Article(id=1319293152150798958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293151651676781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729785600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-25, revisedDate=1738684800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473598754, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1748534400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473598754, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473598754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473598754, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293151651676781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748534400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473598634, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473598634, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=22, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293152381485679, articleId=1319293152150798958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=Effect of blade local thickening design on flow field form and pressure pulsation of centrifugal pump, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the issue of excessively high pressure pulsation amplitude in a certain centrifugal pump,a steady‑state numerical simulation method was employed to analyze the internal flow field of the pump,and a design for locally thickening the middle section of the impeller blades was proposed.This design is intended to adjust the internal flow field of the pump,enhance the uniformity of the circumferential energy distribution at the impeller outlet,and thereby reduce pressure pulsation.Steady‑state and unsteady‑state numerical simulations were conducted on the centrifugal pump before and after the improvement.The pump before improvement was also subjected to hydraulic performance tests,the head is 23.4 m at design flow rate which is 120 m3/h.The pump characteristic curves obtained from the tests were consistent with those from the steady‑state numerical simulations.Comparing the numerical simulation results of the centrifugal pump before and after the improvement.The difference between the simulated heads of the two impellers is only 0.3 m,and the difference of the best efficiency is less than 1%,and the best efficiency point of the improved impeller is shifted from 130 m3/h to 120 m3/h compared to the prototype impeller.It is found that the improved impeller with the design of locally thickening the middle section of the blades has hydraulic performance close to that of the prototype impeller.Moreover,the improved impeller exhibites a more uniform circumferential energy distribution at the outlet compared to the prototype impeller.The blade frequency pressure pulsation amplitude at the monitoring points within the pump is reduced by 16.4% to 49.4% relative to the prototype impeller,and the overall level of pressure pulsation intensity within the pump also decreases.The comparison results indicate that the design of locally thickening the impeller blades can help reducing the pressure pulsation within the pump,thereby suppressing pump vibration.The blade local thickening design involved in this study can serve as a reference for the improvement of other centrifugal pumps that require reduced pressure pulsation.

, authors=Bo QIAN1, 2, Huanhuan SHANG3, Qianqian LI4, Shiyu WANG1, authorsList=Bo QIAN, Huanhuan SHANG, Qianqian LI, Shiyu WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293156802282126, articleId=1319293152150798958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=叶片局部增厚设计对离心泵流场形态和压力脉动的影响, columnId=1317484287230853622, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对某离心泵的压力脉动幅值过高的问题,采用定常数值模拟方法分析泵内流场形态,并提出了在叶片中段局部增厚的设计,该设计旨在调整泵内流场,提高叶轮出口能量周向分布均匀性以降低压力脉动。对改进前、后的离心泵进行了定常和非定常数值模拟分析,并对改进前的离心泵进行了水力性能试验,其在120 m3/h设计流量点的扬程为23.4 m;试验测得的泵特性曲线和定常数值模拟得到的泵特性曲线特征相符。对比改进前、后的离心泵数值模拟结果发现,采用叶片中段局部增厚设计的改进型叶轮水力性能和原型叶轮接近,两款叶轮的模拟扬程仅相差0.3 m,最高效率相差1%以内,改进型叶轮的最佳效率点相对原型叶轮从130 m3/h左移到120 m3/h。改进型叶轮出口拥有比原型叶轮更均匀的能量周向分布,泵内监测点的叶频压力脉动幅值相对原型叶轮降低了16.4%~49.4%,泵内压力脉动强度水平也整体下降。对比结果表明,叶片局部增厚设计可有助于降低泵内压力脉动,进而抑制泵振动。本研究所涉及的叶片局部增厚设计可为其他需要降低压力脉动的离心泵改进设计提供参考。

, authors=钱波1, 2, 尚欢欢3, 李倩倩4, 王世宇1, authorsList=钱波, 尚欢欢, 李倩倩, 王世宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

钱波(1993),男,工程师,主要从事复杂流体机械系统优化设计研究,通信地址:300354天津市津南区雅观路135号天津大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HAshESdKSkTD/flUMuus3g==, magXml=MB4QVPOjBJFhuUrttvNUuQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=XDLSc0J7fNBekqhA0F4ZhA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JqLXAsTRbMgVAE8N+Hj+gQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293157355930268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293152150798958, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qianbozju@foxmail.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293157511119519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293152150798958, authorId=1319293157355930268, language=EN, stringName=Bo QIAN, firstName=Bo, middleName=null, lastName=QIAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China
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2浙江万能弹簧机械有限公司,浙江 绍兴 312400, bio={"content":"

钱波(1993),男,工程师,主要从事复杂流体机械系统优化设计研究,通信地址:300354天津市津南区雅观路135号天津大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

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钱波(1993),男,工程师,主要从事复杂流体机械系统优化设计研究,通信地址:300354天津市津南区雅观路135号天津大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

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figureFileBig=qnFOoNxG0RO9JVwWJNpLxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293165337690839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293152150798958, language=CN, label=图15, caption=不同流量下泵内压力脉动强度系数分布情况, figureFileSmall=lUD9DTVwdHwP/WC+Qz1YVw==, figureFileBig=qnFOoNxG0RO9JVwWJNpLxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319293165408994008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293152150798958, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main parameters of centrifugal pump

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参数数值
叶轮入口直径D1/mm150
叶轮出口直径D2/mm280
叶轮出口宽度b2/mm24
叶片数Z5
叶片包角ϕ/(°)200
蜗壳入口宽度b3/mm52
蜗壳基圆直径D3/mm285
蜗壳隔舌直径D4/mm290
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离心泵主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
叶轮入口直径D1/mm150
叶轮出口直径D2/mm280
叶轮出口宽度b2/mm24
叶片数Z5
叶片包角ϕ/(°)200
蜗壳入口宽度b3/mm52
蜗壳基圆直径D3/mm285
蜗壳隔舌直径D4/mm290
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Mesh independence analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案叶轮网格数/万蜗壳网格数/万总网格数/万扬程H/m(Hn-H5)/H5
1492114023.831.36%
21574126823.40-0.47%
32028635823.48-0.13%
425610943523.50-0.04%
535315057323.510
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网格无关性分析

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方案叶轮网格数/万蜗壳网格数/万总网格数/万扬程H/m(Hn-H5)/H5
1492114023.831.36%
21574126823.40-0.47%
32028635823.48-0.13%
425610943523.50-0.04%
535315057323.510
), ArticleFig(id=1319293165941670620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293152150798958, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Accuracy and measurement range of instruments

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仪器型号测量精度测量量程
流量计OPTIFLUX
4300C
±0.5%1.8~271.0 m3/h
压力计MBS3200±0.5%0~2.5 MPa
转速测量仪DLY2301±1%0~3 000 r/min
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各仪表测量精度与测量范围

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仪器型号测量精度测量量程
流量计OPTIFLUX
4300C
±0.5%1.8~271.0 m3/h
压力计MBS3200±0.5%0~2.5 MPa
转速测量仪DLY2301±1%0~3 000 r/min
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叶片局部增厚设计对离心泵流场形态和压力脉动的影响
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钱波 1, 2 , 尚欢欢 3 , 李倩倩 4 , 王世宇 1
流体机械 | 设计计算 2025,53(5): 22-29
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流体机械 |设计计算 2025 , 53 (5) : 22 -29
叶片局部增厚设计对离心泵流场形态和压力脉动的影响
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钱波1, 2 , 尚欢欢3, 李倩倩4, 王世宇1
作者信息
  • 1天津大学 机械工程学院,天津 300354
  • 2浙江万能弹簧机械有限公司,浙江 绍兴 312400
  • 3浙江大学 能源工程学院,杭州 310027
  • 4常州大学 机械与轨道交通学院,江苏 常州 213164
作者简介:

钱波(1993),男,工程师,主要从事复杂流体机械系统优化设计研究,通信地址:300354天津市津南区雅观路135号天津大学机械工程学院,E-mail:。

Effect of blade local thickening design on flow field form and pressure pulsation of centrifugal pump
Bo QIAN1, 2 , Huanhuan SHANG3, Qianqian LI4, Shiyu WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China
  • 2Zhejiang Omnipotent Spring Machine Co.,Ltd.,Shaoxing 312400,China
  • 3College of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China
  • 4School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China
出版时间: 2025-05-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.004
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针对某离心泵的压力脉动幅值过高的问题,采用定常数值模拟方法分析泵内流场形态,并提出了在叶片中段局部增厚的设计,该设计旨在调整泵内流场,提高叶轮出口能量周向分布均匀性以降低压力脉动。对改进前、后的离心泵进行了定常和非定常数值模拟分析,并对改进前的离心泵进行了水力性能试验,其在120 m3/h设计流量点的扬程为23.4 m;试验测得的泵特性曲线和定常数值模拟得到的泵特性曲线特征相符。对比改进前、后的离心泵数值模拟结果发现,采用叶片中段局部增厚设计的改进型叶轮水力性能和原型叶轮接近,两款叶轮的模拟扬程仅相差0.3 m,最高效率相差1%以内,改进型叶轮的最佳效率点相对原型叶轮从130 m3/h左移到120 m3/h。改进型叶轮出口拥有比原型叶轮更均匀的能量周向分布,泵内监测点的叶频压力脉动幅值相对原型叶轮降低了16.4%~49.4%,泵内压力脉动强度水平也整体下降。对比结果表明,叶片局部增厚设计可有助于降低泵内压力脉动,进而抑制泵振动。本研究所涉及的叶片局部增厚设计可为其他需要降低压力脉动的离心泵改进设计提供参考。

离心泵  /  压力脉动  /  能量周向分布  /  叶片局部增厚

Aiming at the issue of excessively high pressure pulsation amplitude in a certain centrifugal pump,a steady‑state numerical simulation method was employed to analyze the internal flow field of the pump,and a design for locally thickening the middle section of the impeller blades was proposed.This design is intended to adjust the internal flow field of the pump,enhance the uniformity of the circumferential energy distribution at the impeller outlet,and thereby reduce pressure pulsation.Steady‑state and unsteady‑state numerical simulations were conducted on the centrifugal pump before and after the improvement.The pump before improvement was also subjected to hydraulic performance tests,the head is 23.4 m at design flow rate which is 120 m3/h.The pump characteristic curves obtained from the tests were consistent with those from the steady‑state numerical simulations.Comparing the numerical simulation results of the centrifugal pump before and after the improvement.The difference between the simulated heads of the two impellers is only 0.3 m,and the difference of the best efficiency is less than 1%,and the best efficiency point of the improved impeller is shifted from 130 m3/h to 120 m3/h compared to the prototype impeller.It is found that the improved impeller with the design of locally thickening the middle section of the blades has hydraulic performance close to that of the prototype impeller.Moreover,the improved impeller exhibites a more uniform circumferential energy distribution at the outlet compared to the prototype impeller.The blade frequency pressure pulsation amplitude at the monitoring points within the pump is reduced by 16.4% to 49.4% relative to the prototype impeller,and the overall level of pressure pulsation intensity within the pump also decreases.The comparison results indicate that the design of locally thickening the impeller blades can help reducing the pressure pulsation within the pump,thereby suppressing pump vibration.The blade local thickening design involved in this study can serve as a reference for the improvement of other centrifugal pumps that require reduced pressure pulsation.

centrifugal pump  /  pressure pulsation  /  energy circumferential distribution  /  blade local thickening
钱波, 尚欢欢, 李倩倩, 王世宇. 叶片局部增厚设计对离心泵流场形态和压力脉动的影响. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (5) : 22 -29 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.004
Bo QIAN, Huanhuan SHANG, Qianqian LI, Shiyu WANG. Effect of blade local thickening design on flow field form and pressure pulsation of centrifugal pump[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (5) : 22 -29 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.004
离心泵的振动控制对于确保泵的可靠性和寿命非常重要,在特种船舶等领域还对泵的低频振动幅度提出了更高的要求。因此,离心泵的振动成因及其控制是目前离心泵研究的重要课题。离心泵的振动按来源不同主要分为机械振动和水力振动,前者主要由泵的轴承、叶轮、壳体和电机等机械部件的不平衡或不对中等引起;后者主要由泵内流体介质的汽蚀、非稳定流、压力脉动等引起。在水力振动中,压力脉动是振动的重要成因,国内外研究人员重点对其产生和控制展开研究。
已有研究指出,压力脉动是由叶轮出口处能量周向分布的不均匀导致的[1]。这种不均匀性由多种原因造成,比如叶轮叶片之间的流动分离、泵内动静干涉等[2]。部分研究人员采用数值模拟方法对泵内的流场情况进行仿真,通过流场形态分析、指标分析等方法对泵内部流场的能量分布展开进一步的定性、定量分析,指出泵内流场形态和压力脉动强度表现存在一定的关联性,并提出了改进的方向[3-6]。部分研究人员研究叶片型线、尾缘形状、厚度分布、载荷分布等叶轮的几何参数对离心泵压力脉动的影响,并提出对几何参数进行调整以降低离心泵压力脉动的设计方法[7-14]。还有研究人员研究了蜗壳、导叶、分流叶片等部件与叶轮在动静干涉、旋转失速等方面对压力脉动的影响,并提出对其几何形状进行调整以降低压力脉动的措施[15-18]。
本文在研究了离心泵的流致振动机理后,得出通过设置分列式叶片、切削尾缘等方法可以降低离心泵低频域压力脉动幅值,并提出通过DOE方法优化离心泵叶片厚度分布的设计方法,以及利用反向旋涡假想正向设计离心泵叶轮的叶片厚度分布的设计方法[19]。
对在特种船舶上使用的泵来说,振动指标是优先级最高的性能指标,为了降低一款用于特种船舶的蜗壳式离心泵的振动指标,本文研究分析了其内部流场情况,并基于内部流场形态分析,针对其压力脉动性能进行叶片局部增厚改进设计,考虑到制造成本、安装限制等因素,改进设计仅对叶轮进行重新设计并适配原有离心泵其他部件,无需改造泵体,具有方便快捷、改造成本低、对水力性能影响较低的优点,可推广到其他离心泵的压力脉动性能改进。
研究对象为一台蜗壳式单级单吸离心泵,设计流量为120 m3/h,设计扬程为20 m,额定转速1 475 r/min,比转速为104。其主要过流部件结构如图1所示,主要参数见表1。
离心泵设计流量为120 m3/h,设计扬程为20 m,额定转速1 475 r/min,比转速为104。离心泵的原型叶轮采用等厚度分布叶片,叶片厚度为3 mm。改进型叶片基于原型叶轮的子午面、型线参数,在流动方向通过样条曲线对叶片厚度分布进行定义。图2示出原型叶轮和改进型叶轮的叶片在叶轮流向上的分布,横坐标0位置代表叶轮入口,100%位置代表叶轮出口,原型叶轮的叶片等厚度分布,改进型叶轮的叶片厚度分布曲线由样条曲线的6个控制点定义。
改进型叶轮在0,20%,60%,80%,90%,100%位置分别设置叶片厚度为3.0,4.5,13.0,14.0,8.0,5.0 mm,以实现叶片的局部增厚,叶片呈中间厚、两端薄的形态。原型和改进型的叶片间流道和叶轮模型如图3所示。
本文的定常和非定常模拟采用ANSYS Fluent软件,边界条件设置为速度入口和压力出口,定常模拟选择Realizable k-ε湍流模型和多参考系设置,选择SIMPLEC算法对压力场和速度场进行耦合,湍流模型选用SST k-ω模型,时间步长设置为1.129 94×10-4 s,对应叶轮旋转1°所需的时间,每个时间步迭代20次,共模拟2 880个时间步,取后面1 800个时间步数据进行分析,即共模拟旋转8圈,取后5圈数据进行分析。
图4示出泵的叶轮和蜗壳的安装关系和结构示意,以及计算模型的4个流域及其网格,分别为叶轮、蜗壳及入、出口延伸管,其中,叶轮和出口段采用六面体结构化网格,叶轮壁面网格局部加密,蜗壳和入口段采用非结构化网格。
图5示出叶轮和蜗壳两个关键流域Y+的情况。其中,叶轮的近壁面区域网格Y+值整体在20以内,蜗壳的近壁面区域网格Y+值整体在80以内,该网格Y+值在兼顾网格经济性的基础上基本满足计算精度需求。
叶轮和蜗壳的网格数量对离心泵数值模拟结果会有关键影响,选取5组不同网格数量的模型,对设计工况情况进行定常模拟,以分析网格无关性。如表2所示,当叶轮网格数达到256万,蜗壳网格数达到109万,总网格数达到435万后,扬程变化小于0.1%,综合考虑计算精度和网格经济性,选取方案4作为计算网格方案。
在非定常模拟中,蜗壳内的叶轮出口圆周、近壁面和出口位置共设置了12个压力脉动监测点,以监测两款叶轮的压力脉动情况,监测点布局如图6所示。
为了验证数值模拟的准确性,对原型叶轮进行试验测试,试验系统如图7所示。测试时所使用的仪表型号、测量精度和测量范围如表3所示。
原型叶轮的试验测试和定常模拟结果、改进型叶轮的定常模拟结果如图8所示。
在扬程方面,原型叶轮的试验测试和定常模拟结果的流量-扬程曲线基本相符,改进型的流量-扬程曲线略微低于原型,主要原因为改进型叶轮的叶片中段厚度相对原型叶轮的叶片有一定增加,该变化改变了叶片间流道形状,减小了局部过流面积,也使改进型叶轮的叶片正面后段的叶片安放角有所减小,一定程度上使叶轮的最高效率点向小流量方向产生偏移,也降低了叶轮的做功能力。
在效率方面,原型叶轮的试验测试效率比模拟效率曲线低约8%,主要原因是数值模拟的计算区域未包含叶轮前后盖板间隙、口环间隙及摩擦损失,但原型的模拟结果和试验结果的效率曲线趋势相近,最佳效率点在略大于设计流量的位置。改进型叶轮的最佳效率点略微左移,在设计流量点附近,在小于120 m3/h的流量范围内,改进型叶轮效率更高,在大于120 m3/h的范围内,原型叶轮效率更高,改进型叶轮和原型叶轮的效率最高值基本相同。
考虑到该泵的运行工况主要为设计流量点,且应用场景主要针对泵的振动控制提出较高要求,因此,在水力性能方面,改进型叶轮基本能够达到原型叶轮的指标。
如图8所示,对两款叶轮模型水力性能的对比表明,叶片局部增厚设计能满足水力性能的要求,在此基础上,对比原型和改进型叶轮稳态仿真结果,进一步分析局部增厚设计对叶轮内流场的调节效果。图9示出原型和改进型叶轮叶片间流道的相对速度分布云图。
在原型叶轮中,叶片正面存在面积较大的低速区,主要是由于其等厚度叶片对于流体的控制能力较弱,叶轮内部在流体惯性作用下产生二次流。改进型叶轮的叶片正面低速区面积更小,正面和背面的速度差更小,整体来看其正背面速度分布均匀性更高。叶轮内流体的绝对速度圆周分量Cu与叶轮中流体的动能直接相关,其分布可以反映叶轮内能量分布情况。图10示出两款叶轮叶片间流道的Cu分布情况。
由图可见,两款叶轮的尾缘背面均存在较高能量区域,反映了叶轮出口处的能量周向分布不均匀性,这正是压力脉动的来源之一。对比两款叶轮的高能量区形态可以发现改进型叶轮的高能量区范围更小,分布更加均匀。
为了进一步分析两款叶轮出口的能量周向分布均匀性,图11示出了叶轮出口圆周的Cu分布,从图中可以看出,2种叶轮的Cu值都在圆周方向波动,其波动是由于叶片尾缘影响,波动趋势整体接近。107.2°~117.2°和257.2°~267.2°周向位置处为蜗壳隔舌处,在非对称出流条件和动静干涉影响下波动较大。
叶轮出口圆周Cu值标准差大小能够定量反映叶轮出口圆周的能量周向分布均匀性。原型叶轮的Cu值标准差为1.632,改进型叶轮的Cu值标准差为1.427,改进型叶轮降低了12.6%。若将近蜗壳隔舌区域的Cu值去除,排除蜗壳隔舌干扰,得到原型叶轮的Cu值标准差为1.532,改进型叶轮为1.284,改进型叶轮降低了16.2%。结果表明,采用叶片局部增厚设计的改进型叶轮有更高的出口能量分布均匀性。
压力脉动能够有效表征泵的振动情况,在设计工况下对2种叶轮进行非定常模拟,分析叶轮出口各监测点处的压力脉动情况。
图12示出叶轮出口周围的P1~P6监测点处的压力脉动情况,各监测点处的压力随着叶轮旋转呈现周期性波动,改进型叶轮的压力脉动幅度明显低于原型叶轮。图13示出对P1~P12监测点压力脉动进行快速傅里叶变换处理得到的频谱图。图中,123 Hz为1倍叶频,是各监测点最大的振幅分量所在频率,通过对比可以发现,改进型叶轮各监测点的叶频及其倍频相对原型叶轮显著降低。其中,P11,P12位于蜗壳扩散管的出口附近,距离叶轮和隔舌较远,整体压力脉动水平低,其振幅的叶频处分量也显著低于其他监测点。
离心泵的1倍叶频属于低频振动,是实际使用中重点关注的性能指标。图14示出各监测点叶频压力脉动幅值,其中,改进型叶轮各监测点在叶频处的压力脉动幅值相对原型叶轮降低了16.4%~49.4%,表明经过叶片局部增厚设计的改进型叶轮能有效降低离心泵的低频振动。
为了更进一步比较2种叶轮的压力脉动强度,采用标准差的算法求得压力脉动强度,并对叶轮出口处的动扬程进行无量纲处理,得到压力脉动强度系数Cp*如下:
Cp*=1N∑j=0N-1p˜n,t0+j∆t21 /2/12ρU22
式中,N为采样点数;p˜为特定位置和时刻的压力脉动值;n为各采样点的空间位置标识;t0为初始采样时刻;j为采样点序列号;∆t为采样时间间隔;ρ为流体密度;U2为叶轮出口处圆周速度。
U2通过所定义的压力脉动强度系数表征泵内压力脉动情况。图15示出采用原型叶轮和改进型叶轮后,在0.9~1.2倍设计流量点工作时,泵内压力脉动系数的分布情况。由图可见,原型和改进型叶轮泵内压力脉动系数水平最低的工况都是设计流量点,主要由于在设计流量点,叶轮和蜗壳内的流体流速和各过流部件的几何参数匹配较好,二次流产生较少,流场整体形态较优;若偏离设计流量点,易产生二次流,影响流场整体均匀性,进而增强压力脉动。另外,采用改进型叶轮后,泵内压力脉动强度系数明显降低,蜗壳隔舌附近区域尤为明显。
上述分析表明,通过叶片局部增厚设计改进能够降低泵内压力脉动强度,进而抑制泵振动。与此同时,也需要考虑到改变叶轮叶片几何形状会使叶轮模态发生改变,影响泵系统的振动[20]。但从本文的改进方法来看,原型叶轮的前后盖板几何形状未作变动,仅对叶轮作了局部增厚,叶轮增厚以后,预计其刚度提升,叠加压力脉动降低的优势,叶轮的振动量级较未增厚前会降低。在泵叶轮的改进设计中,考虑叶轮模态变化给泵系统带来的影响值得未来进行进一步的深入研究。
(1)采用叶片局部增厚设计方法设计的改进型叶轮能够达到与原型相当的扬程和效率指标。改进型叶轮水力性能和原型接近,2种叶轮的模拟扬程仅相差0.3 m,最高效率相差1%以内,改进型叶轮的最佳效率点相对原型叶轮从130 m3/h左移到120 m3/h。其最佳效率点存在向小流量的偏移,虽然改进型叶轮在大流量处的效率降低,但是该泵的运行工况主要在设计流量点,且主要关注指标是振动性能,因此,基本上能替代原型泵。
(2)改进型叶轮的叶片局部增厚设计通过改变叶片间流道、叶片安放角等方式提高了对流体的控制,减少了叶片正面低速区的面积和影响程度。改进型叶轮出口圆周主要区域的绝对速度圆周分量Cu数值标准差比原型叶轮降低了16.2%,表明叶轮出口周向能量分布更加均匀,为降低压力脉动创造条件。通过非定常模拟验证发现,采用叶片局部增厚设计能够显著降低叶轮出口圆周各监测点的压力脉动幅值,特别是在1倍叶频处的低频区域,最高降幅达到49.4%,有效抑制离心泵的低频振动,泵内压力脉动强度也整体降低。
(3)叶片局部增厚设计方法仅改变叶片流向厚度分布,无需改变子午面、叶轮型线等叶轮参数和蜗壳、导叶等过流部件,拥有改进成本较低、高效便捷的优点,能够推广应用到其他离心泵改进设计中。

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2025年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.05.004
  • 接收时间:2024-10-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25
  • 修回日期:2025-02-05
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    1天津大学 机械工程学院,天津 300354
    2浙江万能弹簧机械有限公司,浙江 绍兴 312400
    3浙江大学 能源工程学院,杭州 310027
    4常州大学 机械与轨道交通学院,江苏 常州 213164
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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