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Based on the concept of load safety margin, the structure optimization inversion design was complemented for one offshore wind turbine supported by bucket foundation in order to reduce the amount of materials and structural cost while ensuring the strength and stability requirements of the structure. Hence, the optimization feedback analysis model and calculation process of offshore wind turbine supported by bucket foundation has been established and the origin bucket foundation was optimization design considering the three safety margin values of 1.10, 1.20 and 1.30. It can be seen in the results that the optimized foundation structure still has a better safety reserve after considering the safety margin with the design indicators of the bucket foundation structure, which all can meet the design requirements. This research provides a new idea for the optimization design of offshore wind turbine structure.

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文章基于结构荷载安全裕度概念,针对海上风电筒型基础结构开展基于荷载安全裕度的结构优化反演设计,在保证结构强度和稳定性要求的同时,减少材料用量,优化体型以降低结构造价。基于粒子群优化算法和有限元方法,建立海上风电筒型基础结构优化反演分析模型与计算流程,分别取1.10,1.20和1.303个设计荷载安全裕度值,对原筒型基础结构进行优化设计。结果表明:基于3个安全裕度反演的基础结构各项指标均满足设计要求,说明在考虑安全裕度后,优化结构仍具有较高的安全储备,为海上风电结构优化设计提供了新的思路。

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张冠豪(1997-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为海上风电结构静动力特性。E-mail:
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胡德芳(1982-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事海上风电项目管理工作。E-mail:

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胡德芳(1982-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事海上风电项目管理工作。E-mail:

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胡德芳(1982-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事海上风电项目管理工作。E-mail:

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设计安全裕度 荷载工况 验算内容 竖向力/kN 水平力/kN 弯矩/MN·m 波浪力/kN
1.10 1 变形校核 -4721.905 932.44 66.95 2 854.25
2 强度校核 -7791.143 1 538.53 110.47 4 238.56
3 承载力校核 -7791.143 1 538.53 110.47 4 238.56
1.20 1 变形校核 -4721.905 854.74 61.37 2 854.25
2 强度校核 $- 7\;{791.143}$ 1 410.32 101.27 4 238.56
3 承载力校核 -7791.143 1 410.32 101.27 4 238.56
1.30 1 变形校核 -4721.905 788.99 56.65 2 854.25
2 强度校核 $- 7\;{791.143}$ 1 301.83 93.48 4 238.56
3 承载力校核 -7791.143 1 301.83 93.48 4 238.56
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设计安全裕度 荷载工况 验算内容 竖向力/kN 水平力/kN 弯矩/MN·m 波浪力/kN
1.10 1 变形校核 -4721.905 932.44 66.95 2 854.25
2 强度校核 -7791.143 1 538.53 110.47 4 238.56
3 承载力校核 -7791.143 1 538.53 110.47 4 238.56
1.20 1 变形校核 -4721.905 854.74 61.37 2 854.25
2 强度校核 $- 7\;{791.143}$ 1 410.32 101.27 4 238.56
3 承载力校核 -7791.143 1 410.32 101.27 4 238.56
1.30 1 变形校核 -4721.905 788.99 56.65 2 854.25
2 强度校核 $- 7\;{791.143}$ 1 301.83 93.48 4 238.56
3 承载力校核 -7791.143 1 301.83 93.48 4 238.56
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参数 数值 参数 数值
${x}_{1}/\mathrm{m}$ 18.8 ${x}_{2}/\mathrm{m}$ 3.4
${x}_{3}/\mathrm{m}$ 5.1 ${x}_{4}/\mathrm{m}$ 18.169
${x}_{5}/\mathrm{m}$ 19.95 ${x}_{6}/\mathrm{m}$ 1.2
${x}_{7}/\mathrm{m}$ 30 ${x}_{8}/\mathrm{m}$ 10
${x}_{9}/\mathrm{m}$ 1.5 ${x}_{10}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.9
${x}_{11}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.45 ${x}_{12}/\mathrm{{mm}}$ 25
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参数 数值 参数 数值
${x}_{1}/\mathrm{m}$ 18.8 ${x}_{2}/\mathrm{m}$ 3.4
${x}_{3}/\mathrm{m}$ 5.1 ${x}_{4}/\mathrm{m}$ 18.169
${x}_{5}/\mathrm{m}$ 19.95 ${x}_{6}/\mathrm{m}$ 1.2
${x}_{7}/\mathrm{m}$ 30 ${x}_{8}/\mathrm{m}$ 10
${x}_{9}/\mathrm{m}$ 1.5 ${x}_{10}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.9
${x}_{11}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.45 ${x}_{12}/\mathrm{{mm}}$ 25
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安全 裕度 基础结构体型 倾斜率1%。 最大拉应力 MPa 最大压应力 MPa 最大 Mises 应力/MPa
1.10 0.77 3.27 31.7 80.90
1.20 0.75 2.73 30.5 77.84
1.30 0.83 1.17 29.5 75.34
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安全 裕度 基础结构体型 倾斜率1%。 最大拉应力 MPa 最大压应力 MPa 最大 Mises 应力/MPa
1.10 0.77 3.27 31.7 80.90
1.20 0.75 2.73 30.5 77.84
1.30 0.83 1.17 29.5 75.34
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考虑荷载安全裕度的海上风电筒型基础优化反演设计
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胡德芳 1 , 张冠豪 2 , 江琦 2 , 蔡东 1 , 刘成果 1 , 陈露露 1
可再生能源 | 2024,42(4): 499-505
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(4): 499-505
考虑荷载安全裕度的海上风电筒型基础优化反演设计
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胡德芳1 , 张冠豪2 , 江琦2, 蔡东1, 刘成果1, 陈露露1
作者信息
  • 1 响水长江风力发电有限公司 江苏 盐城 224600
  • 2 天津大学 建筑工程学院 天津 300072
  • 胡德芳(1982-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事海上风电项目管理工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

张冠豪(1997-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为海上风电结构静动力特性。E-mail:
Optimization inversion of offshore wind turbine with bucket foundation
Defang Hu1 , Guanhao Zhang2 , Qi Jiang2, Dong Cai1, Chenguo Liu1, Lulu Chen1
Affiliations
  • 1 Xiangshui Changjiang Wind Power Generation Co., Ltd. Yancheng 224600 China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
出版时间: 2024-04-20
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文章基于结构荷载安全裕度概念,针对海上风电筒型基础结构开展基于荷载安全裕度的结构优化反演设计,在保证结构强度和稳定性要求的同时,减少材料用量,优化体型以降低结构造价。基于粒子群优化算法和有限元方法,建立海上风电筒型基础结构优化反演分析模型与计算流程,分别取1.10,1.20和1.303个设计荷载安全裕度值,对原筒型基础结构进行优化设计。结果表明:基于3个安全裕度反演的基础结构各项指标均满足设计要求,说明在考虑安全裕度后,优化结构仍具有较高的安全储备,为海上风电结构优化设计提供了新的思路。

海上风机  /  筒型基础  /  反演分析  /  结构优化  /  安全裕度

Based on the concept of load safety margin, the structure optimization inversion design was complemented for one offshore wind turbine supported by bucket foundation in order to reduce the amount of materials and structural cost while ensuring the strength and stability requirements of the structure. Hence, the optimization feedback analysis model and calculation process of offshore wind turbine supported by bucket foundation has been established and the origin bucket foundation was optimization design considering the three safety margin values of 1.10, 1.20 and 1.30. It can be seen in the results that the optimized foundation structure still has a better safety reserve after considering the safety margin with the design indicators of the bucket foundation structure, which all can meet the design requirements. This research provides a new idea for the optimization design of offshore wind turbine structure.

offshore wind turbine  /  bucket foundation  /  feedback analysis  /  structural optimization  /  safety margin
胡德芳, 张冠豪, 江琦, 蔡东, 刘成果, 陈露露. 考虑荷载安全裕度的海上风电筒型基础优化反演设计. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (4) : 499 -505 .
Defang Hu, Guanhao Zhang, Qi Jiang, Dong Cai, Chenguo Liu, Lulu Chen. Optimization inversion of offshore wind turbine with bucket foundation[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (4) : 499 -505 .
随着全球海上风电不断发展, 提高风电机组基础运行的稳定性与安全性受到越来越多的重视。基础结构作为海上风电结构的主要组成部分, 降低其成本将有助于显著降低平均度电成本, 合理的基础优化设计对海上风电开发十分必要。
关于海上风电基础设计与优化已开展了很多工作。文献[ 1, 2 ] 对筒型基础在循环和单调荷载作用下的承载力特性进行了分析。文献[ 3 ]提出了极限平衡法计算筒型基础承载力的解析解。文献[ 4 ] 提出了基于可靠性的单桩过渡段优化设计, 指出单桩连接段主要由疲劳极限状态决定。文献[ 5 ]提出了钢包混凝土结构代替单桩过渡段, 从结构受力、材料用量和成本对比优化体型与传统单桩基础。文献[ 6 ]采用分析梯度法优化导管架下部结构重量。文献[ 7 ]利用支持向量机法将基础双层优化设计转化为单层优化, 借助粒子群算法确定优化参数, 对三脚架基础进行了优化。文献[ 8 ]建立了一种多准则多参数结构优化策略, 提高了四腿桁架式基础的优化效率,节省用钢量 30% 以上。文献[ 9 ]基于安全裕度的粒子群优化算法对筒型基础结构进行优化设计, 优化后结构用钢量减少了 11.6%,混凝土和钢筋用量分别减少了 7.6% 和 7.4%。文献[ 10 ]提出了形状变量和尺寸变量分层优化方法, 解决了两类变量之间耦合困难的问题。
现有研究均是通过不同算法或改进优化准则对某一类型基础进行优化, 但实际风机运行时, 作用在风机上的荷载包含了气动-结构-风机调控的耦合作用, 而设计阶段忽略了环境和系统参数的不确定性。因此, 有必要将实测荷载与理论荷载之间的关系表示出来, 以此进一步优化风机基础结构。本文引入了电力行业中的安全裕度概念, 将实测荷载与设计荷载之间的量化关系进行定义, 提出海上风电结构安全裕度概念。基于粒子群优化算法和有限元方法, 进一步建立海上风电筒型基础结构优化反演分析模型与计算流程, 根据不同的设计荷载安全裕度值,针对某海上风电筒型基础结构, 基于反馈的安全裕度进行筒型基础结构优化设计。
海上风电筒型基础同时承受上部风机荷载传递的竖向力 $V$ 、水平力 $F$ 和弯矩 $M$ ,其受力模式如 图 1 所示。
图 1 可知, 筒型基础的直径和筒裙深度直接影响基础的刚度、稳定性和承载能力, 圆弧段作为筒型基础的主要传力体系,可利用拱形传力优势将上部荷载均匀传递到主次梁, 因此依旧选择圆弧过渡段作为传力路径。
某筒型基础海上风电位于中国黄海海域, 在海上风机塔筒顶部布置三向振动位移传感器, 同时在基础法兰平台安装应变片, 可以获得风机承受荷载时均值, 叠加位移得到的脉动值, 便可得到海上风机结构承受的实际荷载, 设计荷载与实际荷载比值为 1.15。本文分别取 1.10,1.20 和 1.30 3 个设计安全裕度值作为设计荷载量化指标,对原筒型基础结构进行优化设计。
设计变量是指基础优化设计中可以调整的设计参数, 筒型基础主要由过渡段、混凝土主次梁底板、筒型基础 3 部分组成。结构可以调整的变量如 图 2 所示,过渡段高度 ${x}_{1}$ ,过渡段顶部内径和外径 ${x}_{2},{x}_{3}$ ,过渡段底部内径和外径 ${x}_{4},{x}_{5}$ ,主次梁底板厚度 ${x}_{6}$ ,基础直径 ${x}_{7}$ ,筒裙长度 ${x}_{8}$ ,圈梁宽度 ${x}_{9}$ ,主梁宽度 ${x}_{10}$ ,次梁宽度 ${x}_{11}$ ,筒裙厚度 ${x}_{12}$
设计中塔筒直径确定,过渡段上部 ${x}_{2}$${x}_{3}$ 可确定,过渡段底部厚度与顶部一致,则 ${x}_{4}- {x}_{5}= {x}_{2}- {x}_{3}$ 。 根据风电场水文资料可确定 ${x}_{1}$ ,则设计变量可缩减为 7 个。
$ X ={\left\lbrack {x}_{1},{x}_{2},\cdots ,{x}_{12}\right\rbrack }^{\mathrm{T}}$
目标函数是评价设计方案优劣的表达式, 根据优化目标确定, 优化目标可以是系统质量、体积、成本等。根据已建的筒型基础海上风电结构体型, 以降低原始结构成本为目的, 将筒型基础结构成本作为目标函数。
$ f\left( x\right)= {C}_{\mathrm{c}}{m}_{1}\left( x\right)+ {C}_{\mathrm{c}}{m}_{2}\left( x\right)+ {C}_{\mathrm{s}}{m}_{3}\left( x\right)+ {C}_{\mathrm{l}}{m}_{4}\left( x\right)+ {C}_{\mathrm{r}}{m}_{5}\left( x\right)$
式中: ${m}_{1}\left( x\right),{m}_{2}\left( x\right),{m}_{3}\left( x\right),{m}_{4}\left( x\right),{m}_{5}\left( x\right)$ 分别为过渡段、混凝土底板、基础、预应力钢绞线和钢筋质量; ${C}_{\mathrm{s}},{C}_{\mathrm{c}},{C}_{1},{C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 分别为钢材、混凝土、钢绞线和钢筋单价。
约束条件是指基础优化设计中寻找目标函数极值的限制条件。对于筒型基础, 约束条件应该考虑构件危险部位的应力和变形, 从而保证基础具有足够的稳定性和强度。稳定性约束包括承载力、 抗倾、抗滑移和倾斜率要求。风机叶片旋转产生具有一定带宽的循环荷载, 对风机结构振动有很大影响, 为避免叶片旋转与支撑结构发生共振, 应考虑整体结构动力特性,从稳定性、强度和自振频率 3 方面定义约束条件。
筒型基础顶盖倾斜率:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\Delta h}{{x}_{7}}\leq \tan \theta \\\frac{\Delta h}{{x}_{7}}\leq \tan {\theta }_{1}\end{array}\right.$
式中: ${\Delta h}$ 为基础顶盖位移差, ${\Delta h}= {h}_{1}- {h}_{2},{h}_{1},{h}_{2}$ 分别为筒型基础两侧最终沉降值; $\tan \theta$ 为规范规定基础允许倾斜率,《海上风电场工程风电机组基础设计规范》NB/T10105 规定,考虑施工误差后,基础泥面处倾斜率不超过 ${5.72}\% o;\tan {\theta }_{1}$ 为优化前体型倾斜率,倾斜率为 0.9%。
满足竖向承载力要求:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{q}_{\mathrm{u}}/\bar{\sigma }> {2.0}\\{1.2}{q}_{\mathrm{u}}/{\sigma }_{\max }\geq {2.0}\end{array}\right.$
式中: ${q}_{\mathrm{u}}$ 为筒顶承载力; $\bar{\sigma }$ 为基底压力平均值; ${\sigma }_{\max }$ 为基底压力最大值。
满足抗倾要求:
${M}_{\mathrm{R}}/{M}_{\mathrm{S}}\geq {1.6}$
式中: ${M}_{\mathrm{R}}$ 为抗倾覆力矩; ${M}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 为倾覆力矩。
满足抗滑要求:
${F}_{\mathrm{R}}/{F}_{\mathrm{S}}\geq {1.3}$
式中: ${F}_{\mathrm{R}}$ 为抗土压力与基础地面的摩阻力构成的总抗滑力; ${F}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 为风机上部水平向荷载的滑动力。
过渡段顶部与塔筒连接, 作为上部结构与下部基础的传力构件,过渡段顶部容易发生破坏,其应力应满足:
$\sigma =\frac{M}{\frac{\pi }{\frac{\pi }{32}{x}_{2}}\left({{x}_{3}^{4}- {x}_{2}^{4}}\right)} \pm \frac{{F}_{\mathrm{v}}}{\frac{\pi }{4}\left({{x}_{3}^{2}- {x}_{2}^{2}}\right)} \leq \left\lbrack \sigma \right\rbrack $
主次梁剖面应力应满足:
$\sigma =\frac{{F}_{\mathrm{v}}+ {G}_{1}}{\frac{\pi }{4}{x}_{7}^{2}}\pm \frac{{F}_{\mathrm{h}}{x}_{1}+ M}{W}\leq \left\lbrack \sigma \right\rbrack $
筒型基础作为支撑载体, 其各截面应力应满足:
$\sigma =\frac{N}{A}\pm \frac{M}{W}\leq \left\lbrack \sigma \right\rbrack $
式中: $M$ 为上部风机荷载传递的弯矩; ${F}_{\mathrm{v}}$ 为过渡段顶部竖向力; ${G}_{1}$ 为过渡段重力; ${F}_{\mathrm{h}}$ 为过渡段顶部横向力; $W$ 为抗弯截面系数; $N$ 为筒型基础截面所受上部结构施加压力; $A$ 为筒型基础截面面积。
由于过渡段和主次梁为混凝土结构,混凝土属于抗压不抗拉材料,在较大弯矩和水平荷载作用下, 应力常不满足要求, 因此, 在过渡段和主次梁中加入预应力钢筋。过渡段预应力钢筋布置根据法兰平台处弯矩计算,具体预应力钢筋数量计算方法和预应力钢筋布置方式详见文献[ 11 ]。
为避免叶片转动与支撑结构发生共振, 支撑结构自振频率与 ${1P}$${3P}$ 荷载频率应保持一定间隔。考虑到实测振动响应中 ${3P}$ 荷载的影响,应至少考虑 10%的浮动区间,则结构自振频率应满足:
${1.1}{f}_{1P}\leq {f}_{1}\leq {0.9}{f}_{3P}$
式中: ${f}_{1P}$${1P}$ 荷载的最大频率; ${f}_{1}$ 为风机整机第一阶自振频率; ${f}_{3P}$${3P}$ 荷载的最小频率。
基于安全裕度的荷载工况组合见 表 1 。对于不同校核工况, 荷载安全系数按照规范取值为 1.10~1.35,与原始设计阶段安全系数取值一致, 因此, 优化设计结果的可靠度可得到保证。
粒子群优化算法(PSO)是一种在解空间中寻找最优粒子的群智能算法, 该算法具有简单易行、 收敛速度快、设置参数少和全局智能搜索等优点。 其原理是假设在目标搜索域 $D$ 维空间中 $n$ 个随机粒子组成的种群寻优, 每个粒子由当前位置、速度和个体历史最优位置 3 个属性表示。种群中第 $i$ 个粒子的属性在第 $t$ 次迭代中的位置 ${x}_{i}$ 、速度 ${v}_{i}$ 和粒子个体最优位置 ${p}_{i}$ 以及种群最优位置 ${p}_{g}$ 分别为
${x}_{i}= \left({{x}_{i,1}^{t},{x}_{i,2}^{t},\cdots {x}_{i, N}^{t}}\right)$
${v}_{i}= \left({{v}_{i,1}^{t},{v}_{i,2}^{t},\cdots {v}_{i, N}^{t}}\right)$
${p}_{i}= \left({{p}_{i,1}^{t},{p}_{i,2}^{t},\cdots {p}_{i, N}^{t}}\right)$
${p}_{g}= \left({{p}_{g,1}^{t},{p}_{g,2}^{t},\cdots {p}_{g, N}^{t}}\right)$
在每一次迭代中, 通过追踪个体极值和群体极值更新自身位置,粒子每更新一次位置,需要计算一次适应度值, 在每一次迭代中粒子速度和位置的更新为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_{i, j}^{t + 1}= \omega {v}_{i, j}^{t}\left({i, j}\right)+ {c}_{1}{r}_{1}\left({{p}_{i, j}^{t}- {x}_{i, j}^{t}}\right)+ {c}_{2}{r}_{2}\left({{p}_{g, j}- {x}_{i, j}^{t}}\right)\\{x}_{i, j}^{t + 1}= {x}_{i, j}^{t}+ \gamma {v}_{i, j}^{t + 1}\end{array}\right.$
式中: $\omega$ 为惯性权重; ${c}_{1},{c}_{2}$ 为加速因子; ${r}_{1},{r}_{2}$ 为介于 $\left\lbrack {0,1}\right\rbrack$ 的随机数; $\gamma$ 为位置更新时的约束速度因子。
将粒子群优化算法编程和有限元方法结合, 在优化程序中嵌入有限元计算模型, 从而实现结构优化设计,优化设计流程如 图 3 所示。
通过 PSO 优化算法与有限元方法结合对筒型基础进行优化, 粒子群算法的参数设置如下: 种群大小为 50 , 最大迭代次数为 50 , 惯性权重因子为 0.6 。基于 PSO 与有限元模型结合的筒型基础优化尺寸如 表 2 所示。
基于 1.10 安全裕度反演的基础结构体型倾斜率为 0.77%o,小于规范要求 5.73%o,且不大于原始体型倾斜率 ${0.90}\% o$ 。基于安全裕度反馈优化后体型结构倾斜率不高于原始体型, 说明优化体型满足稳定性设计要求。
基于 1.10 设计安全裕度优化体型的混凝土应力云图如 图 4 所示。由 图 4 可知: 最大拉应力为 ${3.27}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,位于底板,超过极限抗拉强度设计值, 可通过配筋解决;最大压应力为 ${31.7}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ;过渡段拉应力均处于 ${2.04}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 以下,说明在考虑安全裕度后优化的体型仍具有较高的安全储备。
基础筒裙和分舱板应力云图如 图 5 所示。由 图 5 可知,最大 Mises 应力为 ${80.90}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,远小于钢结构屈服强度 ${345}\mathrm{{MPa}}$
通过 PSO 优化算法与有限元结合对筒型基础进行优化, 粒子群算法的参数设置及基于 PSO 与有限元模型结合的筒型基础优化尺寸均与安全裕度 1.10 的一致。
基于 1.20 安全裕度反演的基础结构体型倾斜率为 0.75%o,小于规范要求的 5.73%o,且不大于原始体型倾斜率 ${0.90}\% o$ 。基于安全裕度反馈优化后体型结构倾斜率不高于原始体型, 说明优化体型满足稳定性设计要求。
基于 1.20 设计安全裕度优化体型的混凝土应力云图如 图 6 所示。
图 6 可知:最大拉应力为 ${2.73}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,位于底板, 超过极限抗拉强度设计值, 可通过配筋解决; 最大压应力为 ${30.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ; 过渡段拉应力均处于 ${2.04}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 以下,说明在考虑安全裕度后优化的体型仍具有较高的安全储备。
基础筒裙和分舱板应力云图如 图 7 所示。由 图 7 可知,最大 Mises 应力为 ${77.84}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,远小于钢结构屈服强度 ${345}\mathrm{{MPa}}$
通过 PSO 优化算法与有限元结合对筒型基础进行优化, 粒子群算法的参数设置与安全裕度 1.10 的一致。基于 PSO 与有限元模型结合的筒型基础优化尺寸除 ${x}_{8}$ 不同 $\left({{x}_{8}= {9.5}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$ ,其它筒型基础优化尺寸与安全裕度 1.10 的一致。
基于 1.30 安全裕度反演的基础结构体型倾斜率为 0.83%o,小于规范要求的 5.73%o,且不大于原始体型倾斜率 ${0.90}\% o$ 。基于安全裕度反馈优化后体型结构倾斜率不高于原始体型, 说明优化体型满足稳定性设计要求。
基于 1.30 设计安全裕度优化体型的混凝土应力云图如 8 所示。由 图 8 可知: 最大拉应力为 ${1.17}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,位于过渡段,小于极限抗拉强度设计值;最大压应力为 ${29.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ;过渡段拉应力均处于 ${2.04}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 以下,说明在考虑安全裕度后优化的体型仍具有较高的安全储备。
基础筒裙和分舱板应力云图如 图 9 所示。由 图 9 可知,最大 Mises 应力为 ${75.34}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,远小于钢结构屈服强度 345 MPa。
海上风电筒型基础结构在 3 种不同安全裕度优化反演的横向结果对比如 表 3 所示。
表 3 可以看出:在 3 个安全裕度下,基础结构体型倾斜率均小于原始体型倾斜率;各处应力均具有较高的安全储备。
本文基于反馈安全裕度, 结合粒子群优化算法与有限元方法对海上风电筒型基础结构进行优化设计,得出以下结论。
①基于安全裕度概念,提出了针对海上风电筒型基础结构优化设计的循环调用方法, 可实现不同安全裕度状况下基础关键体型优化。
②基于安全裕度对基础尺寸进行反演优化结果可知,在 1.30 安全裕度下,筒裙长度可由 ${10}\mathrm{\;m}$ 优化至 ${9.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,有效降低了基础成本。
③基于安全裕度反演的基础结构体型倾斜率均小于规范要求的 5.73%o,且不大于原始体型倾斜率 ${0.90}\% o$ ,优化体型后的基础倾斜率均不高于原始体型, 说明优化体型满足稳定性设计要求。
④基于设计安全裕度优化体型的过渡段混凝土拉应力均处于 ${2.04}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 以下,说明在考虑安全裕度后优化的体型仍具有较高的安全储备。
  • 中国长江三峡集团公司科研项目(202003126)
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  • 接收时间:2022-06-03
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-03
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中国长江三峡集团公司科研项目(202003126)
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    1 响水长江风力发电有限公司 江苏 盐城 224600
    2 天津大学 建筑工程学院 天津 300072

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张冠豪(1997-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为海上风电结构静动力特性。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
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species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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