集成化设计，并在紧凑空间实现40 μm以下的液滴雾化过程。由于其结构紧凑的特点，雾化特性受到几何参数的影响也十分显著。通过试验方法对紧凑型压力旋流单喷嘴进行了雾化特性试验测量，得出主要结论如下。
（1）旋流腔直径增大缩短了液膜破碎长度，有利于更短距离内实现二次雾化；调整旋流腔直径可以调节喷雾中心区域的轴向速度与切向速度占比，并且对液滴粒径分布占比和粒径分散度影响较小。
（2）调节喷孔直径可以提升轴向速度占比，延缓喷雾锥范围内的轴向速度衰减；较大的喷孔直径使得液滴的雾化角增大，液滴数密度的空间分布逐渐向喷雾外缘移动，粒径20 μm以下的液滴占比提升了25%。
（3）文中研究对压力旋流喷嘴的紧凑型设计提出了一种新的思路，试验结果表明，该方案具备紧凑空间内实现较好雾化效果的能力，在未来雾化装置的小型化集成化设计，以及其传热传质方面具有较好的应用前景。

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2026年第54卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2026.01.001
  • 接收时间：2025-06-07
  • 首发时间：2026-10-22
  • 出版时间：2026-01-30
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  • 收稿日期：2025-06-07
  • 修回日期：2025-12-19
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    中国科学技术大学 热科学和能源工程系，合肥 230027

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程文龙（1969），男，工学博士，教授，研究领域为高热流密度散热及传热传质强化：喷雾冷却、闪蒸冷却、多相流动换热等，通信地址：230027安徽省合肥市蜀山区黄山路443号中国科学技术大学（西校区），E-mail：。
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