Article(id=1319293515041985129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293383915454866, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732636800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-27, revisedDate=1753372800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473685274, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1759161600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473685274, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473685274, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473685274, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293383915454866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1759161600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473654011, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473654011, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=104, endPage=111, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293515197174378, articleId=1319293515041985129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Study on resistance moment optimization of counterweight in scroll compressor, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of high power loss caused by lubricating oil resistance in the counterweight of scroll compressors,an optimized model was proposed featuring dome convex surfaces and circular arc chamfers on the front and rear end faces of the counterweight,along with lubricating oil diversion from the rear end face.Based on the sliding mesh model in FLUENT software,transient simulations were conducted on the rotation process of the counterweight in the backpressure chamber under variable speed conditions.The resistance torque acting on the counterweight and the resulting windage loss were calculated,and the accuracy of the simulation results was verified.The results show that the differential pressure resistance torque generated by the front and rear end faces of the counterweight accounts for 76.9% of the total resistance torque,and its increase with rotational speed is significantly greater than that of the frictional resistance torque.After optimization,the average pressure on the rear end face of the counterweight increases with rotational speed,while the differential pressure resistance torque and total resistance are reduced by 63.3% and 58.1%,respectively.Additionally,increasing the ratio of counterweight thickness to outer diameter can reduce windage loss by up to 40.6%.This study provides a reference for the optimal design of scroll compressors.

, authors=Xingwang LIU1, Zhen SUN1, Xiaoming IIU2, Kuo LI1, Song TIAN1, Yongwei JIANG1, authorsList=Xingwang LIU, Zhen SUN, Xiaoming IIU, Kuo LI, Song TIAN, Yongwei JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293520771404433, articleId=1319293515041985129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=涡旋压缩机平衡铁阻力矩优化研究, columnId=1317484300472271469, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=应用技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对涡旋压缩机平衡铁因润滑油阻力导致功率损耗较高的问题,提出对平衡铁前后端面采用圆顶凸面与圆弧倒角设计,并将润滑油从后端面引出的优化模型。基于FLUENT软件的滑移网格模型,对变转速工况下背压腔内平衡铁的转动过程开展了瞬态模拟,计算了平衡铁所受的阻力矩及其产生的轮阻损失,并验证了模拟结果的准确性。结果表明,平衡铁前后端面产生的压差阻力矩占总阻力矩的76.9%,且其随转速升高的幅度远大于摩擦阻力矩;优化后,平衡铁后端面的平均压力随转速增大而升高,其压差阻力矩与总阻力分别降低了63.3%和58.1%;此外,增大平衡铁厚度与外径的比值,可使轮阻损失最高降低40.6%。研究可为涡旋压缩机的优化设计提供参考。

, authors=刘兴旺1, 孙禛1, 刘晓明2, 李阔1, 田嵩1, 姜永为1, authorsList=刘兴旺, 孙禛, 刘晓明, 李阔, 田嵩, 姜永为, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

刘兴旺(1970),男,博士,副教授,主要从事制冷系统及涡旋压缩机的优化研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学石油化工学院,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=gKcfhXPf03BG66pqXgeLVg==, magXml=JkLolymGyN5xbaYeh87nUQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=8TlcV91vtl8wUlQtWVNahA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JAHdkXcCDaZ/SZSvb4xMRQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293524600803993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293515041985129, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liuxw@lut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293524705661595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293515041985129, authorId=1319293524600803993, language=EN, stringName=Xingwang LIU, firstName=Xingwang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Petrochemical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293524789547676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293515041985129, authorId=1319293524600803993, language=CN, stringName=刘兴旺, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,兰州 730050, bio={"content":"

刘兴旺(1970),男,博士,副教授,主要从事制冷系统及涡旋压缩机的优化研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学石油化工学院,E-mail:。

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刘兴旺(1970),男,博士,副教授,主要从事制冷系统及涡旋压缩机的优化研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学石油化工学院,E-mail:。

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(a)样机支架体 (b)样机动涡旋盘背面

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(a)1 500 r/min  (b)4 500 r/min  (c)7 500 r/min

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(a)1 500 r/min  (b)4 500 r/min  (c)7 500 r/min

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Average pressure difference under different grid numbers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网格数量1 909 7362 888 3353 669 367
θ=330°前后端面平均压力差/MPa0.88 9030.90 7390.90 819
), ArticleFig(id=1319293534235120355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293515041985129, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同网格数下平均压力差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网格数量1 909 7362 888 3353 669 367
θ=330°前后端面平均压力差/MPa0.88 9030.90 7390.90 819
), ArticleFig(id=1319293534381920996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293515041985129, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Average pressure difference under different timestep sizes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间步长/s0.0010.00 0750.0 005
θ=330°前后端面平均压力差/MPa0.90 7390.90 7250.90 712
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不同时间步长下平均压力差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间步长/s0.0010.00 0750.0 005
θ=330°前后端面平均压力差/MPa0.90 7390.90 7250.90 712
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Physical parameters of XGT416-150 lubricating oil

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润滑油40 ℃时密度/(g·cm-3)运动黏度/(mm2·s-1)
40 ℃100 ℃
XGT416-1501.01152.8028.30
), ArticleFig(id=1319293534595830503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293515041985129, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

XGT416-150型润滑油物性参数

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润滑油40 ℃时密度/(g·cm-3)运动黏度/(mm2·s-1)
40 ℃100 ℃
XGT416-1501.01152.8028.30
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涡旋压缩机平衡铁阻力矩优化研究
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刘兴旺 1 , 孙禛 1 , 刘晓明 2 , 李阔 1 , 田嵩 1 , 姜永为 1
流体机械 | 应用技术 2025,53(9): 104-111
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流体机械 |应用技术 2025 , 53 (9) : 104 -111
涡旋压缩机平衡铁阻力矩优化研究
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刘兴旺1 , 孙禛1, 刘晓明2, 李阔1, 田嵩1, 姜永为1
作者信息
  • 1兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,兰州 730050
  • 2高端压缩机及系统技术全国重点实验室,合肥 230031
作者简介:

刘兴旺(1970),男,博士,副教授,主要从事制冷系统及涡旋压缩机的优化研究,通信地址:730050甘肃省兰州市七里河区兰工坪路287号兰州理工大学石油化工学院,E-mail:。

Study on resistance moment optimization of counterweight in scroll compressor
Xingwang LIU1 , Zhen SUN1, Xiaoming IIU2, Kuo LI1, Song TIAN1, Yongwei JIANG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Petrochemical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of High‑end Compressor and System Technology,Hefei 230031,China
出版时间: 2025-09-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.014
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针对涡旋压缩机平衡铁因润滑油阻力导致功率损耗较高的问题,提出对平衡铁前后端面采用圆顶凸面与圆弧倒角设计,并将润滑油从后端面引出的优化模型。基于FLUENT软件的滑移网格模型,对变转速工况下背压腔内平衡铁的转动过程开展了瞬态模拟,计算了平衡铁所受的阻力矩及其产生的轮阻损失,并验证了模拟结果的准确性。结果表明,平衡铁前后端面产生的压差阻力矩占总阻力矩的76.9%,且其随转速升高的幅度远大于摩擦阻力矩;优化后,平衡铁后端面的平均压力随转速增大而升高,其压差阻力矩与总阻力分别降低了63.3%和58.1%;此外,增大平衡铁厚度与外径的比值,可使轮阻损失最高降低40.6%。研究可为涡旋压缩机的优化设计提供参考。

涡旋压缩机  /  平衡铁  /  阻力矩  /  轮阻损失

To address the issue of high power loss caused by lubricating oil resistance in the counterweight of scroll compressors,an optimized model was proposed featuring dome convex surfaces and circular arc chamfers on the front and rear end faces of the counterweight,along with lubricating oil diversion from the rear end face.Based on the sliding mesh model in FLUENT software,transient simulations were conducted on the rotation process of the counterweight in the backpressure chamber under variable speed conditions.The resistance torque acting on the counterweight and the resulting windage loss were calculated,and the accuracy of the simulation results was verified.The results show that the differential pressure resistance torque generated by the front and rear end faces of the counterweight accounts for 76.9% of the total resistance torque,and its increase with rotational speed is significantly greater than that of the frictional resistance torque.After optimization,the average pressure on the rear end face of the counterweight increases with rotational speed,while the differential pressure resistance torque and total resistance are reduced by 63.3% and 58.1%,respectively.Additionally,increasing the ratio of counterweight thickness to outer diameter can reduce windage loss by up to 40.6%.This study provides a reference for the optimal design of scroll compressors.

scroll compressor  /  counterweight  /  resistance moment  /  windage loss
刘兴旺, 孙禛, 刘晓明, 李阔, 田嵩, 姜永为. 涡旋压缩机平衡铁阻力矩优化研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (9) : 104 -111 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.014
Xingwang LIU, Zhen SUN, Xiaoming IIU, Kuo LI, Song TIAN, Yongwei JIANG. Study on resistance moment optimization of counterweight in scroll compressor[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (9) : 104 -111 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.014
涡旋压缩机的动涡盘通过曲柄销偏心安装于主轴。主轴旋转时,由动涡盘产生的离心惯性力及力矩需由主、副平衡铁共同平衡[1-3]。为避开主轴临界转速并减小整机尺寸,主平衡铁通常置于背压腔内,副平衡铁装于电机转子上[4]。但主平衡铁在背压腔内转动时受到润滑油阻力作用,造成较大的功率损耗。目前,国内外学者对平衡铁所受阻力已开展一系列研究。SHIIBAYASHI等[5]发现,涡旋压缩机平衡铁的功率损失源于背压腔内润滑油的流动、搅动与摩擦损失。张文祥等[6]分析了涡旋压缩机动涡盘端板、十字滑环和平衡铁的运动过程,计算了流体阻力与扰动损失,并提出了阻力损失计算公式。郑勋[7]通过调整平衡铁的位置、重量并将其改为分体式,改进了涡旋压缩机性能。刘兴旺等[8-9]模拟了平衡铁搅动背压腔内润滑油的瞬态过程,得到了润滑油流场分布规律,提出了变相位协调叠加轴向力的优化设计方法。但以上研究均未将背压腔油路结构与平衡铁相结合进行分析优化,缺乏对两者耦合作用的深入探究,因此难以全面分析平衡铁阻力矩的形成机制并实现系统性的节能降耗设计。
本文针对由平衡铁压差阻力与轮阻损失引起的功耗过高问题,以背压腔为研究对象,采用FLUENT软件分析变转速工况下平衡铁在背压腔内的转动过程,获得其表面压力分布及腔内润滑油的流动特性,并据此对平衡铁结构进行优化,以减小阻力矩与轮阻损失。
旋压缩机的背压腔由支架体、主轴承、平衡铁、主轴、驱动轴承和动涡旋盘构成,其装配图与实际结构分别如图1和图2所示。
主轴内部开有油孔,构成进油路为背压腔供油;而出油路则设有单向阀,用以维持腔内的压力。平衡铁位于背压腔中,并与主轴连接,其结构示意图如图3所示。当平衡铁随主轴旋转时,将受到来自背压腔内润滑油的摩擦阻力矩Mf;同时,因其前后端面存在压力差,还会产生一个压差阻力矩Mp。
平衡铁结构由扇形凸台和圆环2个部分构成。将平衡铁表面润滑油的密度视为定值,依据摩擦定律,可以推导出平衡铁各表面受到的摩擦阻力矩的计算公式。
平衡铁前后端面受到的摩擦阻力矩为:
Mf1=18μρhω2R24-R14
式中,μ为摩擦系数;ρ为润滑油密度;h为平衡铁厚度;ω为主轴旋转角速度;R2为平衡铁外端面半径;R1为平衡铁内端面半径。
平衡铁上下端面受到的摩擦阻力矩为:
Mf2=γ1 800πμρω2R25-R15
式中,γ为平衡铁前后端面之间夹角。
平衡铁外端面受到的摩擦阻力矩为:
Mf3=γ360πμρhω2R24
平衡铁圆环部分受到的摩擦阻力矩为:
Mf4=15-γ1 800πμρω2R35-R15+1-γ360πμρhω2R34
圆环部分的摩擦力矩在整个平衡铁中占比较小,Mf4忽略不计。
平衡铁受到的总摩擦力矩为:
Mf=2Mf1+2Mf2+Mf3
平衡铁旋转时,其外表面和周围的润滑油发生摩擦,消耗的摩擦功即为平衡铁的轮阻损失。
整个平衡铁受到的轮阻损失为:
Ndf=Mf ω
平衡铁在背压腔内旋转时受润滑油的作用,前端面受到和旋转方向相反的压力p1。后端面受到和旋转方向相同的压力p2,二者分别形成力矩Mp1和Mp2。
两力矩之差即为压差阻力矩,即:
Mp=Mp1-Mp2
研究对象为平衡铁及周围流场,为方便建模及计算,研究时对背压腔实际结构做简化处理,忽略主轴承、驱动轴承和防自转机构对背压腔的影响,利用SolidWorks软件绘制出三维模型。如图4所示,简化后背压腔视作空心圆柱腔体,内部平衡铁视为扇形凸台,出、入口视作两圆柱形管路。
采用滑移网格模型(sliding mesh),借助Meshing软件划分出模型网格,且在平衡铁表面和Interface面作局部加密处理,并利用Interface面连接动、静区域。采用瞬态数值模拟,为确保结果的准确性,在模拟前需要确定网格数量和时间步长,证明二者对模拟结果无关联性。
调整背压腔模型的网格尺寸,分别划分网格数量为1 909 736,2 888 335,3 669 367的网格。设置主轴转速n为6 000 r/min,入口压力为2.34 MPa,出口压力为2.24 MPa。在主轴转角θ=330°时,观测平衡铁前后表面所产生的平均压力差,验证网格无关性。模拟所得数据见表1。由表可知,当网格数量达到2 888 335时,继续增加网格数量后观测量变化较小。为减小工作量,采用28 882 335的网格数量进行数值模拟。
根据经验,瞬态数值模拟的时间步长通常为转速(rad/s)倒数的1/10。主轴转速为6 000 r/min时,计算可得时间步长为0.001 s,再选取时间为0.00 075,0.0 005 s的步长,在主轴转角θ=330°时,观测平衡铁前后表面产生的平均压力差,用以验证时间步长的独立性。模拟所得数据见表2。
由表2可知,时间步长在接近0.001 s时,观测量的变化较小,可认为0.001 s满足时间步长的独立性要求。为减小计算周期,数值模拟时,将时间步长设置为0.001 s。
借助FLUENT软件中的压力基瞬态求解器模拟不同转速下平衡铁在背压腔内的转动情况。求解条件设置如下。
(1)黏性模型选择RNG k-ε模型,壁面函数选择标准壁面函数(SWF)。
(2)选用赛润XGT416-150型碳氢气体压缩机润滑油作为工作介质,物性参数见表3。
(3)在模拟过程中,分别设置转速为1 500,3 000,4 500,6 000,7 500 r/min。
(4)背压腔的入口压力设置为2.34 MPa,出口压力设置为2.24 MPa,且抑制回流。
(5)流场计算采用SIMPLEC算法。
(6)设置检测器监视出入口质量流量和平衡铁前后端面平均压力差。若每一时间步长的结果都达到残差收敛标准,且出入口的质量流率保持一致,平衡铁前后端面的平均压力差呈现周期性稳定状态,则计算过程视作收敛。
目前,已有学者对平衡铁的转动过程进行了模拟,并获得了较准确的结果[10-12]。为验证本研究所采用数值模型的准确性,基于文献[10]中的背压腔结构建立了相应模型,并以平衡铁阻力矩为观测对象进行对比。对比结果如图5所示,模拟值与文献值的变化趋势一致,且在各转速下的相对误差均低于4.7%。这表明所采用的数值模型准确可靠。
当平衡铁随主轴旋转时,受进出口参数影响,其前后端面的平均压力呈现周期性变化,但平均压力差的波动幅度较小。因此,可选取任意主轴转角对平衡铁压力场进行分析。文中设定主轴转角θ=330°,并选取主轴转速n为1 500,4 500,7 500 r/min,以考察平衡铁在背压腔内的转动情况。由此得到的不同转速下平衡铁压力场分布如图6所示,具体观测结果如下:
(1)平衡铁表面的最大压力位于前端面外缘,而最小压力位于后端面内缘。整体上,半径越大,压力值越高。平衡铁前端面与来流方向垂直,流体冲击剧烈,受力最为显著;与此同时,在离心惯性力的作用下,外缘处的润滑油受到挤压,导致压力达到峰值。此外,由于流通截面发生突变,后端面出现边界层分离,造成压力急剧下降。
(2)平衡铁前后两端面之间会产生压差阻力。其成因在于:当润滑油离开后端面时,边界层消失,致使流动尾迹中产生大量湍流旋涡。这些旋涡的动能耗散使得后端面压力低于前端面压力,无法达到平衡。因此,一个方向与平衡铁运动相反的巨大压差便作用在平衡铁上。
(3)随着转速升高,平衡铁前后端面的平均压力差持续增大。这归因于离心惯性力与尾迹损失的共同作用:前者随转速升高而增强,加剧了前端面的流体冲击,使其平均压力不断增大;而后者随转速升高更为显著,导致后端面平均压力持续减小。
不同主轴转速下,平衡铁前后端面所受的平均压力如图7所示。可以看出,随着主轴转速升高,前端面平均压力呈上升趋势,而后端面平均压力呈下降趋势,这使得两端面的平均压力差显著增大。
由于背压腔内部流场极为复杂,为此选取z=8 mm的平面作为观测面。设定主轴转角θ=330°及转速n=4 500 r/min,对该观测面进行分析,所得速度场分布与迹线分布分别示于图8与图9。
可以看出,背压腔中润滑油与平衡铁旋转方向相反,故黏性摩擦作用会使平衡铁产生摩擦阻力矩,造成轮阻损失。平衡铁前端面较大速度位于外端。由于平衡铁旋转时,前端面润滑油受迫运动,产生相对速度,且转速一定时,线速度与半径成正比,所以前端面靠外端润滑油速度较大。观测面上最大速度位于平衡铁后端面。润滑油经过后端面时,由于此处平衡铁横截面存在直角拐点且曲率无限,从而导致拐角处发生边界层分离[13-14],迹线改变。而在边界层外的润滑油绕过平衡铁时,后端面压强突然降低,此处润滑油受到与流动方向相反的压力作用,产生逆流并形成旋涡,最终导致速度急剧增大。
不同转速工况下平衡铁所受阻力矩如图10所示。可以看出,转速越高,压差阻力矩占总阻力矩的百分比越大。摩擦阻力矩在转速升高时变化量相对较小,故压差阻力矩是导致功率损耗的主要原因。
参考圆角柱体绕流特性,将平衡铁的前端面形状由平面优化为圆顶凸面,后端面进行圆弧倒角处理,可减小流动阻力[15]。平衡铁后端面压力随转速升高而减小,平均压力小于背压腔入口压力。在平衡铁内开导流孔并与主轴径向油路相接,可将润滑油从平衡铁后端面引出,使背压腔入口位于平衡铁后端面,进而可用入口压力补偿后端面压力,以此降低前后端面平均压力差,减小压差阻力矩。相同工况下,平衡铁轮阻损失主要取决于结构尺寸R2的大小,故增加平衡铁厚度并减小外径,可在离心惯性力大小不变的前提下降低轮阻损失。
图11示出优化后平衡铁结构。圆顶凸面高度H=10 mm,主轴油路接口直径d1=10 mm,厚度h'=30 mm,内径R1'=40 mm,背压腔入口直径d2=18 mm,外径R2'=80 mm,圆弧倒角r1=5 mm,圆弧倒角r2=13 mm。
运用相同的方法进行模拟计算,观测主轴转角θ=330°,转速n分别为1 500,4 500,7 500 r/min时平衡铁在背压腔内的转动情况,得到优化后平衡铁在不同转速下的压力场分布,如图12所示。可以看出,优化后压力最高点位于前端面正中间,且向四周递减。平衡铁旋转时前端面依然受迫严重,但圆顶凸面与润滑油流动方向形成一定夹角,具有更好的导流效果,冲击作用大幅度减小。平衡铁后端面压力分布相对均匀,压力变化较小。将润滑油从平衡铁后端面引出,且引出口置于后端面压力最低点,使得后端面最低压力被润滑油压力代替,减小了后端面压力差。优化后背压腔内压力增大。将润滑油从平衡铁后端面引出,增加了背压腔入口与主轴中心的距离,使得润滑油受到的离心力加剧,进而导致整个背压腔压力增大。背压腔压力增加有利于动、静涡旋盘贴合,从而可减小径向泄漏。
同样建立z=8 mm的平面为观测面,设主轴转角θ=330°,对转速n=4 500 r/min时的观测面进行观测,得到优化后平衡铁速度场与迹线分布如图13、图14所示。
观测面上润滑油最大流速位于平衡铁后端面,润滑油流经后端面时压强降低且速度增加,在入口处又与流入背压腔的润滑油相汇,速度进一步增大。后端面旋涡减弱,迹线分布均匀,尾迹损失减小。后端面引出润滑油并进行圆弧倒角设计,可改变尾流速度分布,减小尾迹区域,从而抑制旋涡的形成和发展。
平衡铁结构优化前后,不同主轴转速下前后端面平均压力及两端面平均压力差与转速关系如图15所示。
由图可知,随着主轴转速升高,两种平衡铁前端面平均压力都持续增大,且相同转速下,由于优化后背压腔内压力升高,导致平衡铁前端面受迫作用加剧,其平均压力略高于优化前。优化后润滑油从平衡铁后端面引出,使得后端面平均压力在转速增大时不降反升,结果前后两端面平均压力差减小。
2种平衡铁在不同转速工况下所受阻力矩如图16所示。由图可知,优化后平衡铁所受压差阻力矩和摩擦阻力矩也随转速升高而增大,但增长程度显著降低。相同转速下,压差阻力矩的降低效果比摩擦阻力矩更明显,可见减小压差阻力矩是降低总阻力矩的主要途径。
优化前后2种平衡铁产生的轮阻损失随转速的变化对比曲线如图17所示。由图可见,平衡铁轮阻损失与主轴转速的3次方成正比。增加平衡铁厚度并减小外径可有效减小摩擦阻力矩,进而降低轮阻损失,且优化后转速越高,轮阻损失降低越明显。
不同转速下平衡铁阻力矩和轮阻损失优化幅度如图18所示。由图可知,阻力矩和轮阻损失的优化幅度随转速升高而增加,通过结构优化可显著减小平衡铁所受阻力矩并降低轮阻损失。
(1)平衡铁前后端面分别采用圆顶凸面与圆弧倒角设计,可有效降低其所受阻力矩,进而减小涡旋压缩机的功率损耗。
(2)平衡铁所受压差阻力矩最高占总阻力矩的76.9%,且转速升高时压差阻力矩的增量远超摩擦阻力矩。
(3)将润滑油从平衡铁后端面引出,压差阻力矩最高可降低63.4%,总阻力矩降低58.2%。
(4)减小平衡铁外径与厚度的比值,轮阻损失最高可降低40.7%。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.014
  • 接收时间:2024-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-27
  • 修回日期:2025-07-25
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    1兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,兰州 730050
    2高端压缩机及系统技术全国重点实验室,合肥 230031
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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