Article(id=1154430657095782590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154430651659969244, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683216000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753167316936, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1716134400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753167316936, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753167316936, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753167316936, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154430651659969244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='5', pageStart='569', pageEnd='710', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753167315640, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694602531, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642253209723786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154430651659969244, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642253213918091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154430651659969244, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=601, endPage=611, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154430658106609858, articleId=1154430657095782590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Performance analysis on liquid air energy storage system based on solar energy and dual Organic Rankine Cycle, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problem of incomplete utilization of waste heat in traditional solar thermal storage liquid air energy storage systems (LAESS) and further improve the roundtrip efficiency of the system, a liquid air energy storage system (LAESSO) coupled with solar thermal storage and a dual Organic Rankine Cycle on the basis of the LAESS system is developed. The thermodynamic model of the coupled system is established, and the influence of key parameters on system performance is analyzed. The results show that the net output power of subsystems ORC1 and ORC2 is 1 296 kW and 6 695.83 kW under typical operating conditions; the round trip efficiency of the new system can reach 117.63%; the exergy efficiency is 38.97%; and the energy efficiency is 28.88%, which are 12.58%, 2.35%, and 1.21% higher than those of the reference system, respectively. In addition, the system provides domestic hot water at a temperature of 364.15 K to the users, achieving cogeneration efficacy. Sensitivity analysis of key parameters shows that when the liquefaction pressure (compressor outlet pressure) increases from 15 MPa to 18 MPa and the liquefaction temperature (throttle inlet air temperature) rises from 93.15 K to 113.15 K, the air liquefaction rate, roundtrip efficiency, and exergy efficiency decrease with the increase of liquefaction pressure, and the increase of liquefaction pressure and temperature is not conducive to the system performance; however, when the exhaust pressure increases from 5.3 MPa to 7.7 MPa, the roundtrip efficiency and the exergy efficiency increases. The research results can provide some theoretical support for the liquidaircoupled solar system.

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为了解决传统太阳能蓄热式液态空气储能系统(LAESS)余热利用不完全的问题,进一步提高系统的往返效率,文章在 LAESS 系统基础上,构建了一个耦合太阳能蓄热和双有机朗肯循环的液态空气储能系统(LAESSO),并建立了耦合系统的热力学模型,分析了关键参数对系统性能的影响。结果表明:典型工况下,子系统 ORC1 和ORC2的净输出功分别为1296kW 和6 695.83 kW;新系统的往返效率可达117.63%,烟效率为38.97%,能量效率为28.88%,与参考系统相比,分别提升了12.58%,2.35%,1.21。此外,该系统还为用户提供了温度为364.15K的生活热水,实现了热电联产功效。对关键参数的敏感性分析显示,当液化压力(末级压缩机出口压力)从15 MPa 升高到18 MPa,液化温度(节流阀入口空气温度)从 93.15 K 上升到 113.15 K时,空气液化率、往返效率、㶲效率随液化压力的增大而降低,液化压力和温度的提高不利于系统性能的提升;但当排气压力从5.3 MPa升高至7.7 MPa时,往返效率、㶲效率均随之升高。研究结果可为液态空气耦合太阳能系统提供一定的理论支持。

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莫春兰(1975-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为新能源应用与余热利用。E-mail:
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Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 59: 106566., articleTitle=Performance study on a new solar aided liquid air energy storage system integrated with organic Rankine cycle and thermoelectric generator, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154430707335156576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, awardId=AA19254010, language=CN, fundingSource=广西创新驱动发展专项(AA19254010), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154430702180356822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154430702184551127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, companyId=1154430702180356822, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Mechanical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154430702188745432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, companyId=1154430702180356822, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 广西大学 机械工程学院 广西 南宁 530004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154430705271558944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Flowchart of the system, figureFileSmall=CaWnI1Nmy9kkf8bJs455vQ==, figureFileBig=E2LnJOdjPmK32KWcyn+/Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154430705326084898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=系统流程图, figureFileSmall=CaWnI1Nmy9kkf8bJs455vQ==, figureFileBig=E2LnJOdjPmK32KWcyn+/Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154430705418359591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Temperature-entropy diagrams of the system, figureFileSmall=47I3LEXvhmMvne9FxJNdEw==, figureFileBig=RHzmE3JlLs6XH75YqsFXzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154430705477079851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=系统 $T - 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简写名称说明
LAESliquid air energy storage system 液态空气储能系统
LAES-Ssolar aided liquid air energy storage system 太阳能蓄热式液态空气储能系统
LAES-S-Osolar and dual ORC aided liquid air energy storage system 太阳能蓄热和双有机朗肯循环的液态空气储能系统
ORCorganic rankine cycle 有机朗肯循环
部件名称说明
液化过程 排气过程
AC(air compressor) 空气压缩机 CP(cryogenic pump ) 低温泵
OE(ORC exchanger) ORC 蒸发器 EVA(evaporator) 蒸发器
HS(heating supply exchanger) 供热换热器 OHE(thermal oil heat exchanger) 热油换热器
CE(cooler exchanger) 冷箱 CST(cold salt tank) 太阳能能储冷罐
TV (throttle valve) 节流阀 SCF(solar collection field) 太阳能收集器
SEP(separator) 分离器 HST(hot salt tank) 太阳能能储热罐
LAST(liquid air energy storage) 液气罐 AT(air turbine) 空气膨胀机
COL(condenser cooler) 冷凝器 OT(ORC turbine) ORC 膨胀机
MT(methanol tank) 甲醇储罐 PT(propane tank) 丙烷储罐
REG(Regenerator) 换热器 OP(ORC pump) ORC 泵
HOT(hot oil tank) 热油罐 COT(cot oil tank) 冷油罐
), ArticleFig(id=1154430706508878667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=系统符号具体说明, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
简写名称说明
LAESliquid air energy storage system 液态空气储能系统
LAES-Ssolar aided liquid air energy storage system 太阳能蓄热式液态空气储能系统
LAES-S-Osolar and dual ORC aided liquid air energy storage system 太阳能蓄热和双有机朗肯循环的液态空气储能系统
ORCorganic rankine cycle 有机朗肯循环
部件名称说明
液化过程 排气过程
AC(air compressor) 空气压缩机 CP(cryogenic pump ) 低温泵
OE(ORC exchanger) ORC 蒸发器 EVA(evaporator) 蒸发器
HS(heating supply exchanger) 供热换热器 OHE(thermal oil heat exchanger) 热油换热器
CE(cooler exchanger) 冷箱 CST(cold salt tank) 太阳能能储冷罐
TV (throttle valve) 节流阀 SCF(solar collection field) 太阳能收集器
SEP(separator) 分离器 HST(hot salt tank) 太阳能能储热罐
LAST(liquid air energy storage) 液气罐 AT(air turbine) 空气膨胀机
COL(condenser cooler) 冷凝器 OT(ORC turbine) ORC 膨胀机
MT(methanol tank) 甲醇储罐 PT(propane tank) 丙烷储罐
REG(Regenerator) 换热器 OP(ORC pump) ORC 泵
HOT(hot oil tank) 热油罐 COT(cot oil tank) 冷油罐
), ArticleFig(id=1154430706584376140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Model validation prerequisites, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统 参数 数值
LAES 空气质量流量 ${m}_{\mathrm{{Al}}}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 180
液化压力 ${P}_{\mathrm{{Al1}}}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 9.0
液化温度 ${T}_{\mathrm{A}{15}}/\mathrm{K}$ 79.5
压缩机绝热效率 ${\mathbf{\eta }}_{\mathrm{{AC}}}$ 0.89
膨胀机绝热效率 ${\mathbf{\eta }}_{\mathrm{{AT}}}$ 0.9
ORC1 工质质量流量 ${m}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}1}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 86.76
膨胀机绝热效率 ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{OTI}}}$ 0.9
泵绝热效率 ${\eta }_{0\mathrm{{Pl}}}$ 0.85
泵出口压力 ${P}_{\mathrm{R}{12}}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 1.65
ORC2 工质质量流量 ${m}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}2}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 220.8
膨胀机绝热效率 ${\eta }_{012}$ 0.9
泵绝热效率 ${\eta }_{0\mathrm{P}2}$ 0.85
泵出口压力 ${P}_{\mathrm{R}{13}}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 3.6
), ArticleFig(id=1154430706659873614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=模型验证前提条件, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统 参数 数值
LAES 空气质量流量 ${m}_{\mathrm{{Al}}}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 180
液化压力 ${P}_{\mathrm{{Al1}}}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 9.0
液化温度 ${T}_{\mathrm{A}{15}}/\mathrm{K}$ 79.5
压缩机绝热效率 ${\mathbf{\eta }}_{\mathrm{{AC}}}$ 0.89
膨胀机绝热效率 ${\mathbf{\eta }}_{\mathrm{{AT}}}$ 0.9
ORC1 工质质量流量 ${m}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}1}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 86.76
膨胀机绝热效率 ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{OTI}}}$ 0.9
泵绝热效率 ${\eta }_{0\mathrm{{Pl}}}$ 0.85
泵出口压力 ${P}_{\mathrm{R}{12}}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 1.65
ORC2 工质质量流量 ${m}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}2}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 220.8
膨胀机绝热效率 ${\eta }_{012}$ 0.9
泵绝热效率 ${\eta }_{0\mathrm{P}2}$ 0.85
泵出口压力 ${P}_{\mathrm{R}{13}}/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 3.6
), ArticleFig(id=1154430706722788176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Model validation results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统 参数 文献 数值 仿真 结果 误差 %
LAES 空气液化率1% 60.50 61.44 1.53
空气膨胀机输出功率/ ${10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 47.77 48.15 0.79
空气压缩机消耗功率 $/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 94.88 94.06 0.86
往返效率1% 50.34 51.19 1.66
ORC1 膨胀机出口温度/℃ 98.38 98.44 0.06
净功 $/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 3.79 3.78 0.26
ORC2 膨胀机出口温度/℃ 84.06 84.12 0.07
净功 ${10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 11.6 11.59 0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1154430706810868561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=模型验证结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统 参数 文献 数值 仿真 结果 误差 %
LAES 空气液化率1% 60.50 61.44 1.53
空气膨胀机输出功率/ ${10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 47.77 48.15 0.79
空气压缩机消耗功率 $/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 94.88 94.06 0.86
往返效率1% 50.34 51.19 1.66
ORC1 膨胀机出口温度/℃ 98.38 98.44 0.06
净功 $/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 3.79 3.78 0.26
ORC2 膨胀机出口温度/℃ 84.06 84.12 0.07
净功 ${10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 11.6 11.59 0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1154430706877977427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Basic design parameters of the system, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统单元 参数 数值
环境 进气流量 $/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 30
环境温度/K 298.15
环境压力/MPa 0.101 325
压缩机 压缩机级数 4
压缩机 出口压力/MPa 16
膨胀机 膨胀机级数 3
进口温度/K 648.15
换热器 级间冷却器、加热器夹点温差/K 7
冷箱、蒸发器夹点温差/K 4
冷凝器夹点温差/K 10
储气室 出口温度/K 298.15
出口压力/MPa 0.101 325
低温泵 绝热效率 0.75
出口压力/MPa 7.7
1 号冷却器 甲醇进口温度/K 198.15
2 号冷却器 丙烷进口温度/K 88.15
太阳能蓄热器 HOT 温度/K 673.15
COT 温度/K 303.15
ORC1 循环 泵压力/MPa 2.0
泵绝热效率 0.7
ORC2 循环 泵压力/MPa 3.6
泵绝热效率 0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1154430706940891989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=系统基本设计参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统单元 参数 数值
环境 进气流量 $/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 30
环境温度/K 298.15
环境压力/MPa 0.101 325
压缩机 压缩机级数 4
压缩机 出口压力/MPa 16
膨胀机 膨胀机级数 3
进口温度/K 648.15
换热器 级间冷却器、加热器夹点温差/K 7
冷箱、蒸发器夹点温差/K 4
冷凝器夹点温差/K 10
储气室 出口温度/K 298.15
出口压力/MPa 0.101 325
低温泵 绝热效率 0.75
出口压力/MPa 7.7
1 号冷却器 甲醇进口温度/K 198.15
2 号冷却器 丙烷进口温度/K 88.15
太阳能蓄热器 HOT 温度/K 673.15
COT 温度/K 303.15
ORC1 循环 泵压力/MPa 2.0
泵绝热效率 0.7
ORC2 循环 泵压力/MPa 3.6
泵绝热效率 0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1154430707008000855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Performance of the system, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 参考系统 新系统
太阳能热量 $/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 52.30 53.49
低温泵净功率/ ${10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 0.29 0.29
(压缩余热) $\mathrm{{ORC}}1/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 1.29
(压缩余热)热水/K 364.15
(太阳能余热)ORC2/103 kW 6.69
充电过程消耗功率 $/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 18.71 17.41
放电过程输出功率/ ${10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 19.65 20.48
往返效率1% 105.05 117.63
㶲效率1% 36.62 38.97
能量效率/% 27.67 28.88
), ArticleFig(id=1154430707066721113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=CN, label=表 5, caption=系统性能, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 参考系统 新系统
太阳能热量 $/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 52.30 53.49
低温泵净功率/ ${10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 0.29 0.29
(压缩余热) $\mathrm{{ORC}}1/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 1.29
(压缩余热)热水/K 364.15
(太阳能余热)ORC2/103 kW 6.69
充电过程消耗功率 $/{10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 18.71 17.41
放电过程输出功率/ ${10}^{3}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 19.65 20.48
往返效率1% 105.05 117.63
㶲效率1% 36.62 38.97
能量效率/% 27.67 28.88
), ArticleFig(id=1154430707133829979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Variation interval of parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
液化压力/MPa 15~18
液化温度/K 93.15 ~113.15
排气压力/MPa 5.3~7.7
), ArticleFig(id=1154430707188355933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154430657095782590, language=CN, label=表 6, caption=参数变化区间, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
液化压力/MPa 15~18
液化温度/K 93.15 ~113.15
排气压力/MPa 5.3~7.7
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基于太阳能和双有机朗肯循环的液态空气储能系统特性研究
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史科锐 , 莫春兰 , 党玉荣 , 方颖聪 , 张子杨 , 李作顺
可再生能源 | 2024,42(5): 601-611
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(5): 601-611
基于太阳能和双有机朗肯循环的液态空气储能系统特性研究
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史科锐, 莫春兰 , 党玉荣, 方颖聪, 张子杨, 李作顺
作者信息
  • 1 广西大学 机械工程学院 广西 南宁 530004

通讯作者:

莫春兰(1975-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为新能源应用与余热利用。E-mail:
Performance analysis on liquid air energy storage system based on solar energy and dual Organic Rankine Cycle
Kerui Shi, Chunlan Mo , Yurong Dang, Yingcong Fang, Ziyang Zhang, Zuoshun Li
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
出版时间: 2024-05-20
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为了解决传统太阳能蓄热式液态空气储能系统(LAESS)余热利用不完全的问题,进一步提高系统的往返效率,文章在 LAESS 系统基础上,构建了一个耦合太阳能蓄热和双有机朗肯循环的液态空气储能系统(LAESSO),并建立了耦合系统的热力学模型,分析了关键参数对系统性能的影响。结果表明:典型工况下,子系统 ORC1 和ORC2的净输出功分别为1296kW 和6 695.83 kW;新系统的往返效率可达117.63%,烟效率为38.97%,能量效率为28.88%,与参考系统相比,分别提升了12.58%,2.35%,1.21。此外,该系统还为用户提供了温度为364.15K的生活热水,实现了热电联产功效。对关键参数的敏感性分析显示,当液化压力(末级压缩机出口压力)从15 MPa 升高到18 MPa,液化温度(节流阀入口空气温度)从 93.15 K 上升到 113.15 K时,空气液化率、往返效率、㶲效率随液化压力的增大而降低,液化压力和温度的提高不利于系统性能的提升;但当排气压力从5.3 MPa升高至7.7 MPa时,往返效率、㶲效率均随之升高。研究结果可为液态空气耦合太阳能系统提供一定的理论支持。

太阳能  /  液态空气储能  /  有机朗肯循环  /  余热利用  /  敏感性分析

In order to solve the problem of incomplete utilization of waste heat in traditional solar thermal storage liquid air energy storage systems (LAESS) and further improve the roundtrip efficiency of the system, a liquid air energy storage system (LAESSO) coupled with solar thermal storage and a dual Organic Rankine Cycle on the basis of the LAESS system is developed. The thermodynamic model of the coupled system is established, and the influence of key parameters on system performance is analyzed. The results show that the net output power of subsystems ORC1 and ORC2 is 1 296 kW and 6 695.83 kW under typical operating conditions; the round trip efficiency of the new system can reach 117.63%; the exergy efficiency is 38.97%; and the energy efficiency is 28.88%, which are 12.58%, 2.35%, and 1.21% higher than those of the reference system, respectively. In addition, the system provides domestic hot water at a temperature of 364.15 K to the users, achieving cogeneration efficacy. Sensitivity analysis of key parameters shows that when the liquefaction pressure (compressor outlet pressure) increases from 15 MPa to 18 MPa and the liquefaction temperature (throttle inlet air temperature) rises from 93.15 K to 113.15 K, the air liquefaction rate, roundtrip efficiency, and exergy efficiency decrease with the increase of liquefaction pressure, and the increase of liquefaction pressure and temperature is not conducive to the system performance; however, when the exhaust pressure increases from 5.3 MPa to 7.7 MPa, the roundtrip efficiency and the exergy efficiency increases. The research results can provide some theoretical support for the liquidaircoupled solar system.

solar energy  /  liquid air energy storage  /  Organic Rankine Cycle  /  waste heat utilization  /  sensitivity analysis
史科锐, 莫春兰, 党玉荣, 方颖聪, 张子杨, 李作顺. 基于太阳能和双有机朗肯循环的液态空气储能系统特性研究. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (5) : 601 -611 .
Kerui Shi, Chunlan Mo, Yurong Dang, Yingcong Fang, Ziyang Zhang, Zuoshun Li. Performance analysis on liquid air energy storage system based on solar energy and dual Organic Rankine Cycle[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (5) : 601 -611 .
随着社会的飞速发展,能源短缺和环境污染问题日益严峻,因此世界各国正在积极推广清洁能源利用技术。预计到 2024 年,以风能和太阳能为主的可再生能源电力供应将占全球电力供应总量的 32%以上 [ 1 ] 。然而,可再生能源存在的间歇性和波动性问题严重影响了电网的安全和稳定。储能技术应用可以很好地解决这一问题 [ 2 ] ,其中液态空气储能(LAES)系统具有不受地理条件限制 [ 3 ] 和高能量密度 [ 4 ] 优势而深受学者的关注,但 LAES 技术存在往返效率低的问题 [ 5 ]
为了进一步提高系统效率, 学者们做了大量研究。文献[ 6 ]提出了 LAES 系统与有机朗肯循环 (ORC) 结合, ORC-LAES 系统的往返效率提高了 4.8%, 㶲效率提升了 5.1%。文献[ 7 ]利用 ORC 和 Kalina 循环吸收 LAES 中导热油的余热, 混合 LAES 系统的往返效率增加了 10.9%~19.5%。文献[ 8 ]提出了 LAES-LNG 集成系统, 与独立的 LAES 相比,该系统的空气液化产量提高了 19%,往返效率提高了 28%。对于释能过程,主要是利用清洁热源进一步提高膨胀机进口温度。文献[ 9 ]建立了一个太阳能与储能系统之间的能量传递过程模型(Markov 链模型),结果表明,该模型可以提高光伏储能系统中的储能充、放电效率,也进一步验证了清洁能源的可用性。文献[ 10 ]提出了 LAES 与聚光太阳能技术相结合的绿色储能系统, 该系统的往返能量和烟效率分别为 54.05% 和 46.51%。 文献[ 11 ]提出了一种太阳能耦合等温压缩 LAES 系统,整个系统的往返效率可以达到 120.71%。
上述研究表明, LAES 耦合太阳能系统是提高系统效率比较合理的一种方法, 但是该系统的余热并没有得到有效利用, 能量转化效率还有待提高。首先,耦合太阳能会使膨胀机出口温度高于空气压缩余热的温度, 导致压缩余热在发电过程中无法再次利用,为了充分利用空气压缩热,只能采用昂贵的导热油储存空气压缩热, 须要建立相应的导热油储罐,大大增加了系统的成本,并且其增加的发电量也是有限的;其次,该系统忽略了膨胀机末级出口热量;最后,太阳能蓄热与高压空气进行换热后,仍然存在较高温度,这部分热量仍然可以进行利用。
因此, 本文提出一种新型无碳排放的耦合太阳能蓄热和双有机朗肯循环的液态空气储能系统 (LAES-S-O)方案, 该方案充分考虑了压缩机级间、膨胀机末级出口以及外部清洁热源三大余热的综合利用问题。
图 1 (a)为参考系统流程图。在该系统中,空气在进入膨胀机前先被压缩余热加热,再被太阳能加热,不考虑对余热的利用问题。 图 1 (b) 为本文构建的 LAES-S-O 系统流程图, 该系统充分考虑了系统中余热综合利用问题, 整个系统包括 3 个阶段。 第一阶段——液化(能量储存)阶段。在非用电高峰期,利用低价电能驱动压缩机压缩空气(状态 $\mathrm{A}1 \sim \mathrm{A}{11}$ )。换热后低温的高压空气再依次经过两个冷箱(CE1, CE2),冷却至 ${93.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ ,之后通过节流阀(TV)液化。节流阀出口的气液混合空气流入气液分离器 (SEP), 产生的液态空气 (状态 A16A)储存在液态空气罐中,分离出来的未液化空气(状态 A16B)在冷却器内释放冷能后恢复到正常温度。
第二阶段——排气(能量释放)阶段。在用电高峰期,液气储罐排出的空气(状态 A19)经低温泵(CP)加压后,通过蒸发器(EVA1, EVA2)将冷能量释放到丙烷和甲醇中(状态 A20~A22)。空气 (状态 A22)先被末级膨胀机出口的余热加热到 ${448.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ ,然后进入热油换热器(OHE)与太阳能换热进一步加热到更高温度, 进入空气涡轮机 (AT)膨胀发电。
第三阶段——余热利用阶段。第一类是压缩余热, 将压缩余热分为两部分: 一部分利用 ORC1 (状态 R1~R12) 进行发电,一定程度上减少压缩机的电力消耗支出; 另一部分给用户提供生活热水 (状态 W1~W10), 实现能量的梯级利用, 达到热电联产的效能。第二类是太阳能余热,利用 $\mathrm{{ORC}}2$ (状态 $\mathrm{R}{13}\sim \mathrm{R}{16}$ )处理这部分热量。这两类余热温度有很大差别, 因此工质也不同, ORC1 利用的余热温度较低, 采用工质 $\mathrm{R}{600}\mathrm{\;A}$ ;ORC2 利用的余热温度较高,采用工质 R245fa。
系统符号的具体说明如 表 1 所示。
LAES-S-O 系统采用 Aspen Plus 软件进行模拟实验,物性方法主要为 PENG-ROB。为了使系统的数学模型更容易理解, 在进行系统性能计算前做以下假设:
①视空气为理想气体,空气温度为 ${298.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ , 压力为 ${0.101}\mathrm{{MPa}}$
②新系统采用抛物线槽式太阳能集热器,蓄热介质为 Dowtherm-A 型导热油;
③ORC1 工质为 R600A(临界压力 3.64 MPa, 临界温度 ${407.8}\mathrm{\;K}$ ), ORC2 工质为 R245fa(临界压力 3.64 MPa,临界温度 ${427.2}\mathrm{\;K}$ );
④系统在稳定状态下运行;
⑤忽略管道、换热器及储罐的热损失和压降;
⑥压缩机和膨胀级的绝热效率恒定, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{AC}}}= {\eta }_{\mathrm{{AT}}}=$ ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{OT}}}= {0.75}$ ;
⑦各级压缩机的压缩比相等;
⑧各级膨胀机的膨胀比相等;
⑨换热器均采用逆流布置。
压缩机的总功耗为
${W}_{\mathrm{{AC}}}= m \cdot \left\lbrack {\left({{h}_{\mathrm{A}2}- {h}_{\mathrm{A}1}}\right)+ \left({{h}_{\mathrm{A}5}- {h}_{\mathrm{A}4}}\right)+ \left({{h}_{\mathrm{A}8}- {h}_{\mathrm{A}7}}\right)+ \left({{h}_{\mathrm{A}{11}}- {h}_{\mathrm{A}{10}}}\right)}\right\rbrack $
式中: ${W}_{\mathrm{{AC}}}$ 为压缩机的总功耗, $\mathrm{{kW}};m$ 为空气质量流量, $\mathrm{{kg}}/\mathrm{s};{h}_{\mathrm{A}i}\left({i = 1,2,4,5,7,8,{10},{11}}\right)$图 1(b) 中对应点空气的焓值, $\mathrm{{kJ}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$
液化装置的液化率是影响释能过程中空气流量的主要参数 [ 12 ] ,表示为
$ Y =\frac{{m}_{\text{Al6A }}}{{m}_{\text{Al6 }}}$
式中: $Y$ 为空气液化率; ${m}_{\mathrm{A}{16}}$${m}_{\mathrm{A}{16}\mathrm{A}}$ 分别为节流前空气和节流后液体空气质量流量, $\mathrm{{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$
膨胀机的输出功率为
${W}_{\mathrm{{AT}}}= m \cdot Y \cdot \left\lbrack {\left({{h}_{\mathrm{A}{24}}- {h}_{\mathrm{A}{25}}}\right)+ \left({{h}_{\mathrm{A}{26}}- {h}_{\mathrm{A}{27}}}\right)+ \left({{h}_{\mathrm{A}{28}}- {h}_{\mathrm{A}{29}}}\right)}\right\rbrack $
式中: ${W}_{\mathrm{{AT}}}$ 为膨胀机的输出功率, $\mathrm{{kW}};{h}_{\Lambda i}\left({i ={24},{25}}\right.$ , ${26},{27},{28},{29})$图 1(b) 中对应点空气的焓值, $\mathrm{{kJ}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$
系统中的换热器包括压缩机级间冷却器、冷箱(CE1, CE2)、膨胀机级间加热器、蒸发器、冷凝器,能量平衡方程[ 12 ]为
${m}_{\mathrm{c}}\cdot \left({{h}_{\mathrm{c},\text{ out }}- {h}_{\mathrm{c},\text{ in }}}\right)= {m}_{\mathrm{h}}\cdot \left({{h}_{\mathrm{h},\text{ in }}- {h}_{\mathrm{h},\text{ out }}}\right)$
式中: ${h}_{\mathrm{c},\text{ in }}$${h}_{\mathrm{c},\text{ out }}$ 分别为换热器冷源焓值, $\mathrm{{kJ}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ; ${h}_{\mathrm{h},\text{ in }}$${h}_{\mathrm{h},\text{ out }}$ 分别为换热器热源焓值, $\mathrm{{kJ}}/\mathrm{{kg}};{m}_{\mathrm{c}}$${m}_{\mathrm{h}}$ 为换热器冷源、热源的质量流量, $\mathrm{{kg}}/\mathrm{s}$
泵功耗 [ 12 ]
${W}_{\mathrm{{CP}}}= m \cdot Y \cdot \left({{h}_{\mathrm{A}{20}}- {h}_{\mathrm{A}{19}}}\right)$
式中: ${W}_{\mathrm{{CP}}}$ 为泵所消耗的功率, $\mathrm{{kW}};{h}_{\mathrm{A}i}\left({i ={19},{20}}\right)$图 1(b)中对应点空气的焓值, kJ/kg。
太阳能集热器采用抛物线槽式集热器, 集热器的能量平衡方程[ 13 ]为
${Q}_{\text{solar }}= {m}_{\mathrm{o}}\cdot \left({{h}_{\mathrm{S}{11}}- {h}_{\mathrm{S}{10}}}\right)$
式中: ${Q}_{\text{solar }}$ 为输入系统的太阳能, $\mathrm{{kW}};{m}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 为导热油 Dowtherm-A 的质量流量, $\mathrm{{kg}}/\mathrm{s};{h}_{\mathrm{{Si}}}\left({i ={10},{11}}\right)$图1 $\left(\mathrm{\;b}\right)$ 中对应点太阳能导热油的焓值, $\mathrm{{kJ}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$
ORC 子系统的净输出功率表示为
${W}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}1}= {m}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}1}\cdot \left\lbrack {\left({{h}_{\mathrm{R}9}- {h}_{\mathrm{R}{10}}}\right)- \left({{h}_{\mathrm{R}{12}}- {h}_{\mathrm{R}{11}}}\right)}\right\rbrack $
${W}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}2}= {m}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}2}\cdot \left\lbrack {\left({{h}_{\mathrm{R}{14}}- {h}_{\mathrm{R}{15}}}\right)- \left({{h}_{\mathrm{R}{13}}- {h}_{\mathrm{R}{16}}}\right)}\right\rbrack $
式中: ${W}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}1}$${W}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}2}$ 分别为子系统 $\mathrm{{ORC}}1$ 和 ORC2 的净输出功率, kW; ${m}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}1}$${m}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}2}$ 分别为 $\mathrm{R}{600}\mathrm{\;A}$$\mathrm{R}{245}\mathrm{{fa}}$ 的工质质量流量, $\mathrm{{kg}}/\mathrm{s};{h}_{\mathrm{R}i}(i = 9$ , ${10},{11},{12},{13},{14},{15},{16})$图 1(b)中对应点工质的焓值, $\mathrm{{kJ}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$
储能系统的能量分析指标是由系统往返效率和能量效率表示。
${W}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {W}_{\mathrm{{AC}}}- {W}_{\mathrm{{ORC1}}}$
${W}_{\text{out }}= {W}_{\mathrm{{AT}}}- {W}_{\mathrm{{CP}}}+ {W}_{\mathrm{{ORC}}2}$
式中: ${W}_{\text{in }}$${W}_{\text{out }}$ 分别为液化过程总耗功和排气过程总输出功, kW。
往返效率 ${\eta }_{\text{RTE }}$ 指系统在排放过程输出的功率与储能过程消耗的功率比值 [ 13 ] ,表示为
${\eta }_{\mathrm{{RTE}}}= \frac{{W}_{\text{out }}}{{W}_{\text{in }}}$
因为有太阳能的输入,因此能量效率 ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{en}}}$ [ 13 ]
${\eta }_{\mathrm{{en}}}= \frac{{W}_{\text{out }}}{{W}_{\mathrm{{in}}}+ {Q}_{\text{solar }}}$
根据热力学第二定律,各部件州效率定义 [ 13 ]
${\eta }_{\mathrm{E}x}= \frac{E{x}_{\text{out }}}{E{x}_{\text{in }}}$
${\Delta Ex}= E{x}_{\text{in }}- E{x}_{\text{out }}$
式中: ${\eta }_{\mathrm{E}x}$ 为部件的拥效率; ${\Delta Ex}$ 为部件的煟破坏, $\mathrm{{kW}};E{x}_{\text{in }}$$E{x}_{\text{out }}$ 分别为部件输入 拥和输出 烟, $\mathrm{{kW}}$
太阳能的拥输入计算式[ 14 ]为
$ E{x}_{\text{solar }}= {Q}_{\text{solar }}\cdot \left\lbrack {1 +\frac{1}{3}{\left(\frac{{T}_{\mathrm{a}}}{{T}_{\mathrm{s}}}\right)}^{4}- \frac{4}{3}\frac{{T}_{\mathrm{a}}}{{T}_{\mathrm{s}}}}\right\rbrack $
式中: $E{x}_{\text{solar }}$ 为太阳能收集热的拥输入, $\mathrm{{kW}};{T}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 为环境温度, $\mathrm{K};{T}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 为太阳的表面温度, ${5800}\mathrm{\;K}$
新系统的煟效率由放电过程的总焊输出除以充电阶段的总州输入决定,计算式[ 14 ]为
${\eta }_{\mathrm{E}x}= \frac{{W}_{\text{out }}+ E{x}_{\mathrm{h}}+ {m}_{\mathrm{M}}\cdot \left({{e}_{\mathrm{M}2}- {e}_{\mathrm{M}1}}\right)+ {m}_{\mathrm{P}}\cdot \left({{e}_{\mathrm{P}2}- {e}_{\mathrm{P}1}}\right)}{{W}_{\mathrm{{in}}}+ E{x}_{\text{solar }}+ {m}_{\mathrm{M}}\cdot \left({{e}_{\mathrm{M}2}- {e}_{\mathrm{M}1}}\right)+ {m}_{\mathrm{P}}\cdot \left({{e}_{\mathrm{P}2}- {e}_{\mathrm{P}1}}\right)} $
式中: $E{x}_{\mathrm{h}}$ 为系统的供热(生活热水), $\mathrm{{kW}};{m}_{\mathrm{M}}$ , ${m}_{\mathrm{P}}$ 分别为甲醇、丙烷质量流量, $\mathrm{{kg}}/\mathrm{s};{e}_{\mathrm{{M1}}},{e}_{\mathrm{M}2}$ 为甲醇拥值, $\mathrm{{kJ}}/\mathrm{{kg}};{e}_{\mathrm{P}1},{e}_{\mathrm{P}2}$ 为丙烷的佣值, $\mathrm{{kJ}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$
LAES-S-O 系统模型的可靠性主要利用已发表的高水平文献来验证。 表 2 为模型验证前提条件。将新系统与文献[ 15 ]中的 LAES 系统基本数据和文献[ 14 ]中的 ORC 子系统数据进行比较, 结果如 表 3 所示, 所有的误差均小于 5%, 因此可以证明本文建立的系统模型是可靠的。
新系统的基本设计参数如 表 4 所示。
通过对这些参数进行模拟, 计算得出系统的性能结果如 表 5 所示。
压缩余热一部分利用子系统 ORC1 发电, 净输出功率为 ${1296}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ ,另一部分给用户提供等比压缩空气质量的 364.15 K 热水;太阳能余热利用子系统 ORC2 进行发电,净输出功为 ${6695}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ ; 新系统的往返效率可达 117.63%,州效率为 38.97%,能量效率为 28.88%,与参考系统相比,往返效率、拥效率和能量效率分别提升 12.58%, ${2.35}\%,{1.21}\%$
图 2 为系统液化过程和排气过程的温度-熵 (T - S)图。
在储能系统中, 影响系统热力学性能的主要参数包括液化压力(末级压缩机出口压力)、液化温度(节流阀入口空气温度)、排气压力(膨胀机进口压力)。受系统的工作条件与空气的物理性质等因素限制, 本文基于文献[ 16 ]选取的参数分析区间及多次模拟实验后,确定参数变化的区间,如 表 6 所示。
图 3 为空气液化率随液化压力和液化温度的变化曲线。
图 3 可知,当液化压力从 ${15}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 上升到 ${18}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,液化温度从 ${93.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ 上升到 ${113.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ 时, 空气液化率随液化压力的升高而减小,随液化温度的降低而增大。出现这种情况的主要原因:当液化温度升高时,会导致冷箱 1 和冷箱 2(CE1, CE2)中空气释放的热量减少(状态 A13~A15),从而使液化率降低。
图 4 为最佳排气压力随液化压力和液化温度的变化曲线。
当液化温度升高时, 冷箱的冷能利用率就会降低,导致蒸发器(EVA1, EVA2)的热量减少,从而存在最大排气压力。从 图 4 可以看出, 最佳排气压力随液化压力和液化温度的增大而增大。这是因为, 随着液化温度升高, 空气液化率降低, 导致未液化的空气在冷箱 (CE1, CE2) 中吸收的热量增加(状态 A16B~A18),降低了蒸发器 (EVA1, EVA2)的可用热量。尽管空气液化率和蒸发器的可用热量都降低了, 但前者的降低率高于后者,导致 A18 的允许最大比焓增加。因此当液化压力和液化温度增大时,最佳排气压力也不断增大。
当排气压力为 ${7.7}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 、液化温度为 ${93.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ 时,系统功率、效率随液化压力的变化曲线如 图5 所示。
图 5(a) 可知, 液化压力对系统功率有影响,当液化压力由 ${15}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 增大到 ${18}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,压缩机耗功增加了 ${828}\mathrm{\;{kW}},\mathrm{{ORC}}1$ 净功增大了 107 $\mathrm{{kW}}$ ,膨胀机输出功减小了 ${149}\mathrm{\;{kW}},\mathrm{{ORC}}2$ 净功增大了 $2\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 。主要原因是当液化压力增大时,压缩机耗功增加, 压缩机出口温度升高, ORC1 获得的余热就会增加, 从而使 ORC1 的输出功增加; 但是液化压力增大也会使空气的液化率不断降低,液化空气质量不断减少,导致膨胀机输出功减少; ORC2 获取的太阳能热量不断增多,从而 ORC2 净功不断增大。由 图 5(b)可知, 往返效率、能量效率和拥效率均随液化压力的升高而减小,当液化压力由 ${15}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 升高到 ${18}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,往返效率从 119.6%下降到 114%,能量效率从 29% 下降到 28.5%,烟效率从 39.2 下降到 38.5%。因为,对于液化过程, ORC1 净功增大量小于压缩机耗功的增加量,所以总耗功 ${W}_{\text{in }}$ 不断增大; 对于排气过程, ORC2 净功增大量小于膨胀机输出功的减少量,因此系统的输出功 ${W}_{\text{out }}$ 不断减小,效率不断降低。
当液化压力为 ${16}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 、排气压力为 ${7.7}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时, 系统功率、效率随液化温度的变化曲线如 图 6 所示。
图 6(a)可知,当液化温度从 ${93.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ 升高到 ${113.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ 时,压缩机耗功和 ORC1 净功保持不变,膨胀机输出功减少了 ${2405.7}\mathrm{\;{kW}},\mathrm{{ORC}}2$ 净功增大了 ${445}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 。主要原因是空气液化率降低。由 图 6(b) 可知,当液化温度由 ${93.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ 升高到 113.15 K 时,往返效率从 117.6%下降到 106.2%, 能量效率从 28.9% 下降到 26.1%, 煟效率从 38.9 下降到 35.6%。主要原因是随着液化温度增大,总耗功 ${W}_{\text{in }}$ 保持不变, ORC2 输出功增大,但是小于膨胀机输出功的减少量,因此总的输出功 ${W}_{\text{out }}$ 还是在不断减小,效率不断降低。
当液化压力为 ${16}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 、液化温度为 ${93.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ 时, 系统功率、效率随排气压力的变化曲线如 图 7 所示。
图 7(a) 可知,当排气压力从 ${5.3}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 升高到 ${7.7}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,压缩机耗功和 $\mathrm{{ORC}}1$ 净功保持不变, 膨胀机输出功不断增大, 增大量为 1015.4 $\mathrm{{kW}},\mathrm{{ORC}}2$ 净功不断减小,减小量为 ${157.8}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 。原因是当膨胀机进口温度不变时,排气压力越大,膨胀机的输出功就越大,消耗的太阳能热量就越多, ORC2 从太阳能余热获得的热量就会减少,导致 ORC2 净功减少。由 图 7(b)可知,随着排气压力的变化,往返效率、能量效率和拥效率变化趋势相同,当排气压力从 ${5.3}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 升高到 ${7.7}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,往返效率从 113.2% 上升到 117.6%,能量效率从 27.8%上升到 28.9%,佣效率从 37.9%上升到39%。 随着排气压力升高, ${W}_{\text{in }}$ 保持不变,虽然 ORC2 输出功在减小,但是小于膨胀机输出功的增加量,因此总的输出功 ${W}_{\text{out }}$ 在不断增大,从而使效率不断增加。
本节从能源质量的角度对系统进行拥分析, 可以得到对系统影响较大的部件, 为进一步探究新系统的节能潜力提供方向。
图 8 为系统主要部件的烟效率。压缩机、膨胀机和泵这些部件的拥效率主要受其绝热效率的影响, 由于压缩机和膨胀机的绝热效率相等, 所以其州效率均集中在 89%~90%,而低温泵也因为绝热效率的影响, 拥效率是系统部件中最低的, 为 28.34%。对于换热器,拥效率主要受冷、热源的温度影响,冷、热源温差越大,烟效率越低,烟效率最低的换热器为太阳能集热器, 为 39.07%。
图 9 为整个过程中系统各部件的拥损失。
图 9(a) 可知,在液化过程中,节流阀 (TV) 的畑损失占比最大,为 30.23%,其次为 2 号冷箱 (CE2), 为 14.22%。主要原因是经过压缩后的高压空气经过冷箱冷却变为低温高压状态, 再进入节流阀变为常压低温状态, 拥值的主要影响因素压力 $P$ 和温度 $T$ 发生了巨大变化,因此节流阀和 2 号冷箱的拥损失最大。由 图 9(b)可知:在排气过程,子系统 ORC2 的拥损失占比最大,为 36.1%, 主要原因是 ORC2 蒸发器的冷热源温差过大; 其次是膨胀机组,3 个膨胀机受绝热效率的影响,总佣损失为 31.9%。
本文新建了一种混合液态空气储能系统 (LAES-S-O), 此系统包含了基本液态空气储能系统、两个有机朗肯循环子系统和太阳能蓄热, 充分考虑了压缩机级间、膨胀机末级出口以及外部清洁热源三大余热的利用问题,实现了热电联产。 通过分析关键参数对系统性能的影响, 得出以下结论。
①系统将压缩余热分为两部分, 一部分利用 ORC1 发电,净输出功率为 ${1296}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ ,在一定程度上弥补了压缩机的电力消耗; 另一部分为用户提供等比压缩空气质量的 364.15 K 热水,达到热电联产的效能。将膨胀机末级出口余热再次利用加热膨胀机进口空气温度。太阳能余热利用 ORC2 进行发电,净输出功率为 ${6695}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ ,为系统增加了额外的输出功。
②新系统的性能有很大提升。在典型工况下, 新系统的往返效率可达 117.63%,能量效率达到 28.88%,烟效率达到 36.05%。与参考系统相比, 往返效率和煽 效率以及能量效率都有提升,分别提升了 12.58%,2.35%,1.21%。
③当液化压力从 ${15}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 上升到 ${18}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,液化温度从 ${93.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ 上升到 ${113.15}\mathrm{\;K}$ 时,空气液化率、往返效率、佣效率随液化压力的升高而降低, 随液化温度的降低而增大。最佳排气压力随液化压力以及液化温度的升高而升高, 当排气压力从 ${5.3}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 升高至 ${7.7}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,往返效率、州效率均随之升高。
④通过分析整个系统烟效率可知:低温泵受其绝热效率的影响州 效率最低,为 28.34%;其次是太阳能集热器,由于冷热源温差较大,州效率较低, 为 39.07%。通过分析烟损失可知: 在液化过程中,因为节流阀进出、口工质的状态参数变化较大,所以节流阀的州损失占比最大,为 30.23%;在排气过程中, ORC2 的州损失占比最大,为 36.14%, 这也是因为 ORC2 蒸发器的冷热源温差过大造成的。
  • 广西创新驱动发展专项(AA19254010)
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  • 接收时间:2023-05-05
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-05
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广西创新驱动发展专项(AA19254010)
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    1 广西大学 机械工程学院 广西 南宁 530004

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莫春兰(1975-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为新能源应用与余热利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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