Article(id=1319294715774750952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319294714340291556, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756224000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-27, revisedDate=1761321600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473971550, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1764432000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473971550, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473971550, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473971550, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319294714340291556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764432000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473971208, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473971208, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=34, endPage=43, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319294715955106025, articleId=1319294715774750952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=A review of enhanced heat transfer characteristics and industrial applications of anti‑vibration twisted oval tube heat exchangers, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to its advantages in enhanced heat transfer,the twisted oval tube heat exchanger has found certain applications in numerous industrial fields,including petroleum,chemical engineering,and electric power.Centering on its unique heat transfer and flow characteristics inside and outside the tubes,relevant researchers have carried out extensive studies.However,existing studies have failed to comprehensively elaborate on the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement,and there is a remarkable deficiency in summarizing its anti‑vibration performance.To address these gaps,this paper systematically reviews the research progress in the heat transfer and flow characteristics inside and outside the tubes of this heat exchanger,focuses on analyzing the key factors affecting its performance as well as the fluid‑induced vibration mechanism,and further summarizes and comments on the existing anti‑vibration methods and technologies.Results show that,by virtue of its unique advantages,this heat exchanger can achieve an actual energy‑saving effect of 20%~50% in its latest engineering applications,which provides theoretical support and practical reference for the in‑depth research and engineering optimization design of this new‑type heat exchanger.Finally,this paper puts forward the scientific and technical challenges that need to be solved in current research and presents an outlook on future research directions.

, authors=Shijie LIU1, 2, 3, Yidi SUN1, 2, 3, Zhou YE2, 3, Dongsheng ZHU1, 2, 3, authorsList=Shijie LIU, Yidi SUN, Zhou YE, Dongsheng ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319294718899507444, articleId=1319294715774750952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=安全抗振螺旋扁管换热器传热强化特性及工业应用进展, columnId=1317484296202474195, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=技术进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

螺旋扁管换热器凭借其强化传热优势,已在石油、化工、电力等诸多工业领域获得一定应用。围绕其独特的管内外传热与流动特性,研究者人员已开展了较为广泛的研究。针对螺旋扁管换热器现有研究中传热强化机理阐述不够全面,特别是抗振动性能总结明显不足的问题,本文系统梳理了螺旋扁管换热器管内外传热与流动特性的研究进展,重点分析了影响其性能的关键因素及流体诱导振动机理,并归纳评述了现有的抗振方法与技术。结果表明,螺旋扁管换热器凭借独特的优势,在最新工程应用中可实现20%~50%的实际节能效果,为该新型换热器的深入研究和工程优化设计提供理论支撑与实践参考。最后,提出了当前研究还需解决的科学和技术挑战,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

, authors=刘世杰1, 2, 3, 孙依地1, 2, 3, 叶周2, 3, 朱冬生1, 2, 3, authorsList=刘世杰, 孙依地, 叶周, 朱冬生, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

刘世杰(1989),男,硕士,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要从事高效传热技术与节能低碳装备研究工作,通信地址:510640广东省广州市天河区五山街道中国科学院广州能源研究所,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=KsNelaEGilo23n0CjrQWrw==, magXml=244mikZGDyfSUV8A2svl/A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jt4n48ZI2WUzC8TfNx9Brw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=MGxeNekkqk7UvaMlJkfPZA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319294720111661311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liushijie@ms.giec.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319294720208130307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, authorId=1319294720111661311, language=EN, stringName=Shijie LIU, firstName=Shijie, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1School of Energy Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Guangzhou 510640,China
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刘世杰(1989),男,硕士,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要从事高效传热技术与节能低碳装备研究工作,通信地址:510640广东省广州市天河区五山街道中国科学院广州能源研究所,E-mail:。

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刘世杰(1989),男,硕士,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要从事高效传热技术与节能低碳装备研究工作,通信地址:510640广东省广州市天河区五山街道中国科学院广州能源研究所,E-mail:。

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issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU S J,MO X,TU A M,et al.Shell‑side heat transfer enhancement of a novel longitudinal flow oil cooler[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2022,41(7):3475-3482., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319294734078693755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=莫逊,张丽芳,刘世杰,等.三维螺旋曲面管的冲蚀率及传热性能[J].洁净煤技术,2023,29(增刊2):360-369., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319294734154191228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, 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and heat exchanger tube, figureFileSmall=9oXvfQEq+EyHaMAtPf5jnA==, figureFileBig=E+zF/aLA0SVUuFdHYMqjtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319294724993831211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, language=CN, label=图4, caption=折流杆与换热管支撑示意, figureFileSmall=9oXvfQEq+EyHaMAtPf5jnA==, figureFileBig=E+zF/aLA0SVUuFdHYMqjtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319294725073522988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Geometric model of the helical corrugated tube, figureFileSmall=ZXStF82jqDSg5+NoOZoxhw==, figureFileBig=h1TRtY0Y+OtEsYoMeEbZqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319294725149020461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, language=CN, label=图5, caption=螺旋波纹管的几何模型, figureFileSmall=ZXStF82jqDSg5+NoOZoxhw==, figureFileBig=h1TRtY0Y+OtEsYoMeEbZqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319294725211935022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Correlation and applicable range of heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics in twisted oval tubes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算公式适用工况文献来源
Nu=0.022 3(b/a)0.373 6(P/dh)-0.161 7Re0.821 5f=0.864 7(b/a)0.578 9P/dh-0.485 2Re-0.262 8 104<Re<5×1041.65<b/a<3.1111.49<P/dh<19.84文献[25]
Nu=0.034(a/b)-0.590(S/de)-0.165Re0.784Pr0.333f=4.572(a/b)0.334(S/de)-0.082Re-0.521 5 000<Re<20 0006.0<Pr<7.5文献[26]
Nu=0.820 8(1-b/a)0.909 1(S/de)-0.263 3Re0.374 3Pr0.660 5f Re=64+18.69Re0.831 2(1-b/a)2.173 2(S/de)-1.254 8 500<Re<1 50010<Pr<100文献[27]
Nu=0.349 6(b/a)0.490(S/de)-0.394Re0.615Pr1/3f=1.529(b/a)1.686(S/de)-0.366Re-0.350 600<Re<55 000文献[28]
Nu=1.506 18(b/a)-1.122 52(S/de)-0.323 67Re0.518 25Pr-1.244 46Nu=0.714 97(b/a)-0.762 12(S/de)-0.333 93Re0.077 77Pr-1.039 74 600<Re<55 000文献[29]
Nu=0.396(St/dt)0.519(St/de)0.161Re0.544Pr0.33 1 000<Re<17 000文献[30]
), ArticleFig(id=1319294725300015407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

螺旋扁管管内传热与流动阻力特性关联式及适用范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算公式适用工况文献来源
Nu=0.022 3(b/a)0.373 6(P/dh)-0.161 7Re0.821 5f=0.864 7(b/a)0.578 9P/dh-0.485 2Re-0.262 8 104<Re<5×1041.65<b/a<3.1111.49<P/dh<19.84文献[25]
Nu=0.034(a/b)-0.590(S/de)-0.165Re0.784Pr0.333f=4.572(a/b)0.334(S/de)-0.082Re-0.521 5 000<Re<20 0006.0<Pr<7.5文献[26]
Nu=0.820 8(1-b/a)0.909 1(S/de)-0.263 3Re0.374 3Pr0.660 5f Re=64+18.69Re0.831 2(1-b/a)2.173 2(S/de)-1.254 8 500<Re<1 50010<Pr<100文献[27]
Nu=0.349 6(b/a)0.490(S/de)-0.394Re0.615Pr1/3f=1.529(b/a)1.686(S/de)-0.366Re-0.350 600<Re<55 000文献[28]
Nu=1.506 18(b/a)-1.122 52(S/de)-0.323 67Re0.518 25Pr-1.244 46Nu=0.714 97(b/a)-0.762 12(S/de)-0.333 93Re0.077 77Pr-1.039 74 600<Re<55 000文献[29]
Nu=0.396(St/dt)0.519(St/de)0.161Re0.544Pr0.33 1 000<Re<17 000文献[30]
), ArticleFig(id=1319294725388095792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Correlations for calculating external Nusselt number (Nu) and their applicable ranges

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算公式适用工况文献来源
Nu=0.223 9(b/a)0.786 7(P/dh)-0.604Re0.722 7f=7.778(b/a)2.664 7(P/dh)-1.920 3Re-0.197 8 5×103<Re<2.5×1047.19<P/dh<20.131.51<b/a<2.80文献[25]
Nu=0.139(b/a)0.947(S/de)-0.007 5Re0.587Pr0.215f=92.831(b/a)1.063(S/de)-1.049Re-0.645 600<Re<55 000文献[28]
Nu=0.237 9(St2dtde)-0.434 7[1+3.6(St2dtde)-0.357]Re0.760 2Pr0.33f=9.461(St2dtde)0.078[1+3.6(St2dtde)-0.357]Re-0.492 8 1 000<ReNu<9 0001 000<Ref<10 000文献[30]
Nu=0.048Re0.705 6Pr0.33f=18.16Re-0.648 8 50<Re<600,Pr=38050<Re<600文献[33]
), ArticleFig(id=1319294725476176177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294715774750952, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

计算管外Nu的公式及适用范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算公式适用工况文献来源
Nu=0.223 9(b/a)0.786 7(P/dh)-0.604Re0.722 7f=7.778(b/a)2.664 7(P/dh)-1.920 3Re-0.197 8 5×103<Re<2.5×1047.19<P/dh<20.131.51<b/a<2.80文献[25]
Nu=0.139(b/a)0.947(S/de)-0.007 5Re0.587Pr0.215f=92.831(b/a)1.063(S/de)-1.049Re-0.645 600<Re<55 000文献[28]
Nu=0.237 9(St2dtde)-0.434 7[1+3.6(St2dtde)-0.357]Re0.760 2Pr0.33f=9.461(St2dtde)0.078[1+3.6(St2dtde)-0.357]Re-0.492 8 1 000<ReNu<9 0001 000<Ref<10 000文献[30]
Nu=0.048Re0.705 6Pr0.33f=18.16Re-0.648 8 50<Re<600,Pr=38050<Re<600文献[33]
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安全抗振螺旋扁管换热器传热强化特性及工业应用进展
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刘世杰 1, 2, 3 , 孙依地 1, 2, 3 , 叶周 2, 3 , 朱冬生 1, 2, 3
流体机械 | 技术进展 2025,53(11): 34-43
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流体机械 |技术进展 2025 , 53 (11) : 34 -43
安全抗振螺旋扁管换热器传热强化特性及工业应用进展
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刘世杰(1989),男,硕士,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要从事高效传热技术与节能低碳装备研究工作,通信地址:510640广东省广州市天河区五山街道中国科学院广州能源研究所,E-mail:。

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刘世杰(1989),男,硕士,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要从事高效传热技术与节能低碳装备研究工作,通信地址:510640广东省广州市天河区五山街道中国科学院广州能源研究所,E-mail:。

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刘世杰1, 2, 3 , 孙依地1, 2, 3, 叶周2, 3, 朱冬生1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1中国科学技术大学 能源科学与技术学院,广州 510640
  • 2中国科学院 广州能源研究所,广州 510640
  • 3广东省可再生能源重点实验室,广州 510640
作者简介:

刘世杰(1989),男,硕士,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要从事高效传热技术与节能低碳装备研究工作,通信地址:510640广东省广州市天河区五山街道中国科学院广州能源研究所,E-mail:。

A review of enhanced heat transfer characteristics and industrial applications of anti‑vibration twisted oval tube heat exchangers
Shijie LIU1, 2, 3 , Yidi SUN1, 2, 3, Zhou YE2, 3, Dongsheng ZHU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Energy Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Guangzhou 510640,China
  • 2Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China
  • 3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy,Guangzhou 510640,China
出版时间: 2025-11-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.005
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螺旋扁管换热器凭借其强化传热优势,已在石油、化工、电力等诸多工业领域获得一定应用。围绕其独特的管内外传热与流动特性,研究者人员已开展了较为广泛的研究。针对螺旋扁管换热器现有研究中传热强化机理阐述不够全面,特别是抗振动性能总结明显不足的问题,本文系统梳理了螺旋扁管换热器管内外传热与流动特性的研究进展,重点分析了影响其性能的关键因素及流体诱导振动机理,并归纳评述了现有的抗振方法与技术。结果表明,螺旋扁管换热器凭借独特的优势,在最新工程应用中可实现20%~50%的实际节能效果,为该新型换热器的深入研究和工程优化设计提供理论支撑与实践参考。最后,提出了当前研究还需解决的科学和技术挑战,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

螺旋扁管换热器  /  抗振性能  /  强化传热  /  工业应用

Due to its advantages in enhanced heat transfer,the twisted oval tube heat exchanger has found certain applications in numerous industrial fields,including petroleum,chemical engineering,and electric power.Centering on its unique heat transfer and flow characteristics inside and outside the tubes,relevant researchers have carried out extensive studies.However,existing studies have failed to comprehensively elaborate on the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement,and there is a remarkable deficiency in summarizing its anti‑vibration performance.To address these gaps,this paper systematically reviews the research progress in the heat transfer and flow characteristics inside and outside the tubes of this heat exchanger,focuses on analyzing the key factors affecting its performance as well as the fluid‑induced vibration mechanism,and further summarizes and comments on the existing anti‑vibration methods and technologies.Results show that,by virtue of its unique advantages,this heat exchanger can achieve an actual energy‑saving effect of 20%~50% in its latest engineering applications,which provides theoretical support and practical reference for the in‑depth research and engineering optimization design of this new‑type heat exchanger.Finally,this paper puts forward the scientific and technical challenges that need to be solved in current research and presents an outlook on future research directions.

twisted oval tube heat exchanger  /  anti‑vibration performance  /  enhanced heat transfer  /  industrial application
刘世杰, 孙依地, 叶周, 朱冬生. 安全抗振螺旋扁管换热器传热强化特性及工业应用进展. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (11) : 34 -43 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.005
Shijie LIU, Yidi SUN, Zhou YE, Dongsheng ZHU. A review of enhanced heat transfer characteristics and industrial applications of anti‑vibration twisted oval tube heat exchangers[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (11) : 34 -43 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.005
化石燃料使用效率低,无法避免地造成相对更多的环境污染[1],而在短期内新能源无法完全取代化石燃料,故提高能源的利用效率是降低环境污染较为可行的方法。目前,中国工业能耗中50%为热量消耗[2],由此可见,提高换热过程中的效率对于能源利用率的提升有着重要的作用。管壳式换热器具有良好的可靠性,在高温、高压下仍有着较好的稳定性,因此,在目前的工业生产中,是使用最为广泛的一种换热器。管壳式换热器的研发方向中,以下方面仍有着可以继续深化研究的空间[3-4]:(1)体积优化;(2)换热管形状创新;(3)管内外传热机理的深入研究;(4)耐腐蚀性提升。常见的被动强化传热手段包括使用扩展表面、粗糙表面、管内插入件[5-7]、异形管及添加纳米流体等。螺旋扁管换热器外形如图1所示,其作为一种被动强化传热技术[8-10],优势主要体现在:(1)强化管内二次流,减薄传热边界层,强化管内传热效果[11];(2)强化管外螺旋流,增加了流体与换热面的接触,提升了管外传热性能[12];(3)同等压降下其综合传热性能优势明显[13];(4)纯逆流模式从根本上抑制了流致振动,提升设备运行的可靠性[12]。
近年来,研究人员通过试验和模拟的方法,对螺旋扁管换热器的管内外传热和流动特性展开了大量的研究,并将其广泛地应用于石油、化工、电厂等领域。虽然已有研究者对螺旋扁管的技术特性进行了阐述,但对于更深入的传热和流动机理的研究梳理仍不够充分,并且在抗振动性能方面的相关文献仍然存在一定的空缺。本文基于已有的相关文献,探讨影响螺旋扁管的管内外传热和流动特性的诸多因素,提出针对提升螺旋扁管抗振动性能的可行方法,并介绍螺旋扁管换热器在工程应用中的实际效果,总结目前螺旋扁管研究中仍然存在的问题,对螺旋扁管换热器未来的研究方向进行了展望。
目前,对于螺旋扁管换热器管内的换热机理还没有较为统一的认识,多数研究者选择采用将数值模拟结果与场协同理论相结合的方法来阐述其换热机理。LUO等[14]研究认为,流体在螺旋扁管内流动时,连续扭曲的管壁诱导出强烈的二次流是其强化传热的根本原因。AZIZI等[15]与ABDELMAGIED等[16]研究表明,流体在扭曲通道内受离心力作用,会形成一对或多对反向旋转的“迪恩涡”,其持续地将管道核心区与壁面附近的流体进行径向掺混,从而有效削薄了作为主要热阻的热边界层,显著提高了对流传热系数。此外,螺旋结构还带来两大协同优势:一方面,管壁的周期性扭转可持续中断并“重置”热边界层的发展,使其无法沿程增厚,从而维持了全程较高的局部传热效率[8];另一方面,强烈的扰动使流动更早地从层流转捩为湍流(Re可低至500)[17]。这些综合效应使得螺旋扁管在低流速、高黏度流体的传热应用中尤为高效。HALAWA等[18]研究显示,扭曲效应对于水动力边界层和热边界层的生长有破坏作用,使得温度、速度及湍流动能的分布优于传统圆形截面的换热管。王雨婷等[19]研究发现,在其他条件相同时,螺旋扁管换热器需要足够的有效换热长度,才能发挥其在换热方面的优势。
除了开展机理研究外,研究人员还探究了不同管型和几何参数对管内传热和流动特性的影响,并按照不同的工况,获得了相应的关联式。传热和流动性能高度依赖于扭曲比和截面扁平率这两个关键控制参数。大量研究表明,扭曲比越小,诱导出的二次流越强,传热系数越高[7]。然而,强烈的二次流也意味着更大的流动阻力[8]。为了综合评估其性能,研究中广泛采用性能评价准则,即在相同泵功耗下比较传热量的增益,用以寻找最优的扭曲比范围[9]。相关研究指出,增大扁平率(即截面更扁)会迫使二次流涡旋在更狭长的空间内运动,从而增强其强度和对边界层的冲刷作用,引起传热系数提高[10]。DONG等[11]通过试验,验证了螺旋扁管换热器在低雷诺数下的适用性。TANG等[13]的模拟结果显示,在管外流动为横向时,扭转角为80°~120°对传热效果的提升最为明显。周西文等[20]研究表明,在相同条件下,不同管型的管内对流传热系数由高到低分别为扭曲三角管>扭曲矩形管>扭曲椭圆管>扭曲方形管>普通圆管,但螺旋扁管流阻提升最低。DI等[21]研究发现,在一定程度下,椭圆比a/b的增加有利于提升螺旋扁管内的湍流程度,从而提升换热效果,但会带来压降的提升。TUTWILER等[22]研究表明,低普朗特数下螺旋扁管换热器的强化传热效果需要与实际工况匹配,否则会出现压降骤升的问题。LIU等[23]研究了Re为13 000~110 000时,扭曲椭圆管的传热和流动特性,拟合了相关关系式,以验证蒸汽再压缩技术(mechanical vapor recompression,MVR)系统中应用扭曲椭圆管蒸发器的可行性。刘世杰等[24]研究表明,在相同雷诺数下,螺旋扁管截面长短轴之比越大,扭曲管的扭距越小,传热系数越高。螺旋扁管通过二次流等机制强化管内传热,尤其适用于层流及低雷诺数工况,具有节能潜力。然而,不同机制的主导作用尚不明确,且现有经验关联式精度与普适性不足,限制了工程应用,仍需发展高精度预测模型。
表1列出国内外研究者在针对螺旋扁管管内传热及流动特性的研究中,拟合得到的具有代表性的关系式。其中,Nu为管内努塞尔数;f为管内的阻力系数;b/a为换热管截面短长轴之比;S/de为螺旋扁管的扭曲比;d为螺旋扁管压扁扭曲前的圆管直径;Re,Pr分别为雷诺数和普朗特数。
表1所列关系式为螺旋扁管换热器的设计与开发提供了一定的参考价值。但是,目前采用表中不同关联式进行计算时,往往出现偏差较大的问题,有时甚至达到±100%以上。这是因为目前的拟合关联式通常采用特定的管型,还缺乏全面且系统的研究。从表1中还可以看出,这些传热与流动阻力特性关联式多数都是基于Re=500~60 000的工况,需要开展更高/更低雷诺数下的深入探究,这将有助于将螺旋扁管应用于其他特殊工质(如润滑油、气液混合物、烟气等)的工况,进一步拓宽螺旋扁管管内的应用前景和未来研究方向。另外,目前对于管内流动的具体形态研究仍然较少,多数研究者都是通过模拟的手段来研究管内的流动情况,随着新的流动可视化技术的出现,研究人员可考虑利用该技术来观测螺旋扁管的管内流体流动状况,并进一步探究其流动机理。
与传统折流板换热器中壳程流体被迫反复横向冲刷管束的“之”字形流动完全不同,螺旋扁管壳程换热器取消了折流板,管束本身形成通道,引导壳程流体沿管束轴向呈平滑的纵向螺旋流,其沿着螺旋线在扭曲椭圆管的方向上扭曲形成,使流体产生旋转流动和更多的小尺度涡,从而带来更强的混合流和更明显的二次流,减小边界层厚度,提高传热系数[31]。
图2[32]示出螺旋扁管换热器与圆直管换热器的管外流动的对比,可以清晰地看到壳程二次流的差别。这种流动模式的流动阻力主要来源于沿程摩擦[10],因此,在实现同等换热量的前提下,其壳程压降通常只有折流板换热器的1/5~1/3,甚至更低[15]。相关研究人员通过数值模拟的手段,探究了管束排列方式及几何参数对壳程传热和流动性能的影响,并获得了一些具有代表性的传热和流动特性的关系式。AHMED等[5]的研究显示,使用螺旋扁管和纳米流体时,壳程的综合性能得到了进一步的提升,表明螺旋扁管与纳米流体的优势可以良好地叠加。DONG等[11]研究发现,螺旋扁管换热器的管外传热系数小于螺旋槽管和圆直换热管,但在对比管外努塞尔数Nu与管外流动阻力f的比值Nu/f时,螺旋扁管换热器有着明显优势。LI等[12]研究表明,提高长短轴之比和适当降低扭曲节距,有助于提升螺旋扁管换热器管外的传热性能,但会带来管外压降的提升。
GU等[31]研究了异旋螺旋扁管的壳程传热与流动特性,其壳侧流态为顺流,在不增加制造成本的前提下提高了传热能力,弥补了对异旋排布研究的空缺(螺旋扁管异旋排列见图3,可以清晰地看到其相邻两根换热管的扭转方向明显不同)。黄昕晨等[32]研究了掺烧了生物质的锅炉烟气对流换热过程,验证了螺旋扁管换热器在新型烟气余热深度回收冷凝装置中应用的可行性。LIU等[33]研究发现,相同管外流体体积流量下,螺旋扁管油冷却器的管外油侧传热系数小于传统的圆管换热器,表明螺旋扁管换热器壳程在低Re下换热效果不佳。MO等[34]研究表明,提升螺旋扁管的长短轴之比时,传热性能的提升率远远大于管外压降的提升率。DUAN等[35]研究发现,管束的排布方式(管心距)对壳程性能有重要影响,合理的管心距可以在相同条件下使壳程Nu最大化。LUO等[14]提出了由内外两根反向扭曲的椭圆管构成环空通道的新结构,内外壁面反向旋转的几何特征,产生了比单侧螺旋扁管更为强烈的剪切和涡旋运动,带来了显著的传热系数提升。壳程纵向螺旋流带来的低阻力是螺旋扁管重要的节能优势,特别适用于气体或大流量工况。管束排布对其性能影响显著,但壳程流动的复杂性使得研究多依赖CFD,仍需更全面的试验数据验证模拟结果。
表2列出国内外学者研究得到的不同使用条件下的壳程传热和流动阻力计算关联式,其中,P/dh和S/de为螺旋扁管的扭曲比。表中所列公式可为螺旋扁管换热器的管外传热和流动特性的研究提供参考。
从表2可以看出,目前螺旋扁管在高雷诺数、两相流工况下有少量实际的应用案例,但是针对其壳程在这些工况下的深入研究仍较少。因此,对其壳程在不同工况下的适应性开展进一步探究,有助于将螺旋扁管应用在气-气换热、两相流换热及高雷诺数流体换热领域中。螺旋扁管的独特结构导致很难通过在壳程中增加其他结构来提升壳程换热系数,进一步探究螺旋扁管的旋转方向、管间距、扭距及壳体形状等对壳程传热机理的影响,以此来提升壳程换热系数是较为可行的路径。
两相流与相变传热是自然界与工业工程领域中普遍存在的现象,在动力工程、石油化工、核反应堆、空调制冷及航空航天等关键行业中扮演着核心角色[10]。两相流通常伴随着多变的流动形态(流型)、强烈的相间作用,以及可能引发设备失效的流动不稳定性与剧烈振动[36-37]。传统管壳式换热器由两相流中的段塞流引发的剧烈振动,是导致设备疲劳损伤和意外停机的重大隐患。ZHENG等[38]研究表明,段塞流是所有流型中对管道系统最具破坏性的激励源。在传统换热器的壳程流动中,折流板的急剧转向和节流效应极易在拐角处造成气液相的局部聚集或分离,导致流场分布不均,降低传热效率,并可能引发流动不稳定性[39]。螺旋扁管换热器管内二次流削弱了段塞流等强振动源,其高刚性自支撑结构能够有效抵抗动态冲击,在应对两相流复杂挑战方面具有巨大的应用潜力[15]。
螺旋扁管在冷凝应用中的核心优势在于其对冷凝液膜的有效管理,其扭曲的非圆形截面能利用重力与表面张力,将冷凝液汇集并沿“棱线”快速排出,使得大部分换热表面维持在高效的薄膜冷凝状态,显著提升了传热系数。尹应德等[40]研究发现,螺旋扁管产生的离心力强化了液体制冷剂与管壁的接触,加速了传热;其螺旋剪切作用减薄液膜厚度,降低液膜热阻。
螺旋扁管在蒸发应用中的核心优势在于对临界热流密度的提升。林成迪等[4]研究发现,水在螺旋扁管内的降膜蒸发过程中,其液膜分布相对圆管更为均匀,且伴随着周期性的变化规律。DI等[41]研究表明,螺旋扁管换热器核心机理在于涡旋能加速壁面生成的气泡脱离,避免局部过热,并强化了气液相间混合,使得管内气泡尺寸更小、空泡份额增长更缓。螺旋扁管在理论上能大幅提高沸腾传热的安全上限——临界热流密度(CHF),具有重要价值。此外,LIU等[23]研究发现,螺旋扁管壳程独特的纵向螺旋流场具有出色的吹扫作用,蒸汽剪切力、离心力和重力的多重协同作用加速了冷凝液膜的去除,从而增强了垂直螺旋扁管管外的冷凝传热。螺旋扁管在冷凝和蒸发/沸腾方面展现出独特优势,潜力巨大。然而,针对不同流型、不同工质下的相变传热基础过程及其预测模型的研究仍有待深入。
随着技术的进步和工业生产的大型化,换热器中流体流速不断提高,使得管束间距增大而带来的流致振动问题愈发明显[33]。流致振动不仅会产生巨大噪音,长期的振动导致换热管与支撑结构间发生的微小磨损和交变应力会引起疲劳断裂,可能会导致生产安全事故[36]。
螺旋扁管换热器通过对壳程流场的构建和管束支撑结构的创新,成功地从机理上最大限度地抑制了流致振动的发生[37]。螺旋扁管式换热器的核心在于取消了传统的节段式折流板,壳程流体不按照“之”字形反复径向冲刷管束,而是沿着管束轴向形成平滑的轴向螺旋流,与管子表面基本保持平行,降低了发生涡激共振的可能性。同时,由于折流板这一结构的减少,消除了流动“死区”,避免了局部高流速和强湍流引起的剧烈抖振[42]。
螺旋扁管通过自支撑的结构,管子之间可以通过相互接触紧密支撑,形成无需外部支撑原件、高度集成的网状集成结构。这种结构的优势在于每根换热管都拥有连续的多点支撑。根据换热管固有频率的计算方法,管子的固有频率fn与管子的无支撑距离l的平方成反比(fn∝1/l2),螺旋扁管由于独特的多点自支撑属性,其无支持距离大大缩小,整个管束的固有频率大幅提升,从而降低了发生宏观振动的可能性。在组装时,通常还会采用绑带对管束进行捆绑,进一步提升了管束的刚性,避免了共振的出现。
螺旋扁管换热器的抗振特性已在工业中得到应用。LIU等[43]在针对中国石化延迟焦化装置的压缩机中间冷却器改造项目中,将原有的传统换热器替换为设计优化的螺旋扁管换热器后,原设备存在剧烈的管束振动和巨大噪音问题被彻底消除,证明了该技术卓越的抗振动性能和安全性,同时带来了综合效益提升,总传热系数提高了87.8%,而换热面积和气体侧压降则分别降低了37.4%和36.9%。
目前,针对螺旋扁管换热器防振的研究相对较少,对于螺旋扁管换热器的分析,可以参考其他不同种类结构类似的换热管振动分析。折流杆式换热器的换热管依靠折流杆进行点支撑,也拥有相对较小的换热管最大无支撑距离。图4[44]示出折流杆换热器中,折流杆与换热管的支撑示意,可以看出其跨距较短、依靠点支撑的特点,与螺旋扁管的自支撑效果类似,在进行螺旋扁管换热器换热管振动分析时可以参考折流杆换热器。吴昊等[44]通过数值模拟得到折流杆换热器内的流场速度与温度分布,并通过有限元方法计算了管束的固有频率,结合GB/T 151—2014《热交换器》,建立了针对折流杆换热器管束的振动分析体系。谭蔚等[45]采用数值模拟方法,分析了不同位置折流杆支撑失效对换热管固有频率的影响,相同的思路可以用于螺旋扁管单根换热管失效时其他换热管的振动分析。
潘闯[46]使用商业软件SolidWorks对螺旋波纹管(其几何模型如图5[42]所示,与螺旋扁管的外形具有较高的相似度)管束建立模型,并利用Workbench平台内的Modal模态分析软件对螺旋波纹管进行了模态分析,研究了螺旋波纹管的几何特性对其振动特性的影响。在固有频率分析中,可尝试将螺旋扁管近似为长直管。YUE等[47]使用Ansys等商业软件进行仿真计算,在设计时通过将管束固有频率与流体激振频率错开以避免发生共振。
螺旋扁管的结构和流型赋予其内在的抗振优势,工程案例已证实这一效果。但目前对螺旋扁管振动特性的研究多为定性或借鉴,缺乏针对其自身特点的系统性定量分析和验证,限制了其在抗振要求更严格领域的应用。
螺旋扁管换热器早期主要应用于炼油领域[9-10]。近年来,该型换热器的工业化进程呈现明显的领域迁移特征,国内对螺旋扁管换热器在制冷、电力、建筑等其他领域的应用实践进行了研究报道。这些应用不仅验证了其强化传热和抗振动的优势,更凸显了其显著的节能特性。螺旋扁管换热器在气-气换热中有着良好的表现,在新风领域有着应用的可行性。王雨婷等[19]开发了一种以螺旋扁管作为管束、塑料外壳作为壳体的能量回收系统,在该设计中,室内排风走管程,新鲜空气走壳程,从而在送入新风前对其进行预冷或预热,大幅节约了空调制冷所需的电能,在空调新风系统的能量回收应用中具有巨大潜力。LIU等[43]在对某石化厂延迟焦化装置进行改造的项目中,将原弓形折流板中冷器更换为新型扭曲椭圆管中冷器,解决了原折流板中冷器管束振动和噪声大的问题,总传热系数提高了87.8%,壳程气体压降下降36.9%,减少了压缩机功耗。
新能源公交车采用开窗方式来保证车厢内部的通风和环境卫生安全,大幅提升空调系统运行功耗。叶周等[48]利用螺旋扁管换热器,设计了一种巴士用节能系统,温度交换效率可达60%~70%,在夏季可为新能源公交车节约制冷能耗20%~30%,节能效果显著。
LIU等[23]将螺旋扁管蒸发器应用于MVR高盐废水处理系统,并进行了工业现场试验,结果表明,该新型MVR系统运行稳定可靠,比采用传统圆管蒸发器的MVR系统节能45.2%,经济效益突出。刘世杰等[49]提出一种新型扭曲三叶管纵流油冷却器强化传热方案,结果表明,新型扭曲三叶管的综合传热性能(h/Δp)比螺旋扁管高40.1%~65.7%,在低雷诺数的高黏度油冷却工况下,螺旋扁管相较于传统圆管,其通过强化传热减少了所需的换热面积或降低泵送功耗,从而实现节能的优势。莫逊等[50]利用螺旋扁管独特的传热和流动特性,有效降低了燃煤锅炉烟气造成的严重冲蚀破坏,试验结果表明,其降低了冲蚀角,冲蚀率沿长度方向逐步降低。螺旋扁管换热器凭借其强化传热和低流动阻力的特点,在各类工业应用中展现出优异的节能潜力。实际应用案例表明,螺旋扁管换热器通常可实现20%~50%范围内的节能效果,为工业过程的节能降耗提供了有效的技术途径。
(1)国内外研究者对螺旋扁管换热器的管内外传热和流动性能开展了广泛的研究,其中,通过仿真与模拟探究其传热与流动特性较多,而通过可视化手段研究流动的传热规律和二次流形成演化规律的较少;对于较高雷诺数和较低雷诺数工况下的研究目前较少,使得螺旋扁管这一技术的推广与应用存在着一定的局限性。
(2)螺旋扁管良好的抗振性能被诸多国内外学者所应用,但对于其抗振性能的定量分析还相对较少,以至于目前无法更广泛地应用于抗振动领域。可以参考与其结构和外形相似的换热器分析方法,采用流固耦合和试验等手段进行进一步的抗振动分析。
(3)由于螺旋扁管自身特殊的结构,其在两相流工况下拥有出色的性能。目前已有少部分研究对其两相流工况下的性能进行了分析,但针对气-固、固-液等工况下的研究仍然较少,且对于气-液工况下的研究仍不够充分,进一步推进螺旋扁管在蒸发和冷凝换热中的性能研究,有助于其在工业实践中更广泛的应用。
(4)为进一步推动螺旋扁管换热器技术的深化,研究重点在于借助先进的试验技术与高精度的数值模拟,精细化揭示螺旋扁管在单相、多相流过程中的复杂流动与传热机理,例如二次流结构、边界层演化、相界面行为等关键现象,并定量化评估其抗振动特性,特别是流固耦合响应。在此基础上,发展更具普适性和高精度的热工水力与振动预测模型、经验关联式或基于人工智能的预测方法,为换热器的精确设计和优化提供可靠的理论支撑。
(5)未来对螺旋扁管的应用应当系统地考察其在更宽泛工况范围下的性能表现,涵盖超高/低雷诺数、超临界压力等条件,并拓展其在特殊介质中的应用潜力,例如非牛顿流体、多相悬浮流、新型工质等。同时,亟需关注其长期运行可靠性,深入研究结垢、腐蚀、冲蚀行为及相应的运维技术。结合新材料、先进制造工艺与智能优化算法,面向新兴应用领域,如新能源汽车热管理、数据中心冷却、氢能、碳捕集等,积极开展多目标优化设计与技术经济性评估,以加速其在节能降碳背景下的工程化应用和产业化推广。

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2025年第53卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.005
  • 接收时间:2025-08-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-27
  • 修回日期:2025-10-25
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    1中国科学技术大学 能源科学与技术学院,广州 510640
    2中国科学院 广州能源研究所,广州 510640
    3广东省可再生能源重点实验室,广州 510640
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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