Article(id=1319293191606620188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, issueId=1319293088569344063, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720108800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-05, revisedDate=1736870400000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792473608161, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1745942400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792473608161, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792473608161, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792473608161, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319293088569344063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, year='2025', volume='53', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745942400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792473583595, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792473583595, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=110, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319293191833112605, articleId=1319293191606620188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=EN, title=The influence of blade arrangement on the vibration characteristics of self‑priming jet stirring, columnId=null, journalTitle=Fluid Machinery, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the influence of the blade arrangement mode on the vibration characteristics of the self‑priming jet impellers,a combination of experimental and numerical methods was adopted. A comparative analysis was conducted on the fluid flow characteristics and mixing power consumption in stirred tanks with co‑directional(SJI) and staggered(PSJI) blade configurations,along with an evaluation of vibration differences under static and prestressed modal conditions. The results show that the staggered blade arrangement generates upward and downward jet flows,increasing fluid flow complexity. Under power‑law fluid conditions,compared to SJI,the viscosity and mixing power consumption around PSJI blades decreased by 1.2% and 4.0%,respectively,while the maximum stress of PSJI increased by 8.86%. Modal analysis revealed the largest vibration mode differences between the 1st/2nd‑order static and prestressed modes,with PSJI vibration amplitudes exceeding SJI by 14%~18% due to blade arrangement effects. Analysis of the 6th‑order modes showed that the liquid-solid coupling had less influence on PSJI vibration modes than on SJI,with maximum vibration amplitudes occurring at the jet outlet. The staggered configuration enhanced bottom fluid flow,intensified shear-thinning effects on power‑law fluids,and reduced power consumption. This study provides insights for the optimal design and application of stirred impellers.

, authors=Jing ZHANG, Zijian ZHENG, Mingyang LI, Simiao CHENG, Bin GONG, authorsList=Jing ZHANG, Zijian ZHENG, Mingyang LI, Simiao CHENG, Bin GONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bin GONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319293194043510836, articleId=1319293191606620188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, language=CN, title=桨叶布置方式对自吸射流搅拌振动特性的影响, columnId=1317484300472271469, journalTitle=流体机械, columnName=应用技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了探究桨叶布置方式对自吸射流搅拌桨振动特性的影响,采用试验和模拟相结合的方法,对比研究了桨叶同向(SJI)和交错(PSJI)布置的搅拌槽内流体流动特性及搅拌功耗,并分析了静模态和预应力模态下搅拌桨振动特性的差异。结果表明,桨叶交错布置形成的上冲、下冲射流增加了搅拌槽内流体流动的复杂性;幂律流体工况下,PSJI桨叶周围流体的黏度和搅拌功耗比SJI分别降低1.2%和4.0%,PSJI最大应力比SJI高8.86%;模态分析中,第1,2阶静模态与预应力模态下的振型差异最大,受桨叶布置方式影响,PSJI振型比SJI高出14%~18%;以第6阶静模态和预应力模态下的振型为例进行分析,流动介质对PSJI振型的影响小于SJI搅拌桨,振型最大值均出现在射流出口处;交错布置的桨叶强化了搅拌槽底部流体流动,增强了对幂律流体的剪切稀化作用,降低了搅拌功耗。研究可为搅拌桨的优化设计和应用提供参考。

, authors=张静, 郑子健, 李明洋, 程思淼, 龚斌, authorsList=张静, 郑子健, 李明洋, 程思淼, 龚斌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=龚斌, authorNote=

张静(1971),女,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为化工过程强化,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
龚斌(1973),男,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为化工过程强化,通信地址:110142 辽宁省沈阳市经济技术开发区11号街沈阳化工大学机械与动力工程学院,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过互联网进行网络出版或提供信息服务。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=fWXJUGC53/+1UQ6UbCoUNw==, magXml=ZNqRmfu0UiWRQ+HyZpL6dQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YTCn8djJpFXKZlja6pQbVw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=YKjcs/VmsJwBlCcYgKR+ow==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319293195985473595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293191606620188, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2501474185@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319293196060971069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293191606620188, authorId=1319293195985473595, language=EN, stringName=Jing ZHANG, firstName=Jing, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319293196128079934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293191606620188, authorId=1319293195985473595, language=CN, stringName=张静, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=沈阳化工大学 机械与动力工程学院,沈阳 110142, bio={"content":"

张静(1971),女,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为化工过程强化,E-mail:。

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张静(1971),女,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为化工过程强化,E-mail:。

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shear‑thinning fluid[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2022,22(6):792-801., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319293195897393207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293191606620188, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293195905781816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293191606620188, companyId=1319293195897393207, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319293195914170425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293191606620188, companyId=1319293195897393207, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=沈阳化工大学 机械与动力工程学院,沈阳 110142)])], 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Effect of blade arrangement method on the values of σf

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数静模态
fd/Hz
预应力模态σf
(介质为水)
预应力模态σf
(介质为CMC溶液)
SJIPSJISJIPSJISJIPSJI
1217.5213.50.36%0.37%0.34%0.37%
2217.5214.00.36%0.38%0.33%0.38%
3537.6536.6-0.01%-0.10%-0.11%-0.10%
4718.8719.4-0.01%-0.16%-0.20%-0.17%
5761.3762.0-0.02%0.01%-0.17%0.03%
6761.4771.7-0.01%-0.32%-0.22%-0.34%
71 295.41 275.20.00%-0.05%-0.03%-0.04%
81 295.41 329.40.00%-0.02%-0.05%-0.01%
92 375.12 377.20.00%-0.18%-0.17%-0.16%
102 419.32 420.80.00%0.01%-0.10%0.01%
112 419.52 462.00.00%-0.16%-0.12%-0.15%
122 458.62 514.80.00%-0.22%-0.19%-0.20%
), ArticleFig(id=1319293202281123957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293191606620188, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

桨叶布置方式对σf值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数静模态
fd/Hz
预应力模态σf
(介质为水)
预应力模态σf
(介质为CMC溶液)
SJIPSJISJIPSJISJIPSJI
1217.5213.50.36%0.37%0.34%0.37%
2217.5214.00.36%0.38%0.33%0.38%
3537.6536.6-0.01%-0.10%-0.11%-0.10%
4718.8719.4-0.01%-0.16%-0.20%-0.17%
5761.3762.0-0.02%0.01%-0.17%0.03%
6761.4771.7-0.01%-0.32%-0.22%-0.34%
71 295.41 275.20.00%-0.05%-0.03%-0.04%
81 295.41 329.40.00%-0.02%-0.05%-0.01%
92 375.12 377.20.00%-0.18%-0.17%-0.16%
102 419.32 420.80.00%0.01%-0.10%0.01%
112 419.52 462.00.00%-0.16%-0.12%-0.15%
122 458.62 514.80.00%-0.22%-0.19%-0.20%
), ArticleFig(id=1319293202469867638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293191606620188, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Effect of blade arrangement method on the values of σA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数静模态
Ad/mm
预应力模态σA
(介质为水)
预应力模态σA
(介质为CMC溶液)
SJIPSJISJIPSJISJIPSJI
168.6281.260.02%0.08%0.00%0.08%
268.6278.350.02%0.01%0.00%0.01%
3180.09183.050.02%0.49%-0.17%0.47%
4196.67199.190.05%0.26%-0.91%0.32%
5276.32276.670.05%-0.05%-0.54%-0.05%
6276.07276.17-0.05%3.37%-0.02%3.06%
7148.89153.520.28%0.08%2.37%0.10%
8148.88153.890.29%0.01%2.40%-0.01%
9157.63167.510.01%4.85%-1.47%5.27%
10175.54170.740.42%0.42%-0.71%0.50%
11175.32176.330.43%5.29%-0.92%4.78%
12165.81159.550.13%-0.82%-0.77%1.02%
), ArticleFig(id=1319293202545365111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781260334530699, articleId=1319293191606620188, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

桨叶布置方式对σA值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数静模态
Ad/mm
预应力模态σA
(介质为水)
预应力模态σA
(介质为CMC溶液)
SJIPSJISJIPSJISJIPSJI
168.6281.260.02%0.08%0.00%0.08%
268.6278.350.02%0.01%0.00%0.01%
3180.09183.050.02%0.49%-0.17%0.47%
4196.67199.190.05%0.26%-0.91%0.32%
5276.32276.670.05%-0.05%-0.54%-0.05%
6276.07276.17-0.05%3.37%-0.02%3.06%
7148.89153.520.28%0.08%2.37%0.10%
8148.88153.890.29%0.01%2.40%-0.01%
9157.63167.510.01%4.85%-1.47%5.27%
10175.54170.740.42%0.42%-0.71%0.50%
11175.32176.330.43%5.29%-0.92%4.78%
12165.81159.550.13%-0.82%-0.77%1.02%
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桨叶布置方式对自吸射流搅拌振动特性的影响
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张静 , 郑子健 , 李明洋 , 程思淼 , 龚斌
流体机械 | 应用技术 2025,53(4): 110-118
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流体机械 |应用技术 2025 , 53 (4) : 110 -118
桨叶布置方式对自吸射流搅拌振动特性的影响
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张静 , 郑子健, 李明洋, 程思淼, 龚斌
作者信息
  • 沈阳化工大学 机械与动力工程学院,沈阳 110142
通讯作者:
龚斌(1973),男,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为化工过程强化,通信地址:110142 辽宁省沈阳市经济技术开发区11号街沈阳化工大学机械与动力工程学院,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张静(1971),女,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为化工过程强化,E-mail:。

The influence of blade arrangement on the vibration characteristics of self‑priming jet stirring
Jing ZHANG , Zijian ZHENG, Mingyang LI, Simiao CHENG, Bin GONG
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,China
出版时间: 2025-04-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.015
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为了探究桨叶布置方式对自吸射流搅拌桨振动特性的影响,采用试验和模拟相结合的方法,对比研究了桨叶同向(SJI)和交错(PSJI)布置的搅拌槽内流体流动特性及搅拌功耗,并分析了静模态和预应力模态下搅拌桨振动特性的差异。结果表明,桨叶交错布置形成的上冲、下冲射流增加了搅拌槽内流体流动的复杂性;幂律流体工况下,PSJI桨叶周围流体的黏度和搅拌功耗比SJI分别降低1.2%和4.0%,PSJI最大应力比SJI高8.86%;模态分析中,第1,2阶静模态与预应力模态下的振型差异最大,受桨叶布置方式影响,PSJI振型比SJI高出14%~18%;以第6阶静模态和预应力模态下的振型为例进行分析,流动介质对PSJI振型的影响小于SJI搅拌桨,振型最大值均出现在射流出口处;交错布置的桨叶强化了搅拌槽底部流体流动,增强了对幂律流体的剪切稀化作用,降低了搅拌功耗。研究可为搅拌桨的优化设计和应用提供参考。

自吸射流搅拌桨  /  桨叶布置方式  /  幂律流体  /  流固耦合  /  模态分析

In order to explore the influence of the blade arrangement mode on the vibration characteristics of the self‑priming jet impellers,a combination of experimental and numerical methods was adopted. A comparative analysis was conducted on the fluid flow characteristics and mixing power consumption in stirred tanks with co‑directional(SJI) and staggered(PSJI) blade configurations,along with an evaluation of vibration differences under static and prestressed modal conditions. The results show that the staggered blade arrangement generates upward and downward jet flows,increasing fluid flow complexity. Under power‑law fluid conditions,compared to SJI,the viscosity and mixing power consumption around PSJI blades decreased by 1.2% and 4.0%,respectively,while the maximum stress of PSJI increased by 8.86%. Modal analysis revealed the largest vibration mode differences between the 1st/2nd‑order static and prestressed modes,with PSJI vibration amplitudes exceeding SJI by 14%~18% due to blade arrangement effects. Analysis of the 6th‑order modes showed that the liquid-solid coupling had less influence on PSJI vibration modes than on SJI,with maximum vibration amplitudes occurring at the jet outlet. The staggered configuration enhanced bottom fluid flow,intensified shear-thinning effects on power‑law fluids,and reduced power consumption. This study provides insights for the optimal design and application of stirred impellers.

self⁃priming jet impeller  /  blade arrangement  /  power⁃law fluid  /  liquid-solid coupling  /  modal analysis
张静, 郑子健, 李明洋, 程思淼, 龚斌. 桨叶布置方式对自吸射流搅拌振动特性的影响. 流体机械, 2025 , 53 (4) : 110 -118 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.015
Jing ZHANG, Zijian ZHENG, Mingyang LI, Simiao CHENG, Bin GONG. The influence of blade arrangement on the vibration characteristics of self‑priming jet stirring[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2025 , 53 (4) : 110 -118 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.015
搅拌混合是化工、制药和食品等工业生产中重要的操作单元,搅拌桨结构形式对搅拌釜内流体流动状态有较大影响[1-4]。为了提高混合性能,扩大搅拌桨在流体中的动量传递区域,桨叶错位布置[5]对强化幂律流体搅拌混合具有明显的优势。栾德玉等[6]研究发现,错位大弯叶搅拌桨有效消除了搅拌槽内双涡环对称结构,桨叶应力沿径向分布更均匀。冉绍辉等[7]研究表明,错位Rushton搅拌桨功率略低,载气性能强。刘作华等[8]研究错位Rushton搅拌桨发现,混合时间和混沌程度等参数均优于标准Rushton搅拌桨。任伟等[9]等对错位断带式螺带桨叶结构的研究表明,错位断带桨叶有效增强了颗粒的对流过程,相对连续螺带提升了混合效果。朱桂华等[10]提出错位六叶螺旋桨搅拌槽内流体非周期流动消除了隔离区,扩大了搅动范围。LIU等[11]研究了黄原胶水溶液与空气的混合过程,Large‑double‑blade搅拌桨兼具Maxbland开孔和Full‑zone板片错位的结构特点,在黏度范围较宽的物料混合中具有一定优势和潜力。从错位桨的研究成果看,非牛顿流体是主要研究介质。由于流场和桨叶之间的耦合关联性,在流体的阻尼作用下桨叶发生了变形,流场对搅拌桨的振动特性起到了决定性作用,尤其是黏度较大的幂律流体,对搅拌桨的破坏作用增强[12-13]。预应力模态下固有频率和振型决定了工作状态下桨叶变形[14-15]和设备振动特性[16-17]。
本团队研发的自吸射流搅拌桨利用倾斜空心管作为搅拌桨叶,在离心力的作用下形成自吸和射流流动,强化了搅拌混合过程。研究表明,空心管倾斜方向不同时会形成上冲射流[18]和下冲射流[19],张成松等[20]提出交错布置桨叶可以有效消除流动隔离现象,尤其是针对流动性较差的高黏度流体,射流破坏了搅拌槽内旋流流动,上冲和下冲两股射流相互间形成扰动,增强径向和轴向的混合性能[21]。
本文采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了桨叶同向(SJI)和交错(PSJI)两种布置方式下,自吸射流搅拌槽内以水和质量分数为0.5%羧甲基纤维素水溶液(简称CMC溶液)为介质的流体力学特性和搅拌桨振动特性,为自吸射流搅拌桨叶布置方式在实际工程应用中提供设计依据。
自吸射流搅拌装置如图1所示,所有试验均在内径T=300 mm,液位高度H=T的搅拌槽内进行。搅拌轴驱动电机功率为250 W,扭矩M使用DYN-200型电机动态扭矩传感器进行测量,并使用D054N型扭矩控制仪导出测量数据。其中,试验和数值模拟研究对象为桨叶同向(SJI)和交错(PSJI)布置的自吸射流搅拌桨。
搅拌桨由搅拌轴、桨叶及支架组成,搅拌轴直径w=20 mm,4个桨叶周向均匀分布,轴与桨叶之间设置支架。桨叶均为刚性中空管(自吸射流管),长度L=70 mm,内径di=6 mm,外径do=9 mm。上冲搅拌桨叶安装高度C=H/3,下冲桨叶安装高度C´=H/5,直径D=T/2。自吸射流管与搅拌轴夹角β=45º,组成PSJI的相邻两根自吸射流管交错布置。
数值模拟模型分为流体域和固体域两部分,流体域又分为静子区和转子区,对模型进行网格划分和计算域离散,网格划分方案如图2所示。
流体域中的静子区采用结构化网格进行划分,转子区结构复杂,采用非结构化网格进行划分。搅拌轴、射流管和支架交界面上的流体网格采用Curvature and Proximity功能进行加密处理。由搅拌轴、射流管、支架组成的固体域采用四面体非结构化网格进行划分,并用Curvature功能细化高曲率局域网格。
设置静子区和转子区流体网格尺寸分别为13,11 mm,8,6 mm,6,4 mm和6,3 mm共4种网格方案,获得总网格数量分别为537 774,815 485,1 128 139和1 422 387。搅拌轴及支架设置网格尺寸为4 mm,射流管网格尺寸为1 mm。网格总数约为21万。以流动介质为CMC溶液、搅拌转速N=120 r/min的工况进行网格无关性分析。图3(a)示出了图2中线1上流体流动速度,图3(b)示出了下冲射流桨叶与支架相连的边界线(线2)的应力分布。通过模拟计算分析,网格数为1 128 139和1 422 387计算得到的线1上速度的算术平均偏差为6.1%,线2上应力算术平均偏差为0.29%。综合考虑计算精度和运行时间,确定计算的流体域内静子区和转子区网格尺寸分别为6,4 mm,网格总数约为113万。
对N为60~300 r/min的SJI和PSJI搅拌槽内流场进行研究,以23 ℃水为流动介质,其雷诺数范围为22 392~111 962。计算采用Standard k-ε湍流模型,近壁面流动利用标准壁面函数求解。
流体动量守恒方程:
∇⋅uu-τ/ρ=f/ρ
其中,
τ=-p+μ∇⋅uI+2μe
e=12∇u+∇uT
式中,u为速度;τ为剪切应力张量;ρ为密度;f为流体体积力;p为压力;μ为动力黏度;e为速度应力张量。
针对23 ℃条件下质量分数为0.5%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,利用Discovery HR-2型旋转流变仪测量了剪切应力和黏度随剪切速率的变化曲线,拟合得到CMC溶液的流变参数。利用幂律流体模型描述剪切稀化流体在流动过程中的表观黏度:
η=Kγn-1
式中,η为表观黏度,Pa∙s;K为CMC溶液的稠度系数,K=0.030 9 Pa∙sn;γ为剪切速率,s-1;n为流变指数,n=0.937 3。
搅拌槽内流体流动雷诺数的计算式[22-24]:
Re=ρND2/(60η)
以CMC溶液为流动介质的雷诺数范围为849~4 245,数值模拟采用Laminar层流模型和Standard k-ε湍流模型。设置搅拌槽壁面和底面为无滑移壁面,顶面为Symmetry,采用SIMPLE算法求解速度和压力耦合,湍流模型的动量、湍流动能及湍流耗散率采用二阶迎风格式进行离散,层流模型的动量方程使用二阶迎风格式离散求解,收敛残差均设置为10-4。
由流体流动模拟计算获得的结果,导出流固耦合交界面流体压力。桨叶、支架和搅拌轴材料均为S304不锈钢,流体压力施加于搅拌桨壁面,并满足流体与固体的应力、位移等变量守恒。对搅拌轴施加约束,搅拌轴作回转运动,旋转速度恒定。重力加速度g=9.806 6 m/s2,方向为z轴负向。以转速N=120 r/min为例,图4(a)示出PSJI搅拌桨约束设置,图4(b)示出流固耦合边界压力分布。
基于流动介质为水和CMC溶液,数值模拟计算了两种布置方式下搅拌槽内流体流动。搅拌转速N=120 r/min 工况下,SJI和PSJI轴截面上流线和黏度分布如图5所示。
由图5(a)可以看出,自吸射流管下侧外部流体被吸入管内,并由下侧向上侧流动,形成上冲射流,在搅拌槽内部形成内循环流动。图5(b)分别截取下冲和上冲射流管所在两个轴截面组合而成。与SJI相比,PSJI下冲射流有效提高了搅拌槽底部的流场混合,黏度分布体现了PSJI对搅拌槽底部流体具有较好的剪切稀化能力。童松豪等研究表明,随着CMC质量分数增加,表观黏度提高,离散相粒子在剪切速率较低的位置发生聚集,提高剪切稀化能力有利于非均相混合[23-29]。
对多个转速下SJI和PSJI转子区流体动力黏度面积权重平均值进行对比分析,如图6所示。
从图中可以看出,转速N在60~300 r/min范围内,转子区域平均黏度均随转速的增加而减小,且在相同转速下,SJI搅拌槽内介质的动力黏度均大于PSJI。计算研究范围内所有工况下转子区动力黏度平均值,SJI的动力黏度比PSJI高出1.2%。
分析表明,PSJI的下冲射流有效搅动了搅拌槽内底部流场,避免高黏度区域的形成,降低了混合过程中的阻力。同时,PSJI搅拌槽内介质的动力黏度更低,提高了非均相分散能力。在同种工况下,PSJI搅拌槽内流体混合的更充分,降低了混合过程中的能耗,体现出PSJI对流体具有更好的剪切稀化能力。
在N=60~300 r/min范围内取9组转速,测量了试验介质为CMC溶液,室温为23 ℃工况下搅拌桨的扭矩,计算出搅拌桨在不同转速下的搅拌功耗。搅拌功耗P计算式为:
P=2πNM
图7示出两种布置方式下自吸射流搅拌桨数值模拟与试验计算获得的搅拌功耗对比。
从图中可以看出,随着搅拌转速的增加,搅拌功耗非线性增长,SJI的搅拌功耗均值比PSJI分别高出4.0%(数值模拟)和4.4%(试验),说明PSJI具有降耗增效的优势。试验值比模拟值略高,最大偏差为8.6%,平均偏差为7.0%。由此可见,该自吸射流搅拌桨流固耦合数值模拟计算方案可行。
采用流固耦合计算得到流动介质为水和CMC溶液下,两种桨叶布置方式对搅拌桨变形与应力分布的影响。图8示出转速N=120 r/min时搅拌桨的变形结果,可以看出,4种工况下搅拌桨最大变形量均出现在桨叶端部。介质为水时,PSJI的最大变形量相比SJI高出0.02%;介质为CMC溶液时,PSJI的最大变形量相比SJI降低0.53%;以CMC溶液为流动介质的变形量相较以水为流动介质高出约4.6%。结果表明,较高黏度的幂律流体对搅拌桨变形影响远大于低黏度的牛顿流体,自吸射流管布置方式对桨叶变形量影响不大。
图9示出流动介质为水和CMC溶液条件下,两种桨叶布置方式对自吸射流搅拌桨等效应力分布的影响。可以看出,应力较高的区域分布在搅拌轴、支架、自吸射流管的连接处,最大应力均发生在轴与支架连接位置。在4种工况下,PSJI搅拌桨的最大应力均大于SJI。流动介质为水时,PSJI的最大应力相比SJI高出6.95%;流动介质为CMC溶液时,PSJI最大应力相比SJI高出8.86%;以水为流动介质的搅拌桨最大应力相较以CMC溶液为流动介质的搅拌桨仅高出0.92%。结果表明,较高黏度的幂律流体对搅拌桨最大应力值的影响小于低黏度的牛顿流体,自吸射流管交错布置对桨叶最大应力值的影响大于同向布置的搅拌桨。
考虑到搅拌桨最大应力点位于支架与搅拌轴的连接处,容易造成机械失效。因此,在所研究的搅拌转速范围内,对以CMC溶液为流动介质下的搅拌桨最大变形量和最大应力进行分析,如图10所示。
从图中可以看出,SJI和PSJI最大应力范围在1.095 8~26.458 MPa之间,远低于搅拌桨材质的最大许用应力,因此,可以得出搅拌桨在所研究的工况范围内安全可靠。
为了研究搅拌桨在不同阻尼条件下的振动特性,利用模态分析求解搅拌转速N=120 r/min下的固有频率和振型,为不同载荷条件下搅拌桨结构设计提供依据。搅拌桨振动特性分析包括静模态、以水和CMC溶液为介质的预应力模态。
对SJI和PSJI搅拌桨进行静模态和预应力模态分析,计算同阶固有频率差值(fd-fw)与静模态固有频率fd的比值σf,前12阶固有频率的σf值如表1所示。可以看出,在介质为水的情况下,SJI和PSJI两种桨叶布置方式下固有频率未发生明显的变化,比值σf均小于0.4%。其中,SJI和PSJI的最大频率差值均出现在第1阶和第2阶,静模态固有频率范围在213.5~217.5 Hz。对于第1阶和第2阶,预应力模态的固有频率均低于静模态0.33%~0.38%。
对第3~12阶的σf值进行比较发现,桨叶同向布置的预应力模态固有频率比静模态高,以CMC溶液为流动介质的σf值比介质为水的工况高出1~2个数量级。桨叶交错布置时两种流动介质的预应力模态下固有频率非常接近,第5阶和第10阶的预应力模态下,固有频率略低于静模态,其他阶均高于静模态。表明两种布置方式下桨叶在搅拌过程中,没有产生明显的预应力效应,不同流动介质对桨叶交错布置的PSJI搅拌桨的固有频率影响小于同向布置的SJI搅拌桨。
计算同阶振型差值(Ad-Aw)与静模态振型Ad的比值σA,前12阶振型的σA值如表2所示。静模态前12阶振型最小值发生在第1阶和第2阶,SJI搅拌桨为68.62 mm,PSJI的值略高,分别为81.26 mm和78.35 mm,而且比值σA也较小。振型最大值发生在第5阶和第6阶,约为276 mm。由表中可以看出,考虑流固耦合作用,以水为流动介质情况下两种布置方式搅拌桨σA差值低于CMC溶液。CMC溶液下SJI搅拌桨第7阶和第8阶预应力振型值明显减小,其他阶预应力振型不变或增加。PSJI搅拌桨的σA值第6,9,11阶的值较高,说明在这三阶预应力模态下振型较静模态高,但两种流动介质条件下的σA值非常接近,表明不同流动介质对桨叶交错布置的PSJI搅拌桨的振型影响小于同向布置的SJI搅拌桨。
表1和表2的分析表明,桨叶布置方式和流动介质对振动特性有一定影响,搅拌过程中,容易造成搅拌桨变形及失效。为此选择了同向布置SJI和交错布置PSJI搅拌桨的第6阶振型,图11示出静模态及以水和CMC溶液为介质的预应力模态下的振型特性对比。可以看出,SJI搅拌桨静模态和介质为水的预应力模态,振型最大值均出现在2#和4#桨叶射流出口处;流动介质为CMC溶液时,振型最大值出现在1#和3#桨叶射流出口处;对于PSJI搅拌桨,静模态和预应力模态下振型最大值均出现在1#和3#下冲射流桨叶的射流出口处。
在搅拌混合过程中,黏性和惯性作用下搅拌槽内流体产生涡流和涡旋,使流体的速度、压力、黏度等流动特性发生改变,引起搅拌桨振动特性的变化。由此可见,搅拌桨预应力模态和静模态之间的频率和振型差异是由搅拌桨结构形式和流动介质的物性参数共同作用导致。交错布置的桨叶增强了剪切稀化能力,桨叶周围流体黏度较低而且分布更均匀,降低了流动阻力。在较宽的黏度范围内,PSJI搅拌桨的固有频率和振型受介质影响小于同向布置的SJI搅拌桨,表明桨叶错位布置有助于进一步提高搅拌桨的适用性。
(1)相同工况下,随着转速的增大,SJI的动力黏度较PSJI高出1.2%。PSJI对幂律流体的剪切稀化能力更强,有利于搅拌槽底部混合。同时,SJI搅拌功耗大于PSJI,即PSJI具有降耗增效的优势。
(2)较高黏度的幂律流体对搅拌桨变形影响大于低黏度的牛顿流体,等效应力受搅拌桨布置方式影响较大。
(3)两种布置方式的桨叶在搅拌过程中,没有产生明显的预应力效应,不同流动介质对PSJI搅拌桨的固有频率影响小于SJI搅拌桨。
(4)不同布置方式和不同流动介质,对搅拌桨振型最大值均产生了一定的影响,但变化幅度均未超过6%。振型最大值均发生在搅拌桨射流出口位置。

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2025.04.015
  • 接收时间:2024-07-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-05
  • 修回日期:2025-01-15
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    沈阳化工大学 机械与动力工程学院,沈阳 110142

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龚斌(1973),男,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为化工过程强化,通信地址:110142 辽宁省沈阳市经济技术开发区11号街沈阳化工大学机械与动力工程学院,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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