Article(id=1319294734762365309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319294714340291556, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753113600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-22, revisedDate=1760457600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473976078, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1764432000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473976078, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473976078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473976078, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319294714340291556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764432000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473971208, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473971208, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319294736536555902, articleId=1319294734762365309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Experimental study on flow and heat transfer of LNG high‑pressure vaporizer, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issues of insufficient heat transfer capacity and operational instability during the operation of high‑pressure vaporizers,the core equipment of ship fuel gas supply systems,an anti‑icing ultra‑supercritical LNG high‑pressure vaporizer with a cold‑to‑hot plate distribution ratio of 1:3 was designed.A test facility for studying the heat transfer and flow performance of supercritical nitrogen-50% ethylene glycol water solution (50% EGW) was constructed.The effects of cold and hot side inlet flow rates on heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics were investigated,and the freezing risk during operation was dynamically assessed.The experimental results show that when the supercritical nitrogen inlet flow rate increased from 400 kg/h to 1 000 kg/h,the maximum temperature drop at the hot side outlet reached 5.93 ℃,while the average heat transfer capacity and overall heat transfer coefficient increased by 147.3% and 246.9%,respectively.Concurrently,the total pressure drop on the supercritical nitrogen side increased by 160 kPa (a 57% rise in friction factor).In contrast,when the 50% EGW flow rate varied within the range of 10 669~17 071 kg/h,the heat transfer capacity remained stable,with the friction factor increasing by only 5.7%.When the hot side fluid of the high‑pressure vaporizer approached the freezing state,the heat transfer performance deteriorated significantly.This study reveals the heat transfer enhancement mechanisms and flow resistance evolution laws of high‑pressure vaporizers under supercritical conditions,providing a theoretical basis and data support for the structural optimization and anti‑icing design of high‑pressure vaporizers.

, authors=Dandan DONG1, Yongdong CHEN1, Gaige YU1, 2, Xiaogen LIU1, Bingchuan HAN1, authorsList=Dandan DONG, Yongdong CHEN, Gaige YU, Xiaogen LIU, Bingchuan HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yongdong CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319294738587570577, articleId=1319294734762365309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=LNG高压气化器流动传热试验研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对船舶燃料气体供应系统核心设备高压气化器,在运行过程中传热能力不足及运行不稳定的问题,设计了一种冷/热板片为1∶3分布的防冰冻型超临界LNG高压气化器,构建超临界氮气-50%乙二醇水溶液(50%EGW)传热与流动性能测试装置,研究了冷、热侧入口流量对换热及流阻特性的影响规律,并动态评估了运行过程中的冻结风险。试验结果表明:当超临界氮气入口流量从400 kg/h增至1 000 kg/h时,热侧出口温度最大降幅达5.93 ℃,平均换热量与总换热系数分别提升147.3%和246.9%,同时超临界氮气侧总压降增加160 kPa(摩擦因子增幅57%);而50%EGW流量在10 669~17 071 kg/h区间变化时,换热能力保持稳定,其摩擦因子仅增加5.7%。当高压气化器热侧流体接近冻结状态时,传热性能显著恶化。研究揭示了高压气化器在超临界工况下的传热强化机制与流动阻力演化规律,可为高压气化器的结构优化与防冰冻设计提供理论依据和数据支撑。

, authors=董丹丹1, 陈永东1, 于改革1, 2, 刘孝根1, 韩冰川1, authorsList=董丹丹, 陈永东, 于改革, 刘孝根, 韩冰川, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈永东, authorNote=

董丹丹(1992),女,工程师,主要从事传热与流动数值模拟、传热与流动试验平台设计等工作,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈永东(1968),男,教授级高工,副总工程师,主要从事石油、化工、天然气等领域换热设备的传热工艺研究与结构设计开发等方面的研究,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市蜀山区长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=GcFJkFiA3+xAVf0fQ9OjbQ==, magXml=lbKjd6QwAH8HEsCHuHpV2g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ErqgNH/MgpESdlkbFKo06g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wf5bkFpTcfP4osMCSjahOw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319294738969252249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294734762365309, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dongdd0562@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319294739053138331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294734762365309, authorId=1319294738969252249, language=EN, stringName=Dandan DONG, firstName=Dandan, middleName=null, lastName=DONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319294739137024412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294734762365309, authorId=1319294738969252249, language=CN, stringName=董丹丹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,合肥 230031, bio={"content":"

董丹丹(1992),女,工程师,主要从事传热与流动数值模拟、传热与流动试验平台设计等工作,E-mail:。

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董丹丹(1992),女,工程师,主要从事传热与流动数值模拟、传热与流动试验平台设计等工作,E-mail:。

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PCHE geometric dimensions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数冷侧热侧1,3热侧2
介质SCN250%EGW50%EGW
水力直径De/mm1.2221.4660.917
通道类型S型直通道ZigZag 15°ZigZag 15°
通道截面形状半圆形半圆形半圆形
通道长度/m2.5680.7380.738
板片数量5105
通道数量32115138
板片厚度/mm221
换热面积/m22.1132.6191.964
), ArticleFig(id=1319294745923408337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319294734762365309, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PCHE几何尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数冷侧热侧1,3热侧2
介质SCN250%EGW50%EGW
水力直径De/mm1.2221.4660.917
通道类型S型直通道ZigZag 15°ZigZag 15°
通道截面形状半圆形半圆形半圆形
通道长度/m2.5680.7380.738
板片数量5105
通道数量32115138
板片厚度/mm221
换热面积/m22.1132.6191.964
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Experimental system instrumentation parameters

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名称测量范围精度
差压变送器0~500 kPa±0.065%
温度变送器-200~100 ℃±1 ℃
体积流量计1.6~250 m3/h±0.5%
差压变送器0~500 kPa±0.065%
温度变送器0~100 ℃±1%FS
体积流量计0~40 m3/h±0.5%
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试验系统测量仪表参数

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名称测量范围精度
差压变送器0~500 kPa±0.065%
温度变送器-200~100 ℃±1 ℃
体积流量计1.6~250 m3/h±0.5%
差压变送器0~500 kPa±0.065%
温度变送器0~100 ℃±1%FS
体积流量计0~40 m3/h±0.5%
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Uncertainty of experimental variable parameters

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参数不确定度
平均换热量/kW±0.51%
总传热系数/(W⋅m-2⋅K-1)±0.52%
摩擦系数1.73%
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试验变量参数的不确定度

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参数不确定度
平均换热量/kW±0.51%
总传热系数/(W⋅m-2⋅K-1)±0.52%
摩擦系数1.73%
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Test conditions

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入口参数冷侧热侧通道1,3热侧通道2
压力/MPa300.50.5
温度/℃-1635555
流量/(kg⋅h-1)400~1 00010 669~17 071
Re5 102~12 754842~1 347526~842
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试验工况

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入口参数冷侧热侧通道1,3热侧通道2
压力/MPa300.50.5
温度/℃-1635555
流量/(kg⋅h-1)400~1 00010 669~17 071
Re5 102~12 754842~1 347526~842
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LNG高压气化器流动传热试验研究
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董丹丹 1 , 陈永东 1 , 于改革 1, 2 , 刘孝根 1 , 韩冰川 1
流体机械 | 试验研究 2025,53(11): 2-8
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流体机械 |试验研究 2025 , 53 (11) : 2 -8
LNG高压气化器流动传热试验研究
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董丹丹(1992),女,工程师,主要从事传热与流动数值模拟、传热与流动试验平台设计等工作,E-mail:。

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董丹丹1 , 陈永东1 , 于改革1, 2, 刘孝根1, 韩冰川1
作者信息
  • 1合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,合肥 230031
  • 2西安交通大学 机械工程学院,西安 710049
通讯作者:
陈永东(1968),男,教授级高工,副总工程师,主要从事石油、化工、天然气等领域换热设备的传热工艺研究与结构设计开发等方面的研究,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市蜀山区长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。
作者简介:

董丹丹(1992),女,工程师,主要从事传热与流动数值模拟、传热与流动试验平台设计等工作,E-mail:。

Experimental study on flow and heat transfer of LNG high‑pressure vaporizer
Dandan DONG1 , Yongdong CHEN1 , Gaige YU1, 2, Xiaogen LIU1, Bingchuan HAN1
Affiliations
  • 1Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China
  • 2School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China
出版时间: 2025-11-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.001
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针对船舶燃料气体供应系统核心设备高压气化器,在运行过程中传热能力不足及运行不稳定的问题,设计了一种冷/热板片为1∶3分布的防冰冻型超临界LNG高压气化器,构建超临界氮气-50%乙二醇水溶液(50%EGW)传热与流动性能测试装置,研究了冷、热侧入口流量对换热及流阻特性的影响规律,并动态评估了运行过程中的冻结风险。试验结果表明:当超临界氮气入口流量从400 kg/h增至1 000 kg/h时,热侧出口温度最大降幅达5.93 ℃,平均换热量与总换热系数分别提升147.3%和246.9%,同时超临界氮气侧总压降增加160 kPa(摩擦因子增幅57%);而50%EGW流量在10 669~17 071 kg/h区间变化时,换热能力保持稳定,其摩擦因子仅增加5.7%。当高压气化器热侧流体接近冻结状态时,传热性能显著恶化。研究揭示了高压气化器在超临界工况下的传热强化机制与流动阻力演化规律,可为高压气化器的结构优化与防冰冻设计提供理论依据和数据支撑。

高压气化器  /  液化天然气  /  传热与流动  /  防冻性能  /  超临界氮气  /  试验研究

To address the issues of insufficient heat transfer capacity and operational instability during the operation of high‑pressure vaporizers,the core equipment of ship fuel gas supply systems,an anti‑icing ultra‑supercritical LNG high‑pressure vaporizer with a cold‑to‑hot plate distribution ratio of 1:3 was designed.A test facility for studying the heat transfer and flow performance of supercritical nitrogen-50% ethylene glycol water solution (50% EGW) was constructed.The effects of cold and hot side inlet flow rates on heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics were investigated,and the freezing risk during operation was dynamically assessed.The experimental results show that when the supercritical nitrogen inlet flow rate increased from 400 kg/h to 1 000 kg/h,the maximum temperature drop at the hot side outlet reached 5.93 ℃,while the average heat transfer capacity and overall heat transfer coefficient increased by 147.3% and 246.9%,respectively.Concurrently,the total pressure drop on the supercritical nitrogen side increased by 160 kPa (a 57% rise in friction factor).In contrast,when the 50% EGW flow rate varied within the range of 10 669~17 071 kg/h,the heat transfer capacity remained stable,with the friction factor increasing by only 5.7%.When the hot side fluid of the high‑pressure vaporizer approached the freezing state,the heat transfer performance deteriorated significantly.This study reveals the heat transfer enhancement mechanisms and flow resistance evolution laws of high‑pressure vaporizers under supercritical conditions,providing a theoretical basis and data support for the structural optimization and anti‑icing design of high‑pressure vaporizers.

high‑pressure vaporizer  /  liquefied natural gas(LNG)  /  heat transfer and flow  /  anti‑freezing performance  /  SCN2  /  experimental study
董丹丹, 陈永东, 于改革, 刘孝根, 韩冰川. LNG高压气化器流动传热试验研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (11) : 2 -8 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.001
Dandan DONG, Yongdong CHEN, Gaige YU, Xiaogen LIU, Bingchuan HAN. Experimental study on flow and heat transfer of LNG high‑pressure vaporizer[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (11) : 2 -8 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.001
在国际海事组织日趋严苛的船舶能效与环保法规推动下,节能减排与高效运营正成为全球造船及航运产业发展的核心命题[1]。作为清洁一次能源的液化天然气(liquefied natural gas,LNG),凭借其卓越的可运输性、高热值燃烧效率及显著的环境效益,在应对气候变化和航运减排领域展现出独特优势[2]。使用LNG作为燃料的船舶必须配备燃料气供应系统(fuel gas supply system,FGSS),与低压(0.6 MPa)发动机相比,高压(30 MPa)发动机可以在降低LNG泄漏率的同时,显著提高燃烧效率。高压气化器作为高压燃料气供应系统的核心设备,不仅要求结构紧凑、换热效率高,还需要在低温、大压差、大温差条件下长时间稳定运行。
常规的管壳式换热器、钎焊板式换热器、板式换热器在承压能力、结构紧凑性、换热效率上均存在各自的局限性。印刷电路板式换热器(printed circuit heat exchanger,PCHE)具有芯体紧凑、完整性高的优势,适用于高压、高温和高热流密度等极端苛刻的条件,广泛应用于各个领域[3-6]。目前,PCHE被视为燃料气供应系统中高压气化器最具前景的解决方案之一。
对于PCHE的研究主要集中在超临界CO2[7]、超临界He[8]等领域,而在双燃料动力船用高压气化器领域,国内外公开报道的研究较少,且主要采用数值模拟的方法进行研究。TIAN等[9]提出了一种新型的交叉逆流PCHE,并对超临界LNG的气化过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,新型气化器具有良好的汽化效果和防冻性能。PAN等[10]以超临界LNG和丙烷分别作为冷源和热源,数值研究了半圆形通道内的流动和换热特性,以及通道弯曲角度对其影响,并判定通道弯曲角度为15°时综合性能最佳。HU等[11]对PCHE之字形半圆通道内,冷凝物的流动和换热特性进行了数值分析,建立了PCHE之字形半圆通道内冷凝压降与换热的新关系式,计算得到的冷凝压降和传热关系式的平均误差分别为11.0%和7.9%。
SHIN等[12]采用液氮和氮气对N形和逆N (RN)形微通道PCHE进行了试验,并对其性能进行评价,冷侧工作压力范围为1.69~9.38 MPa,与已有的相关方程进行比较,建立了Nu相关准则式,计算出压降与速度的平方成正比的压力系数K值。TIAN等[13]以液氮和乙二醇作为冷热工质,对之字形PCHE的性能进行了试验测试,液氮工作压力为0.5~1.4 MPa,分析了PCHE内部的局部温度分布,研究了不同进口质量流量对流动换热性能的影响,对比了平行流和逆流条件下的热工水力性能和汽化效应。WOOKYOUNG等[14-15]采用液氮和乙二醇水溶液,对PCHE用于低温液氢汽化进行了传热与流动特性试验研究,液氮工作压力为0.7 MPa,提出了以冷、热通道质流比作等值线图,预测PCHE冻结范围。陈永东等[16]以丙烷为中间流体,建立超临界压力低温介质丙烷试验台,研究了超临界氮气和丙烷在PCHE中的传热与流动性能,并基于面积权重提出了多相态换热器表观总传热系数的评价指标。上述试验主要集中在中低压范围,而对于双燃料动力船用高压气化器的相关试验研究还未开展。
常规的冷/热板片以1∶1布置,易导致结冰,且结冰后较难融化。为了研究PCHE在高压、超低温运行和防冰冻方面的性能,本文设计了一种防冰冻的超临界LNG用高压气化器,以超临界氮气(supercritical nitrogen,SCN2)和50%乙二醇水溶液(50% ethylene glycol water,50%EGW)分别作为冷、热工质,分析了SCN2和50%EGW入口流量对流动与换热的影响,为LNG高压气化器的防冰冻优化设计提供了参考依据。
防冰冻印刷电路板式换热器为工程样机的缩比样机,芯体尺寸为1 000 mm×400 mm×87 mm,材质为316L,换热芯体由冷侧板片与热侧板片以1∶3交替堆叠而成。样机实物及板片布置如图1所示,详细几何尺寸见表1。
用于研究FGSS高压气化器PCHE换热性能的试验系统实物及流程分别如图2和图3所示。试验系统包括冷源SCN2系统、热源50%EGW循环系统、PCHE样机及测量仪表等。冷源SCN2系统主要设备包括液氮罐、低温增压泵、气化器、复热器和放空塔,热源50%EGW循环系统主要设备包括50%EGW储罐、循环泵、电加热器等。
热工性能试验中主要测量参数包括流量、温度和压力,测量值直接影响试验结果。本试验系统使用的流量、温度和压力相关仪表的精度见表2。
试验变量参数不确定度采用MOFFAT[17]给出的方法,其表达式如下:
Δy=∑i=1N∂y∂xi2Δxi2
式中,y为关于不同变量x的函数;N为试验变量的数量;Δxi为测量参数的不确定度,试验测量参数包括压力、温度和流量。
试验中变量参数的不确定度结果见表3,均在允许误差范围内。
本试验中50%EGW作为热源,通过PCHE试验样机将SCN2汽化。50%EGW的物性视为常数,SCN2物性来源于NIST数据库。由于试验样机为工程样机的缩比样机,因此冷、热侧入口温度同工程样机,流量取工程样机流量的缩比流量。具体试验工况范围见表4。
试验过程如下:开启50%EGW侧循环泵,设定目标流量值,通过调节循环泵频率对50%EGW侧流量进行调控;待50%EGW侧流量计读数稳定在目标流量值后,开启50%EGW侧电加热器,并设定目标温度;当50%EGW侧入口测试段温度达到目标温度值后,开启SCN2侧增压泵,设定SCN2目标流量和目标压力,调节SCN2侧增压泵频率,使SCN2侧流量稳定在目标流量值,通过调节阀组控制被试样机SCN2侧入口压力,确保SCN2测入口温度低于-163 ℃;SCN2增压泵开启的同时,50%EGW与SCN2在被试样机内进行换热,50%EGW侧自动调节电加热器功率,使被试样机50%EGW入口温度稳定在预设定温度值。每个测试工况稳定30 min后,且冷、热侧热平衡误差小于5%时,认为试验结果可靠,开始采集样机SCN2,50%EGW侧进出口温度、进口流量和压降数据。本试验覆盖的工况中,SCN2,50%EGW两侧的热量平衡误差如图4所示。
PCHE水力直径De、雷诺数Re、摩擦因子f计算式如下。
De=4AcP=πDπ+2
Re=GDeμ
f=ΔPDe2ρu2L
式中,P为半圆形通道湿周,m;D为半圆形通道直径,m;G为质量流率,kg/(m2⋅s);μ为流体动力黏度,Pa⋅s;ΔP为传热段压降,Pa;ρ为流体密度,kg/m3;u为流体流速,m/s;L为通道长度,m。
冷、热侧换热量Qc,Qh计算式如下:
Qc=qmchc2-hc13 600×10-3
Qh=qmhcphTh2-Th13 600×10-3
式中,qm为质量流量,kg/h;hc1,hc2分别为冷侧进、出口焓值,J/kg;cph为热侧比定压热容,J/(kg⋅K);Th1,Th2分别为热侧进、出口温度,℃;下标c,h分别为冷侧、热侧。
平均换热量Q、热平衡相对误差ΔQ计算式如下:
Q=Qc+Qh2
ΔQ=Qh-QcQc×100%
总传热系数K计算式如下:
K=Q/A⋅ΔTm
式中,A为换热面积,m2;ΔTm为平均传热温差,℃。ΔTm计算式如下:
ΔTm=Th2-Tc1-Th1-Tc2lnTh2-Tc1/Th1-Tc2
式中,Tc1,Tc2分别为冷侧进、出口温度,℃。
图5示出SCN2,50%EGW出口温度随入口流量的变化。从图中可以看出,固定50%EGW入口流量时,随着SCN2质量流量从400 kg/h增加到1 000 kg/h,冷侧出口温度最大升高1.49 ℃,热侧出口温度最大降低5.93 ℃;固定SCN2入口流量时,随着50%EGW质量流量从10 669 kg/h增加到17 071 kg/h,热侧出口温度最大升高3.53 ℃,冷侧出口温度变化较小,仅在SCN2流量为400 kg/h时,出口升高0.6 ℃。
质量流量对PCHE平均换热量和总传热系数的影响如图6所示。从图可以看出,固定50%EGW入口流量时,随着SCN2质量流量从400 kg/h增加到1 000 kg/h,平均换热量和总换热系数分别提高了147.3%和246.9%;而固定SCN2入口流量时,增加50%EGW流量,对平均换热量和总换热系数的影响较小。
基于图5、图6的试验数据分析表明:所述试验工况中,SCN2侧流动为湍流状态,50%EGW侧流动为层流状态。当50%EGW流量固定时,增加SCN2流量,湍流换热增强,传热能力显著增大,因此,平均换热量增加,SCN2侧出口温度略有增加,而50%EGW侧流量不变,因此50%EGW侧出口温度显著降低。当SCN2流量固定时,由于试验样机冷、热板片为1∶3布置,且50%EGW侧流动为层流状态,增加50%EGW流量,仍处于层流状态,对总体换热能力影响较小;在热侧双通道设计中,通道2流量增加,引发其与通道1,3的横向传热增强,最终导致热侧出口温度升高。
所有试验工况下,SCN2出口温度均稳定在53~55 ℃区间,这不仅在保证冷侧流量足够大的情况下满足船用高压双燃料主机对进气温度≥45 ℃的技术规范,更为后续系统在船舶动力装置中的工程应用提供了关键数据支撑。这一温度控制特性对于保障燃料气在燃烧室的稳定点火与高效燃烧具有重要工程价值。
图7示出SCN2与50%EGW入口流量对总压降的影响。
从图可以看出,当SCN2流量从400 kg/h增至1 000 kg/h时,SCN2侧总压降比初始值最大增加160 kPa。当50%EGW流量由10 669 kg/h增加到17 071 kg/h时,SCN2侧总压降最大降低16.78 kPa。SCN2流量的增大,增强了流体的湍动性,从而显著增大了SCN2侧的总压降,且随着SCN2流量的增大,SCN2侧的总压降增加的趋势也变大,这是因为SCN2流量的增加显著提高换热效果,加速了SCN2的汽化,从而增加了总压降;而增加50%EGW流量,虽然总换热量几乎不变,但影响SCN2侧沿程温度,使低温区缩短,而SCN2物性随温度变化显著,从而降低了SCN2侧流动阻力。50%EGW侧总压降随50%EGW流量的增大成比例增加,随SCN2侧流量的增大略有增加。这是因为50%EGW流量增大,流速增加,摩擦压降成比例增大。
图8示出SCN2,50%EGW侧通道摩擦因子随Re变化,其中fh1为热侧通道1,3的摩擦因子,fh2为热侧通道2的摩擦因子。随着50%EGW侧Re的增大,50%EGW侧各通道的摩擦因子均呈下降趋势,而SCN2侧摩擦因子随SCN2侧Re增大呈增大趋势,这是因为SCN2物性随温度变化较大,随着SCN2侧Re增加,湍流增强,SCN2侧低温区缩短。
在表4所列稳态试验工况中,通过监测50%EGW侧总压降可以判定均未出现结冰,表明PCHE能在此参数范围内长时间稳定运行。为探究PCHE样机的临界结冰工况并建立安全运行边界,研究采用控制变量法:保持50%EGW流量为5 335 kg/h不变,逐渐增加SCN2流量直至出现结冰。
图9示出50%EGW侧流量为5 335 kg/h,SCN2流量增加至700 kg/h下出现的冻结工况。
从图可以看出,冻结过程主要分为如下几个阶段。初始结冰阶段:SCN2侧出口温度未见明显波动,50%EGW侧总压降缓慢增加;迅速结冰阶段:随着冰层在传热表面的累积,系统呈现典型结冰特征,50%EGW侧总压降因流道截面积减小而显著上升(较初始值增加115%),冰层形成的附加热阻使换热器传热系数下降,导致SCN2侧出口温度开始呈现下降趋势;结冰平衡阶段:50%EGW总压降稳定在34 kPa,同时SCN2出口温度维持在-2.5 ℃,继续增大SCN2流量至750 kg/h,50%EGW侧总压降仍以极缓慢的速率增加,表明此时PCHE热侧仍未完全冻堵,此时停止SCN2供应后,进入融冰恢复阶段,50%EGW侧总压降迅速降低至初始值,表明研究设计冷/热板片1∶3布置的PCHE能够在出现结冰后有效融冰。
需要指出的是,虽然在动态冻结试验中,50%EGW侧未完全冻堵,但SCN2出口温度已低于船用主机的进气温度安全要求。因此,建议在PCHE气化器运行控制中,设置SCN2流量700 kg/h对应的50%EGW侧流量警戒阈值为5 335 kg/h,并建立温度-流量联锁保护机制,以确保系统始终远离该危险工况区。
(1)试验用PCHE冷/热板片1∶3布置,冷、热介质分别为SCN2和50%EGW;SCN2流量的增加会显著增加换热量,对增强换热具有明显效果,SCN2流量从400 kg/h增加至1 000 kg/h,平均换热量和总传热系数分别增加了147.3%和246.9%;增加50%EGW流量对平均换热量和总传热系数几乎无影响。
(2)研制冷/热板片以1∶3布置的PCHE,在SCN2流量范围400~1 000 kg/h,50%EGW流量范围10 669~17 071 kg/h内均未出现结冰,能够满足高压气化器的工艺要求。
(3)在偏离工况范围运行时,所研制的PCHE虽然出现结冰,但不会完全堵塞通道,给工艺系统提供极大的操作弹性,通过动态冻结测试,给出了SCN2流量为700 kg/h时,50%EGW危险工况区流量为5 335 kg/h,明确了高压气化器的安全操作范围。

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2025年第53卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.11.001
  • 接收时间:2025-07-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-22
  • 修回日期:2025-10-15
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    1合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,合肥 230031
    2西安交通大学 机械工程学院,西安 710049

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陈永东(1968),男,教授级高工,副总工程师,主要从事石油、化工、天然气等领域换热设备的传热工艺研究与结构设计开发等方面的研究,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市蜀山区长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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