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In order to maximize the solar radiation yield, it's imperative to optimize the inclination angle of the solar collector. To this end, a calculation model for solar radiation on inclined surfaces was established, and the computation processes for direct and scattered radiation were separately streamlined. MATLAB was utilized to analyze and perfect the elevation angle of the collector, which led to the determination of monthly and annual optimum inclination angles. The research disclosed that the ideal annual inclination angle in Tianjin is 36.3° , marginally inferior to the local latitude. The monthly tilt angle should vary between 10~64°, with lower degrees in summer and higher in winter. Placing the collector horizontally enhances annual solar radiation by 12.4% and 17.3% at the optimal yearly and monthly inclination angles, correspondingly. Adjusting the optimum tilt angle by 5.0% is feasible when compared with using the local latitude as the tilt angle. Taking Guangzhou, Lhasa, Jinan and Changchun as examples, the annual and monthly optimum tilt angles of these regions are calculated.The comparative analysis of various cities revealed that for regions with high direct radiation proportion, refining the optimal angle on a monthly basis leads to higher energy gains.
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为了使太阳能集热器获得更多的太阳辐射量,须对集热器倾角进行优化。文章在建立倾斜面太阳辐射计算模型的基础上,分别优化直接辐射、散射辐射的计算过程。以太阳能集热器运行期间倾斜面接收最大辐射量为求解目标,借助MATLAB 对集热器倾角进行优化分析,得到月度最佳倾角和年度最佳倾角。其中天津地区的太阳能集热器年度最佳倾角为36.3°,比当地纬度略小;月度最佳倾角为10~64°,表现为夏季小冬季大的特点。相较于水平放置,在年度最佳倾角和月度最佳倾角下,太阳能集热器接收的年太阳辐射量可分别增加12.4%,17.3%;相较当地纬度作为倾角时,以月度最佳倾角值逐月调整接收的太阳辐射量可增加 5.0%。分别以广州、拉萨、济南和长春为例,计算得到上述地区的年、月最佳倾角。对不同地区进行对比分析发现,直接辐射占比较高的地区逐月改变最佳倾角可获得更高的能量增益。
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王恩宇(1970-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事可再生能源建筑利用技术、清洁燃烧技术方面的研究。E-mail: wey@hebut.edu.cn。
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王恩宇(1970-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事可再生能源建筑利用技术、清洁燃烧技术方面的研究。E-mail: wey@hebut.edu.cn。
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31(3): 313-317., articleTitle=Statistical comparison of models for estimating solar radiation on inclined surfaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154429223574954387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Muneer T, Kambezidis H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Muneer T,
Kambezidis H. Solar Radiation and Daylight Models for the Energy Efficient Design of Buildings[M]. London: Architectural Press,
1997., articleTitle=Solar Radiation and Daylight Models for the Energy Efficient Design of Buildings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154429223650451863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1963, volume=7, issue=2, pageStart=53, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Liu BY H, Jordan R C, journalName=Solar Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Liu BY H,
Jordan R C. The long-term average performance of flat-plate solar-energy collectors[J].
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7(2): 53-74., articleTitle=The long-term average performance of flat-plate solar-energy collectors, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154429222425715055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, awardId=17YFCZZC00560, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市重点研发计划项目(17YFCZZC00560), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154429222492823921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, awardId=18YFCZZC00080, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市重点研发计划项目(18YFCZZC00080), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154429222568321395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, awardId=202301005Z, language=CN, fundingSource=沧州市重大科技专项(202301005Z), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154429217635819738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154429217644208347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, companyId=1154429217635819738, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154429217652596956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, companyId=1154429217635819738, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 河北工业大学 能源与环境工程学院 天津 300401)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154429220961902920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Monthly horizontal solar radiation data, figureFileSmall=/jXos5ArXaCGU4mN0JaViw==, figureFileBig=DZKUJA7q8TceCLR/OjCinw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221016428874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=
各月水平面太阳辐射数据, figureFileSmall=/jXos5ArXaCGU4mN0JaViw==, figureFileBig=DZKUJA7q8TceCLR/OjCinw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221075149132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Schematic diagram of the solar radiation model angles, figureFileSmall=e7uNNjHr/hWYmCD3Mru9nQ==, figureFileBig=BT/4z41IiLBmW/fG6zan1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221146452302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
太阳辐射模型各角度示意图, figureFileSmall=e7uNNjHr/hWYmCD3Mru9nQ==, figureFileBig=BT/4z41IiLBmW/fG6zan1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221209366864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Simulation flow chart, figureFileSmall=ePd9zRrewGixqszlWOiIxA==, figureFileBig=o6hIjAsdlvQQ7lzNa4itGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221276475730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
仿真流程图, figureFileSmall=ePd9zRrewGixqszlWOiIxA==, figureFileBig=o6hIjAsdlvQQ7lzNa4itGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221339390292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Comparison of calculated and measured daily radiation, figureFileSmall=oGqNf17bloEi4jdxs3XzKA==, figureFileBig=gPa/3oEbfzgH82lmAb9ntg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221398110550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
计算值与实测值日辐射量对比, figureFileSmall=oGqNf17bloEi4jdxs3XzKA==, figureFileBig=gPa/3oEbfzgH82lmAb9ntg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221456830808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Variation of the average daily radiation on the inclined plane with the tilt angle, figureFileSmall=kTzBxlQpPUXMa+7sITVO3Q==, figureFileBig=SqMuj50lw4LZU9GcGn8eYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221507162457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
倾斜面上日辐射量随倾角的变化关系, figureFileSmall=kTzBxlQpPUXMa+7sITVO3Q==, figureFileBig=SqMuj50lw4LZU9GcGn8eYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221565882714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
The annual cumulative radiation amount of the inclined plane varies with the tilt angle, figureFileSmall=UE0QcM7BPak1crpqXOsk7A==, figureFileBig=NzMVTCZzrQejXSWXeMee3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221624602971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=
倾斜面全年累计辐射量随倾角的变化关系, figureFileSmall=UE0QcM7BPak1crpqXOsk7A==, figureFileBig=NzMVTCZzrQejXSWXeMee3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221691711836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Variation of monthly cumulative solar radiation on the inclined surface of collector with each month, figureFileSmall=Dg1ZafAdtN3p0E25LTq6Lg==, figureFileBig=IfTmAtAnIzRHhy7radkH2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221771403613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=
集热器倾斜面月累计太阳辐射量随月份的变化关系, figureFileSmall=Dg1ZafAdtN3p0E25LTq6Lg==, figureFileBig=IfTmAtAnIzRHhy7radkH2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429221830123870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Scattering radiation coupling calculation model, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 大气透明系数及天气工况 | 适用散射模型 |
| $0 < {K}_{\mathrm{t}} \leq {0.2}$ (阴天) | Karonakis 模型 [ 13 ] |
| ${0.2} < {K}_{\mathrm{t}} \leq {0.5}$ (多云) | Perez 模型 [ 1 ] |
| ${0.5} < {K}_{\mathrm{t}} \leq {0.7}$ (少云) | Ma-lqbal 模型 [ 14 ] |
| ${0.7} < {K}_{\mathrm{t}} < {1.0}$ (晴天) | Muneer 模型 [ 15 ] |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429221888844127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
散射辐射耦合计算模型, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 大气透明系数及天气工况 | 适用散射模型 |
| $0 < {K}_{\mathrm{t}} \leq {0.2}$ (阴天) | Karonakis 模型 [ 13 ] |
| ${0.2} < {K}_{\mathrm{t}} \leq {0.5}$ (多云) | Perez 模型 [ 1 ] |
| ${0.5} < {K}_{\mathrm{t}} \leq {0.7}$ (少云) | Ma-lqbal 模型 [ 14 ] |
| ${0.7} < {K}_{\mathrm{t}} < {1.0}$ (晴天) | Muneer 模型 [ 15 ] |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429221955952993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Recommended value of the optimum tilt angle of the inclined plane for each month, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 月份 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 角度/(°) | 60 | 54 | 40 | 26 | 16 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 32 | 48 | 60 | 64 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429222023061859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
各月倾斜面最佳倾角推荐值, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 月份 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 角度/(°) | 60 | 54 | 40 | 26 | 16 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 32 | 48 | 60 | 64 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429222081782117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Recommended value of the optimum tilt angle for, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| eachmonthdifferentregions | (°) |
| 月份 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 广州 | 36 | 36 | 20 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 28 | 38 | 46 |
| 拉萨 | 58 | 46 | 30 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 26 | 44 | 58 | 62 |
| 济南 | 60 | 56 | 36 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 28 | 52 | 60 | 68 |
| 长春 | 70 | 64 | 46 | 20 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 42 | 56 | 70 | 74 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429222148890983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
不同地区各月倾斜面最佳倾角推荐值, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| eachmonthdifferentregions | (°) |
| 月份 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 广州 | 36 | 36 | 20 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 28 | 38 | 46 |
| 拉萨 | 58 | 46 | 30 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 26 | 44 | 58 | 62 |
| 济南 | 60 | 56 | 36 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 28 | 52 | 60 | 68 |
| 长春 | 70 | 64 | 46 | 20 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 42 | 56 | 70 | 74 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429222207611241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Monthly radiation at different tilt angles in different regions $\mathrm{{MJ}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 倾角 | 1 月 | 2 月 | 3 月 | 4 月 | 5 月 | 6 月 | 7 月 | 8 月 | 9 月 | 10 月 | 11 月 | 12 月 | 全年 |
| 广州 | I | 280.8 | 237.6 | 255.6 | 288.0 | 378.0 | 374.4 | 460.8 | 432.0 | 414.0 | 421.2 | 345.6 | 313.2 | 4 197.6 |
| II | 324.0 | 259.2 | 262.8 | 280.8 | 352.8 | 342.0 | 424.8 | 414.0 | 421.2 | 460.8 | 414.0 | 374.4 | 4 330.8 |
| III | 316.8 | 255.6 | 262.8 | 284.4 | 363.6 | 352.8 | 439.2 | 424.8 | 424.8 | 457.2 | 399.6 | 360.0 | 4 345.2 |
| IV | 334.8 | 259.2 | 262.8 | 288.0 | 378.0 | 374.4 | 460.8 | 432.0 | 424.8 | 460.8 | 428.4 | 388.8 | 4 492.8 |
| 拉萨 | I | 464.4 | 464.4 | 579.6 | 597.6 | 716.4 | 705.6 | 694.8 | 612.0 | 583.2 | 518.4 | 468.0 | 464.4 | 6 872.4 |
| II | 676.8 | 601.2 | 662.4 | 615.6 | 669.6 | 630.0 | 637.2 | 597.6 | 622.8 | 630.0 | 658.8 | 709.2 | 7 711.2 |
| III | 694.8 | 608.4 | 662.4 | 612.0 | 658.8 | 615.6 | 622.8 | 590.4 | 619.2 | 637.2 | 673.2 | 727.2 | 7 722.0 |
| IV | 759.2 | 630.0 | 662.4 | 619.2 | 716.4 | 705.6 | 694.8 | 619.2 | 622.8 | 644.4 | 727.2 | 820.8 | 8 222.4 |
| 济南 | I | 234.0 | 288.0 | 406.8 | 514.8 | 594.0 | 572.4 | 514.8 | 478.8 | 439.2 | 345.6 | 237.6 | 201.6 | 4 824.0 |
| II | 352.8 | 378.0 | 468.0 | 532.8 | 558.0 | 511.2 | 468.0 | 471.6 | 482.4 | 424.8 | 338.4 | 298.8 | 5 284.8 |
| III | 338.4 | 370.8 | 468.0 | 543.6 | 576.0 | 532.8 | 486.0 | 482.4 | 486.0 | 417.6 | 327.6 | 284.4 | 5 313.6 |
| IV | 370.8 | 385.2 | 468.0 | 547.2 | 601.2 | 572.4 | 514.8 | 493.2 | 486.0 | 424.8 | 349.2 | 313.2 | 5 526.0 |
| 长春 | I | 230.4 | 309.6 | 457.2 | 536.4 | 619.2 | 630.0 | 558.0 | 522.0 | 453.6 | 331.2 | 223.2 | 183.6 | 5050.8 |
| II | 468.0 | 525.6 | 612.0 | 597.6 | 612.0 | 590.4 | 529.2 | 536.4 | 540.0 | 478.8 | 392.4 | 356.4 | 6 238.8 |
| III | 493.2 | 543.6 | 619.2 | 590.4 | 594.0 | 568.8 | 511.2 | 525.6 | 540.0 | 489.6 | 406.8 | 378.0 | 6 260.4 |
| IV | 550.8 | 576.0 | 622.8 | 601.2 | 637.2 | 637.2 | 565.2 | 550.8 | 540.0 | 496.8 | 439.2 | 414.0 | 6 631.2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154429222274720107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429171880157949, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=
各地区不同倾角下各月辐射量, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 倾角 | 1 月 | 2 月 | 3 月 | 4 月 | 5 月 | 6 月 | 7 月 | 8 月 | 9 月 | 10 月 | 11 月 | 12 月 | 全年 |
| 广州 | I | 280.8 | 237.6 | 255.6 | 288.0 | 378.0 | 374.4 | 460.8 | 432.0 | 414.0 | 421.2 | 345.6 | 313.2 | 4 197.6 |
| II | 324.0 | 259.2 | 262.8 | 280.8 | 352.8 | 342.0 | 424.8 | 414.0 | 421.2 | 460.8 | 414.0 | 374.4 | 4 330.8 |
| III | 316.8 | 255.6 | 262.8 | 284.4 | 363.6 | 352.8 | 439.2 | 424.8 | 424.8 | 457.2 | 399.6 | 360.0 | 4 345.2 |
| IV | 334.8 | 259.2 | 262.8 | 288.0 | 378.0 | 374.4 | 460.8 | 432.0 | 424.8 | 460.8 | 428.4 | 388.8 | 4 492.8 |
| 拉萨 | I | 464.4 | 464.4 | 579.6 | 597.6 | 716.4 | 705.6 | 694.8 | 612.0 | 583.2 | 518.4 | 468.0 | 464.4 | 6 872.4 |
| II | 676.8 | 601.2 | 662.4 | 615.6 | 669.6 | 630.0 | 637.2 | 597.6 | 622.8 | 630.0 | 658.8 | 709.2 | 7 711.2 |
| III | 694.8 | 608.4 | 662.4 | 612.0 | 658.8 | 615.6 | 622.8 | 590.4 | 619.2 | 637.2 | 673.2 | 727.2 | 7 722.0 |
| IV | 759.2 | 630.0 | 662.4 | 619.2 | 716.4 | 705.6 | 694.8 | 619.2 | 622.8 | 644.4 | 727.2 | 820.8 | 8 222.4 |
| 济南 | I | 234.0 | 288.0 | 406.8 | 514.8 | 594.0 | 572.4 | 514.8 | 478.8 | 439.2 | 345.6 | 237.6 | 201.6 | 4 824.0 |
| II | 352.8 | 378.0 | 468.0 | 532.8 | 558.0 | 511.2 | 468.0 | 471.6 | 482.4 | 424.8 | 338.4 | 298.8 | 5 284.8 |
| III | 338.4 | 370.8 | 468.0 | 543.6 | 576.0 | 532.8 | 486.0 | 482.4 | 486.0 | 417.6 | 327.6 | 284.4 | 5 313.6 |
| IV | 370.8 | 385.2 | 468.0 | 547.2 | 601.2 | 572.4 | 514.8 | 493.2 | 486.0 | 424.8 | 349.2 | 313.2 | 5 526.0 |
| 长春 | I | 230.4 | 309.6 | 457.2 | 536.4 | 619.2 | 630.0 | 558.0 | 522.0 | 453.6 | 331.2 | 223.2 | 183.6 | 5050.8 |
| II | 468.0 | 525.6 | 612.0 | 597.6 | 612.0 | 590.4 | 529.2 | 536.4 | 540.0 | 478.8 | 392.4 | 356.4 | 6 238.8 |
| III | 493.2 | 543.6 | 619.2 | 590.4 | 594.0 | 568.8 | 511.2 | 525.6 | 540.0 | 489.6 | 406.8 | 378.0 | 6 260.4 |
| IV | 550.8 | 576.0 | 622.8 | 601.2 | 637.2 | 637.2 | 565.2 | 550.8 | 540.0 | 496.8 | 439.2 | 414.0 | 6 631.2 |
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