Article(id=1320037444850921782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037383882519364, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.12.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745164800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-21, revisedDate=1761321600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792651051962, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1767110400000, pubDateStr=2025-12-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792651051962, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792651051962, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792651051962, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320037383882519364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767110400000', pubDateStr='2025-12-31', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792651037426, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792656182714, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320058964839093145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037383882519364, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320058964839093146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1320037383882519364, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=94, endPage=101, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320037445043859767, articleId=1320037444850921782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Research on operation optimization of water injection pumping stations based on NSGA-Ⅲ and combined weighting decision, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problems of low operating efficiency and excessive energy consumption of pumping stations in the oilfield water injection system,taking the oilfield water injection pumping station as the research object,a multi‑objective operation optimization model was constructed with the minimum electricity cost,the maximum average efficiency,the minimum flow deviation degree,and the minimum start‑stop frequency of the pumping station.The third‑generation non‑dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅲ) was adopted to solve it for operation optimization.Then,the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the weight assignment method based on the correlation between indicators (CRITIC) were combined to assign weights to it.Meanwhile,the near‑ideal solution ranking method (TOPSIS) was introduced to optimize the scheme,achieving comprehensive decision‑making for multi‑objective optimization.The comparative analysis with the original operation scheme of the oilfield water injection pumping station shows that the optimized scheme has achieved remarkable results.The average efficiency of the water pump has increased from 66.99% to 70.31%,the improvement rate reaches 4.96%.The traffic deviation has decreased from 17.32% before optimization to 13.71%,a reduction of 20.8%.Meanwhile,the start‑stop frequency of the water pump has decreased from the original 0.500 to 0.314,a decrease of up to 37.2%.The daily electricity cost has decreased from 22 528 yuan to 20 116 yuan,a decrease of 10.71%.The research can provide a basis for the scientific operation and management of oilfield water injection pump stations.

, authors=Liang ZHAO, Yan WANG, Yongqi LI, Mengwen AN, Qingfeng CHEN, Guang YANG, authorsList=Liang ZHAO, Yan WANG, Yongqi LI, Mengwen AN, Qingfeng CHEN, Guang YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320037447992455488, articleId=1320037444850921782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=基于NSGA-Ⅲ与组合赋权决策的注水泵站运行优化研究, columnId=1317484300472271469, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=应用技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对油田注水系统中泵站运行效率低下及能耗过高等问题,以油田注水泵站为研究对象,构建了以泵站用电费用最小、平均效率最大、流量偏离程度最小、启停频率最小的多目标运行优化模型。采用第三代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅲ)对其进行运行优化求解,再结合层次分析法(AHP)和基于指标间相关性的权重赋权法(CRITIC)对其进行组合赋权,同时引入逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)对方案进行优选,实现了多目标优化的综合决策。通过与该油田注水泵站原有运行方案的对比分析表明,优化后的方案取得了显著的成效:水泵平均效率由66.99%提升至70.31%,提升率达到4.96%;流量偏离度由优化前的17.32%降低至13.71%,降低了20.8%;水泵启停频率由原先的0.500降低至0.314,降幅高达37.2%;每日用电费用由22 528元降至20 116元,降幅达10.71%。研究可为油田注水泵站的科学运行管理提供依据。

, authors=赵亮, 王妍, 李永琪, 安梦雯, 陈庆丰, 杨光, authorsList=赵亮, 王妍, 李永琪, 安梦雯, 陈庆丰, 杨光, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王妍, authorNote=

赵亮(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要从事泵站优化运行研究,E-mail:。

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王妍(1980),女,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事系统优化与控制、石油装备机电一体化的研究,通信地址:163000黑龙省大庆市高新技术产业开发区学府街99号东北石油大学机械科学与工程学院,E-mail:。
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The original operation plan of the pumping station

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时间段单泵注水量/(m3⋅h-1)水泵开启
台数
水泵转速比
02:00-05:003 650.4320.950
05:00-08:003 826.5630.983
08:00-11:003 972.4231.000
11:00-14:003 854.3720.946
14:00-17:003 533.5331.000
17:00-20:003 742.1320.960
20:00-23:003 645.3630.980
23:00-02:003 830.1820.951
), ArticleFig(id=1320037452845265269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037444850921782, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

泵站原运行方案

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时间段单泵注水量/(m3⋅h-1)水泵开启
台数
水泵转速比
02:00-05:003 650.4320.950
05:00-08:003 826.5630.983
08:00-11:003 972.4231.000
11:00-14:003 854.3720.946
14:00-17:003 533.5331.000
17:00-20:003 742.1320.960
20:00-23:003 645.3630.980
23:00-02:003 830.1820.951
), ArticleFig(id=1320037452916568438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037444850921782, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Daily optimization results of pumping stations

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时间段单泵注水量/(m3⋅h-1)水泵开启
台数
水泵转速比
02:00-05:003 552.7430.942
05:00-08:003 436.5630.953
08:00-11:003 262.4220.857
11:00-14:003 154.3710.846
14:00-17:003 433.5320.915
17:00-20:003 142.1320.847
20:00-23:003 545.3620.924
23:00-02:003 430.1820.931
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泵站日优化结果

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时间段单泵注水量/(m3⋅h-1)水泵开启
台数
水泵转速比
02:00-05:003 552.7430.942
05:00-08:003 436.5630.953
08:00-11:003 262.4220.857
11:00-14:003 154.3710.846
14:00-17:003 433.5320.915
17:00-20:003 142.1320.847
20:00-23:003 545.3620.924
23:00-02:003 430.1820.931
), ArticleFig(id=1320037453046591864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037444850921782, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison between the original plan and the optimized results

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方案泵站电费/元平均效率/%平均偏离度/%平均启停频率/(次⋅h-1)
原运行22 52866.9917.320.500
优化后20 11670.313.6100.314
), ArticleFig(id=1320037453210169721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1320037444850921782, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

原方案与优化后结果对比

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方案泵站电费/元平均效率/%平均偏离度/%平均启停频率/(次⋅h-1)
原运行22 52866.9917.320.500
优化后20 11670.313.6100.314
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基于NSGA-Ⅲ与组合赋权决策的注水泵站运行优化研究
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赵亮 , 王妍 , 李永琪 , 安梦雯 , 陈庆丰 , 杨光
流体机械 | 应用技术 2025,53(12): 94-101
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流体机械 |应用技术 2025 , 53 (12) : 94 -101
基于NSGA-Ⅲ与组合赋权决策的注水泵站运行优化研究
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赵亮 , 王妍 , 李永琪, 安梦雯, 陈庆丰, 杨光
作者信息
  • 东北石油大学 机械科学与工程学院,黑龙江 大庆 163000
通讯作者:
王妍(1980),女,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事系统优化与控制、石油装备机电一体化的研究,通信地址:163000黑龙省大庆市高新技术产业开发区学府街99号东北石油大学机械科学与工程学院,E-mail:。
作者简介:

赵亮(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要从事泵站优化运行研究,E-mail:。

Research on operation optimization of water injection pumping stations based on NSGA-Ⅲ and combined weighting decision
Liang ZHAO , Yan WANG , Yongqi LI, Mengwen AN, Qingfeng CHEN, Guang YANG
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163000,China
出版时间: 2025-12-31 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.12.011
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针对油田注水系统中泵站运行效率低下及能耗过高等问题,以油田注水泵站为研究对象,构建了以泵站用电费用最小、平均效率最大、流量偏离程度最小、启停频率最小的多目标运行优化模型。采用第三代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅲ)对其进行运行优化求解,再结合层次分析法(AHP)和基于指标间相关性的权重赋权法(CRITIC)对其进行组合赋权,同时引入逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)对方案进行优选,实现了多目标优化的综合决策。通过与该油田注水泵站原有运行方案的对比分析表明,优化后的方案取得了显著的成效:水泵平均效率由66.99%提升至70.31%,提升率达到4.96%;流量偏离度由优化前的17.32%降低至13.71%,降低了20.8%;水泵启停频率由原先的0.500降低至0.314,降幅高达37.2%;每日用电费用由22 528元降至20 116元,降幅达10.71%。研究可为油田注水泵站的科学运行管理提供依据。

注水泵站  /  NSGA-Ⅲ  /  CRITIC  /  TOPSIS  /  多目标优化

Aiming at the problems of low operating efficiency and excessive energy consumption of pumping stations in the oilfield water injection system,taking the oilfield water injection pumping station as the research object,a multi‑objective operation optimization model was constructed with the minimum electricity cost,the maximum average efficiency,the minimum flow deviation degree,and the minimum start‑stop frequency of the pumping station.The third‑generation non‑dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅲ) was adopted to solve it for operation optimization.Then,the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the weight assignment method based on the correlation between indicators (CRITIC) were combined to assign weights to it.Meanwhile,the near‑ideal solution ranking method (TOPSIS) was introduced to optimize the scheme,achieving comprehensive decision‑making for multi‑objective optimization.The comparative analysis with the original operation scheme of the oilfield water injection pumping station shows that the optimized scheme has achieved remarkable results.The average efficiency of the water pump has increased from 66.99% to 70.31%,the improvement rate reaches 4.96%.The traffic deviation has decreased from 17.32% before optimization to 13.71%,a reduction of 20.8%.Meanwhile,the start‑stop frequency of the water pump has decreased from the original 0.500 to 0.314,a decrease of up to 37.2%.The daily electricity cost has decreased from 22 528 yuan to 20 116 yuan,a decrease of 10.71%.The research can provide a basis for the scientific operation and management of oilfield water injection pump stations.

water injection pumping station  /  NSGA-Ⅲ  /  CRITIC  /  TOPSIS  /  multi‑objective optimization
赵亮, 王妍, 李永琪, 安梦雯, 陈庆丰, 杨光. 基于NSGA-Ⅲ与组合赋权决策的注水泵站运行优化研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (12) : 94 -101 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.12.011
Liang ZHAO, Yan WANG, Yongqi LI, Mengwen AN, Qingfeng CHEN, Guang YANG. Research on operation optimization of water injection pumping stations based on NSGA-Ⅲ and combined weighting decision[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (12) : 94 -101 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.12.011
油田注水泵站是油田开发中的耗能大户,其运行效率和经济性对油田的整体开发效益具有决定性影响。近年来,随着能源成本的上升和环境保护要求的提高,如何优化注水泵站的运行以降低能耗、提高效率成为了研究的热点。魏良良等[1]以提升泵站运行效率为核心目标,利用BP神经网络对水泵特性进行训练,同时结合GA算法优化求解,确定了水泵的最佳组合方案和每个泵的最佳运行参数。王阳等[2]构建了以泵站能耗为目标的数学优化模型,并采用ABC算法对模型进行求解,得到了泵站在不同需求下的开泵台数及调速比。李娜等[3]建立了泵站日耗电量最小的调度模型,改进遗传算法的适应度函数,与传统的遗传算法进行对比,其耗电量得到相应的改善。代金汕等[4]将改进的粒子群算法应用到某调水泵站,以耗电费用最小建立目标函数,并证明该算法在优化泵站方面的可行性。王可庆等[5]以泵站启停次数最少和泵站总能源费用最小为目标函数,建立泵站运行自动化模型,利用混合粒子群算法对模型进行求解,合理降低泵组启停次数和能源费用成本。JUNG等[6]引入了一种新的系统鲁棒性指数,选取各节点日最大压力值与日最小压力值的差值,并以该差值序列中的最大值,定义为系统压力鲁棒性指标并作为约束条件纳入泵设计和运行模型中,以最大限度地降低泵的总成本。MAKAREMI等[7]以能源成本和泵开关次数为目标,用改进的自适应NSGA-II耦合EPANET求解,试验与实例管网验证表明优化后泵开关可降69%,而电耗仅增10%。LINGZHONG等[8]提出一种兼顾安全与能耗的泵站闭环预测控制方法,用水动力学线性模型预测状态,以实测水位同化修正,滚动优化求解泵控策略。虚拟双泵站测试表明,在扰动下能耗、成本分别再降5.1%,5.5%,远优于开环的1.4%,0.2%。
尽管已有大量研究通过不同优化算法改善泵站运行性能,但这些研究多集中于单一或少数目标,难以全面兼顾经济性、效率、稳定性和设备寿命等多重因素。为此,本文考虑了泵站运行电费最小化、水泵效率最大化等传统目标,在此基础上还引入了水泵流量偏离度最小化和启停频率最小化两个重要目标,在保证经济运行的同时,提升了泵站稳定性和设备寿命。优化后的方案显著降低了运行电费,提高了水泵效率,减少了启停频率和流量偏离度,为油田注水泵站优化提供了新思路。与现有研究相比,多目标优化模型更加全面,能更好平衡各项关键指标,具有较高的工程应用价值。
采用最小二乘法对水泵的特性曲线Q-H、Q-P进行拟合:
H=a1Q3+a2Q2+a3Q+a4
P=b1Q3+b2Q2+b3Q+b4
式中,H为泵的扬程,m;Q为泵的运行流量,m³/h;a1,a2,a3,a4,b1,b2,b3,b4均为拟合系数;P为泵的轴功率,kW。
基于水泵相似定律,可推导出在不同转速比条件下水泵特性曲线,通用表达式为:
Hi=a1Qi3/ki+a2Qi2+a3kiQi+a4ki2
Pi=b1Qi3+b2kiQi2+b3ki2Qi+b4ki3
式中,k为泵的转速比;i为时段。
确定不同转速比下水泵特性曲线后,将水泵流量偏离度最小(F1)、平均效率最大(F2)、用电成本最小(F3)、启停频率最小(F4)作为目标函数。需要指出的是,将平均效率最大、用电成本最小作为独立优化目标,是平衡泵站短期经济性与长期设备健康度的关键。其中,用电成本聚焦于实时电价驱动下的短期运营开销;而平均效率则衡量机组的健康状态,高效率运行能显著降低设备磨损、延长使用寿命,其效益是短期电费无法完全体现的。因此,本模型旨在通过多目标优化,提供一组揭示二者权衡关系的Pareto最优解集,以实现泵站全生命周期效益的最大化。以泵站全生命周期效益最大化为目标,构建精准优化模型;引入{0,1}二元决策变量μj,i,表示第j台水泵在第i时段的运行状态——值为1时表示水泵运行,当值为0时表示水泵停机。其中j∈{1,...,J},J为泵站水泵总台数。为此,建立的数学模型如下。
(1)水泵流量偏离度最小F1:
F1=min∑i=1T|Qtotal,i-Qd,i|Navg
式中,T为所划分的时间段总数;Qtotal,i为i时段泵站总出水流量,m³/h;Qd,i为i时段管网需求流量,m³/h;Navg为水泵运行总台数的平均值。
(2)平均效率最大F2。
水泵机组的效率ηj,i为流量Qj,i和扬程Hj,i的函数。平均效率目标旨在将所有运行水泵,在整个周期内的加权平均效率最大化。
F2=max∑i=1T∑j=1Jηj,iuj,i∑i=1T∑j=1Juj,i
式中,uj,i为第j台泵在i时间段的开关状态(1代表开,0代表关);J为水泵的总台数。
(3)用电成本最小F3。
水泵的变速运行由电动机和变频器实现,精确的成本计算必须考虑整个驱动链的能量损耗。机组从电网获取的总输入电功率Pelec取决于水泵效率ηpump、电动机效率ηmotor和变频器效率ηvfd。
Pelec,j,i=ρgQj,iHj,iηpump,j,iηmotorηvfd,j,i
式中,ρ为水的密度,kg/m³;g为重力加速度;Qj,i为第j台泵在i时段的流量,m³/h;ηmotor为电动机效率,取定值0.95。
为体现变速运行的经济性权衡,ηvfd设定如下:当水泵以额定转速nrated运行时,可采用工频直启,ηvfd,j,i=1.0;当以非额定转速n<nrated运行时,必须经由变频器,ηvfd,j,i取典型值0.97。
F3=min∑i=1T∑j=1JPelec,j,iuj,iciΔt
式中,ci为i时间段的电价,元/(kW⋅h);Δt为时间段长度,h。
(4)启停频率最小F4。
启停频率指调度周期内,所有水泵的总启动次数。为捕捉启动事件,引入辅助二元变量yj,i,表示水泵j在时段i是否发生启动。若yj,i=1,则表示水泵j在时段i启动。该变量与状态变量的关系见1.3节。
F4=min∑i=1T∑j=1Jyj,i
综上所述,最终的多目标优化模型为:
F=min[F1,-F2,F3,F4]
泵站的运行需要满足对应时间段内的注水量需求,并且为了达到最优化的目的,应保证在满足流量的情况下,使其在泵的高效区间内运行,需要满足的约束如下。
Qd,imin≤Qi≤Qd,imaxQi=∑j=1JQj,iuj,iQj,effmin≤Qj,i≤Qj,effmax
式中,Qd,imin,Qd,imax分别为i时间段需求流量的下限和上限,m³/h;Qj,effmin,Qj,effmax为第j台泵在高效区流量的下限和上限。
水泵应该有足够的扬程,满足管道系统中进出口之间的最小水位差,同时需要确保水泵在其设计的高效工作范围内运行。因此,需要满足的约束如下。
Hi≥Hmin
式中,Hmin为注水管网所需的最小扬程,m。
各时间段开启的水泵数量Np,i由状态变量uj,i决定,且不能超过总泵数J。
Np,i=∑j=1Juj,i
式中,Np,i为泵站水泵在i时间段开启的台数,0≤Np,i≤J。
0.7≤ki≤1
定义初始状态uj,0=0,有:
yj,i≥uj,i-uj,i-1
式中,∀j∈{1,...,J},∀i∈{1,...,T}。
注水泵站的多目标优化问题具有高维性、非线性和强约束性等特点,属于典型的复杂工程优化问题,采用NSGA-Ⅲ算法可实现其高效求解。NSGA-Ⅲ算法基于参考点的非支配排序机制,在处理高维目标空间时具有显著优势,能够均衡地探索解空间的分布性和收敛性,从而为注水泵站的运行优化提供高质量的Pareto最优解集[9-13]。
(1)随机生成一个种群规模为U的初始种群G1。
(2)在种群更新过程中,通过对G1进行选择、交叉和变异操作,生成新种群G2,随后将G1与G2合并形成种群G3。
(3)对合并后的种群G3执行非支配排序,构建具有层级结构的非支配解集,其中第1层为非支配前沿,依次类推至第L层。
(4)按照非支配层级从1到L的顺序,依次将个体填充到空种群G₄中。若G4的规模达到U,则直接将其作为下一代种群;否则,继续填充直至满足规模要求;若G4的规模超过U,则需通过选择机制筛选部分个体,以确保G4的最终规模恰好为U。选择过程如下。
1)从得到的种群中分离目标函数的期望值点Zi={Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4},将解的集合以期望值点为基准进行标准化,从而实现种群个体坐标Fi'(x)的获取[14-15]。
2)确定每个目标维度的最小极值点,计算截距ai并计算归一化后Fin(x)[16]。
AFS(x,ω)=maxi=1MFi(x)-Ziyi
Fin(x)=maxi=1yFi'(x)ai-Zi
式中,AFS(X,ω)为目标函数极值点;Fi(x)为个体坐标位置;yi为单位向量。
3)基于参考点构建参考线,计算个体到各参考线的距离,并分配给最近的参考点[17]。
4)计算各个参考点的小生境并从中筛选适当个体,以确保下一代种群G4的规模恰好为U,从而完成种群更新。
5)重复步骤2)~4),迭代完成为止。
得出Pareto前沿解集后,采用AHP与CRITIC的组合赋权方法,通过主客观相结合的方式对各评价指标进行科学合理的权重分配,并基于TOPSIS法对方案进行综合评价从而选出泵站最佳日运行方案[18]。
(1)AHP法。针对4个目标函数指标构建判断矩阵A,并对矩阵进行按列归一化处理,随后计算得到各指标的主观权重wi,并对矩阵A进行一致性检验:先计算矩阵A的最大特征值λmax,再利用该特征值计算一致性比率CCR,若一致性比率满足CCR≤0.1,则矩阵A通过一致性检验,否则需对矩阵A进行调整,直至满足一致性要求[19]。
CCI=(λmax-m)/(m-1)CCR=CCI/RRI
式中,CCI,RRI分别为一致性和随机一致性指数;m为评估指标的个数。
(2)CRITIC法。CRITIC法通过对比度(标准差)和冲突性(相关系数)评估指标间的差异[20]。首先基于前沿解集建立判断矩阵B并标准化得到B',随后计算标准差σi和相关性系数fj[21]。
σj=1n-1∑i=1n(xij'--'xj)fj=∑i=1m(1-rij)
式中,n,rij分别为方案的数量和i,j指标之间的相关性系数。
最后,计算客观权重ωj。
ωj=σjfj/∑j=1mσjfj
(3)综合权重通过调节系数α,β平衡主客观权重,采用差异系数法确定α,β取值后计算得出[22]。
ω=αωi+βωi
α=mT'/(m-1)β=1-αT'=2m(p1+2p2+...+mpm)-m+1m
式中,T'为离散系数;p1,p2,...,pm为ωi中各分量升序排序。
(4)TOPSIS法。首先预处理数据,将水泵效率转为极小型指标;标准化矩阵B消除量纲;引入综合权重至评价矩阵Z,构建评价体系[23-25]。
zij=ωxij/∑i=1nxij2
确定最优解和最劣解Z+,Z-:
Z+=minzi1,minzi2,...,minzijZ-=maxzi1,maxzi2,...,maxzij
计算各方案与最优解和最劣解的距离Di±:
Di±=∑j=1Jzi±-zij2
对各个方案进行评分,将得到的得分Ei降序排序选出最优方案:
Ei=Di-/(Di++Di-)
以国内某一油田区块的注水泵站为例进行对比分析,该泵站配有3台相同型号的离心泵,型号为DFSS700-7/8-1250,额定流量为3 900 m3/h。收集该泵站运行的历史数据,包括每台泵的运行时间、流量、扬程、功率,以及油田注水需求的变化情况。对采集到的数据进行清洗、去除异常值、标准化处理后拟合得到水泵的特性曲线,如图1所示。所用特性曲线由历史数据拟合,反映了水泵当前的实际性能,而非理想出厂状态。由于注水泵不宜频繁启停,因此将一天从2∶00点开始,划分为8个时间段优化注水,并结合所在城市的峰谷分时电价(如图2)进行优化。该泵站原运行方案见表1所示。
原运行方案存在以下几个方面不足:(1)经济性方面,忽略峰谷电价规律,导致运行成本较高;(2)能效方面,凭经验“凑流量”的粗放式调节,使泵组长期偏离最佳效率点(BEP),造成严重能源浪费;(3)设备可靠性方面,为应对需求波动而进行频繁启停,极大地增加了机组故障风险;(4)运行稳定性方面,响应式的滞后调节导致流量偏离度大,影响注水系统的平稳性。
针对上述不足,构建多目标优化模型,协同各项指标,寻求更具综合效益的运行方案。
以24 h为一个注水周期,流量和扬程的约束条件利用EPANET软件对管网进行建模得到。算法采用PyCharm软件进行编写,参数定义如下:种群规模U=300,迭代次数为600,交叉概率pc=0.9,变异概率pm=0.1。
水泵H-Q,P-Q拟合曲线函数如下。
H=4.62×10-11Q3/k-3.19×10-6Q2+0.009 72Qk+97.22k2
P=-5.19×10-10Q3+1.27×10-5Q2k+0.091 8Qk2+538.96k3
图3为优化后泵站的Pareto非支配前沿图。
如图3所示,泵站优化模型的Pareto非劣解集,在目标空间内具有较好的均匀分布,但受注入能力的限制,Pareto前沿面呈现出不连续的特征。进一步分析解集可以揭示各目标间的内在权衡关系,其中,泵站电费与水泵平均效率之间存在显著的负相关性,即水泵的平均效率随电费降低而下降。这一结论的内在逻辑由峰谷分时电价驱动,为了实现电费最低,模型倾向于在电价谷时段集中注水。然而,这种策略可能迫使泵组运行在偏离最佳效率点(BEP),以满足短时大流量需求,从而拉低全周期的平均效率。反之,若追求全局最高效率,模型会尽可能让泵组在BEP下运行,但这可能导致无法完全避开在电价峰时作业,从而增加总电费。此外,流量偏离度随平均效率的提升呈现先减小后增大的非线性变化趋势;启停频率的增加会导致非劣解数量的减少。在Pareto非劣解集中,电费极差达3 721.16元,这表明其受其他三项指标影响。因此,需合理分配4项指标权重以确定最优方案。
运用AHP法确定提出的4个指标的主观权重,分别为0.142,0.276,0.516,0.066。同时,采用CRITIC法计算各指标的客观权重分别为0.262,0.241,0.255,0.242。将主观权重升序排列后,计算得到差异系数T=0.336,调节系数α=0.463,β=0.543,组合赋权计算得到综合权重为0.228,0.254,0.347,0.171。运用TOPSIS法对泵站日运行原方案展开评价,并将评价结果应用于实际泵站运行后,最终获得优化后的泵站日运行结果如表2所示。
在注水周期内,各时段的注水量与对应的峰谷电价关系如图4所示。结果表明,泵站注水量与电价呈现明显的负相关性,基本实现了泵站电费最小化的目标。优化后的与该油田泵站原运行方案进行对比结果,如表3所示。从表中可以看出,优化后泵站日运行电费减少2 412元,效率提升3.32个百分点,流量偏离度降低13.71%,启停频率减少0.186次,注水周期内启停次数减少4次。说明该优化模型显著提升了泵站运行的安全性和经济性。
以某油田注水泵站为研究对象,采用NSGA-Ⅲ算法优化结合AHP-CRITIC-TOPSIS综合赋权决策方法构建多目标优化决策模型,以实现泵站运行最优方案的决策,主要结论如下。
(1)通过与原方案对比,优化后每日用电费用减少2 412元,直接降低运营成本,并大幅削减碳排放,体现出卓越的经济与环境效益。同时,水泵效率提高了3.32个百分点,显著提高能源利用效率。流量偏离度降低13.71%,保障水资源输送的精准性与稳定性。泵的启停频率减少0.186,注水周期内泵的启停减少4次,有效延长设备寿命并减少启动能耗。说明本优化方案可显著提高泵站的运行经济性与安全性,在节能减排方面取得突出成效。
(2)模型通过引入流量偏离度和启停频率两个新目标,全面平衡了经济性、效率、稳定性和设备寿命,具有较高的工程应用价值。
(3)NSGA-Ⅲ算法与多属性决策方法的结合,有效解决高维多目标优化问题,为油田注水泵站优化运行提供了理论支持和实践指导。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.12.011
  • 接收时间:2025-04-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2025-12-31
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21
  • 修回日期:2025-10-25
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    东北石油大学 机械科学与工程学院,黑龙江 大庆 163000

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王妍(1980),女,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事系统优化与控制、石油装备机电一体化的研究,通信地址:163000黑龙省大庆市高新技术产业开发区学府街99号东北石油大学机械科学与工程学院,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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