Article(id=1154429760366170662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429758340326256, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1661356800000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753167103139, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753167103139, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753167103139, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753167103139, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154429758340326256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='710', pageEnd='852', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753167102656, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694592332, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642210440401438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429758340326256, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642210440401439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429758340326256, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=820, endPage=826, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154429760789795367, articleId=1154429760366170662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=High gain Boost converter for renewable energy, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Since the output voltage level of a range of green renewable energy sources is low, it is necessary to use Boost converter to increase the voltage level in the process of grid connection. A high gain Boost converter is proposed which not only achieves high voltage gain but also extends the circuit structure to meet higher boost requirements. Firstly, the operating principle and switching device stress of the proposed converter are theoretically analyzed, and the design method of the device parameters is given; then the boosting capability of the converter is comparatively studied, and the influence of nonideal devices on the voltage gain is analyzed; finally, the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis are fully verified through the combination of simulation model building and experimental prototype.

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由于可再生能源的输出电压水平较低,在并网的过程中须要使用升压变换器来提高电压水平。文章提出了一种高增益升压变换器,该变换器不仅能实现高电压增益,而且还能扩展电路结构以满足更高的升压要求。首先理论分析了所提出变换器的工作原理和开关器件应力,给出了器件参数设计方法;然后对比研究了该变换器的升压能力,分析了非理想器件对电压增益的影响;最后通过仿真模型和实验样机相结合的方法,验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性。

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马小三(1980-),男,博士,教授,主要从事开关电源与量子信息方面的研究。E-mail: 。
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开关器件
电压应力 $\frac{1 - D}{1 + D}{U}_{0}$ ${U}_{0}$ $\frac{D\left( {1 - D}\right) }{1 + D}{U}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}{1 + D}{U}_{0}$
电流应力 $\frac{3 - D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{3}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{1}{1 - D}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{3}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{3}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
开关器件 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{4}$ ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{5}$
电压应力 $\frac{1 - D}{1 + D}{U}_{0}$ $\frac{1 - D}{1 + D}{U}_{0}$ $\frac{2}{1 + D}{U}_{\mathrm{o}}$
电流应力 $\frac{1}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}{I}_{0}$ $\frac{1}{1 - D}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154429813759661056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429760366170662, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=开关器件电压和电流应力, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开关器件
电压应力 $\frac{1 - D}{1 + D}{U}_{0}$ ${U}_{0}$ $\frac{D\left( {1 - D}\right) }{1 + D}{U}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}{1 + D}{U}_{0}$
电流应力 $\frac{3 - D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{3}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{1}{1 - D}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{3}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{3}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
开关器件 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{4}$ ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{5}$
电压应力 $\frac{1 - D}{1 + D}{U}_{0}$ $\frac{1 - D}{1 + D}{U}_{0}$ $\frac{2}{1 + D}{U}_{\mathrm{o}}$
电流应力 $\frac{1}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ $\frac{D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}{I}_{0}$ $\frac{1}{1 - D}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154429813830964224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429760366170662, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=compares the converter with other converters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 开关管 二极管 电感 电容 电压增益
二次型 Boost 变换器 1 3 2 2 $\frac{1}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}$
文献[ 5 ] 2 3 2 3 $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}$
文献[ 8 ] 1 5 2 4 $\frac{2}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}$
文献[ 9 ] 2 4 3 5 $\frac{1 + {3D}}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}$
所提出的变换器 2 5 3 4 $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{3}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154429813923237891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429760366170662, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=所提变换器与其他变换器比较, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 开关管 二极管 电感 电容 电压增益
二次型 Boost 变换器 1 3 2 2 $\frac{1}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}$
文献[ 5 ] 2 3 2 3 $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}$
文献[ 8 ] 1 5 2 4 $\frac{2}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}$
文献[ 9 ] 2 4 3 5 $\frac{1 + {3D}}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{2}}$
所提出的变换器 2 5 3 4 $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right) }^{3}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154429814019706884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429760366170662, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Simulation parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值 参数 数值
输入电压/V 15 电容 ${C}_{4}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 220
${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 100 负载 $R/\Omega$ 200
${L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 300 占空比 $D$ 0.4
${L}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 1 500 开关频率 $f/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 25
电容 ${C}_{1} \sim {C}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 100
), ArticleFig(id=1154429814070038533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429760366170662, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=仿真参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值 参数 数值
输入电压/V 15 电容 ${C}_{4}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 220
${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 100 负载 $R/\Omega$ 200
${L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 300 占空比 $D$ 0.4
${L}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 1 500 开关频率 $f/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 25
电容 ${C}_{1} \sim {C}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 100
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适用于可再生能源的高增益升压变换器
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许杰 , 马小三
可再生能源 | 2024,42(6): 820-826
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(6): 820-826
适用于可再生能源的高增益升压变换器
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许杰, 马小三
作者信息
  • 1 安徽工业大学 电气与信息工程学院 马鞍山 243032

通讯作者:

马小三(1980-),男,博士,教授,主要从事开关电源与量子信息方面的研究。E-mail: 。
High gain Boost converter for renewable energy
Jie Xu, Xiaosan Ma
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243032 China
出版时间: 2024-06-20
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由于可再生能源的输出电压水平较低,在并网的过程中须要使用升压变换器来提高电压水平。文章提出了一种高增益升压变换器,该变换器不仅能实现高电压增益,而且还能扩展电路结构以满足更高的升压要求。首先理论分析了所提出变换器的工作原理和开关器件应力,给出了器件参数设计方法;然后对比研究了该变换器的升压能力,分析了非理想器件对电压增益的影响;最后通过仿真模型和实验样机相结合的方法,验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性。

升压变换器  /  高电压增益  /  非理想器件  /  可再生能源

Since the output voltage level of a range of green renewable energy sources is low, it is necessary to use Boost converter to increase the voltage level in the process of grid connection. A high gain Boost converter is proposed which not only achieves high voltage gain but also extends the circuit structure to meet higher boost requirements. Firstly, the operating principle and switching device stress of the proposed converter are theoretically analyzed, and the design method of the device parameters is given; then the boosting capability of the converter is comparatively studied, and the influence of nonideal devices on the voltage gain is analyzed; finally, the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis are fully verified through the combination of simulation model building and experimental prototype.

Boost converters  /  high voltage gain  /  non-ideal devices  /  renewable energy
许杰, 马小三. 适用于可再生能源的高增益升压变换器. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (6) : 820 -826 .
Jie Xu, Xiaosan Ma. High gain Boost converter for renewable energy[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (6) : 820 -826 .
在可再生能源发电总量中, 风能和太阳能成为了主要发电来源, 伴随着我国政策导向和相关技术成本的下降, 可再生能源的大规模开发利用成为了能源发展的必然趋势 [ 1 ] 。然而,可再生能源因输出电压低不能直接并网使用, 在可再生能源发电系统与并网逆变器之间需要高增益升压变换器 [ 2, 3 ] 。如 图 1 所示,以两级式光伏发电系统为例, 高增益升压变换器在电压转换过程中具有不可替代的作用。
隔离型升压变换器通过改变变压器的匝比可以实现很高的电压比, 但因漏感的存在导致变换器效率不高。传统 Boost 变换器受实际因素的制约, 很难实现较高的电压增益, 研究人员提出了很多非隔离高增益升压变换器 [ 4 - 7 ] 。传统 Boost 变换器通过级联简化的结构方式可以得到二次型升压变换器, 但升压能力还是不足。文献[ 8 ]在级联的基础上引入开关电容单元, 提出了一种新的拓扑结构,但其电压增益相对于二次型升压变换器仅提升了一倍。文献 [ 9, 10 ] 在准 $\mathrm{Z}$ 源升压变换器的基础上分别与传统变换器和开关电容单元结合, 提出了两种具有高电压增益的新型升压变换器。文献[ 11 ]通过引入电压升举单元提升传统变换器的电压增益,但增加了变换器的尺寸和成本[ 11 ]。文献[ 12 - 14 ]分别利用交错并联技术、耦合电感以及升压单元提升电压增益, 但增加了变换器的复杂度。
本文提出了一种适用于可再生能源的高增益升压变换器,具有控制简单、电压增益高以及结构可扩展等优点。该变换器的输入输出共地,更适用于可再生能源发电系统。
图 2 给出了本文所提变换器的拓扑结构, 该变换器的输入侧接入可再生能源发电系统的输出端,其输出电压用低压直流电源 ${U}_{\text{in }}$ 代替。该拓扑结构由电源 ${U}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$ 、开关管 ${\mathrm{V}}_{1}$${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$ 、二极管 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{{VD}}}_{5}$ 、 电感 ${L}_{1}\sim {L}_{3}$ 、电容 ${C}_{1}\sim {C}_{4}$ 以及负载 $R$ 组成。
由于开关管驱动信号同步, 所提出的升压变换器仅有两种工作模态, 为了便于分析变换器的工作模态, 本文提出如下假设: ①所有器件均工作在理想状态, 忽略寄生参数的影响; ②电容的容值足够大;③电感工作在连续导通模式(Continuous Conduction Mode, CCM); ④在一个完整的开关周期 ${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 内, $D$ 为开关管导通占空比。所提出变换器的主要工作波形如 图 3 所示。
工作模态 $1\left\lbrack {{t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}}\right\rbrack$${t}_{0}$ 时刻, ${\mathrm{V}}_{1}$${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$ 导通, ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{1}$ 导通。电源 ${U}_{\text{in }}$ 通过 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{1}$${L}_{1}$ 进行充电, ${C}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 进行充电, ${C}_{2}$${C}_{3}$ 因负电流同时放电, ${L}_{3}$ 充电, ${L}_{1}\sim {L}_{3}$ 的电流线性上升,电流回路如 图 4(a)所示。 在此期间, ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{2}\sim {\mathrm{{VD}}}_{5}$ 一直处于关断状态, ${C}_{4}$ 对负载 $R$ 供电。直至 ${t}_{1}$ 时刻, ${\mathrm{V}}_{1}$${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$ 关断信号到来, 此模态结束。在该模态中, 电感两端电压、电容电流关系分别如下:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{U}_{{L1}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)} ={U}_{\text{in }}\\{U}_{{L2}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)} ={U}_{C1}\\{U}_{{L3}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)} ={U}_{C2}+ {U}_{C3}\\{U}_{C4}= {U}_{4}\end{array}\right.$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{I}_{{C1}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)} =- {I}_{L2}\\{I}_{{C2}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)} ={I}_{{C3}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)} =- {I}_{L3}\\{I}_{{C4}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)} =- {I}_{\mathrm{o}}\end{array}\right.$
式中: ${U}_{\text{in }}$${U}_{\text{o }}$ 分别为输入和输出电压; ${U}_{{L1}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)} \sim {U}_{{L3}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)}$ 分别为电感 ${L}_{1}\sim {L}_{3}$ 两端的电压; ${U}_{C1}\sim {U}_{C4}$ 分别为电容 ${C}_{1}\sim {C}_{4}$ 两端的电压; ${I}_{{C1}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)} \sim {I}_{{C4}\left(\mathrm{{ON}}\right)}$ 分别为流经电容 ${C}_{1}\sim {C}_{4}$ 的电流; ${I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 为输出电流; ${I}_{L2}$${I}_{L3}$ 分别为电感 ${L}_{2}$${L}_{3}$ 的平均电流。
工作模态 $2\left\lbrack {{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{2}}\right\rbrack$ 。如 图 4(b)所示, ${\mathrm{V}}_{1}$${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$ 关断, ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{1}$ 承受反向偏置电压关断, ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{2}\sim {\mathrm{{VD}}}_{5}$ 导通。 ${L}_{1}$ 通过 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{2}$${C}_{1}$ 进行充电, ${L}_{2}$ 通过 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{3}$${C}_{2}$ 进行充电,电源 ${U}_{\text{in }}$${L}_{1}\sim {L}_{3}$ 通过 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{5}$ 一起对负载 $R$ 和电容 ${C}_{4}$ 进行供电,因此 ${L}_{1}\sim {L}_{3}$ 的电流线性下降。 在该模态中, 电感两端电压、电容电流关系分别如下:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{U}_{{L1}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)} ={U}_{\mathrm{{in}}}- {U}_{C1}\\{U}_{{L2}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)} ={U}_{C1}- {U}_{C2}\\{U}_{{L3}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)} ={U}_{C3}- {U}_{\mathrm{o}}\\{U}_{C3}= {U}_{C3}\end{array}\right.$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{I}_{{C1}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)} ={I}_{L1}- {I}_{L2}\\{I}_{{C2}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)} +{I}_{{C3}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)} ={I}_{L2}- {I}_{L3}\\{I}_{{C4}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)} ={I}_{L3}- {I}_{0}\end{array}\right.$
式中: ${U}_{{L1}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)} \sim {U}_{{L3}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)}$ 分别为电感 ${L}_{1}\sim {L}_{3}$ 两端的电压; ${I}_{{C1}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)} \sim {I}_{{C4}\left(\mathrm{{OFF}}\right)}$ 分别为流经电容 ${C}_{1}\sim {C}_{4}$ 的电流。
由式(1)和式(3)以及电感的伏秒平衡特性计算可得:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{U}_{C1}= \frac{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}{1 + D}{U}_{0}\\{U}_{C2}= {U}_{C3}= \frac{1 - D}{1 + D}{U}_{0}\end{array}\right.$
假设在 CCM 下, 所提变换器的电压增益用 $M$ 表示,再联立式 (5) 可得:
$ M ={U}_{\mathrm{o}}/{U}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= \left({1 + D}\right)/{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{3}$
由式(2)和式(4)以及电容的安秒平衡特性计算可得电感的平均电流为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{I}_{L1}= \frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{3}}{I}_{0}\\{I}_{L2}= \frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}{I}_{0}\\{I}_{L3}= \frac{1}{1 - D}{I}_{0}\end{array}\right.$
在式(7)的基础上结合变换器的工作模态分析, 可得开关器件的电压和电流应力, 如 表 1 所示。
根据电感和电容的纹波公式 [ 3 ] ,可以分别计算出在 CCM 下该变换器电感和电容的最小值。
$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{L}_{1}\geq \frac{D{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{6}R}{{2f}{\left( 1 + D\right)}^{2}}\\{L}_{2}\geq \frac{D{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{4}R}{{2f}{\left( 1 + D\right)}^{2}},\\{L}_{3}\geq \frac{D{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{4}R}{{2f}{\left( 1 + D\right)}^{2}},\end{array}\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}_{1}\geq \frac{{U}_{0}D\left({1 + D}\right)}{{Rf}{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}\Delta {U}_{C1}}\\{C}_{2}\geq \frac{{U}_{0}D}{{Rf}{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}\Delta {U}_{C2}}\\{C}_{3}\geq \frac{{U}_{0}D}{{Rf}\left({1 - D}\right)}\Delta {U}_{C3}\end{array}\right.}\right.$
在考虑电感寄生电阻的情况下, 进一步分析所提出的升压变换器。假设电感 ${L}_{1}\sim {L}_{3}$ 的寄生电阻 ${r}_{L1}= {r}_{L2}= {r}_{L3}= {r}_{L}$ ,结合式 (1) 和式 (3) 以及变换器的工作模态分析, 可以得到考虑电感寄生电阻的电压增益为
$ M =\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 + D\right)}^{3}+ \frac{{r}_{L}}{R}\times \left\lbrack {\frac{{\left( 1 + D\right)}^{2}}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{3}}+ \frac{2 + 2{D}^{2}}{1 - D}}\right\rbrack }$
电感寄生电阻对电压增益的影响如 图 5 所示。由 图 5 可以看出,在同一占空比下,随着 ${r}_{L}/R$ 的增大, 电压增益逐渐变小。因此在变换器选型设计中,尽量选择寄生电阻小的电感,可以减少器件寄生参数对电压增益的影响。
将电压增益和器件数目作为比较参数, 所提出变换器与其他变换器的比较结果如 表 2 所示, 同时 图 6 给出了不同变换器的增益曲线。从 图 6 中可以很直观地看出, 所提变换器能实现更高的电压增益。所提变换器与文献[ 9 ]中的变换器所使用的器件总数相等, 变换器所需器件的总成本近似,因此在拓扑结构选择过程中,所提变换器具有更好的升压性能、更高的性价比。同时所提变换器可以利用较小的占空比获得同等的输出电压, 避免了使用极限占空比的情况, 并且开关管驱动信号同步, 无须考虑死区时间等问题, 简化了控制电路的设计, 降低了设计成本, 体现出了所提变换器的优越性。
本文所提变换器也可以进行结构扩展以获得更高的输出电压,其 $n$ 阶扩展结构如 图 7 所示。
结构扩展后, 在 CCM 下该变换器的工作模式与单阶时类似,分析可以得到 $n$ 阶时理想电压增益,如式 (10) 所示。
$ M =\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{n + 2}}\left({n = 1,2,3\cdots }\right)$
实际电路中寄生参数会对电压增益造成影响,为了便于分析,仅考虑电感寄生电阻 ${r}_{L}/R =$ 0.000 6 的情况。变换器阶数增加的同时器件数量也相应地增加, 从 图 8 中可以看出: 电压增益最大值呈现递减的趋势; 阶数的增加有利于减小导通的占空比和损耗。因此要根据工程实际情况设计所需变换器阶数。
在 Matlab 仿真软件中, 搭建了拓扑结构的仿真模型, 如 图 2 所示。为了更接近变换器的实际运行状态,设开关管的导通内阻为 ${0.008\Omega }$ ,二极管正向导通压降为 ${0.7}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,导通内阻为 ${0.01\Omega }$ 。所提变换器的仿真参数如 表 3 所示。
图 9(a)中给出了该变换器仿真驱动信号波形,在 $D ={0.4}$ 的情况下,输出电压平均值约为 90 ${\mathrm{V}}_{\circ }$ 因为电路仿真实际参数的影响,使得输出电压平均值略低于理论值(97V)。 图 9(b)中给出了开关管 ${\mathrm{V}}_{1}$${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$ 的电压波形, ${\mathrm{V}}_{1}$${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$ 同时关断时, 其承受的电压应力分别为 ${38}\mathrm{\;V},{90}\mathrm{\;V}$ 。由 图9 $\left(\mathrm{c}\right)$ 和(d)可以看出,二极管 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{1}$ 导通时,二极管 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{2}\sim$ ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{5}$ 关断,其承受的电压应力分别为15,23,38, ${38},{128}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,验证了 表 1 中电压应力公式的正确性。 图9 $\left(\mathrm{e}\right)$ 中给出了电感 ${L}_{1}\sim {L}_{3}$ 的电流波形,电感的充放电过程也与理论分析相符。
为了进一步验证所提变换器理论分析的正确性和可行性, 本文搭建了一台实验样机, 如 图 10 所示。实验样机参数与仿真数值一致,开关管 ${\mathrm{V}}_{1}$${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$ 的型号为 $\mathrm{{IRFP}}{4668}$ ,二极管 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{{VD}}}_{5}$ 的型号为 MBR60200PT。
图 11 为样机测试的实验波形。由 图 11(a)可以看出,当输入电压为 ${15}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,占空比为 0.4 时,所提变换器的输出电压约为 ${90}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,略低于理论值 97 V,因为实际电路的寄生参数会影响电压增益。图 ${11}\left(\mathrm{\;b}\right)$ 中给出了开关管 ${\mathrm{V}}_{1}$${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$ 的电压波形,其承受的电压应力分别为 ${38}\mathrm{\;V},{90}\mathrm{\;V}$ 。由图 ${11}\left(\mathrm{c}\right)\sim \left(\mathrm{e}\right)$ 可以看出,二极管 ${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{{VD}}}_{5}$ 关断时所承受的电压应力分别为 ${15},{23},{38},{38},{128}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,开关器件的电压应力大小与理论值基本保持一致。 图 11(a)~(c)中给出了电感 ${L}_{1}\sim {L}_{3}$ 的电流波形,电感的充放电过程也与理论分析相符。电容 ${C}_{1}\sim {C}_{3}$ 的电压波形如 图 11(d),(e)所示, 其稳态电压值分别约为 ${23},{38},{38}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,与式 (5) 的计算结果一致,进一步说明了上述模态分析的正确性。
本文提出了一种输入输出共地、适用于可再生能源的高增益升压变换器,分析了在 CCM 下该变换器的工作模态, 推导出了该变换器的电压增益以及器件应力计算式, 分析了器件寄生参数对电压增益的影响, 为电路器件选型提供了参考依据。给出了电路结构扩展至 $n$ 阶的电压增益,从理论上说明该变换器具备实现高升压比的能力。最后搭建了仿真模型和实验样机, 验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性。所提出的变换器具有很强的扩展能力, 通过扩展结构能够满足各种场合的升压变换需求。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(119075023)
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2024年第42卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2022-08-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-25
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国家自然科学基金项目(119075023)
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    1 安徽工业大学 电气与信息工程学院 马鞍山 243032

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马小三(1980-),男,博士,教授,主要从事开关电源与量子信息方面的研究。E-mail: 。
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