Article(id=1154429763780334122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429758340326256, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697126400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753167103953, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753167103953, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753167103953, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753167103953, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154429758340326256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='710', pageEnd='852', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753167102656, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694592332, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642210440401438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429758340326256, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642210440401439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429758340326256, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=836, endPage=844, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154429764656943663, articleId=1154429763780334122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Research on optimal scheduling technology of virtual power plant based on ant-lion optimization algorithm, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The unique heatdetermined power working mode of coalfired cogeneration units and the antipeaking characteristics of wind power lead to the problems of insufficient peaking capacity and high carbon emissions in virtual power plants. In this paper, we propose an optimal scheduling technology of virtual power plant based on antlion optimization algorithm. The carbon capture technology is supplemented by a reasonable demand response mechanism to realize the flexible and lowcarbon operation of the virtual power plant. Firstly, an optimal scheduling model was established with the objective of the highest economic efficiency in one scheduling cycle. Secondly, a hybrid strategy based on chaotic mapping and tournament selection is designed. The boundary checking mechanism on the search space is utilized to effectively avoid the situation that too many potential solutions are at the same boundary. Finally, the simulation results show that the planned virtual power plant has a reasonable structure, and the proposed scheduling strategy can improve the system's new energy consumption capacity and total revenue while reducing carbon emissions by coordinating the resources on both the source and load sides.

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针对燃煤热电机组独特的以热定电工作方式与风电反调峰特性,导致虚拟电厂存在调峰能力不足、碳排放量居高不下的问题,文章开展了基于蚁狮优化算法的虚拟电厂优化调度技术研究,通过碳捕集技术辅之合理的需求响应机制实现虚拟电厂的灵活低碳运行。首先,建立了以一个调度周期内的经济效益最高为目标的优化调度模型;其次,设计了一种基于混沌映射与竞标赛选择的混合策略代替轮盘选择方法对种群进行初始化,采用搜索空间边界检查机制有效避免了寻优过程中过多潜在解处于同一边界点的情况;最后,仿真结果表明,规划的虚拟电厂结构合理,提出的调度策略能通过协调源荷两侧资源,在提高系统新能源消纳能力与总收益的同时达到减少碳排放量的目的。

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于琪(1987-),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向为虚拟电厂及综合能源优化运行。E-mail:

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于琪(1987-),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向为虚拟电厂及综合能源优化运行。E-mail:

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于琪(1987-),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向为虚拟电厂及综合能源优化运行。E-mail:

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时段 时间 电价/元
峰时段 11:00-15:00,20:00-21:00 0.83
谷时段 ${24} : {00} - 7 : {00}$ 0.17
平时段 $7 : {00} - {11} : {00},{15} : {00} - {20} : {00}$ , ${21} : {00} - {24} : {00}$ 0.45
), ArticleFig(id=1154429817329012810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429763780334122, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=价格需求下的分时电价, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时段 时间 电价/元
峰时段 11:00-15:00,20:00-21:00 0.83
谷时段 ${24} : {00} - 7 : {00}$ 0.17
平时段 $7 : {00} - {11} : {00},{15} : {00} - {20} : {00}$ , ${21} : {00} - {24} : {00}$ 0.45
), ArticleFig(id=1154429817446453324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429763780334122, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Time-of-day gas pricing under price demand, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时段 时间 气价/元
峰时段 ${11} : {00} - {12} : {00},{16} : {00} - {19} : {00}$ 2.74
谷时段 ${22} : {00} - 5 : {00}$ 2.82
平时段 $5 : {00} - 7 : {00},{12} : {00} - {16} : {00}$ , 1.37
17:00-22:00
), ArticleFig(id=1154429817509367886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429763780334122, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=价格需求下的分时气价, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时段 时间 气价/元
峰时段 ${11} : {00} - {12} : {00},{16} : {00} - {19} : {00}$ 2.74
谷时段 ${22} : {00} - 5 : {00}$ 2.82
平时段 $5 : {00} - 7 : {00},{12} : {00} - {16} : {00}$ , 1.37
17:00-22:00
), ArticleFig(id=1154429817601642575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429763780334122, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Parameter settings of the optimization algorithm, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 ALO ACO TCALO
最大迭代次数 200 200 200
蚁狮种群数量 100 100
蚂蚁种群数量 100 100
种群数量 100
比例系数初始值 1 1
混沌映射系数 4
交叉范围 (0.3,0.9)
变异范围 (0.1,0.25)
信息素因子 0.1
启发函数因子 0.5
信息素挥发因子 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1154429817668751441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429763780334122, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=优化算法的相关参数设定, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 ALO ACO TCALO
最大迭代次数 200 200 200
蚁狮种群数量 100 100
蚂蚁种群数量 100 100
种群数量 100
比例系数初始值 1 1
混沌映射系数 4
交叉范围 (0.3,0.9)
变异范围 (0.1,0.25)
信息素因子 0.1
启发函数因子 0.5
信息素挥发因子 0.5
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基于蚁狮优化算法的虚拟电厂优化调度技术研究
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于琪 , 黄蔚亮 1 , 刘晓婕 2 , 阮光宗 2 , 凌雨诗 1 , 黄宇翔 3 , 林国彪 2
可再生能源 | 2024,42(6): 836-844
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(6): 836-844
基于蚁狮优化算法的虚拟电厂优化调度技术研究
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于琪 , 黄蔚亮1, 刘晓婕2, 阮光宗2, 凌雨诗1, 黄宇翔3, 林国彪2
作者信息
  • 1 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 广东 广州 510620
  • 2 东方电子股份有限公司 山东 烟台 264000
  • 3 华南理工大学 广东 广州 510641
  • 于琪(1987-),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向为虚拟电厂及综合能源优化运行。E-mail:

Research on optimal scheduling technology of virtual power plant based on ant-lion optimization algorithm
Qi Yu , Weiliang Huang1, Xiaojie Liu2, Guangzong Ruan2, Yushi Ling1, Yuxiang Huang3, Guobiao Lin2
Affiliations
  • 1 Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd. Guangzhou 510620 China
  • 2 Dongfang Electronics Co., Ltd. Yantai 264000 China
  • 3 South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
出版时间: 2024-06-20
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针对燃煤热电机组独特的以热定电工作方式与风电反调峰特性,导致虚拟电厂存在调峰能力不足、碳排放量居高不下的问题,文章开展了基于蚁狮优化算法的虚拟电厂优化调度技术研究,通过碳捕集技术辅之合理的需求响应机制实现虚拟电厂的灵活低碳运行。首先,建立了以一个调度周期内的经济效益最高为目标的优化调度模型;其次,设计了一种基于混沌映射与竞标赛选择的混合策略代替轮盘选择方法对种群进行初始化,采用搜索空间边界检查机制有效避免了寻优过程中过多潜在解处于同一边界点的情况;最后,仿真结果表明,规划的虚拟电厂结构合理,提出的调度策略能通过协调源荷两侧资源,在提高系统新能源消纳能力与总收益的同时达到减少碳排放量的目的。

综合能源系统  /  虚拟电厂  /  蚁狮优化  /  新能源消纳

The unique heatdetermined power working mode of coalfired cogeneration units and the antipeaking characteristics of wind power lead to the problems of insufficient peaking capacity and high carbon emissions in virtual power plants. In this paper, we propose an optimal scheduling technology of virtual power plant based on antlion optimization algorithm. The carbon capture technology is supplemented by a reasonable demand response mechanism to realize the flexible and lowcarbon operation of the virtual power plant. Firstly, an optimal scheduling model was established with the objective of the highest economic efficiency in one scheduling cycle. Secondly, a hybrid strategy based on chaotic mapping and tournament selection is designed. The boundary checking mechanism on the search space is utilized to effectively avoid the situation that too many potential solutions are at the same boundary. Finally, the simulation results show that the planned virtual power plant has a reasonable structure, and the proposed scheduling strategy can improve the system's new energy consumption capacity and total revenue while reducing carbon emissions by coordinating the resources on both the source and load sides.

integrated energy system  /  virtual power plant  /  antlion optimization  /  renewable energy consumption
于琪, 黄蔚亮, 刘晓婕, 阮光宗, 凌雨诗, 黄宇翔, 林国彪. 基于蚁狮优化算法的虚拟电厂优化调度技术研究. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (6) : 836 -844 .
Qi Yu, Weiliang Huang, Xiaojie Liu, Guangzong Ruan, Yushi Ling, Yuxiang Huang, Guobiao Lin. Research on optimal scheduling technology of virtual power plant based on ant-lion optimization algorithm[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (6) : 836 -844 .
近年来, 发展低碳经济、实现二氧化碳协同减排已成为许多国家关注的焦点, 在低碳发展需求形势下, 能源系统的优化运行逐渐向着低碳经济调度方面发展 [ 1 - 3 ] 。随着电力技术的飞速发展,综合能源系统(Integrated Energy System, IES)作为能源互联网的物理载体, 因其多种能源供应的灵活性,可以提高能源的整体利用效率,缓解多能源供应带来的运行难题 [ 4 - 6 ]
由于地理因素的局限,分布式发电 (Distributed Generation, DG)机组中分散布置的各种设备通常独立运行, 相互之间缺乏协调, 这会造成 IES 资源分配不合理的问题 [ 7 ] 。光伏发电 (Photovoltaic, PV) 是可再生能源的主要利用形式, 在光伏参与 IES 优化运行方面的研究中, 文献 [ 8 ]建立了考虑光伏的多系统协调运行模型,挖掘能源互补的潜力, 提高多系统的运行经济性。文献[ 9 ]基于二阶锥优化建立了考虑光伏的气-电联合系统日前优化调度模型,得到了有效且经济的气一电联合系统日前调度方案。文献[ 10 ]提出了一种考虑光伏区域性 IES 的日前和日内优化调度模型,以降低 IES 的运行成本。然而,光伏的不可控性和功率波动将影响 IES 的运行稳定性和经济性。通过整合 $\mathrm{{DG}}$ 、促进产业结构调整,虚拟电厂 (Virtual Power Plant, VPP) 为上述问题提供了一种解决途径。VPP 利用先进的智能计算机技术和通信系统,汇集各种分布式能源资源、储能和柔性负载。除此之外, VPP 将传统化石能源与可再生能源相结合, 减少碳排放并显著提高可再生能源利用率。VPP 中各机组的输出可与负荷和价格波动相协调, 实现整体参与电力系统优化运行的目标 [ 11 - 13 ]
随着系统规模的扩大或子组件及其运行机制的复杂化, VPP 的优化决策对求解方法的有效性和灵活性提出了更高的要求。当 VPP 的调度问题涉及大量整数变量和非线性约束时, 使用精确的数学方法很难找到有效可行的解决方案。在最优策略的训练中引入启发式方法, 可以实现解的准确性与计算成本和速度之间的平衡, 而不用对问题有特殊的约束和要求 [ 14 ] 。基于热电联产系统的以热定电策略, 采取以满足热-电收益最大化为优先运行方式, 从而提高对外部供热市场的热负荷, 满足运行工况。文献[ 15 ]提出了一种改进的人工蜂群算法, 并应用于含蓄热装置和电锅炉的热电联产系统调度。考虑到分布式能源和电价的不确定性因素, 文献[ 16 ]在园区综合能源系统接入主动配电网的研究中使用了改进的粒子群优化算法。为了研究光伏出力的不确定性,文献[ 17 ]在光伏发电的光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪问题中使用了基于变异策略的改进粒子群算法。文献[ 18 ]引入线性递减惯性权重的改进粒子群算法, 对接入分布式电源的微电网的经济和环境效益问题进行了研究。
热负荷与热出力的耦合性将限制 VPP 在供热期间的调节能力, 传统 VPP 无法满足负荷侧的供热需求 [ 16 ] 。此外, IES 采用电转气(Power to Gas, P2G)技术,将电网富余电能转化为易于储存的电网兼容气体,进而平衡电-气供应,提高能源电力利用率,减少 VPP 能源转换的能源削减 [ 13 ] 。碳捕集系统是一种可以为 $\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}$ 设备提供二氧化碳原料的新方法。与传统电厂相比,采用碳捕集技术的 VPP 可灵活匹配 VPP 中各机组的协调优化和可再生能源的电力输出变化,同时降低碳排放和运营成本。
本文提出了一种含碳捕集-电转气-能量存储设备的 VPP 综合能源低碳经济调度框架, 并采用一种基于竞标赛选择的混沌蚁狮优化 (Tournament -selection of Chaotic Ant -Lion Optimizer, TCALO) 算法对 VPP 系统的调度问题进行求解。
二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存技术 (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage, CCUS) 与可再生能源系统、发电厂和电网的相互独立运行使得综合能源系统运行成本和灵活性受到局限。含碳捕集与燃煤电厂、可再生能源和电网的传统非综合能源系统如 图 1 所示。燃煤电厂废气中的二氧化碳由捕集系统中的溶剂吸收去除。再生富含二氧化碳的溶剂所需的蒸汽能源和压缩二氧化碳所需的电力仅来自发电厂, 这大大降低了发电厂的发电量。为缓解可再生能源的间歇性,在并网阶段需要成本高昂的存储设备和传输措施。
随着可再生能源渗透率在一次能源侧逐步提升,充分利用可再生能源和碳捕集的协同作用实现低碳运行显得尤为重要。本文提出了含电-热- 气 IES 的 VPP 结构, 见 图 2 , 其中包括碳捕集系统、电-热-气网络、光热电站(Concentrating Solar Power, CSP)、P2G 装置、热回收装置、储氢罐、储碳罐等多个耦合模块。本文所提出的 VPP 结构综合考虑了供给侧、能源转换侧和需求侧。供给侧中包含了电网、碳市场和天然气市场,电网通过风力发电厂、光热电站和火电机组向 VPP 系统输送电能,天然气通过热网输送热能。需求侧中的电负荷主要包括新能源发电机组、火电机组及 CSP 机组出力,热负荷由 CSP 和余热回收装置承担。能源转换侧主要包含蓄氢罐、CSP 机组、P2G、碳捕集等设备。
CSP 由太阳能光伏板、热交换器、储热罐和热循环装置组成。太阳能光伏板、热交换器和热循环装置之间的功率通过传热流体进行传递。CSP 电站的能源传输结构如 图 3 所示。
图 3 可以看出, 太阳能光伏板将太阳能转换成热能,通过热交换储存在储热罐中,或在汽轮机中产生过热蒸汽发电。光场收集的热能为
${H}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}, t}= {\eta }_{\mathrm{{CSP}},\mathrm{s}- \mathrm{h}}{S}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}}{I}_{\mathrm{s}, t}$
式中: ${H}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}, t}$$t$ 时刻光场集热器收集的热能; ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{CSP}},\mathrm{s}- \mathrm{h}}$$\mathrm{{CSP}}$ 电站的光热转换效率; ${S}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}}$ 为光场聚光镜的有效面积; ${I}_{\mathrm{s}, t}$$t$ 时刻的光照强度。
储热过程是指将热熔盐从冷槽输送到热槽, 将传热流体的热量储存在储热罐中。放热过程指的是热熔盐从热罐流向冷罐, 储热罐的热量转移到传热流体中。储热罐模型为
${Q}_{\mathrm{{TST}}, t}= \left({1 -{\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{{TST}}}}\right){Q}_{\mathrm{{TST}}, t - 1}+ {\eta }_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{c}}{H}_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{c}, t}{\Delta t}- \frac{{H}_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{d}, t}}{{\eta }_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{d}}}{\Delta t}$
式中: ${Q}_{\mathrm{{TST}}, t}$${Q}_{\mathrm{{TST}}, t - 1}$ 分别为储热罐在 $t$$t - 1$ 时刻的储热量; ${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{{TST}}}$ 为储热罐的热量自损失率; ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{c}}$${\eta }_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{d}}$ 分别为储热罐的储热和放热效率; ${H}_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{c}, t}$${H}_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{d}, t}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻储热罐的储热和放热功率。
图 3 可以看出, CSP 电站的热能来自光场集热、电锅炉产热和储热罐放热。CSP 电站电能输出为
${P}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}, t}= {\eta }_{\mathrm{{CSP}},\mathrm{h}- \mathrm{e}}{H}_{\mathrm{{CSP}},\mathrm{h}- \mathrm{e}, t}$
式中: ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{CSP}},\mathrm{h}- \mathrm{e}}$ 为热-电转换效率; ${H}_{\mathrm{{CSP}},\mathrm{h}- \mathrm{e}, t}$$t$ 时刻机组推动汽轮机发电所消耗的热能。
风力发电是应用最广泛的可再生能源发电形式之一,与 CSP 系统协调运行可有效改善系统供电稳定性, 提高可再生能源利用率和渗透率。风电机组出力与风速有关,可表示为
${P}_{\mathrm{{WT}}, t}= \left\{\begin{matrix} 0,& {v}_{\mathrm{W}, t}\leq {v}_{\mathrm{W},\mathrm{{in}}},{v}_{\mathrm{W}, t}\geq {v}_{\mathrm{W},\mathrm{{in}}}\\\frac{{v}_{\mathrm{W}, t}- {v}_{\mathrm{W},\mathrm{{in}}}}{\mathrm{N}},& {v}_{\mathrm{W},\mathrm{{in}}}< {v}_{\mathrm{W}, t}< {v}_{\mathrm{W}}\\{v}_{\mathrm{W}}- {v}_{\mathrm{W},\mathrm{{in}}}& {v}_{\mathrm{W}}\leq {v}_{\mathrm{W}, t}< {v}_{\mathrm{W},\mathrm{{out}}}\end{matrix}\right.$
式中: ${v}_{\mathrm{W}, t}$$t$ 时刻的风速; ${v}_{\mathrm{W},\mathrm{{in}}}$${v}_{\mathrm{W},\mathrm{{out}}}$ 分别为切入和切出风速; ${v}_{\mathrm{W}}^{\mathrm{N}}$${P}_{\mathrm{W}}^{\mathrm{N}}$ 分别为风电机组的额定风速和额定功率。
$\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}$ 可用作电网的电力负荷和天然气网的气源。在 P2G 生产甲烷的过程中会产生大量余热, 利用余热的放热特性,将其作为热网的热源。同时, 在考虑碳捕集的 IES 中, P2G 可直接利用碳捕集装置捕集的 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 进行生产。 $\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}$ 电解水制氢过程中,有:
${G}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}^{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}= \frac{{P}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}{\eta }_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}}^{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}}{{\lambda }_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}}$
式中: ${G}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}^{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}$ 为设备产生的氢气量; ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{P2G}}}^{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}$ 为设备的制氢效率; ${\lambda }_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}$ 为氢气热值。
甲烷化过程中消耗的 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$${G}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}$ 和生产的 ${\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}$${G}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}$ 可以表示为
${G}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}= {\eta }_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}- {\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}{P}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}^{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}$
${G}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}= {\eta }_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}- {\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}{P}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}^{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}$
式中: ${\eta }_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}- {\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}$${\eta }_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}- {\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}$ 分别为 ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2},{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}$ 反应系数,这里 ${\eta }_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}- {\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}= {\eta }_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}- {\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}= {0.25}_{\circ }$
碳捕集机组是利用碳捕集与封存技术将燃煤机组改造为低碳机组。在碳捕集过程中, 再生塔的再生热能和压缩机的压缩电能产生碳捕集运行能耗。燃气轮机电能输出和热能输出与天然气流量之间的关系为
${P}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}= {\eta }_{\mathrm{{GT}},\mathrm{g}- \mathrm{e}}{\lambda }_{\mathrm{{CH}}4}{G}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}$
${H}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}= {\eta }_{\mathrm{{GT}},\mathrm{g}- \mathrm{h}}{\lambda }_{\mathrm{{CH}}4}{G}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}$
式中: ${P}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}$${H}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}$ 分别为燃烧 ${\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}$ 产生的电输出功率和热输出功率; ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{GT}},\mathrm{g}- \mathrm{e}}$${\eta }_{\mathrm{{GT}},\mathrm{g}- \mathrm{h}}$ 分别为燃气轮机的电转换效率和热转换效率; ${\lambda }_{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}$${\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}$ 燃烧的热值; ${G}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}$$t$ 时刻流入燃气轮机的 ${\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}$ 流量。
碳捕集装置消耗的电能与捕集到的 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 成正比,碳捕集电厂用以捕集 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 的电能消耗可表示为
${P}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}= \frac{{\gamma }_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}^{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}{G}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}}{{\eta }_{\mathrm{{CC}}}}$
式中: ${\gamma }_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}$ 为碳捕集电厂处理单位 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 的电能消耗; ${G}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}$$t$ 时刻碳捕集电厂捕集的 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2};{\eta }_{\mathrm{{CC}}}$ 为装置的工作效率。
碳捕集电厂的电能输出 ${P}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}$ 和碳排放量 ${G}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{\text{out }}$ 可表示为
${P}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}= {P}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}- {P}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}- {P}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{\mathrm{{fix}}}$
${G}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{\mathrm{{out}}}= {G}_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}, t}- {G}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}$
式中: ${P}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{\mathrm{{fix}}}$ 为装置的固定能耗; ${G}_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}, t}$$t$ 时刻碳捕集电厂产生的 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ ,满足 ${G}_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}, t}= {\mu }_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}{P}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}$ ,其中 ${\mu }_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}$${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 排放强度。
根据峰谷电价,利用蓄电池在电价高峰放电、 电价低谷充电, 起到削峰填谷的作用。蓄电池模型可表示为
${Q}_{\mathrm{{ES}}, t}= \left({1 -{\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{{ES}}}}\right){Q}_{\mathrm{{ES}}, t - 1}+ {\eta }_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{c}}{P}_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{c}, t}{\Delta t}- \frac{{P}_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{d}, t}}{{\eta }_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{d}}}{\Delta t}$
式中: ${Q}_{\mathrm{{ES}}, t}$${Q}_{\mathrm{{ES}}, t - 1}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻和 $t - 1$ 时刻的储电量; ${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{{ES}}}$ 为储电站电能自损失率; ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{c}}$${\eta }_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{d}}$ 分别为充、放电效率; ${P}_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{c}, t}$${P}_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{d}, t}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻的充、放电功率; ${\Delta t}$ 为单位时间间隔。
作为天然气的存储设备, 储气罐的作用与蓄电池类似,可以表示为
${Q}_{\mathrm{{GST}}, t}= {Q}_{\mathrm{{GST}}, t - 1}+ {\eta }_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{c}}{G}_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{c}, t}{\Delta t}- \frac{{G}_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{d}, t}}{{\eta }_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{d}}}{\Delta t}$
式中: ${Q}_{\mathrm{{GST}}, t}$${Q}_{\mathrm{{GST}}, t - 1}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻和 $t - 1$ 时刻的储气量; ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{c}}$${\eta }_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{d}}$ 分别为充、放气效率; ${G}_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{c}, t}$${G}_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{d}, t}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻天然气注入和输出流量。
系统中装设储氢罐,在 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 供应不足时将 $\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}$ 电解水产生的 ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ 储存起来,增加系统可再生能源消纳能力。储氢罐模型为
${Q}_{\mathrm{{HST}}, t}= {Q}_{\mathrm{{HST}}, t - 1}+ {\eta }_{\mathrm{{HST}},\mathrm{c}}{G}_{\mathrm{{HST}},\mathrm{c}, t}{\Delta t}- \frac{{G}_{\mathrm{{HST}},\mathrm{d}, t}}{{\eta }_{\mathrm{{HST}},\mathrm{d}}}{\Delta t}$
式中: ${Q}_{\mathrm{{HST}}, t}$${Q}_{\mathrm{{HST}}, t - 1}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻和 $t - 1$ 时刻储氢罐中的储气量; ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{HST}},\mathrm{c}}$${\eta }_{\mathrm{{HST}},\mathrm{d}}$ 分别为储氢罐的充、 放气效率; ${G}_{\mathrm{{HST}},\mathrm{c}, t}$${G}_{\mathrm{{HST}},\mathrm{d}, t}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻 ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ 注入和输出流量。
储碳装置可以在 P2G 设备制造天然气时提供 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 原料,使系统减排的同时减少系统运行成本。储碳罐模型为
${Q}_{\mathrm{{CSD}}, t}= {Q}_{\mathrm{{CSD}}, t - 1}+ {\eta }_{\mathrm{{CSD}},\mathrm{c}}{G}_{\mathrm{{CSD}},\mathrm{c}, t}{\Delta t}- \frac{{G}_{\mathrm{{CSD}},\mathrm{d}, t}}{{\eta }_{\mathrm{{CSD}},\mathrm{d}}}{\Delta t}$
式中: ${Q}_{\mathrm{{CSD}}, t}$${Q}_{\mathrm{{CSD}}, t - 1}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻和 $t - 1$ 时刻的储碳量; ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{CSD}},\mathrm{c}}$${\eta }_{\mathrm{{CSD}},\mathrm{d}}$ 分别为储碳罐的充、放气效率; ${G}_{\mathrm{{CSD}},\mathrm{c}, t}$${G}_{\mathrm{{CSD}},\mathrm{d}, t}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 注入和输出流量。
电一热一气 IES 系统最优调度模型的目标函数是系统总运行成本最低, 成本包括运行成本 ${F}_{\mathrm{{OP}}}$ 、碳税 ${F}_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}$ 和弃风光惩罚成本 ${F}_{\mathrm{{AE}}}$ ,可以表示为
${F}_{\mathrm{{IES}}}= \min \left({{F}_{\mathrm{{OP}}}+ {F}_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}+ {F}_{\mathrm{{AE}}}}\right)$
${F}_{\mathrm{{OP}}}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{t = 1}}^{{24}}\left({{p}_{\mathrm{e}, t}^{\mathrm{{buy}}}{P}_{t}^{\mathrm{{buy}}}- {p}_{\mathrm{e}, t}^{\mathrm{{sell}}}{P}_{t}^{\mathrm{{sell}}}+ {p}_{\mathrm{g}, t}^{\mathrm{{buy}}}{G}_{\mathrm{g}, t}^{\mathrm{{buy}}}+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i \in {\Omega }_{\mathrm{{IBS}}}}}{p}_{i}{P}_{i, t}}\right)$
${F}_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{t = 1}}^{{24}}{p}_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}\left({{G}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}- {G}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{\mathrm{A}}- {G}_{\mathrm{{CC}}, t}^{\mathrm{M}}}\right)$
${F}_{\mathrm{{AE}}}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{t = 1}}^{{24}}\left\lbrack {{p}_{\mathrm{{WT}}}\left|{{\widetilde{P}}_{\mathrm{{WT}}, t}- {P}_{\mathrm{{WT}}, t}}\right|+ {p}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}}\left|{{\widetilde{H}}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}, t}- {H}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}, t}}\right|}\right\rbrack $
式中: ${p}_{\mathrm{e}, t}^{\text{buy }}$${p}_{\mathrm{e}, t}^{\text{sell }}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻系统购电价和售电价; ${P}_{t}^{\text{buy }}$${P}_{t}^{\text{sell }}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻系统购电量和售电量; ${p}_{\mathrm{g}, t}^{\text{buy }}$${G}_{\mathrm{g}, t}^{\text{buy }}$ 分别为 $t$ 时刻购气价和购气量; ${p}_{i}$ 为设备 $i$ 的单位运行成本; ${P}_{i, t}$$t$ 时刻设备 $i$ 的运行功率; ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{{IES}}}$ 为设备集合; ${p}_{{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}}$ 为排放单位 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 所产生的碳税; ${p}_{\mathrm{{WT}}}$${p}_{\mathrm{{CPS}}}$ 分别为单位弃风和弃光成本; ${\widetilde{P}}_{\mathrm{{WT}}, t}$ 为风电出力的预测值; ${\widetilde{H}}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}, t}$$\mathrm{{CSP}}$ 电站光场集热的预测值。
系统电平衡约束:
${P}_{\mathrm{{COU}}, t}+ {P}_{\mathrm{{CSP}}, t}+ {P}_{\mathrm{{WT}}, t}+ {P}_{t}^{\text{buy }}+ {P}_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{d}, t}- {P}_{\mathrm{{ES}},\mathrm{c}, t}= {L}_{\mathrm{e}, t}+ {P}_{t}^{\text{sell }}+ {P}_{\mathrm{{EB}}, t}$
式中: ${L}_{\mathrm{e}, t}$$t$ 时刻系统的电负荷; ${P}_{\mathrm{{EB}}, t}$$t$ 时刻输入的电功率。
系统热平衡约束:
${H}_{\mathrm{{HRU}}, t}+ {H}_{\mathrm{{EB}}, t}+ {H}_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{d}, t}- {H}_{\mathrm{{TST}},\mathrm{c}, t}= {L}_{\mathrm{h}, t}$
式中: ${H}_{\mathrm{{HRU}}, t}$${H}_{\mathrm{{EB}}, t}$ 分别为余热回收装置和电锅炉所产生的热能; ${L}_{\mathrm{h}, t}$$t$ 时刻系统的热负荷。
${H}_{\mathrm{{HRU}}, t}= {\eta }_{\mathrm{{HRU}}}{H}_{\mathrm{{HRU}}, t}^{\mathrm{{in}}}$
${H}_{\mathrm{{EB}}, t}= {\eta }_{\mathrm{{EB}}}{P}_{\mathrm{{EB}}, t}$
式中: ${\eta }_{\mathrm{{HRU}}}$${\eta }_{\mathrm{{EB}}}$ 分别为余热回收机组的热转换效率和电锅炉的热电转化效率; ${H}_{\mathrm{{HRU}}, t}^{\mathrm{{in}}}$ 为燃气轮机和 P2G 设备所输入的余热量。
系统气平衡约束:
${G}_{\mathrm{g}, t}^{\mathrm{{buy}}}+ {G}_{\mathrm{P}2\mathrm{G}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}+ {G}_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{d}, t}- {G}_{\mathrm{{GST}},\mathrm{c}, t}= {L}_{\mathrm{g}, t}+ {G}_{\mathrm{{GT}}, t}^{{\mathrm{{CH}}}_{4}}$
式中: ${L}_{\mathrm{g}, t}$$t$ 时刻系统的气负荷。
除电-热-气平衡约束外,设备还应满足:
${P}_{i, t}^{\min }\leq {P}_{i, t}\leq {P}_{i, t}^{\max }$
${Q}_{i, t}^{\min }\leq {Q}_{i, t}\leq {Q}_{i, t}^{\max }$
${Q}_{i,0}= {Q}_{i, T}$
式中: ${P}_{i, t}^{\min }$${P}_{i, t}^{\max }$ 分别为设备的最小出力和最大出力; ${Q}_{i, t}^{\min }$${Q}_{i, t}^{\max }$ 分别为储能设备的最小容量和最大容量。
为了求解上述调度问题, 本文提出了一种改进的蚁狮优化(Ant Lion Optimizer, ALO)算法。 ALO 算法通过模仿蚁狮在自然界中建造陷阱和捕食蚂蚁的过程, 找到最优解。ALO 算法有两个种群, 一个是蚂蚁种群, 另一个是蚁狮种群。蚂蚁随机行走、蚂蚁掉入陷阱、蚂蚁滑向蚁狮、蚁狮捕捉蚂蚁、蚁狮重建陷阱是狩猎过程的 5 个基本模块。ALO 算法的数学模型是从搜索空间中的随机行走开展的,可描述如下:
$ x\left( t\right)= \\\left\{\begin{array}{l} 0,\operatorname{cumsum}\left\lbrack {{2r}\left({t}_{1}\right)- 1}\right\rbrack ,\operatorname{cumsum}\left\lbrack {{2r}\left({t}_{2}\right)- 1}\right\rbrack ,\cdots ,\\\operatorname{cumsum}\left\lbrack {{2r}\left({t}_{n}\right)- 1}\right\rbrack \end{array}\right\}$
式中: $x\left( t\right)$ 为第 $t$ 次迭代的随机行走; cumsum 为累积和; $n$ 为最大迭代次数; $r\left( t\right)$ 为随机函数。
$ r\left( t\right)= \left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1,& \text{ if }\operatorname{rand}> {0.5}\\ 0,& \text{ if }\operatorname{rand}< {0.5}\end{array}\right.$
式中:rand 为 $\left\lbrack {0,1}\right\rbrack$ 内的随机数。
为了保证蚂蚁在搜索空间中随机移动而不超越边界,对蚂蚁的位置进行调节,如下所示:
${y}_{i}^{t}= \frac{\left({{x}_{i}^{t}- {a}_{i}}\right)\left({{d}_{i}^{t}- {c}_{i}^{t}}\right)}{{b}_{i}- {a}_{i}}+ {c}_{i}^{t}$
式中: ${a}_{i}$${b}_{i}$ 分别为 ${x}_{i}$ 的最小值和最大值; ${c}_{i}^{t}$${d}_{i}^{t}$ 分别为某只蚂蚁的第 $i$ 个变量第 $t$ 次迭代的最小值和最大值。
模拟蚂蚁在蚁群周围漫无目的地行走并被困住的过程, 计算式如下:
${c}_{i}^{t}= {\operatorname{Antlionn}}_{i}^{t}+ {c}^{t}$
${d}_{i}^{t}= {\operatorname{Antlionn}}_{i}^{t}+ {d}^{t}$
式中: Antlionn ${}_{i}^{t}$ 为第 $i$ 只蚂蚁在第 $t$ 次迭代时选中的蚁群位置。
通过自适应降低蚂蚁的随机行走范围, 模拟蚂蚁滑入蚁群的过程, 如下所示:
${c}^{t}= \frac{{c}^{t}}{I}$
${d}^{t}= \frac{{d}^{t}}{I}$
式中: $I$ 为一种比例参数,根据迭代次数的增加动态调整。
$ I =\left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1,& t \leq {0.1T}\\{10}^{w},& t >{0.1T}\end{array}\right.$
式中: $t$ 为当前迭代次数; $T$ 为最大迭代次数; $w$ 为随迭代次数而动态调整的参数。
根据蚂蚁的随机行走机制, 通过对种群中随机抽取的个体进行锦标赛, 从中选出最优的蚁群和精英蚁群行走。每次迭代均会更新蚂蚁的位置:
${\mathrm{{Ant}}}_{i}^{t}= \frac{{R}_{\mathrm{A}}^{t}+ {R}_{\mathrm{E}}^{t}}{2}$
式中: ${\mathrm{{Ant}}}_{i}^{t}$ 为第 $i$ 个蚂蚁在第 $t$ 次迭代时被选中的位置; ${R}_{\mathrm{A}}^{t}$ 为由锦标赛选择出蚂蚁在蚁群周围的位置; ${R}_{\mathrm{E}}^{t}$ 为蚂蚁在精英蚁群周围的随机行走。
为了初始化种群, 这里采用 Chebyshev 混沌映射进行设置:
${x}_{k + 1}= \cos \left\lbrack {A{\cos }^{-1}\left({x}_{k}\right)}\right\rbrack $
式中: $k$ 为混沌序列迭代次数; $A$ 为一种映射系数,本文选取 $A = 2$
在对群体中进行个体选择的过程中, 对每对蚂蚁和蚁群的适应度值进行比较, 而不是对蚂蚁和蚁群进行合并和排序。在比较过程中,如果蚂蚁的适应度值优于蚁狮的适应度值, 蚁狮的位置就会被更新为蚂蚁的位置,计算式如下:
${\operatorname{Antlionn}}_{i}^{t}= {\operatorname{Ant}}_{i}^{t}\text{ if }f\left({\operatorname{Ant}}_{i}^{t}\right)< f\left({\operatorname{Antlionn}}_{i}^{t}\right)$
式中: Antlionn ${}_{i}^{t}$ 为第 $i$ 个蚁狮在第 $t$ 次迭代时被选中的位置; $f$ 为适应度函数。
为避免寻优过程中群体中的过多蚂蚁处于同一边界点的情况, 通过式 (40) 随机地进入搜索空间。
${\mathrm{{Ant}}}_{i}^{t}= {b}_{\text{low }}+ \operatorname{rand}\times \left({{b}_{\text{up }}- {b}_{\text{low }}}\right)\;\text{if}{\mathrm{{Ant}}}_{i}^{t}> {b}_{\text{up }}\text{或}{\mathrm{{Ant}}}_{i}^{t}< {b}_{\text{low }}$
式中: ${b}_{\mathrm{{low}}}$${b}_{\mathrm{{up}}}$ 分别为搜索空间的下界和上界。
整个算法的流程如 图 4 所示。
在本案例研究中, 建立了一个电力-天然气综合测试系统,展示所提出的电-热-气 IES 低碳经济调度方法的有效性。该系统由一个改进的 IEEE-30 节点电力系统、6 节点热网和 7 节点天然气系统组成 [ 19 ] ,其中,电力系统包括风电场、光热电站、电力储能、燃气轮机组和储热罐,天然气系统包括燃气锅炉单元、P2G 单元、热能储存器和气源。本文的风电光伏出力和负荷曲线如 图 5 所示。实验过程中以 $1\mathrm{\;h}$ 为一个时间步长, ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 为一个观测周期, 分时电价和气价分别如 表 1表 2 所示。所有模拟和测试均在配有双核英特尔 CPU 和 ${16}\mathrm{\;{GB}}$ 内存的计算机上进行。
在电力-天然气综合测试系统上对所提出的 TCALO 方法与蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization, ACO) 及 ALO 算法进行分析比较, 3 种方法的相关参数设定如 表 3 所示。 图 6 显示了在考虑电-热-气综合需求响应、储氢和储碳设备场景下 3 种方法的收敛特性比较, 其中最大迭代次数为 200。ACO 算法在第 110 次迭代时达到了最优解; 在 ALO 算法中, 最优解是在第 103 次迭代得到的; 改进后的 ALO 算法在第 80 次迭代后收敛于最优解, 验证了混沌映射和锦标赛选择的种群初始化有助于保证初始种群的质量, 从而能够更加快速地收敛于最优解。
图 7 显示了经 TCALO 和 ALO 优化后的 IES 系统电力运行曲线。从 图 7 中可以看出:CSP 出力主要集中在峰值电价时段;在谷电价时段,即 $0 :{00}- 7 :{00},\mathrm{{CSP}}$ 的输出几乎为零。原因是谷电价时段是夜间,没有阳光。因此,应尽可能将热能储存在储热罐中, 并在电价高峰期将热能转换成电能发电, 以降低系统的运行成本。经 TCALO 优化后的能量储存系统(ESS)放电时段为 $1 :{00},{10}: {00}$ 和 19:00,充电时段为 $2 :{00}- 3 :{00}$${23}: {00}- {24}$ : 00。这是由于为降低运营成本, 在谷电价时段对 ESS 进行充电, 在峰电价时段进行放电。
IES 系统中的热功率运行曲线如 图 8 所示。 从 图 8 中可以看出, 热负荷主要来源为 CSP、热回收装置和电锅炉。CSP 在 $6 :{00}- {13}: {00}$ 和 16:00- 22:00 分别提供了部分热负荷, 这两个时段分别对应电价高峰期和天然气价格高峰期, 因此利用 CSP 可节省运行成本。 $2 :{00}- 4 :{00}$${23}: {00}- {24}:$ 00,热负荷由电锅炉供电,因为在谷电价时段使用电锅炉可以降低运行成本。
图 9 显示了 IES 系统中燃气功率的运行曲线。从 图 9(a) 中可以看出,在 3:00,12:00-18:00 和 23:00-24:00,电力通过 P2G 转换为天然气并存储在储气罐中。从 图 9(b) 中可以看出, 为降低运行成本,在 $2 :{00},4 :{00}- 5 :{00},7 :{00},{12}: {00}-$ 17:00 和 23:00,天然气存储在储气罐中,这与 表2 所示的谷时气价和平时气价基本吻合。
本文提出了一种考虑碳捕集、P2G、CSP 及综合能源需求响应机制的电-热-气 IES 的日前优化协调运行模型,以提高 IES 的调度灵活性并降低其运行成本。本文采用改进的蚁狮优化方法求解该模型, 采用混沌映射, 并从结果序列中随机抽取个体进行锦标赛的混合策略代替轮盘选择方法得到初始种群。结合搜索空间边界检查机制, 有效避免了寻优过程中过多潜在解处于同一边界点的情况。在今后的工作中, 应考虑多负荷预测的不确定性和可再生能源发电输出预测的不确定性, 以提高所提模型的实用性。
  • 南方电网公司科技项目资助(030108KK52220005/GDKJXM20220333)
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2024年第42卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2023-10-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-13
基金
南方电网公司科技项目资助(030108KK52220005/GDKJXM20220333)
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    1 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 广东 广州 510620
    2 东方电子股份有限公司 山东 烟台 264000
    3 华南理工大学 广东 广州 510641
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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