Article(id=1319293409102250629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293383915454866, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732291200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-23, revisedDate=1755532800000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473660016, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1759161600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473660016, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473660016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473660016, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293383915454866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1759161600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473654011, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473654011, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=8, endPage=13, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293409370686086, articleId=1319293409102250629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Experimental study on granite cutting based on post mixed abrasive jet, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the problems of severe wear on the rolling cutter ring,difficult penetration,and reduced efficiency during the rock‑breaking process of the vertical shaft tunneling machine,this study conducts experimental research on abrasive water jet cutting of granite under submerged conditions,based on the rock‑breaking mechanism of ultra‑high pressure post‑mixed abrasive jet cutting.Focusing on the working condition of a 150 mm submerged depth for vertical shaft excavation,the influence laws of nozzle movement speed,jet pressure,and jet standoff distance on the rock‑breaking cutting effect were explored.The results show that the optimal matching parameters are a jet pressure of 380 MPa,a nozzle movement speed of 18 m/min,and a jet standoff distance of 20~40 mm;with these parameters,a maximum single‑cutting depth of 4.4 mm and a maximum cutting width of 2.3 mm can be achieved.Furthermore,a jet nozzle layout scheme for the full‑face vertical shaft tunneling machine cutterhead (with an excavation diameter of 8.1 m) is proposed.Through the collaborative layout of 26 jet nozzles,the rock‑breaking and tunneling efficiency of the full‑face vertical shaft tunneling machine can be effectively improved.The research results can provide certain references for the application of abrasive jet‑assisted rock breaking in vertical shaft excavation operations.

, authors=Jixin SU1, Zhichao WEI1, Di ZHANG1, Shengfu BA1, Lei PANG2, Zhengwen CHEN2, Qile REN2, authorsList=Jixin SU, Zhichao WEI, Di ZHANG, Shengfu BA, Lei PANG, Zhengwen CHEN, Qile REN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293412608688793, articleId=1319293409102250629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=基于后混式磨料射流切割花岗岩的试验研究, columnId=1317484286475883136, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对竖井掘进机破岩掘进过程中滚刀刀圈磨损严重、贯入困难、效率降低等问题,基于超高压后混磨料射流切割破岩机理,开展淹没条件下的磨料水射流切割岩花岗岩试验研究。重点围绕竖井掘进淹没深度为150 mm的工况,探讨了喷嘴移动速度、射流压力、射流靶距对破岩切割效果的影响规律。结果表明,射流压力为380 MPa、喷嘴移动速度为18 m/min、射流靶距在20~40 mm为最佳匹配参数,可实现单次最大切割深度为4.4 mm、最大切缝宽度为2.3 mm。进而提出开挖直径为8.1 m的全断面竖井掘进刀盘上射流喷嘴布置方案,通过26个射流喷嘴的协同布局,可有效提升全断面竖井掘进机破岩掘进效率。研究成果可为竖井掘进作业中磨料射流辅助破岩应用提供一定参考。

, authors=苏吉鑫1, 韦志超1, 张的1, 巴胜富1, 庞雷2, 陈正文2, 任启乐2, authorsList=苏吉鑫, 韦志超, 张的, 巴胜富, 庞雷, 陈正文, 任启乐, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

苏吉鑫(1979),男,高级工程师,主要从事高压水射流及往复泵技术研究与流体机械成套设备研发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,Email:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=q/virDrAcFHnrqEz1fixhA==, magXml=9JzcL88VlGqMGGZa9XgiYA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IAjK1Y/uykijxCS+T+zbXA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=sC/liUJ3Mn2dwKAVujiE4g==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293413300748961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293409102250629, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=sjx509@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293413372052131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293409102250629, authorId=1319293413300748961, language=EN, stringName=Jixin SU, firstName=Jixin, middleName=null, lastName=SU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Anhui Key Laboratory of General Mechanical Composite Technology,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293413447549604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293409102250629, authorId=1319293413300748961, language=CN, stringName=苏吉鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 通用机械复合材料技术安徽省重点实验室,合肥 230031, bio={"content":"

苏吉鑫(1979),男,高级工程师,主要从事高压水射流及往复泵技术研究与流体机械成套设备研发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,Email:。

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苏吉鑫(1979),男,高级工程师,主要从事高压水射流及往复泵技术研究与流体机械成套设备研发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,Email:。

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Physical properties of granite

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序号参数数值
1密度/(kg·m-3)2.80
2单轴抗压强度/MPa150
3泊松比0.27
4弹性模量/GPa80
5吸水率/%0.13
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花岗岩物理性能

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序号参数数值
1密度/(kg·m-3)2.80
2单轴抗压强度/MPa150
3泊松比0.27
4弹性模量/GPa80
5吸水率/%0.13
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Recommended parameters for jet cutting granite

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序号参数数值
1压力/MPa380
2流量/(L·min-1)4
3水喷嘴直径/mm0.33
4磨料喷嘴直径/mm1.0
5移动速度/(m·min-1)18
6靶距/mm20~40
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后混磨料射流切割破岩推荐参数

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序号参数数值
1压力/MPa380
2流量/(L·min-1)4
3水喷嘴直径/mm0.33
4磨料喷嘴直径/mm1.0
5移动速度/(m·min-1)18
6靶距/mm20~40
), ArticleFig(id=1319293421861323492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293409102250629, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Recommended number of nozzle arrangements

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序号直径/m线速度/(m·min-1)推荐喷嘴数量/个
合计26
1112.571
2225.132
3337.702
4450.273
5562.834
6675.404
7787.965
88100.536
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不同位置处射流喷嘴布置数量推荐值

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序号直径/m线速度/(m·min-1)推荐喷嘴数量/个
合计26
1112.571
2225.132
3337.702
4450.273
5562.834
6675.404
7787.965
88100.536
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基于后混式磨料射流切割花岗岩的试验研究
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苏吉鑫 1 , 韦志超 1 , 张的 1 , 巴胜富 1 , 庞雷 2 , 陈正文 2 , 任启乐 2
流体机械 | 试验研究 2025,53(9): 8-13
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流体机械 |试验研究 2025 , 53 (9) : 8 -13
基于后混式磨料射流切割花岗岩的试验研究
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苏吉鑫(1979),男,高级工程师,主要从事高压水射流及往复泵技术研究与流体机械成套设备研发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,Email:。

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苏吉鑫(1979),男,高级工程师,主要从事高压水射流及往复泵技术研究与流体机械成套设备研发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,Email:。

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苏吉鑫1 , 韦志超1, 张的1, 巴胜富1, 庞雷2, 陈正文2, 任启乐2
作者信息
  • 1合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 通用机械复合材料技术安徽省重点实验室,合肥 230031
  • 2通用机械关键核心基础件创新中心(安徽)有限公司,合肥 230031
作者简介:

苏吉鑫(1979),男,高级工程师,主要从事高压水射流及往复泵技术研究与流体机械成套设备研发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,Email:。

Experimental study on granite cutting based on post mixed abrasive jet
Jixin SU1 , Zhichao WEI1, Di ZHANG1, Shengfu BA1, Lei PANG2, Zhengwen CHEN2, Qile REN2
Affiliations
  • 1Anhui Key Laboratory of General Mechanical Composite Technology,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China
  • 2General Machinery Key and Core Basic Components Innovation Center(Anhui) Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China
出版时间: 2025-09-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.002
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针对竖井掘进机破岩掘进过程中滚刀刀圈磨损严重、贯入困难、效率降低等问题,基于超高压后混磨料射流切割破岩机理,开展淹没条件下的磨料水射流切割岩花岗岩试验研究。重点围绕竖井掘进淹没深度为150 mm的工况,探讨了喷嘴移动速度、射流压力、射流靶距对破岩切割效果的影响规律。结果表明,射流压力为380 MPa、喷嘴移动速度为18 m/min、射流靶距在20~40 mm为最佳匹配参数,可实现单次最大切割深度为4.4 mm、最大切缝宽度为2.3 mm。进而提出开挖直径为8.1 m的全断面竖井掘进刀盘上射流喷嘴布置方案,通过26个射流喷嘴的协同布局,可有效提升全断面竖井掘进机破岩掘进效率。研究成果可为竖井掘进作业中磨料射流辅助破岩应用提供一定参考。

后混合磨料射流  /  切割破岩  /  移动速度  /  射流压力  /  靶距

In response to the problems of severe wear on the rolling cutter ring,difficult penetration,and reduced efficiency during the rock‑breaking process of the vertical shaft tunneling machine,this study conducts experimental research on abrasive water jet cutting of granite under submerged conditions,based on the rock‑breaking mechanism of ultra‑high pressure post‑mixed abrasive jet cutting.Focusing on the working condition of a 150 mm submerged depth for vertical shaft excavation,the influence laws of nozzle movement speed,jet pressure,and jet standoff distance on the rock‑breaking cutting effect were explored.The results show that the optimal matching parameters are a jet pressure of 380 MPa,a nozzle movement speed of 18 m/min,and a jet standoff distance of 20~40 mm;with these parameters,a maximum single‑cutting depth of 4.4 mm and a maximum cutting width of 2.3 mm can be achieved.Furthermore,a jet nozzle layout scheme for the full‑face vertical shaft tunneling machine cutterhead (with an excavation diameter of 8.1 m) is proposed.Through the collaborative layout of 26 jet nozzles,the rock‑breaking and tunneling efficiency of the full‑face vertical shaft tunneling machine can be effectively improved.The research results can provide certain references for the application of abrasive jet‑assisted rock breaking in vertical shaft excavation operations.

post mixed abrasive jet  /  rock‑cutting and breaking  /  movement speed  /  jet pressure  /  target distance
苏吉鑫, 韦志超, 张的, 巴胜富, 庞雷, 陈正文, 任启乐. 基于后混式磨料射流切割花岗岩的试验研究. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (9) : 8 -13 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.002
Jixin SU, Zhichao WEI, Di ZHANG, Shengfu BA, Lei PANG, Zhengwen CHEN, Qile REN. Experimental study on granite cutting based on post mixed abrasive jet[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (9) : 8 -13 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.002
目前,掘进机在交通、铁道、矿山、水电等领域有着广泛的应用。当竖井掘进机作业遇到较为坚硬岩层时,掘进机滚刀会出现磨损快、贯入困难等问题,从而影响到整体掘进速度。因此,近些年出现了许多非机具破岩方法,替代或辅助机械破岩,如水射流、微波、超声波,液氮低温、粒子冲击等[1-5]。其中,水射流辅助破岩通过将高压喷嘴布置在掘进机刀盘上,利用高压水的大能量辅助刀具进行岩石切割,助力破岩作业[6-7]。破岩作业过程时,高压水射流携带着高速磨料颗粒,对掘进机滚刀两侧的岩石进行冲击,形成有效的贯通裂纹,破坏岩石内部应力分布,实现岩石高效破碎,在保护切割刀头的同时提升了破岩效率[8-10]。国内外研究发现,切割硬岩石(如花岗岩等)时的辅助射流压力必须大于210 MPa,且推荐压力范围为280~350 MPa[11]。
目前,国内外专家学者对磨料射流辅助破岩研究以试验研究为主,切割破岩试验过程中,喷嘴移动速度小、射流压力低,与竖井掘进机实际工作情况不相符,对工程参考意义较小,使得磨料射流辅助破岩推广受限[12-16]。因此,从后混磨料射流破岩机理研究出发,系统地分析影响射流切割效果的各项影响因素,并选取施工过程中便于调整的参数,开展淹没环境下切割试验变量研究,最终给出后混磨料射流切割推荐参数,可为下一步实际应用竖井掘进机磨料射流辅助破岩提供有效参考。
后混磨料射流破岩过程如图1所示,其结构较为简单,是当前应用广泛的射流形式之一。
后混磨料射流以高压水为工作介质,作业时将磨料引入射流中,并携带磨料对岩石进行冲击和切割,实现竖井掘进机辅助破岩。其中,影响并决定破岩质量的因素包括:(1)被切割的岩石材料性能;(2)射流基本参数,如射流压力与流量、后混磨料喷嘴出口直径等几何尺寸、喷嘴移动速度等;(3)磨料喷嘴出口与岩石间的位置关系,如靶距、喷射角度等;(4)磨料种类、磨料粒度及与高压水混合工况等。
假设后混磨料射流扩散前动量守恒,则作用在岩石表面的压力分布为[17]:
p=poe-a2r2
式中,p为射流压力;po为射流中心压力;a=1/2ro;ro为射流初始半径;r为射流半径。
当磨料射流切割岩石时,可认为射流达到稳定状态,并且有足够时间穿透岩石,此时切割速度为[17]:
dhdt=Kpoe-βh/Dμl0
式中,h为切割深度,mm;t为切割时间,min;K,β为经验系数;D为切缝宽度,mm;μ为射流动力黏度,N·s/m2;l0为切缝微观当量长度,mm。
基于以上分析,当作用在岩石上的射流压力超过岩石的单轴抗压强度时,即可实现岩石切割,得出切缝深度和切缝宽度的关系式为:
hD=1β1+βKpoTμl0D
式中,T为喷嘴直径与移动速度的比值。
后混磨料射流切割破岩试验装置如图2所示,通过三轴高移速磨料射流切割机床来模拟竖井掘进机工作条件下磨料射流破除岩石过程。
目前,国内外常用后混磨料切割设备主机压力为380 MPa,超过380 MPa主机的使用寿命和可靠性都大大降低,备件使用成本也大大提高,综合以上因素,该试验装置最高工作压力为380 MPa、流量为4 L/min,喷嘴最高移动速度为18 m/min。此外,根据竖井掘进机的实际工作状况,岩样的淹没深度取150 mm。
试验选用石榴石作为切割磨料,其成本低、硬度高、切割效果好。根据工程经验,磨料采用80#石榴石。此外,选用花岗岩作为切割样本材料,用来模拟地下坚硬岩层。花岗岩尺寸大小为550 mm×390 mm×16 mm,其物理性能如表1所示。
后混磨料射流切割岩石试验过程中,影响切割效果的试验参数很多,包括喷嘴移动速度、射流压力、靶距、射流角度,以及切割环境等。
(1)喷嘴移动速度与喷嘴在竖井掘进机刀盘上的位置有关,通过对喷嘴移动速度的研究,可以为喷嘴的实际布置提供指导。
(2)射流压力对射流打击力起着决定性影响,较大的射流压力会产生较大切割深度。通过对射流压力的研究,可以为实际作业时高压泵的优化选型提供指导。
(3)靶距是指切割作业时,射流喷嘴与待切割岩石间的距离。通过对靶距进行研究,可以为实际作业时喷嘴安装位置及作业过程中刀头位置调整提供指导。
(4)切割角度不会大幅度影响切割效果[18],同时对于竖井掘进机刀盘布置喷嘴来说,垂直布置最为简单,因此,试验时喷嘴仅垂直于岩石布置,切割角度不作考察。
(5)竖井掘进机在实际作业时处于淹没环境,因此,试验切割处于水下环境,模拟射流淹没环境下切割硬岩的工况。
为考察切割参数对切割深度和宽度的影响,结合式(3)切缝深度和切缝宽度的关系式,选取对施工过程中便于调整的参数开展研究。因此,选取淹没环境下喷嘴移动速度、射流压力、靶距作为试验变量开展研究。
试验水喷嘴直径为0.33 mm、磨料喷嘴直径为1.0 mm。结合破岩工程经验,试验过程中,选取试验喷嘴移动速度为5,8,12,15,18 m/min 5个不同速度;将射流压力划分为280,300,320,350,380 MPa 5个档次;靶距划分为5,20,30,40,50 mm 5组。通过改变参数,考察其对切割效果的影响。
后混磨料射流切割破岩试验效果如图3所示,为了便于观察比较,同时避免切缝间距离过近对试验产生干扰,试验时将切缝间距离设定为10 mm。此外,每组参数下的试验设置5处测量点,并进行3次重复试验,试验结果取3次测量的平均值。
射流压力280 MPa时,不同靶距下切割深度随喷嘴移动速度的变化规律如图4所示。
从图可见,随着喷嘴移动速度从5 m/min不断增大到18 m/min,5种靶距下的切割深度都呈现近似线性减小的关系。该试验结果与文献[19-20]中大线速度射流试验结论类似。喷嘴移动速度越大,作用在岩石上的时间越短,相同试验参数下对单位面积上岩石的冲击压力就会减弱,导致磨料射流切割深度随移动速度的增大而减少。虽然射流压力为280 MPa、靶距为5 mm、喷嘴移动速度为5 m/min时,切割深度已达3.5 mm。但对于竖井掘进机辅助破岩工程的实际情况而言,需要喷嘴有较大移动速度,目前,喷嘴移动速度提高至18 m/min时,切割深度仅为1.7 mm,无法满足辅助破岩现场使用要求,因此,需要通过提高射流压力的手段来实现喷嘴大移动速度下较大的切割深度。
图5示出喷嘴移动速度为18 m/min时,不同靶距下切割深度随射流压力的变化规律。可以看出,随着喷嘴射流压力从280 MPa不断增大到380 MPa,5种靶距下,切割深度都呈现近似线性增大的关系。喷嘴射流压力越大,相同试验参数下,对单位面积上岩石的冲击压力就会越大,导致磨料射流切割深度随射流压力增大而增大。在射流压力为280 MPa、速度为18 m/min的超高压水射流作用下,靶距对切割深度的影响不大,切割深度均在1.7~1.9 mm之间,此时,磨料射流对于竖井掘进机破岩的辅助作用就变得有限。因此,若采用小流量的磨料射流辅助破岩,射流压力推荐选用380 MPa,切割深度满足辅助破岩要求。
在射流压力为380 MPa、喷嘴移动速度为18 m/min的超高压后混磨料射流工况下,开展不同靶距对切缝深度的影响研究。如图6所示,随着靶距的增大,切割深度呈现先上升后下降的趋势。靶距在30 mm时,射流作用在岩石表面的能量最大,其切割深度也最深,达到4.4 mm。这是由于靶距过小时,磨料射流撞击至岩石表面后,存在较大的反射射流能量,抵消了后续射流的部分能量;而靶距过大时,磨料射流在抵达岩石表面的过程中会有较大能量衰减。
因此,在压力为380 MPa、喷嘴移动速度为18 m/min的工况下,后混磨料射流破岩切割靶距在5~50 mm之间时,其一次切割深度可达3.3~4.4 mm。
在压力380 MPa、喷嘴移动速度18 m/min的工况下,进一步开展不同靶距对切缝宽度影响,从而优化磨料射流切割靶距推荐范围。如图7所示,随着靶距的增大,切缝宽度也不断增大。在靶距为5~20 mm时,切缝宽度为1 mm左右,与喷嘴直径相当,说明靶距在20 mm以内,射流扩散很小;当靶距为20~50 mm时,淹没条件下,射流卷吸作用下带入大量水介质,磨料射流损失了大量能量,进而产生发散[21]。随着切缝宽度不断增大,射流开始加速扩散,直至靶距为50 mm时,切缝宽度增大至2.5 mm。
结合现场实际,综合考虑切割深度和切缝宽度影响因素,推荐射流靶距在20~40 mm之间。
综上,后混磨料射流切割破岩推荐参数见表2。
以刀盘开挖直径8.1 m的全断面竖井掘进为例,根据工程经验,刀盘转速与刀盘直径对应关系为:
n1=22.266D-0.745 3
式中,n1为刀盘转速,r/min;D为刀盘直径,m。
由于全断面竖井掘进过程中,以较高转速破碎岩石时,会产生较高温度,从而影响设备性能和使用寿命。而边缘滚刀转速最高,与岩石接触时间最短,工程上一般允许边缘滚刀圆周线速度为150 m/min,因此,需要通过边缘滚刀的速度来确定刀盘转速,其关系式如下:
n2=vπD
式中,n2为刀盘转速,r/min;v为边缘滚刀圆周线速度,m/min。
计算可得,n1为4.68 r/min,n2为5.90 r/min,因此,刀盘开挖直径为8.1 m的全断面竖井掘进机刀盘的转速n取4 r/min。由于推荐喷嘴移动速度为18 m/min,因此,掘进机刀盘不同直径位置推荐布置的射流喷嘴数量见表3。
磨料射流辅助破岩系统由刀盘、喷嘴、高压软管、高压泵等组成,射流喷嘴在刀盘上的布置方案如图8所示。通过对刀盘上26个射流喷嘴的合理布置,结合射流参数的合理选择,有效提升全断面竖井掘进机破岩掘进。针对8.1 m刀盘的掘进机,配置6台电驱三柱塞高压泵(5用1备),每台高压泵配置参数压力为380 MPa、流量为22 L/min,电机功率为160 kW,5台泵同时工作时电机总功率为900 kW。在实际工程中,需要综合考虑刀盘上滚刀的位置及高压软管的布设情况,进一步细化刀盘上的喷嘴具体布置。
(1)针对花岗岩的后混磨料射流不切透切割,射流压力从280 MPa不断增大到380 MPa的过程中,切割深度呈现线性增大趋势。超过380 MPa后,切割设备及附属其他设备的可靠性和喷嘴的使用寿命会大大缩短,因此,针对小流量下的磨料射流辅助破岩,为实现喷嘴高移动速度下不切透的高效切割,射流压力推荐选用380 MPa。
(2)在射流压力380 MPa、喷嘴移动速度18 m/min的超高压后混磨料射流工况下,切割深度随着靶距的增大呈现先上升后下降的趋势,综合试验结果,推荐射流靶距在20~40 mm之间,这与常见切透情况下的射流靶距在1~5 mm有明显不同。
(3)针对竖井掘进机磨料射流辅助破岩工程应用,根据试验结果推荐射流压力为380 MPa、喷嘴移动速度为18 m/min、射流靶距为40 mm,可有效实现单次最大切割深度为4.4 mm、最大切缝宽度为2.3 mm的破岩参数。
(4)给出了刀盘上喷嘴布置方案及不同直径的喷嘴布置个数。研究成果为下一步在竖井掘进机刀盘上实际应用磨料射流辅助破岩提供了具体的设备选型和喷嘴布置依据。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.09.002
  • 接收时间:2024-11-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-23
  • 修回日期:2025-08-19
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    1合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 通用机械复合材料技术安徽省重点实验室,合肥 230031
    2通用机械关键核心基础件创新中心(安徽)有限公司,合肥 230031
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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