Article(id=1154432833734041647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154432826603720940, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1672329600000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753167835887, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1705680000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753167835887, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753167835887, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753167835887, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154432826603720940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='142', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753167834186, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694645959, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642435372540826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154432826603720940, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642435372540827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154432826603720940, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=22, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154432834472239153, articleId=1154432833734041647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Investigation on the performance of a novel compound parabolic concentrator coupled photothermal and photoelectric energy suppling, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The instantaneous heat collection of the nontracing compound parabolic concentrator is greatly affected by the incident angle. Therefore, in this paper, the PV module with a mirror on its backside was arranged above the focal spot of the traditional compound parabolic concentrator to realize the reuse of the escaped light and improve the solar energy conversion efficiency of the device. The ray tracing of the novel compound parabolic concentrator based on photothermal photovoltaic coupling energy supply was carried out with optical software, and the influence of radial incident angle on the light receiving rate was compared and analyzed. In the actual environment, the variation of the inlet and outlet temperature, instantaneous heat collection and output power of the novel compound parabolic concentrator with time were tested and studied. The results indicate that the light receiving rate of the novel compound parabolic concentrator is consistent with that of the traditional compound parabolic concentrator. When the radial incident angle is 20°, the light receiving rate of the novel compound parabolic concentrator is 89.00%, which is 72.82% higher than that of the traditional compound parabolic concentrator. In sunny days, the maximum outlet temperature, the photothermal conversion efficiency and the daily output power of the novel compound parabolic concentrator. are 34.20 °C, 73.40% and 118.40 W, respectively.

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非跟踪式复合拋物面聚光器瞬时集热量受入射偏角影响较大。文章通过在传统复合抛物面聚光器焦斑上方布置板背面为镜面的光伏组件,实现对逸出光线的再次利用,提高了装置的太阳能转化效率。利用光学软件对基于光热、光伏耦合供能新型复合拋物面聚光器进行了光线追迹,对比分析了径向入射偏角对光线接收率的影响。在实际环境中,测试、研究了新型复合拋物面聚光器进、出口温度、瞬时集热量、输出电功率等随时间的变化规律。结果表明,新型复合拋物面聚光器与传统复合抛物面聚光器的光线接收率随入射偏角变化趋势一致,当径向入射偏角为20°时,新型复合拋物面聚光器的光线接收率为89.00%,比传统复合抛物面聚光器增加了72.82%。在晴天集热中,新型复合拋物面聚光器最大出口温度为34.2℃,最大光热转化效率为73.40%,日输出电功率为118.40 W。

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常泽辉(1978-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事太阳能光热利用技术方面的研究。E-mail: 。
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1-空气出风管;2-实验台架;3-新型复合抛物面聚光器;4-玻璃盖板;5-单层玻璃管;6-手持辐照度计;7-多通道温度巡检仪;8-计算机;9-负载;10-直流变送器;11-直流调压器;12-离心风机;13-热线风速计;14-空气进风管;15-板背为镜面光伏组件;16-放射状金属接收体

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名称 几何参数/mm 光学参数/%
聚光器 长×高×宽 ${2000} \times {400} \times {700}$ 反射率90
玻璃盖板 长×宽×厚 ${2000} \times {700} \times 2$ 透射率92
单层玻璃管 长×直径×厚 ${2000} \times {110} \times 2$ 透射率92
接收体 长×直径×厚 ${2000} \times {105} \times 2$ 吸收率95
反射镜 长x宽x厚 ${2000} \times {200} \times 3$ 反射率92
), ArticleFig(id=1154432884019552922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432833734041647, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=新型复合抛物面聚光器几何参数与光学参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 几何参数/mm 光学参数/%
聚光器 长×高×宽 ${2000} \times {400} \times {700}$ 反射率90
玻璃盖板 长×宽×厚 ${2000} \times {700} \times 2$ 透射率92
单层玻璃管 长×直径×厚 ${2000} \times {110} \times 2$ 透射率92
接收体 长×直径×厚 ${2000} \times {105} \times 2$ 吸收率95
反射镜 长x宽x厚 ${2000} \times {200} \times 3$ 反射率92
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基于光热光伏耦合供能新型复合抛物面聚光器性能探究
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侯静 1 , 郭梓珩 2 , 常泽辉 2, 3 , 谭兆博 2
可再生能源 | 2024,42(1): 22-29
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(1): 22-29
基于光热光伏耦合供能新型复合抛物面聚光器性能探究
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侯静1, 郭梓珩2, 常泽辉2, 3 , 谭兆博2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古建筑职业技术学院 建筑设备与自动化工程学院 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010070
  • 2 内蒙古工业大学 能源与动力工程学院 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
  • 3 内蒙古工业大学 太阳能应用技术工程中心 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051

通讯作者:

常泽辉(1978-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事太阳能光热利用技术方面的研究。E-mail: 。
Investigation on the performance of a novel compound parabolic concentrator coupled photothermal and photoelectric energy suppling
Jing Hou1, Ziheng Guo2, Zehui Chang2, 3 , Zhaobo Tan2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Building Equipment and Automation Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction Hohhot 010070 China
  • 2 College of Energy and Power Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Technology Hohhot 010051 China
  • 3 Engineering Center of Solar Energy Utilization Technology Inner Mongolia University of Technology Hohhot 010051 China
出版时间: 2024-01-20
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非跟踪式复合拋物面聚光器瞬时集热量受入射偏角影响较大。文章通过在传统复合抛物面聚光器焦斑上方布置板背面为镜面的光伏组件,实现对逸出光线的再次利用,提高了装置的太阳能转化效率。利用光学软件对基于光热、光伏耦合供能新型复合拋物面聚光器进行了光线追迹,对比分析了径向入射偏角对光线接收率的影响。在实际环境中,测试、研究了新型复合拋物面聚光器进、出口温度、瞬时集热量、输出电功率等随时间的变化规律。结果表明,新型复合拋物面聚光器与传统复合抛物面聚光器的光线接收率随入射偏角变化趋势一致,当径向入射偏角为20°时,新型复合拋物面聚光器的光线接收率为89.00%,比传统复合抛物面聚光器增加了72.82%。在晴天集热中,新型复合拋物面聚光器最大出口温度为34.2℃,最大光热转化效率为73.40%,日输出电功率为118.40 W。

光热  /  光伏  /  耦合  /  聚光  /  太阳能

The instantaneous heat collection of the nontracing compound parabolic concentrator is greatly affected by the incident angle. Therefore, in this paper, the PV module with a mirror on its backside was arranged above the focal spot of the traditional compound parabolic concentrator to realize the reuse of the escaped light and improve the solar energy conversion efficiency of the device. The ray tracing of the novel compound parabolic concentrator based on photothermal photovoltaic coupling energy supply was carried out with optical software, and the influence of radial incident angle on the light receiving rate was compared and analyzed. In the actual environment, the variation of the inlet and outlet temperature, instantaneous heat collection and output power of the novel compound parabolic concentrator with time were tested and studied. The results indicate that the light receiving rate of the novel compound parabolic concentrator is consistent with that of the traditional compound parabolic concentrator. When the radial incident angle is 20°, the light receiving rate of the novel compound parabolic concentrator is 89.00%, which is 72.82% higher than that of the traditional compound parabolic concentrator. In sunny days, the maximum outlet temperature, the photothermal conversion efficiency and the daily output power of the novel compound parabolic concentrator. are 34.20 °C, 73.40% and 118.40 W, respectively.

photothermal  /  photovoltaic  /  coupling  /  concentrating  /  solar energy
侯静, 郭梓珩, 常泽辉, 谭兆博. 基于光热光伏耦合供能新型复合抛物面聚光器性能探究. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (1) : 22 -29 .
Jing Hou, Ziheng Guo, Zehui Chang, Zhaobo Tan. Investigation on the performance of a novel compound parabolic concentrator coupled photothermal and photoelectric energy suppling[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (1) : 22 -29 .
太阳能集热器的工作温度会影响其供热品位,工作温度越高,其供热品位越高 ${}^{11}$ ,受限于地球表面接收到太阳辐射能流密度较低, 传统太阳能集热器难以获得较高的集热温度, 而利用聚光集热技术,可以提高单位集热面积的工作温度,该技术主要包括反射式、透射式和混合式 3 种。其中, 复合抛物面聚光器 (Compound Parabolic Concentrator, CPC)是根据边缘光学原理和几何光学反射定律设计而成的非成像聚光器, 可实现固定放置或季节调整集热。就聚光性能而言,任何利用成像原理设计而成的系统都达不到非成像光学系统的聚光能力 [ 2 ] ,因此,该类型聚光器具有广阔的低碳供能应用前景 [ 3 ] 。复合抛物面聚光器具有易于加工、可吸收部分散射光、腔内光线汇聚等特点 [ 4 ] ,引起了研究人员的广泛关注 [ 5 - 8 ]
对聚光器结构优化设计是提高其性能的有效方法。吴德众 [ 9 ] 从光学性能角度优化、设计了复合抛物面聚光器的结构,研究了截取比对聚光比、弧长等的影响, 建立了能量传递数学模型, 并与测试结果进行对比验证, 为聚光器的优化设计提供了一种新的方法。赵耀华 [ 10 ] 提出了一种以空气为传热介质的复合抛物面聚光式集、蓄热一体化系统, 建立了复合抛物面聚光器吸收太阳辐射的理论模型,结果表明,太阳方位角在 $\pm {30}^{\circ }$ 内,该聚光器可吸收太阳辐射总量为 ${15.75}\mathrm{{MJ}}$ 。Ameri M [ 11 ] 研究了间隙漏光损失对玻璃真空管复合抛物面聚光器光学效率等的影响, 得到了影响几何聚光比关键因素,当几何聚光比为 1.63 时,太阳辐射接收率达到最高。
研究表明,为了提高复合抛物面聚光器的日有效集热时长,需要增大其接收半角,但几何聚光比随之减小。为此, 对传统复合抛物面聚光器结构进行创新设计具有重大意义。陈飞 [ 12 ] 为了解决复合抛物面聚光器存在的南边面形利用率低、遮挡光线等问题,构建了贝壳形复合抛物面聚光器数学模型,并利用激光可视装置对模型进行了验证。 刘雪东 [ 13 ] 在槽式复合抛物面聚光器入光口处增加了光伏组件, 集成了一种光热、光电耦合供能装置,结果表明,当入射偏角为 ${12}^{\circ }$ 时,装置光线接收率仍可达到 ${97.50}\%$ 。Roshdan W N A W [ 14 ] 根据建筑用能需求, 设计了一种新型非对称双通道光伏、光热太阳能空气集热器,在最佳流速条件下, 与非聚光装置相比,光热和光电转化效率分别提升 30.20%和 34.40%。
提高非跟踪复合抛物面聚光器对入射太阳辐射的接收能力一直是本领域的研究热点。本文根据已研发的复合抛物面聚光器光学特点, 通过在焦斑位置处、单层玻璃管上方安装板背面为镜面的光伏组件,设计出一种基于光热、光伏耦合供能的新型复合抛物面聚光器(下文简称新型复合抛物面聚光器), 光伏组件可对未被光热转化的逸出光线进行拦截再利用, 提升了聚光器对入射光线的接收能力。利用光学仿真软件 TracePro 对新型复合抛物面聚光器与传统复合抛物面聚光器内光线进行追迹分析, 得到光线接收率随径向入射偏角的变化规律, 在实际环境中, 测试、研究了运行工况对新型复合抛物面聚光器瞬时集热量、光热转化效率及输出电功率等影响。
新型复合抛物面聚光器结构参数及内部光线传输原理和 3D 模型如 图 1 所示。新型复合抛物面聚光器截面曲线为 ${ABCODEF}$ ,其中 ${AB},{COD}$ , ${EF}$ 段为抛物线, ${BC}$ 段和 ${DE}$ 段为直线, ${AF}$ 段为入光口,各段首尾相接构成聚光器封闭“腔体”。当光线 $a$$b$ 分别正入射到 $A, B$ 两点后被反射到单层玻璃管外壁 ${a}^{\prime },{b}^{\prime }$ ,则经反射面 ${AB}$ 反射一次的入射光线均会汇聚在 ${a}^{\prime }{b}^{\prime }$ 段上,入射到 $C$ 点和沿单层玻璃管外沿 ${b}^{\prime }$ 投射到 ${COD}$ 上的光线经反射后汇聚到单层玻璃管外壁 ${b}^{\prime }{c}^{\prime }$ 段上,则经 ${COD}$ 反射的入射光线均汇聚在 ${b}^{\prime }{c}^{\prime }$ 段上。而位于单层玻璃管上方的板背为镜面的光伏组件对正入射光线的影响较小。
1-传统复合抛物面聚光器;2-入光口(玻璃盖板);3-光伏组件;4-镜面;5-单层玻璃管;6-放射状金属接收体
对截面曲线沿轴向进行拉伸形成的新型复合抛物面聚光器 $3\mathrm{D}$ 模型如 图 1(b) 所示,其中单层玻璃管内插入等长的放射状金属接收体, 表面喷涂可选择性吸收涂层。
新型复合抛物面聚光器具备以下特点:①在焦斑位置放置内嵌放射状金属接收体的单层玻璃管, 可将传统玻璃真空管表面换热强化为放射状金属接收体内换热, 增加了接收体与传热介质的换热面积以及对入射辐射的转化能力; ②在玻璃管上方竖直放置板背面为镜面的光伏组件, 可以对逸出光线进行拦截再利用, 逸出光线能流密度大的一侧为光伏组件,可将逸出光线转化为电能, 逸出光线能流密度小的一侧为反射镜面, 可将逸出光线再次反射回聚光器;③聚光器在集热过程中形成的“温室”效应可以有效减少散热损失。
为了能够准确评价新型复合抛物面聚光器的光热性能,本文选用光线接收率 ${\eta }_{\mathrm{r}}$ 、逸光率 ${\eta }_{\mathrm{s}}$ 、瞬时集热量 ${Q}_{\mathrm{t}}$ 、光热转化效率 ${\eta }_{\mathrm{t}}$ 作为评价参数,其计算式如下:
①光线接收率 ${\eta }_{\mathrm{r}}$
${\eta }_{\mathrm{r}}\left(\alpha \right)= \frac{N\left(\alpha \right)}{N\left( 0\right)} $
式中: $N\left(\alpha \right)$ 为径向入射偏角为 $\alpha$ 时接收体吸收的光线数量,条; $N\left( 0\right)$ 为正入射时入射到复合抛物面聚光器入光口的光线数量,条。
② 逸光率 ${\eta }_{\mathrm{s}}$
${\eta }_{\mathrm{s}}\left(\alpha \right)= \frac{N\left( 0\right)- N\left(\alpha \right)}{N\left( 0\right)} $
③瞬时集热量 ${Q}_{\mathrm{t}}$
${Q}_{\mathrm{t}}= m{c}_{\mathrm{p}}\left({{T}_{\text{out }}- {T}_{\text{in }}}\right)$
式中: $m$ 为流经接收体表面空气的质量流量, $\mathrm{{kg}}/\mathrm{s};{c}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 为定性温度对应的空气比热容, $\mathrm{J}/\left({\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$ ; ${T}_{\text{in }},{T}_{\text{out }}$ 分别为玻璃管进口、出口空气温度, ${}^{o}\mathrm{C}$
④光热转化效率 ${\eta }_{\mathrm{t}}$
${\eta }_{\mathrm{t}}= \frac{{Q}_{\mathrm{t}}}{{\int }_{{\tau }_{1}}^{{\tau }_{2}}{G}_{\mathrm{{sun}}}\times {S}_{\mathrm{c}}\mathrm{d}\tau }$
式中: ${G}_{\text{sun }}$ 为聚光器入光口处的太阳辐照度, $\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2};{S}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为聚光器入光口面积, ${\mathrm{m}}^{2};{\tau }_{1},{\tau }_{2}$ 分别为测试时间起始点和结束点, $\mathrm{s}$
复合抛物面聚光器工作过程中, 当入射偏角小于接收半角时, 光线经过一次或多次反射后会全部被聚光器接收;而当入射偏角大于接收半角, 光线经过多次反射后将会逸出聚光器。复合抛物面聚光器对追日跟踪精度要求低主要在于其接收半角大。接收半角和几何聚光比是决定复合抛物面聚光器光学性能的重要参数, 当结构参数确定后, 上述两个参数也就成为定值, 通过分析聚光器在不同入射偏角下的光线接收率, 可以间接得知复合抛物面聚光器的光学性能。为此, 本文对传统复合抛物面聚光器和新型复合抛物面聚光器光学性能随入射偏角变化规律展开对比分析, 考虑到高纬度地区的实际应用, 仅对径向入射偏角变化条件下的光学性能进行仿真计算。
图 1 中新型复合抛物面聚光器的 3D 模型导入到光学仿真软件 TracePro 中。尽管地球表面接收到的太阳光线有 ${0.53}^{\circ }$ 的张角,但其对新型复合抛物面聚光器聚光性能的影响可忽略 [ 15 ] ,因此, 设置的入射光源为平行等距格点光源, 其发射的光线数量设置为 ${500}\times {200}$ 条,携带的辐射能量设置为 ${700}\mathrm{\;W}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 。根据 表 1 中结构数据对各部件的光学参数进行设置,其中,光伏组件规格尺寸为 ${2000.0}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {200.0}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {3.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,在光学仿真计算中,光伏组件正面设置为接收面,板背面设置为镜面。
新型复合抛物面聚光器是在保持传统抛物面聚光器聚光技术优势的前提下, 在逸出光线路径上, 布置可吸收和反射逸出光线的光伏组件。在非追日跟踪条件下对入射光线的接收能力和效率是检验其性能优劣的标准。为此, 在不同径向入射偏角条件下, 利用 Tracepro 对其内部光线进行追迹对比分析。
设置光源的轴向入射角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ ,径向入射偏角 $\alpha$$0 \sim {20}^{\circ }$ ,变化幅值为 ${10}^{\circ }$ 。新型复合抛物面聚光器是在传统复合抛物面聚光器基础上增加光伏组件和反射镜,其中光伏组件朝向为右,左侧为反射镜。聚光器内光线追迹如 图 2 所示, 其中左图为传统复合抛物面聚光器, 右图为新型复合抛物面聚光器。
图 2 可以看出,当入射偏角为 0 °时,入射光线经聚光器反射面后均汇聚于焦斑位置的圆柱型接收体表面(等同于内嵌接收体的单层玻璃管),两种聚光器性能一致。当入射偏角增大为 ${10}^{\circ }$ 时, 入射到传统复合抛物面聚光器两侧反射面上的部分光线经一次反射后逸出, 影响了该聚光器的光线接收能力;而新型复合抛物面聚光器右侧反射面部分光线经反射后被光伏组件接收。当入射偏角增大到 ${20}^{\circ }$ 时,新型复合抛物面聚光器内光伏组件接收的光线增多,同时,光伏组件板背反射的光线经底部抛物反射面二次反射后聚焦于圆柱接收体上, 在一个空腔内实现了板式接收体和圆柱接收体的耦合拦截, 明显提高了对入射太阳辐射的捕获能力。
图 3 为根据式(1)计算的两种复合抛物面聚光器光线接收率随入射偏角的变化结果。
图 3 可以看出, 传统复合抛物面聚光器的光线接收率随着径向入射偏角的增大而减小;新型复合抛物面聚光器的光线接收率受径向入射偏角影响较小,仅在入射偏角为 ${15}^{\circ }$ 有所减小。此外,随着径向入射偏角的增大,新型复合抛物面聚光器内光伏组件的光线接收率随之增加,而圆柱型接收体的光线接收率与传统复合抛物面聚光器的光线接收率始终保持相近。当径向入射偏角为 20 °时,新型复合抛物面聚光器内光伏组件的光线接收率为 38.00%,圆柱型接收体的光线接收率为 51.00%,此时新型复合抛物面聚光器的逸光率为 11.00%,比传统复合抛物面聚光器的逸光率减少了 77.30%,表明新型复合抛物面聚光器具有较好的光线接收能力。
除了理论上的径向入射偏角对复合抛物面聚光器光热性能有影响以外,在实际集热过程中,复合抛物面聚光器还会受到散射光、风速、玻璃盖板透光率等诸多因素的影响, 为进一步对比两种复合抛物面聚光器的实际集热性能差异, 本文搭建了聚光器性能测试实验系统, 测试分析两种复合抛物面聚光器的进、出口温度、瞬时集热量、光热转化效率等参数, 以及新型复合抛物面聚光器电功率输出性能。
复合抛物面聚光器性能对比测试实验系统由两种复合抛物面聚光器、空气介质换热单元、气象数据采集单元、运行数据记录单元、台架等组成, 结构示意如 图 4 所示。其中,新型复合抛物面聚光器由同规格传统复合抛物面聚光器内设光伏组件而成, 东西放置正南朝向, 保证正午时太阳光正入射聚光器内。测试仪器包括太阳能发电监测站系统(测量误差为 2%)、多通道温度巡检仪、热线风速仪(测量误差为 $\pm {0.45}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ )、热流仪(HFM-201, 日本京都电子公司)等,测温单元为 $\mathrm{K}$ 型热电偶 (测量精度为 $\pm {0.5}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ),并在测试前完成了测试仪器校核、标定。
在晴天条件下开展对比测试, 测试日期为 2022 年 10 月 15-20 日,测试时间优选为 9:00- 15:00,测试地点位于内蒙古呼和浩特市 $\left({{40}^{\circ }{50}^{\prime }}\right.$ N,111 °42 ′E) 太阳能光热产业示范基地,温度采集时间间隔为 $1\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,换热空气介质流速约为 3.0 $\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$
测试日的气象参数随集热时间变化趋势如 图 5 所示。
两种复合抛物面聚光器进、出口空气温度曲线如 图 6 所示。
图 6 可知, 新型复合抛物面聚光器与传统复合抛物面聚光器的进口温度与出口温度的变化趋势一致。其中,二者进口温度的变化曲线重合, 出口温度受太阳辐照度的影响, 其变化曲线随集热时间的延长呈现出明显的先增加后减小的变化趋势。在 11:50-12:10 ,两种复合抛物面聚光器的出口温度相近且均达到最大值, 新型复合抛物面聚光器出口温度为 ${34.2}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,传统复合抛物面聚光器出口温度为 ${33.3}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,二者仅相差 ${0.9}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}_{\circ }$ 考虑到测试所用 $\mathrm{K}$ 型热电偶的测试精度为 $\pm {0.5}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,所以认为此时两种复合抛物面聚光器的供热温度相同,表明当太阳光正入射时,两种复合抛物面聚光器将入射辐射转化为热能的能力相近,即增设光伏组件不会降低传统复合抛物面聚光器的聚光集热能力,这与前述光学仿真计算结果相符。
两种复合抛物面聚光器瞬时集热量随集热时间变化如 图 7 所示。
图 7 可知, 新型复合抛物面聚光器与传统复合抛物面聚光器的瞬时集热量变化趋势与入射太阳辐照度的变化趋势一致, 在正午前后达到最高值,分别为 ${701.80}\mathrm{\;W}$${683.50}\mathrm{\;W}$ ,仅差 ${2.68}\%$ , 且随着集热时间偏离正午时刻, 二者的瞬时集热量同步开始减小。这表明在相近的运行工况下,两种复合抛物面聚光器的集热能力相当,且在集热时间临近正午时,随着太阳辐照度值增加、径向入射偏角减小,二者的集热能力同时提升。新型复合抛物面聚光器最大光热转化效率为 ${73.40}\%$ ,平均光热转化效率为 64.90%。这说明在传统复合抛物面聚光器内, 增设光伏组件不会削弱其聚光集热能力, 还能将未被接收体光热转化的逸出光线拦截捕获, 并进行光电转化、输出电能, 无疑增加了传统复合抛物面聚光器的供能总量与种类, 使其兼具高品位电能和低品位热能的耦合供能特点。
新型复合抛物面聚光器内光伏组件的发电功率随时间变化曲线如 图 8 所示。
图 8 可知, 新型复合抛物面聚光器内光伏组件的发电功率呈先增加后减小的变化趋势, 但最大发电功率并未出现在太阳辐照度值最大的 ${12}: {00}$ ,而是出现在 ${11}: {30}$ 左右,为 ${0.54}\mathrm{\;W}$ ,比 12: 00 时发电功率高 10.20%。主要是因为光伏组件发电功率受到入射太阳辐射值和接收直射光的有效面积的双重影响,在 12:00 时,虽然入光口处的太阳辐照度值最大, 但此时入射光线与光伏组件表面平行, 光伏组件接收直射光的有效面积近似为零, 此时光电转化所需能量主要来自于聚光器内部的散射辐射;而在 11:30 时,部分入射太阳光经抛物反射面反射到光伏组件表面,光伏组件接收直射光的有效面积明显增大, 而此时的太阳辐照度值仅比 12:00 时减小 1.90%,因此光伏组件的发电功率峰值出现在 11:30 左右。在测试时间内, 新型复合抛物面聚光器输出总的电功率为 118.40 W。
本文研制一种基于光热、光电耦合供能新型复合抛物面聚光器, 利用光学仿真软件 Tracepro 对聚光器内光线传输进行追迹分析, 并与同规格尺寸的传统复合抛物面聚光器进行对比, 展示了两种复合抛物面聚光器的光线接收率受入射偏角影响的机理。基于光学仿真模拟结果, 在实际环境中,搭建复合抛物面聚光器性能测试实验系统,在额定换热介质流速下, 研究了新型复合抛物面聚光器与传统复合抛物面聚光器的进、出口空气温度、瞬时集热量、光热转化效率等性能参数变化规律, 并给出了新型聚光器内光伏组件的发电总功率。
①与传统复合抛物面聚光器相比,新型复合抛物面聚光器受径向入射偏角的影响较小。当径向入射偏角为 ${20}^{\circ }$ 时,新型复合抛物面聚光器光线接收率为 89.00%,比传统复合抛物面聚光器的光线接收率增加了 72.82%。
②在实际环境中,新型复合抛物面聚光器与传统复合抛物面聚光器的光热转化能力相近。在正午时分, 新型复合抛物面聚光器出口空气平均温度为 ${34.2}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、最大瞬时集热量为 ${701.80}\mathrm{\;W}$ ,与传统复合抛物面聚光器相差 ${0.9}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$${2.68}\%$ ,且新型复合抛物面聚光器的最大光热转化效率为 73.40%。
③新型复合抛物面聚光器除了可提供与同规格传统复合抛物面聚光器相近的热能以外, 还可以对外输出电能。测试时间内, 总发电功率为 ${118.40}\mathrm{\;W}$ ,通过多组新型复合抛物面聚光器的串并联集成, 可提升系统的发电能力。
新型复合抛物面聚光器的热能输出与电能输出在时间上是匹配的, 通过串联或并联设计, 光伏组件输出的电能可以驱动换热介质所用风机。单个聚光器内增设的光伏组件市场售价约为 100 元,占单个聚光器建造费用的 12%,量产后所占成本比例将会继续减小,其在太阳能资源丰富、电力设施匮乏地区供能具有良好的应用前景, 对由太阳能独立供能系统的产业化具有推动作用。
  • 2022年内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费资助项目
  • 国家自然科学基金(51966012)
  • 内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划(2022YFXZ0021)
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0085)
  • 内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY21371)
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2024年第42卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2022-12-30
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-30
基金
2022年内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费资助项目
国家自然科学基金(51966012)
内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划(2022YFXZ0021)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0085)
内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY21371)
作者信息
    1 内蒙古建筑职业技术学院 建筑设备与自动化工程学院 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010070
    2 内蒙古工业大学 能源与动力工程学院 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
    3 内蒙古工业大学 太阳能应用技术工程中心 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051

通讯作者:

常泽辉(1978-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事太阳能光热利用技术方面的研究。E-mail: 。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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