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A transfer learningbased early fault warning method for offshore wind turbine bearings is established to address the problems of varying operating conditions of offshore wind turbines and many false alarms for early fault warning of turbine bearings. The method uses the shorttime Fourier transform to extract the timefrequency domain features of the vibration signals, which are normalised to form pre processed samples. The objective function of the convolutional autoencoder is supplemented with a support vector data description regular term and a maximum mean discrepancy regular term to constrain the feature distribution while obtaining the common features center of the bearings in normal state under different operating conditions. The Euclidean distance between the online sample features and the common feature center is calculated to construct bearing health indicator sequence, and the ADF(Augmented DickeyFuller)test is introduced to perform stationarity analysis and capture the sequence mutation points, which finally realize the early fault warning of bearings in offshore wind turbines. The validation on the XJTUSY bearing dataset showed that the proposed method has fewer false alarms, high accuracy and better detection stability.
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针对海上风电机组工况不一、机组轴承早期故障预警误报警多的问题,文章建立了一种基于迁移学习的海上风电机组轴承早期故障预警方法。首先,采用短时傅立叶变换提取振动信号时频域特征,归一化后形成预处理样本;然后,在卷积自编码器的目标函数中添加支持向量数据描述正则项和最大均值差异正则项,约束特征分布的同时获得轴承在不同工况正常状态的公共特征中心;最后,计算在线样本特征与公共特征中心的欧氏距离,构建轴承健康指标序列,引入增广迪基富勒检验(ADF)方法作平稳性分析,捕捉序列突变点,最终实现对海上风电机组轴承早期故障预警。在 XJTUSY 轴承数据集上的验证表明,所提方法误报警少、准确度高,具有更好的检测稳定性。
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1 South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154429204100797197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, companyId=1154429204084019979, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 华南理工大学 广东 广州 510000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154429207242330950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Time series of bearing health indicators, figureFileSmall=J5APiWLPbew+bZyr0naq+w==, figureFileBig=7uUEgRrf9GNKa0MImOGxMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429207288468296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=
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Health indicators for the life cycle of test bearings, figureFileSmall=wNvkY+6lNsOukTkvhPN8RQ==, figureFileBig=ocuXKatnipIdz4/NTfksgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429207393325900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
轴承的全寿命周期健康指标, figureFileSmall=wNvkY+6lNsOukTkvhPN8RQ==, figureFileBig=ocuXKatnipIdz4/NTfksgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429207452046158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Bearing 1_1 full life cycle vibration signal and envelope spectrum at the moment of increasing amplitude, figureFileSmall=XmY3JwmkFbqeiuQEG+6htQ==, figureFileBig=tT6K6s+Rn/sks0OI3BxEaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429207498183504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
轴承 1_1 全寿命周期振动信号及幅值增大时刻的包络谱, figureFileSmall=XmY3JwmkFbqeiuQEG+6htQ==, figureFileBig=tT6K6s+Rn/sks0OI3BxEaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429207586263889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Bearing 2_2 full life cycle vibration signal and envelope spectrum at the moment of increasing amplitude, figureFileSmall=0a6dRDCoXjS+u5zcxVXHDQ==, figureFileBig=UC68oOEF4o6RDu6E+5BS+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429207644984146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
轴承 2_2 全寿命周期振动信号及幅值增大时刻的包络谱, figureFileSmall=0a6dRDCoXjS+u5zcxVXHDQ==, figureFileBig=UC68oOEF4o6RDu6E+5BS+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429207691121491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Test results for three methods, figureFileSmall=VQ9Q7l7lLqZIHD5V7veiIQ==, figureFileBig=ElN61vhow1sAE70hyIGaZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429207745647444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
3 种方法的检测结果, figureFileSmall=VQ9Q7l7lLqZIHD5V7veiIQ==, figureFileBig=ElN61vhow1sAE70hyIGaZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429207833727829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Network parameters of convolutional autoencoder, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 网络层名 | 层参数 |
| L1 | Conv2d $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 8}\right)$ |
| L2 | Maxpool $\left( {2 \times 2}\right)$ |
| L3 | Conv2d $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 4}\right)$ |
| L4 | Maxpool $\left( {2 \times 2}\right)$ |
| L5 | Dense(32) |
| L6 | Upsampling(2×2) |
| L7 | Conv2dTranspose $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 4}\right)$ |
| L8 | Upsampling(2x2) |
| L9 | Conv2dTranspose $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 8}\right)$ |
| L10 | Upsampling(2×2) |
| L11 | Conv2dTranspose $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 1}\right)$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429207909225302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
卷积自编码器网络参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 网络层名 | 层参数 |
| L1 | Conv2d $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 8}\right)$ |
| L2 | Maxpool $\left( {2 \times 2}\right)$ |
| L3 | Conv2d $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 4}\right)$ |
| L4 | Maxpool $\left( {2 \times 2}\right)$ |
| L5 | Dense(32) |
| L6 | Upsampling(2×2) |
| L7 | Conv2dTranspose $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 4}\right)$ |
| L8 | Upsampling(2x2) |
| L9 | Conv2dTranspose $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 8}\right)$ |
| L10 | Upsampling(2×2) |
| L11 | Conv2dTranspose $\left( {5 \times 5 \times 1}\right)$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429207976334167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Test results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型/ 周期 | 迁移学习 CAE+SVDD+ MMD | 参照实验 1 CAE+SVDD | 参照实验 2 CAE+SVDD | 参照实验 3 CAE+SVDD+ MMD |
| TN | TP | TN | TP | TN | TP | TN | TP |
| 20 | 8 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 4 | 50 |
| 40 | 9 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 |
| 60 | 16 | 50 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 1 | 50 |
| 80 | 25 | 50 | 4 | 50 | 5 | 50 | 8 | 50 |
| 100 | 36 | 50 | 7 | 50 | 9 | 50 | 18 | 50 |
| 120 | 42 | 49 | 10 | 50 | 14 | 50 | 28 | 50 |
| 140 | 42 | 49 | 19 | 50 | 24 | 50 | 36 | 50 |
| 160 | 45 | 49 | 25 | 50 | 31 | 50 | 42 | 50 |
| 180 | 48 | 49 | 30 | 50 | 38 | 50 | 44 | 50 |
| 200 | 48 | 49 | 36 | 50 | 45 | 50 | 45 | 50 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429208097968984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
实验结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型/ 周期 | 迁移学习 CAE+SVDD+ MMD | 参照实验 1 CAE+SVDD | 参照实验 2 CAE+SVDD | 参照实验 3 CAE+SVDD+ MMD |
| TN | TP | TN | TP | TN | TP | TN | TP |
| 20 | 8 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 4 | 50 |
| 40 | 9 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 |
| 60 | 16 | 50 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 1 | 50 |
| 80 | 25 | 50 | 4 | 50 | 5 | 50 | 8 | 50 |
| 100 | 36 | 50 | 7 | 50 | 9 | 50 | 18 | 50 |
| 120 | 42 | 49 | 10 | 50 | 14 | 50 | 28 | 50 |
| 140 | 42 | 49 | 19 | 50 | 24 | 50 | 36 | 50 |
| 160 | 45 | 49 | 25 | 50 | 31 | 50 | 42 | 50 |
| 180 | 48 | 49 | 30 | 50 | 38 | 50 | 44 | 50 |
| 200 | 48 | 49 | 36 | 50 | 45 | 50 | 45 | 50 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429208156689241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Quantity of false alarms for different methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 检测方法 | 轴承 1_1 | 轴承 2_1 |
| 本文方法 | 0 | 0 |
| 方法一 | 103 | 373 |
| 孤立森林 | 121 | 96 |
| 一类支持向量机 | 67 | 170 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429208227992410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429173130056194, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
不同方法的误报警数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 检测方法 | 轴承 1_1 | 轴承 2_1 |
| 本文方法 | 0 | 0 |
| 方法一 | 103 | 373 |
| 孤立森林 | 121 | 96 |
| 一类支持向量机 | 67 | 170 |
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