Article(id=1154432829028032551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154432826603720940, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688659200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753167834765, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1705680000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753167834765, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753167834765, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753167834765, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154432826603720940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='142', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753167834186, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694645959, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642435372540826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154432826603720940, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642435372540827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154432826603720940, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=95, endPage=103, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154432829564903465, articleId=1154432829028032551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Short-term load forecasting technology with distributed energy timing uncertainty, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In recent years, with the rapid growth of the scale of distributed photovoltaic deployment in cities and towns, the impact of random fluctuation characteristics of its output on urban load is also increasing. The traditional method is difficult to accurately predict the complex load fluctuation after largescale deployment of distributed photovoltaic system, which is not conducive to the safe and stable operation of power grid. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a shortterm load forecasting method considering distributed PV. Since the net load including distributed PV is the difference between the actual consumption load of the user side and the PV output, this paper first adopts the big data mining technology to analyze the characteristics of PV output and the userside load as well as the correlation between the two and their respective influencing factors before constructing input data, and selects the influential factors with high correlation as the input feature set of the net load prediction model. Secondly, the LSTM neural network prediction model integrating selfattention mechanism is constructed to deeply explore the characteristics of load sequence. The grey Wolf algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the prediction model and determine the model with the best prediction effect. Finally, an example simulation shows that the proposed method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of net load with distributed PV.
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随着城镇分布式光伏规模快速增长,其出力的随机波动特性对城镇负荷的影响也不断加剧。传统方法难以准确预测上述场景下的负荷变化规律,不利于电网的安全稳定运行。面对大规模分布式光伏接入的负荷预测场景,文章提出一种考虑分布式光伏影响下的短期负荷预测方法。光伏接入下的电网侧负荷为实际用电负荷与光伏出力之间的差值,因此,文章在构造输入数据之前,首先采用大数据挖掘技术,分析光伏出力和用户侧负荷特性以及二者与各自影响因素之间的相关性,通过特征构造选出相关性较大的影响因素作为负荷预测模型的输入特征集;然后构建融合自注意力机制的 LSTM 神经网络预测模型,深度挖掘负荷序列特征。采用灰狼算法对预测模型进行优化,确定预测效果最佳的模型。算例分析结果表明,文章所提方法能够有效提高含分布式光伏的净负荷预测精度。
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1 国网河北省电力有限公司 信息通信分公司 河北 石家庄 050000, bio={"content":"
杨小龙(1989-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为电气工程、智慧能源系统、虚拟电厂。E-mail: 277135930@qq.com。
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杨小龙(1989-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为电气工程、智慧能源系统、虚拟电厂。E-mail: 277135930@qq.com。
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2 State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., LTD. Shijiazhuang 050021 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154432867527549177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, authorId=1154432867368165618, language=CN, stringName=魏新杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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4 华北电力大学 电气与电子工程学院 北京 102206)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1154432868299301141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=distributed photovoltaic), Keyword(id=1154432868387381527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=correlation analysis), Keyword(id=1154432868437713176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=self-Attention mechanism), Keyword(id=1154432868479656217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=LSTM), Keyword(id=1154432868521599258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=grey wolf optimization algorithm), Keyword(id=1154432868571930907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=load forecasting), Keyword(id=1154432868622262556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=分布式光伏), Keyword(id=1154432868693565725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=相关性分析), Keyword(id=1154432868735508766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=自注意力机制), Keyword(id=1154432868773257504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=LSTM), Keyword(id=1154432868823589153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=灰狼优化算法), Keyword(id=1154432868911669538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=负荷预测)], refs=[Reference(id=1154432872288084298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=23, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王国法, 刘合, 王丹丹, journalName=中国科学院院刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王国法, 刘合, 王丹丹, 等. 新形势下我国能源高质量发展与能源安全[J].
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Distributed photovoltaic wiring diagram for user access, figureFileSmall=HxKDPqVIcDC+MJtNnfxQpQ==, figureFileBig=wxD6ln8d9m8iHNSQ5uEyIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432870836855082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=
用户侧接入分布式光伏接线图, figureFileSmall=HxKDPqVIcDC+MJtNnfxQpQ==, figureFileBig=wxD6ln8d9m8iHNSQ5uEyIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432870891381035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Load characteristic curve with distributed PV, figureFileSmall=bpeOdDoIKhCM7SY63VVLbQ==, figureFileBig=U7qtrRO5oU2V2gIcHaBwrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432870950101292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
含分布式光伏的负荷特性曲线, figureFileSmall=bpeOdDoIKhCM7SY63VVLbQ==, figureFileBig=U7qtrRO5oU2V2gIcHaBwrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432870996238637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Daily power load characteristic curves of three types of users, figureFileSmall=CAphyttgCDAIHq01qAPZbg==, figureFileBig=LENXU++L7gK/KtU3CA0NGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871046570286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
三大类型用户日用电负荷特性曲线, figureFileSmall=CAphyttgCDAIHq01qAPZbg==, figureFileBig=LENXU++L7gK/KtU3CA0NGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871092707631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Photovoltaic sunrise force characteristics under different types of weather, figureFileSmall=8rTYODo78NfqeH2DGRnCLQ==, figureFileBig=/Sj7QWqshVYojCfXgaDqWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871143039280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
不同类型天气下光伏日出力特性, figureFileSmall=8rTYODo78NfqeH2DGRnCLQ==, figureFileBig=/Sj7QWqshVYojCfXgaDqWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871235313970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
LSTM neural network model integrated with self-attention mechanism, figureFileSmall=vUhiirJC/qT2KpsJFaypeg==, figureFileBig=l9/FW1X7HQBokW4oKRnLxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871298228532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
融合自注意力机制的 LSTM 神经网络模型, figureFileSmall=vUhiirJC/qT2KpsJFaypeg==, figureFileBig=l9/FW1X7HQBokW4oKRnLxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871361143094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Flow chart of GWO optimized Self Attention-LSTM prediction model, figureFileSmall=1BAm2iWPiF2v+U9c6fK17Q==, figureFileBig=b7BZWpDK4/HLqJje+DdbSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871419863353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=
GWO 优化的 Self Attention-LSTM 预测模型流程, figureFileSmall=1BAm2iWPiF2v+U9c6fK17Q==, figureFileBig=b7BZWpDK4/HLqJje+DdbSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871474389307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Net load prediction effect diagram of GWO optimized Self Attention-LSTM neural network prediction model, figureFileSmall=hdH20TC1hfLqcsjzfTTmzg==, figureFileBig=lilDsnVWvF0ZMDhfjhgwjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871596024125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=
GWO 优化的 Self Attention-LSTM 神经网络预测模型的净负荷预测效果, figureFileSmall=hdH20TC1hfLqcsjzfTTmzg==, figureFileBig=lilDsnVWvF0ZMDhfjhgwjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154432871658938687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Correlation coefficient between a commercial user’s load and weather factors, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 温度 | 湿度 | 风速 | 风向 | 气压 |
| Pearson 相关系数 | 0.837 | -0.520 | -0.295 | 0.096 | 0.368 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154432871713464640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
某商业用户负荷与天气因素之间的相关系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 温度 | 湿度 | 风速 | 风向 | 气压 |
| Pearson 相关系数 | 0.837 | -0.520 | -0.295 | 0.096 | 0.368 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154432871772184897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Correlation coefficients between photovoltaic output and various influencing factors, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 温度 | 湿度 | 直接辐射度 | 风速 | 气压 |
| Pearson 相关系数 | 0.547 | 0.681 | 0.963 | 0.288 | 0.025 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154432871822516546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
光伏出力与各影响因素之间的相关系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 温度 | 湿度 | 直接辐射度 | 风速 | 气压 |
| Pearson 相关系数 | 0.547 | 0.681 | 0.963 | 0.288 | 0.025 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154432871872848195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Parameter Settings of prediction model and optimization algorithm, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法类型 | 超参数 | 数值大小 |
| Self Attention- LSTM 神经网络 预测算法 | 预测模型训练迭代次数 | 100 |
| 批量处理大小 | 32 |
| LSTM 层数 | 3 |
| 每层 LSTM 神经元数目 | 64,128,64 |
| 全连接层神经元数目 | 50 |
| GWO 优化算法 | 神经网络模型优化算法 | Adam 算法 |
| 激活函数 | Relu 函数 |
| 最大迭代次数 | 150 |
| 种群数目 | 30 |
| 变量维度 | 5 |
| 收敛因子 $a$ | 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154432871918985540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
预测模型及优化算法参数设置, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法类型 | 超参数 | 数值大小 |
| Self Attention- LSTM 神经网络 预测算法 | 预测模型训练迭代次数 | 100 |
| 批量处理大小 | 32 |
| LSTM 层数 | 3 |
| 每层 LSTM 神经元数目 | 64,128,64 |
| 全连接层神经元数目 | 50 |
| GWO 优化算法 | 神经网络模型优化算法 | Adam 算法 |
| 激活函数 | Relu 函数 |
| 最大迭代次数 | 150 |
| 种群数目 | 30 |
| 变量维度 | 5 |
| 收敛因子 $a$ | 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154432871998677317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Net power prediction accuracy comparison of the four models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | RMSE/MW | MAPE/% |
| GWO-Self Attention-LSTM | 0.432 | 2.204 |
| LSTM | 0.618 | 2.663 |
| XGBoost | 0.625 | 2.565 |
| BP | 0.712 | 3.130 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154432872061591878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154432829028032551, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=
4 种方法净负荷预测精度对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | RMSE/MW | MAPE/% |
| GWO-Self Attention-LSTM | 0.432 | 2.204 |
| LSTM | 0.618 | 2.663 |
| XGBoost | 0.625 | 2.565 |
| BP | 0.712 | 3.130 |
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