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The elastically supported offshore wind turbine drivetrain is the critical transmission equipment to transmit megawattlevel power. Under the couplings of stochastic wind and waves, its dynamic characteristics will be affected by the combined effects of stochastic aerodynamic loads and inertial loads caused by the largescale motion of the supporting platform, leading to complex vibration characteristics. To reduce the influence of stochastic wind and waves on the vibration responses of the offshore wind turbine drivetrain, taking a 6.2 MW offshore wind turbine drivetrain as the research object, a rigid flexible coupling dynamic model of the elastically supported offshore wind turbine drivetrain is established. The mapping relationships among the operation condition parameters, supporting parameters, and vibration responses of the key components are constructed through the surrogate model, and then the optimization model of the elastic support parameters of the offshore wind turbine drivetrain under multiple operation conditions is constructed. The optimization effects under the multiple operation conditions are compared. The results show that the increase of the nacelle motion and input torque will significantly enlarge the vibration responses of the main shaft bearing and the generator stator. The elastic support parameter optimization can effectively weaken these influences on the vibration responses of the main shaft bearing and the generator stator, and its improvement effect becomes more significant as the average wind speed increases. This study has important theoretical reference significance for improving the longterm stable operation ability of the floating wind turbine drivetrain under the couplings of stochastic wind and waves.

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弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链在随机风浪耦合作用下,会受到因支撑平台大范围运动而产生的随机气动载荷与惯性载荷的综合影响,振动特性极为复杂。为了降低随机风浪对海上风电机组传动链振动响应的影响,文章以某6.2 MW 海上风电机组传动链为研究对象,建立了弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链刚柔耦合动力学模型,提出了基于代理模型的工况参数、支撑参数与海上风电机组传动链关键构件振动响应之间映射关系的重构方法,构建了多工况下海上风电机组传动链弹性支撑参数优化模型,对比了不同工况下海上风电机组传动链减振效果。研究结果表明:机舱运动与输入转矩增大会显著增加主轴轴承与发电机定子振动响应;优化弹性支撑参数可以有效降低机舱运动与输入转矩对主轴轴承与发电机定子振动响应的影响,其改善效果会随着平均风速的增加而愈加明显。此研究对提高海上风电机组传动链在随机风浪耦合作用下长期稳定运行的能力具有重要理论参考意义。

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谭建军(1991-),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向为风机传动链动力学领域。E-mail:

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谭建军(1991-),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向为风机传动链动力学领域。E-mail:

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谭建军(1991-),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向为风机传动链动力学领域。E-mail:

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Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975., articleTitle=Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154432941661868728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=IEC 61400-3, An International Design Standard for Offshore Wind Turbines (2005), refType=null, unstructuredReference=IEC 61400-3, An International Design Standard for Offshore Wind Turbines (2005)[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154432940399383189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, awardId=2020M673125, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金面上基金(2020M673125), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154432940508435095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, awardId=2021XM1030, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后研究项目(2021XM1030), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154432934950982080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154432934967759297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, companyId=1154432934950982080, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 CSIC (Chongqing)Haizhuang Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd. 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figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154432938713272928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Schematic diagram of the floating wind turbine drivetrain, figureFileSmall=PaVSNveN8qrC0UGxRTHYOQ==, figureFileBig=HREb49wbKruXNu+mOfF6rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432938771993186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=海上风电机组传动链简图, figureFileSmall=PaVSNveN8qrC0UGxRTHYOQ==, figureFileBig=HREb49wbKruXNu+mOfF6rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432938830713444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Connection between the hub and main shaft, figureFileSmall=739oEkvlLM8C7ASTV6um7Q==, figureFileBig=rch3/ptFedk58JBxuyV6ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432938889433702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=轮毂与主轴连接, figureFileSmall=739oEkvlLM8C7ASTV6um7Q==, figureFileBig=rch3/ptFedk58JBxuyV6ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432938943959656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Finite element polycondensation model of the gearbox housing, figureFileSmall=DiMt0Fvmv31dovYyXBsYbQ==, figureFileBig=MUait8fMTsW0Yd0uuGllmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432939002679914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=齿轮箱箱体有限元缩聚模型, figureFileSmall=DiMt0Fvmv31dovYyXBsYbQ==, figureFileBig=MUait8fMTsW0Yd0uuGllmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432939057205868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Diagram of floating wind turbine 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label=Table 1, caption=Basic gear parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 模数/mm 齿数 压力角/(°)
低速行星级 太阳轮 24 32 20
行星轮 29
内齿圈 93
中间行星级 太阳轮 17 23 20
行星轮 47
内齿圈 118
高速平行级 大齿轮 10 143 20
小齿轮 32
), ArticleFig(id=1154432939803792002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=齿轮基本设计参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 模数/mm 齿数 压力角/(°)
低速行星级 太阳轮 24 32 20
行星轮 29
内齿圈 93
中间行星级 太阳轮 17 23 20
行星轮 47
内齿圈 118
高速平行级 大齿轮 10 143 20
小齿轮 32
), ArticleFig(id=1154432939887678085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Drivetrain elastic support parameters $\mathrm{{kN}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 齿轮箱 发电机
垂向刚度 300 15
水平刚度 3 44
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参数 齿轮箱 发电机
垂向刚度 300 15
水平刚度 3 44
), ArticleFig(id=1154432940009312903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Optimal parameters of the elastic support stiffness under different conditions $\mathrm{{kN}}/\mathrm{{mm}}$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化参数 刚度
${x}_{1}$ ${1.078} \times {10}^{7}$
${x}_{2}$ ${6.967}\;1 \times {10}^{8}$
${x}_{3}$ ${1.497}\;2 \times {10}^{8}$
${x}_{4}$ ${3.926}\;9 \times {10}^{7}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154432940059644553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=多工况下最优弹性支撑刚度参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化参数 刚度
${x}_{1}$ ${1.078} \times {10}^{7}$
${x}_{2}$ ${6.967}\;1 \times {10}^{8}$
${x}_{3}$ ${1.497}\;2 \times {10}^{8}$
${x}_{4}$ ${3.926}\;9 \times {10}^{7}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154432940118364812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Environmental conditions of the wind and wave for the floating offshore wind turbine, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平均风速 有义波高/m 谱峰周期/s
6 0.32 2.53
8 0.57 3.38
10 0.89 4.22
12 1.29 5.07
14 1.75 5.91
16 2.29 6.67
22 4.32 9.29
24 5.14 10.14
), ArticleFig(id=1154432940252582544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432890050958311, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=海上风电机组整机风浪联合环境工况, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平均风速 有义波高/m 谱峰周期/s
6 0.32 2.53
8 0.57 3.38
10 0.89 4.22
12 1.29 5.07
14 1.75 5.91
16 2.29 6.67
22 4.32 9.29
24 5.14 10.14
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多工况下弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链支撑参数优化
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谭建军 1, 2, 3 , 杨书益 2 , 余芷玲 2 , 董晔弘 1
可再生能源 | 2024,42(9): 1211-1218
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(9): 1211-1218
多工况下弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链支撑参数优化
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谭建军1, 2, 3 , 杨书益2, 余芷玲2, 董晔弘1
作者信息
  • 1 中国船舶重工集团海装风电股份有限公司 重庆 401122
  • 2 重庆大学 机械传动国家重点实验室 重庆 400044
  • 3 重庆大学 电气工程学院 重庆 400044
  • 谭建军(1991-),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向为风机传动链动力学领域。E-mail:

Supporting parameter optimization of offshore wind turbine drivetrain considering elastic supports under multiple operation conditions
Jianjun Tan1, 2, 3 , Shuyi Yang2, Zhiling Yu2, Yehong Dong1
Affiliations
  • 1 CSIC (Chongqing)Haizhuang Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
  • 3 School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
出版时间: 2024-09-20
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弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链在随机风浪耦合作用下,会受到因支撑平台大范围运动而产生的随机气动载荷与惯性载荷的综合影响,振动特性极为复杂。为了降低随机风浪对海上风电机组传动链振动响应的影响,文章以某6.2 MW 海上风电机组传动链为研究对象,建立了弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链刚柔耦合动力学模型,提出了基于代理模型的工况参数、支撑参数与海上风电机组传动链关键构件振动响应之间映射关系的重构方法,构建了多工况下海上风电机组传动链弹性支撑参数优化模型,对比了不同工况下海上风电机组传动链减振效果。研究结果表明:机舱运动与输入转矩增大会显著增加主轴轴承与发电机定子振动响应;优化弹性支撑参数可以有效降低机舱运动与输入转矩对主轴轴承与发电机定子振动响应的影响,其改善效果会随着平均风速的增加而愈加明显。此研究对提高海上风电机组传动链在随机风浪耦合作用下长期稳定运行的能力具有重要理论参考意义。

海上风电机组  /  传动链  /  弹性支撑  /  优化

The elastically supported offshore wind turbine drivetrain is the critical transmission equipment to transmit megawattlevel power. Under the couplings of stochastic wind and waves, its dynamic characteristics will be affected by the combined effects of stochastic aerodynamic loads and inertial loads caused by the largescale motion of the supporting platform, leading to complex vibration characteristics. To reduce the influence of stochastic wind and waves on the vibration responses of the offshore wind turbine drivetrain, taking a 6.2 MW offshore wind turbine drivetrain as the research object, a rigid flexible coupling dynamic model of the elastically supported offshore wind turbine drivetrain is established. The mapping relationships among the operation condition parameters, supporting parameters, and vibration responses of the key components are constructed through the surrogate model, and then the optimization model of the elastic support parameters of the offshore wind turbine drivetrain under multiple operation conditions is constructed. The optimization effects under the multiple operation conditions are compared. The results show that the increase of the nacelle motion and input torque will significantly enlarge the vibration responses of the main shaft bearing and the generator stator. The elastic support parameter optimization can effectively weaken these influences on the vibration responses of the main shaft bearing and the generator stator, and its improvement effect becomes more significant as the average wind speed increases. This study has important theoretical reference significance for improving the longterm stable operation ability of the floating wind turbine drivetrain under the couplings of stochastic wind and waves.

offshore wind turbine  /  drivetrain  /  elastic support  /  optimization
谭建军, 杨书益, 余芷玲, 董晔弘. 多工况下弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链支撑参数优化. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (9) : 1211 -1218 .
Jianjun Tan, Shuyi Yang, Zhiling Yu, Yehong Dong. Supporting parameter optimization of offshore wind turbine drivetrain considering elastic supports under multiple operation conditions[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (9) : 1211 -1218 .
传动链是海上风电机组中传递兆瓦级功率的重要传动装置,在随机风浪耦合作用下,传动链会受到因海上支撑平台大范围运动而产生的随机气动载荷与惯性载荷的综合影响, 导致其振动特性极为复杂, 机组运行失稳风险高, 严重时甚至造成停机 [ 1 ] 。因此,开展海上风机传动链减振优化具有重要意义。
弹性支撑作为支撑风电机组传动链的重要结构, 其弹性设计可以有效隔离和吸收部分振动能量。学者们针对弹性支撑风电机组传动链动力学开展了深入研究, 文献[ 2 ]分析了弹性支撑参数对传动链动态特性的影响, 发现弹性支撑参数会显著影响传动链动态特性。文献[ 3 ]分析了弹性支撑对传动链固有频率的影响, 发现弹性支撑会增加主轴和扭力臂位置的轴向、径向载荷。文献[ 4 ] 通过传动链振动特性分析, 指出不合理的 “双弹性支撑 ”容易加剧齿轮箱和发电机轴不对中。文献[ 5 ]开展了弹性支撑浮式风电机组传动链结构解耦动力学分析, 对比了不同结构解耦边界对传动链动态响应的影响。文献[ 6 ]提出了一种双层弹性支撑结构。此外,部分学者针对弹性支撑材料、 形状等特性开展了减振性能分析与研究。文献[ 7, 8 ] 对弹性支撑橡胶的材料及其力学特性开展了研究。
综上可知, 优化弹性支撑参数可以有效降低传动链振动响应, 已有研究可为陆上风电机组传动链弹性支撑参数优化提供有效指导。然而, 在随机风浪耦合作用下,海上风电机组传动链会受到因支撑平台大范围运动而产生的随机气动载荷与惯性载荷的综合影响, 相比于陆上风电机组传动链, 其振动特性更加复杂, 弹性支撑参数优化难度大。本文以某 6.2 MW 海上风电机组传动链为研究对象, 通过建立传动链系统刚-柔耦合动力学模型, 开展多工况下弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链支撑参数优化。
海上风电机组传动链主要由风轮、主轴、齿轮箱、联轴器、发电机以及弹性支撑等部件组成,如 图 1 所示。
齿轮箱传动系统由两级行星轮系与一级定轴轮系组成, 在齿轮箱箱体两侧扭力臂处安装弹性支撑, 在发电机定子底座安装弹性支撑, 沿轴线对称分布。某型海上风电机组传动链参数见 表 1表 2
弹性支撑本体质量远小于齿轮箱、发电机质量, 因此将弹性支撑简化为线性刚度-阻尼单元, 其动力学方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} M\ddot{X}+ C\dot{X}+ {KX}= F\left( t\right)\\{F}_{f}= C\dot{X}+ {KX}\end{array}\right.$
式中: $M$ 为齿轮箱或发电机质量; $K$ 为弹性支撑刚度; $C$ 为弹性支撑阻尼; $F\left( t\right)$ 为作用在齿轮箱或发电机上的载荷激励, 其中包含由海上平台运动而产生的惯性载荷; ${F}_{f}$ 为通过弹性支撑传递到机架上的载荷。
建模时将轮毂视作刚体, 采用模态综合法将主轴建为柔性体 [ 9 ] ,如 图 2 所示。通过轮毂有限元模型,计算轮毂扭转刚度,作为刚体轮毂与柔性主轴之间的连接刚度。
为提高齿轮箱传动系统仿真精度, 采用模态综合法将齿轮箱箱体、行星架以及部分传动轴建为柔性体。 图 3 所示为齿轮箱箱体模态缩聚模型。
将轴承支撑刚度等效为考虑耦合效应的 6 自由度线性刚度矩阵。
${\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{b}}= \left\lbrack \begin{array}{llllll}{K}_{xx}& {K}_{xy}& {K}_{xz}& {K}_{xu}& {K}_{xv}& {K}_{xw}\\{K}_{yx}& {K}_{yy}& {K}_{yz}& {K}_{yu}& {K}_{yv}& {K}_{yw}\\{K}_{zx}& {K}_{zy}& {K}_{zz}& {K}_{zu}& {K}_{zv}& {K}_{xw}\\{K}_{ux}& {K}_{uy}& {K}_{uz}& {K}_{uu}& {K}_{uw}& {K}_{uw}\\{K}_{vx}& {K}_{vy}& {K}_{vz}& {K}_{vu}& {K}_{vv}& {K}_{vw}\\{K}_{vx}& {K}_{vx}& {K}_{vx}& {K}_{vx}& {K}_{vx}& {K}_{vx}\end{array}\right\rbrack $
式中: $x, y, z$ 分别为水平、垂直和轴向的平动自由度; $u, v, w$ 分别为水平、垂直和轴向的转动自由度。
轴承支撑阻尼矩阵形式与式 (2)一致, 不再详述。
根据弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链拓扑结构,建立弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链 SIMPACK 动力学模型( 图 4 )。其中,轮毂与主轴连接采用 FE43 号力元模拟, 弹性支撑采用 FE5 号力元模拟, 轴承采用 FE43 号力元模拟, 联轴器采用 FE13 号力元模拟, 发电机转子反馈扭矩采用 FE50 力元模拟。
采用振动功率流法评价传动链各部件振动能量分布情况。
$ E =\frac{1}{{T}_{0}}\mathop{\lim }\limits_{{{T}_{0}\rightarrow \infty }}{\int }_{0}^{{T}_{0}}F\left( t\right) V\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t $
式中: $E$ 为部件某节点在一个周期 ${T}_{0}$ 的振动能量强度; $F\left( t\right)$ 为作用在该节点的载荷; $V\left( t\right)$ 为该节点瞬时速度。
以主轴轴承节点 $x, y$ 方向振动能量最小作为优化目标,并将 $z$ 向振动能量不大于优化前计算值作为约束条件之一; 以发电机定子底座 $x, y, z$ 方向振动能量不大于优化前计算值作为约束条件之二。具体的弹性支撑参数优化函数为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\min F\left( x\right)= {\left\lbrack {P}_{m, x}\left( x\right),{P}_{m, y}\left( x\right)\right\rbrack }^{\mathrm{T}}\\\text{ s.t.}x \in \Omega \end{array}\right.$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{P}_{\mathrm{m}, z}\left( x\right)\leq {\left({P}_{\mathrm{m}, z}\right)}_{\max }\\{P}_{\mathrm{{gen}}, x}\left( x\right)\leq {\left({P}_{\mathrm{{gen}}, x}\right)}_{\max }\\{P}_{\mathrm{{gen}}, y}\left( x\right)\leq {\left({P}_{\mathrm{{gen}}, y}\right)}_{\max }\\{P}_{\mathrm{{gen}}, z}\left( x\right)\leq {\left({P}_{\mathrm{{gen}}, z}\right)}_{\max }\end{array}\right.$
式中: $x ={\left({x}_{1},{x}_{2},{x}_{3},{x}_{4}\right)}^{\mathrm{T}};{P}_{m, x}\left( x\right),{P}_{m, y}\left( x\right),{P}_{\mathrm{m}, z}\left( x\right)$ 分别为主轴轴承在 $x, y, z$ 方向的振动能量; ${P}_{\mathrm{{gen}}, x}\left( x\right)$ , ${P}_{\mathrm{{gen}}, y}\left( x\right),{P}_{\mathrm{{gen}}, z}\left( x\right)$ 分别为发电机定子在 $x, y, z$ 方向的振动能量; $\Omega$ 为优化的可行域,即选取初始刚度设计值 ${0.2}\sim 5$ 倍 [ 15 ] , ${1500}\rbrack \mathrm{{kN}}/\mathrm{{mm}},{x}_{3}\in \left\lbrack {{8.8},{220}}\right\rbrack \mathrm{{kN}}/\mathrm{{mm}},{x}_{4}\in \left\lbrack {3,{75}}\right\rbrack$ kN/mm)。
为实现多工况下弹性支撑参数优化设计,本文采用权重系数 $\left({k}_{n}\right)$ 衡量工况影响 [ 10 ] ,可得多工况下弹性支撑参数优化函数为
$\min {f}_{\sum }= {k}_{1}{f}_{1}+ {k}_{2}{f}_{2}+ \cdots +{k}_{n}{f}_{n}$
式中: ${k}_{i}\left({i \in \left\lbrack {1, n}\right\rbrack }\right)$ 为第 $i$ 种工况对应的权重系数; ${f}_{i}\left({i \in \left\lbrack {1, n}\right\rbrack }\right)$ 为第 $i$ 种工况对应的优化函数,本文将通过代理模型进行构建[ 11 ]。
Kriging 模型运用变异函数理论对数据点进行加权估计 [ 12 ]
$ y\left( x\right)= f\left({\mathbf{\beta }, x}\right)+ z\left( x\right)= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 1}}^{k}{\mathbf{\beta }}_{i}{f}_{i}\left( x\right)+ z\left( x\right)$
式中: $f\left({\mathbf{\beta }, x}\right)= f{\left( x\right)}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathbf{\beta }$ ,其中 $f{\left( x\right)}^{\mathrm{T}}$ 为回归方程的基函数, $\mathbf{\beta }$ 为回归方程的系数向量; $z\left( x\right)$ 为高斯响应过程(均值为 0,方差为 ${\sigma }^{2}$ )。
通过径向基函数模型对不同函数进行线性加权可得 [ 13 ] :
$ y\left( x\right)= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}{w}_{i}\phi \left({r}_{i}\right)$
式中: ${w}_{i}$ 为加权系数; $\phi \left({r}_{i}\right)= \phi \left(\begin{Vmatrix}{x -{x}_{i}}\end{Vmatrix}\right)$ 为径向基函数。
图 5 所示为优化流程图。
首先,在指定工况下,根据实验设计 [ 10 ] ,确定弹性支撑参数的训练样本点集(x),进而修改动力学模型对应参数并进行求解; 其次, 分别利用 Kriging 模型、径向基函数构建弹性支撑参数-部件振动能量代理模型; 再次, 利用测试样本点集对所构建的代理模型进行精度评价,选取 ${R}^{2}$ (试验样本回归偏差平方和与总偏差平方和之间的比值)作为代理模型精度评价指标, 确定代理模型类型;最后,改变工况参数并重复上述过程。
采用遗传算法对式(6)进行参数寻优 [ 14 ] 。设置最优个体系数为 0.5 , 种群数量为 200 , 最大迭代次数为 300 ,适应度函数偏差为 0.01 。优化后的弹性支撑参数如 表 3 所示。
海上机组平台运动会影响百米高塔架位置与姿态,改变机舱空间位置,使大质量、大惯量传动链部件产生惯性载荷。为了分析机舱运动对优化效果的影响,分别在 0.25 倍、 0.50 倍、0.75 倍、1.00 倍额定扭矩(5873.6kNm)作用下,对比了含机舱运动与不含机舱运动的各构件振动情况( 图 6 )。
图 6 可知: 机舱运动会增大主轴轴承与发电机定子振动能量,尤其是前者;随着输入扭矩的增加, 齿轮箱箱体、输出轴与联轴器的振动能量逐渐增大。通过优化弹性支撑参数, 可以有效降低主轴轴承与发电机定子振动能量, 不易受到输入扭矩变化的影响。其中, 发电机定子减振效果最佳, 在 0.75 倍额定输入扭矩下的改善率[式(9)]达 75.2%。结果表明,当传动链稳定运行时,优化后的弹性支撑参数可以有效降低机舱运动对传动链各构件振动响应的影响。
${W}_{\mathrm{i}}= \left({{W}_{\mathrm{b}}- {W}_{\mathrm{a}}}\right)/{W}_{\mathrm{b}}$
式中: ${W}_{\mathrm{i}}$ 为部件振动能量改善率; ${W}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 为优化前部件振动能量; ${W}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 为优化后部件振动能量。
根据 IEC61400-3 标准可得正常发电工况时外部风浪联合环境工况 [ 15 ] ( 表 4 )。根据 表 4 所示风浪联合环境工况, 基于海上风电机组整机与传动
链之间的结构-载荷解耦方式 [ 13 ] ,首先在 SIMPACK 中建立海上风电机组整机动力学模型(将齿轮箱简化为质量块并以传动比代替),计算得到 6 自由度气动载荷与 6 自由度机舱位移, 再将其施加到本文建立的海上风电机组传动链刚-柔耦合动力学模型中,求解系统响应。
图 7 所示为弹性支撑参数优化前后的各构件振动速度有效值。由 图 7 可知:随着平均风速的增加,各构件振动速度有效值均逐渐增大, 优化后各构件减振效果也愈加明显;当平均风速为 ${24}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时, 优化后的主轴轴承、齿轮箱箱体扭力臂与发电机定子的减振效果最佳, 振动速度有效值最大分别降低了 49.37%,51.96%,70.00%。
图 8 所示为弹性支撑参数优化前后各构件振动能量对比。
对比 图 8图 6 可知, 在随机风浪耦合作用下,传动链各构件振动能量显著增大,其主要是由于复杂风浪环境导致传动链输入气动载荷与机舱运动具有随机性、波动性,加剧了系统振动。由 图 8 可知:随着平均风速的增加,各部件振动能量均逐渐增大;优化后各构件振动能量有所降低,并且随着平均风速的增加,其改善效果愈加明显;在平均风速为 ${24}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时,优化后主轴轴承、齿轮箱箱体、 输出轴和联轴器的振动能量分别降低了 53.78%, 30.51%, 0.98%, 7.56%; 发电机振动能量降低最为明显,最大与最小降幅分别为 77.90%和 64.41%。 结果表明, 优化后的弹性支撑参数可以有效降低随机环境工况对传动链各构件振动响应的影响。
本文以某 6.2 MW 海上风电机组传动链为研究对象, 建立了弹性支撑海上风电机组传动链刚-柔耦合动力学模型,构建了多工况下海上风电机组传动链弹性支撑参数优化模型, 对比了稳态工况与变速变载工况下海上风电机组传动链减振效果,得到以下结论。
①机舱运动会显著增大主轴轴承与发电机定子振动响应, 随着输入气动转矩的增加, 传动链各构件振动响应逐渐增大。
②在稳定运行工况下,优化弹性支撑参数可以有效降低机舱运动对主轴轴承与发电机定子振动响应的影响,且不易受到输入扭矩变化的影响。
③变速变载工况会加剧传动链各构件振动, 优化弹性支撑参数可以有效降低各构件振动响应, 其改善效果随着平均风速的增加而愈加明显。
  • 中国博士后科学基金面上基金(2020M673125)
  • 中国博士后研究项目(2021XM1030)
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2024年第42卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2023-01-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-16
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中国博士后科学基金面上基金(2020M673125)
中国博士后研究项目(2021XM1030)
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    1 中国船舶重工集团海装风电股份有限公司 重庆 401122
    2 重庆大学 机械传动国家重点实验室 重庆 400044
    3 重庆大学 电气工程学院 重庆 400044
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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