Article(id=1154429166406591132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429165668393604, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1685203200000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753166961527, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1721404800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753166961527, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753166961527, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753166961527, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154429165668393604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='7', pageStart='853', pageEnd='994', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753166961351, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694581412, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642164642796057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429165668393604, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642164646990362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429165668393604, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=908, endPage=914, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154429166989599407, articleId=1154429166406591132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Dynamics of the model turbine with driven motion at different yaw angle operating condition, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, in order to study the dynamics of the model turbine with driven motion at different yaw angle operating condition, a wind turbine model based on elasticity is established. Under the condition of turbulent flow, the driven motion state of the model wind turbine is realized with irregular rotation, and the wake distribution characteristics and energy characteristics of the wind turbine are studied. The results show that when the yaw angle is 0°, the wake of the driven wind turbine is obviously smaller than that of the fixed wind turbine, and the turbulent kinetic energy is greater than that of the fixed wind turbine because of the multifreedom rotational motion of the driven wind turbine. With the increase of yaw Angle, the distribution of wake and turbulent kinetic energy of wind turbine appears radial deviation, and the deviation direction is opposite to the direction of yaw Angle rotation, and the wake and turbulent kinetic energy decreases with the increase of yaw Angle. With the increase of yaw Angle, the average output power of forced and fixed wind turbines decreases, and the average output power of forced wind turbines is smaller than that of fixed wind turbines.

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针对不同偏航工况下受迫运动风力机的动力学特性,文章建立了弹性基础的风力机模型。在湍流来流的条件下,实现模型风力机无规律、多自由度旋转的受迫运动状态,研究风力机的尾流场分布特性及能量特性。结果表明:在偏航角为0°时,由于受迫运动风力机存在多自由度旋转运动,受迫运动风力机的尾流明显小于固定式风力机,而湍流动能大于固定式风力机尾流中的湍流动能;随着偏航角的增大,风力机的尾流和湍流动能分布均出现径向偏移现象,偏移方向与偏航角旋转方向相反,且尾流和湍流动能均随着偏航角的增大而减小;随着偏航角的增大,受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的平均输出功率均减小,受迫运动风力机的平均输出功率均小于固定式风力机的平均输出功率。

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张步恩(1991-),男,博士,工程师,主要从事可再生能源发电技术工作。E-mail:

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张步恩(1991-),男,博士,工程师,主要从事可再生能源发电技术工作。E-mail:

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张步恩(1991-),男,博士,工程师,主要从事可再生能源发电技术工作。E-mail:

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language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Related articles, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关文献 风电机组类型 横摇幅度/(°) 横摇频率/Hz
文献[ 13 ] DTU 10 MW 3,5 0.11
文献[ 14 ] NERL 5 MW 0.85 0.1
文献[ 15 ] NERL 5 MW 1,3 0.65,2.1
文献[ 16 ] NERL 5 MW $1 \sim 4$ 0.03~0.2
文献[ 17 ] NERL 5 MW 1,4 0.1
文献[ 18 ] NERL 5 MW 3 0.083
), ArticleFig(id=1154429230088708623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429166406591132, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=相关文献简介, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关文献 风电机组类型 横摇幅度/(°) 横摇频率/Hz
文献[ 13 ] DTU 10 MW 3,5 0.11
文献[ 14 ] NERL 5 MW 0.85 0.1
文献[ 15 ] NERL 5 MW 1,3 0.65,2.1
文献[ 16 ] NERL 5 MW $1 \sim 4$ 0.03~0.2
文献[ 17 ] NERL 5 MW 1,4 0.1
文献[ 18 ] NERL 5 MW 3 0.083
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不同偏航工况下受迫运动风力机动力学特性
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张步恩 1 , 杨磊 2 , 余烈 3, 4 , 赵振宙 5 , 刘惠文 5
可再生能源 | 2024,42(7): 908-914
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(7): 908-914
不同偏航工况下受迫运动风力机动力学特性
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张步恩1 , 杨磊2, 余烈3, 4, 赵振宙5, 刘惠文5
作者信息
  • 1 水电水利规划设计总院 北京 100120
  • 2 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 湖南 长沙 410014
  • 3 广东工业大学 广东 广州 510006
  • 4 可再生能源发电工程质量监督站 北京 100120
  • 5 河海大学 江苏 南京 211100
  • 张步恩(1991-),男,博士,工程师,主要从事可再生能源发电技术工作。E-mail:

Dynamics of the model turbine with driven motion at different yaw angle operating condition
Buen Zhang1 , Lei Yang2, Lie Yu3, 4, Zhenzhou Zhao5, Huiwen Liu5
Affiliations
  • 1 China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute Beijing 100120 China
  • 2 Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited Changsha 410014 China
  • 3 Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
  • 4 Renewable Energy Power Generation Project Quality Supervision Center Beijing 100120 China
  • 5 Hohai University Nanjing 211100 China
出版时间: 2024-07-20
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针对不同偏航工况下受迫运动风力机的动力学特性,文章建立了弹性基础的风力机模型。在湍流来流的条件下,实现模型风力机无规律、多自由度旋转的受迫运动状态,研究风力机的尾流场分布特性及能量特性。结果表明:在偏航角为0°时,由于受迫运动风力机存在多自由度旋转运动,受迫运动风力机的尾流明显小于固定式风力机,而湍流动能大于固定式风力机尾流中的湍流动能;随着偏航角的增大,风力机的尾流和湍流动能分布均出现径向偏移现象,偏移方向与偏航角旋转方向相反,且尾流和湍流动能均随着偏航角的增大而减小;随着偏航角的增大,受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的平均输出功率均减小,受迫运动风力机的平均输出功率均小于固定式风力机的平均输出功率。

风力机  /  动力学特性  /  偏航  /  尾流场特性  /  功率

In this paper, in order to study the dynamics of the model turbine with driven motion at different yaw angle operating condition, a wind turbine model based on elasticity is established. Under the condition of turbulent flow, the driven motion state of the model wind turbine is realized with irregular rotation, and the wake distribution characteristics and energy characteristics of the wind turbine are studied. The results show that when the yaw angle is 0°, the wake of the driven wind turbine is obviously smaller than that of the fixed wind turbine, and the turbulent kinetic energy is greater than that of the fixed wind turbine because of the multifreedom rotational motion of the driven wind turbine. With the increase of yaw Angle, the distribution of wake and turbulent kinetic energy of wind turbine appears radial deviation, and the deviation direction is opposite to the direction of yaw Angle rotation, and the wake and turbulent kinetic energy decreases with the increase of yaw Angle. With the increase of yaw Angle, the average output power of forced and fixed wind turbines decreases, and the average output power of forced wind turbines is smaller than that of fixed wind turbines.

wind turbine  /  dynamics  /  yaw  /  wake characteristics  /  power
张步恩, 杨磊, 余烈, 赵振宙, 刘惠文. 不同偏航工况下受迫运动风力机动力学特性. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (7) : 908 -914 .
Buen Zhang, Lei Yang, Lie Yu, Zhenzhou Zhao, Huiwen Liu. Dynamics of the model turbine with driven motion at different yaw angle operating condition[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (7) : 908 -914 .
我国在提出 2030 年 “碳达峰”、2060 年 “碳中和”的远景目标之后, 新能源技术的开发与应用是必经之路 [ 1 , 2 ] ,而风力发电是新能源技术中最重要的技术之一。
Zhang B [ 3 , 4 ] 通过改变风力机尾流方向的压力, 研究了地形的变化对功率波动特性的影响, 结果表明,压强降低可以明显增强固定式风力机的尾流,增大风力机的平均输出功率,而尾流区域的压强增大,降低了固定式风力机的尾流,并使风力机平均输出功率降低。Fu S [ 5 , 6 ] 通过物理模型试验研究了风力机在强迫横摇或者纵摇工况下的尾流及功率波动特性, 进一步研究了在阵列布置条件下, 风电场的尾流特性。谢浩 [ 7 ] 考虑叶片复合铺层材料的各向异性特性, 建立了大型风力机叶片的几何非线性动力学模型, 并导出了相应的特征方程, 编制了数值仿真程序, 分析结果表明, 在动力刚化效应作用下, 叶片的固有频率会随着转速的增加而增大, 动力刚化效应在挥舞方向比在摆振方向更明显,在低阶模态比在高阶模态更明显。冯俊恒 [ 8 ] 研究了偏航工况下风力机轮毂载荷的特性, 当风力机运行在额定风速以下时, 偏航偏差角的存在会降低风力机输出功率;当风力机运行在额定风速以上时, 一定范围内的偏航偏差角能维持风力机满功率稳定运行。李治国 [ 9 ] 提出了一种适用于各种复杂风况的大型兆瓦级风力机动力学响应计算方法, 发现风向角会引起冲击载荷效应, 致使叶片和塔筒位移在趋于稳定前出现较大突变现象。 周鹏展 [ 10 ] 对翼型内部结构为单腹板和双腹板的风力机叶片进行了模态、应力和应变分析, 结果表明, 双腹板风力机叶片的力学性能要优于单腹板风力机叶片。丁红岩 [ 11 ] 研究了海上风电三筒导管架基础在海洋土中的承载性能, 对比了极限工况下两种基础法兰及导管架处的倾斜率, 研究结果表明,基础直径较大、筒高较小的三吸力筒导管架基础的承载性能更强。
本文对不同偏航工况下受迫运动的模型风力机进行了动力学特性分析, 研究了风力机尾流场分布特性及平均输出功率的变化特征。
物理模型试验是在美国伊利诺伊州立大学香槟分校机械学院可再生能源课题组的 Eiffel 型风洞试验台进行的, 该试验台是开场型风洞试验台 ( 图 1 ),主要包括蜂窝矫流器、湍流制造器、测试段、扩流段等部分,总长为 ${18.3}{\mathrm{\;m}}$ [ 12 ] ,其中测试段的宽度为 ${0.91}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,高度为 ${0.45}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,长度为 ${6.1}{\mathrm{\;m}}_{\circ }$ 试验期间, 测试段的压力梯度大约为零, 每间隔 0.2 $\mathrm{m}$ 在测试段表面铺设直径大约为 $5\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的铁链, 以产生大气边界层。
模型风电机组参考 Sandia National Laboratory 模型,风力机叶片是 3D 打印制造的,模型风电机组的重量 ${m}_{1}$${0.016}\mathrm{\;{kg}}$ ,塔杆的重量 ${m}_{2}$ 为 0.010 $\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,直径 ${d}_{\mathrm{T}}$${0.12}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,试验期间轮毂中心的高度 ${z}_{\mathrm{{hub}}}$${0.12}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,模型风电机组工作时的叶尖速比大约为 5,测得模型风电机组的功率系数 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 约为 0.11。 表 1 为研究受迫运动风力机横摇运动的相关文献。由 表 1 可知, 受迫运动风力机的横摇振幅通常为 1~4 ${}^{\circ }$ ,但相关研究主要是针对耦合固定频率和振幅单自由度的受迫运动风力机。
为了实现在湍流条件下模型风电机组能被动地做无规则、随意的横摇、纵摇、艏摇运动,同时又保证横摇角度在文献范围之内, 本文采用直角扭力弹簧作为模型风电机组的弹性基础。为保证模型风电机组在给定来流条件下横摇角度和幅度在合理范围之内, 对模型风电机组按照试验工况进行测试, 最终选定风洞风扇控制箱的频率为 30.5 $\mathrm{{Hz}}$ ,此时模型风电机组轮毂高度的来流风速为 ${8.65}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 。功率测量设备采用的是 $\mathrm{{NI}}$ 公司生产的数据采集设备,型号为 USB-6009, 可以提供模拟 $\mathrm{I}/\mathrm{O}$ 、数字 $\mathrm{I}/\mathrm{O}$ 和一个 32 位计数器,通过电脑 MATLAB 软件进行命令控制,采样频率为 10000 $\mathrm{{Hz}}$ ,每个工况的采样时长均为 ${120}\mathrm{s}$ 。同时进行来流速度测量,来流速度测量设备采用 DANTEC 公司生产的恒温式热线风速仪, 设定采样频率为 ${10000}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ ,采样时间为 ${120}\mathrm{\;s}$ 。流场信息测量采用 TSI 公司的粒子图像测速系统,分别在偏航角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ , ${15}^{\circ },{30}^{\circ }$ 的工况下对固定式风力机和漂浮式风力机进行流场信息测量,拍摄区域为 $x/{d}_{\mathrm{T}}\in \left\lbrack {2,5}\right\rbrack$$y/{d}_{\mathrm{T}}\in \left\lbrack {-{0.8},{0.8}}\right\rbrack ,{\Delta x}\times {\Delta y}= {360}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {192}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,双脉冲射线能量为 ${250}\mathrm{\;{mJ}}$ ,拍摄面厚度为 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,拍摄设备采用通用式 16 位 CCD 相机,采样频率为 $1\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$
在偏航角分别为 ${0}^{\circ },{15}^{\circ },{30}^{\circ }$ 的工况下,针对固定式风力机和受迫运动风力机进行尾流特性、功率及其波动特性的研究,试验布置见 图 2
图 3 为试验条件所用的来流边界层特征。
在偏航角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ 时,即受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机正面迎风,风力机的尾流分布见 图 4
图 4 可知,正面迎风时,受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的尾流均分布在 $y =- {0.5}{d}_{\mathrm{T}}\sim {0.5}{d}_{\mathrm{T}}$ ,固定式风力机的尾流以轮毂中心线为轴线, 基本呈均匀对称分布, 而受迫运动风力机的尾流由于受到多自由度运动的影响, 并不是完全对称分布, 尤其在顺气流方向 $x ={3.5}{d}_{\mathrm{T}}$ 之后,尾流出现偏移的现象。受迫运动风力机的尾流明显小于固定式风力机的尾流, 由于受迫运动风力机同时存在横摇、 纵摇和艏摇运动, 而多自由度旋转运动可以促进尾流和边界层中的能量交换, 从而加快尾流恢复速度。
图 5 为风力机偏航角为 ${15}^{\circ }$ 时,受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的尾流分布。
图 5 可知: 由于风力机的偏航, 受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的尾流均出现偏移现象, 尾流偏移的方向与风力机偏航方向相反; 相比于正面迎风工况,受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的尾流均减小。由于风力机的偏航导致风力机叶片作功的有效面积减少,且风对风力机叶片的有效风速降低, 导致风力机尾流的减小。
与正面迎风工况相同, 受迫运动风力机由于存在多自由度的旋转运动分量, 其尾流依然小于固定式风力机的尾流, 但是多自由度旋转运动导致的尾流偏移现象已经无法辨别。
图 6 为偏航角为 ${30}^{\circ }$ 工况下,受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的尾流分布情况。
图 6 可知, 由于偏航角的进一步增大, 两者尾流均存在偏移现象,且偏移量增大。相比于前两种工况, 风力机的尾流明显减小许多。虽然受迫运动风力机存在 3 个旋转运动分量,但横摇、纵摇和艏摇对尾流的影响已经可以忽略, 说明偏航角因素对受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的尾流影响更大,更为重要。
通过对 $2\mathrm{D}$ 平面粒子图像测速试验结果的处理, 可以得到受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机尾流场中的湍流特性。在 $2\mathrm{D}$ 平面内,湍流动能 (TKE)和轴向速度与径向速度相关。
$\mathrm{{TKE}}= \left({{u}^{\prime 2}+ {v}^{\prime 2}}\right)/2{U}_{\text{hub }}^{2}$
式中: ${u}^{\prime }$ 为轴向速度分量的均方根; ${v}^{\prime }$ 为径向速度分量的均方根; ${U}_{\mathrm{{hub}}}$ 为轮毂中心来流速度。
${u}^{\prime }= \sqrt{\frac{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 1}}^{N}{\left\lbrack u\left({t}_{k}\right)- \bar{u}\right\rbrack }^{2}}{N}}$
式中: $u\left({t}_{k}\right)$ 为第 $k$ 个样本点的轴向速度分量; $v\left({t}_{k}\right)$ 为第 $k$ 个样本点的径向速度分量; $\overrightarrow{u}$ 为平均轴向速度分量; $\bar{v}$ 为平均径向速度分量; $N$ 为样本的总数量。
在各偏航工况条件下, 对受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机尾流场的湍流动能进行分析, 图 7 为偏航角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ 时,两种类型风力机尾流场的湍流动能分布。
图 7 可知: 在偏航角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ 的工况下,从 $x =$ $3{d}_{\mathrm{T}}\sim x = 4{d}_{\mathrm{T}}$ 的区域,对于受迫运动风力机,下叶尖 (沿 $y$ 轴负向位置的叶尖为下叶尖)的湍流动能明显高于上叶尖 (沿 $y$ 轴正向位置的叶尖为上叶尖) 的湍流动能,对于固定式风力机,下叶尖的湍流动能和上叶尖的湍流动能近乎对称分布; 从 $x = 2{d}_{\mathrm{T}}\sim$ $x = 5{d}_{\mathrm{T}}$ 的区域,顺着气流方向,湍流动能逐渐增强; 在尾流发展的过程中, 尾流逐渐恢复, 会从边界层中汲取能量, 导致尾流中速度波动更大, 尤其是叶尖附近,因此会有更强的湍流动能。
对比分析受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机可知, 受迫运动风力机尾流中的湍流动能强于固定式风力机尾流中的湍流动能,结合尾流现象分析可得, 多自由度旋转运动可以促进受迫运动风力机的尾流恢复, 使尾流和边界层的能量交换更快, 因此其尾流场中的湍流动能会更强。
图 8 ,9 分别为风力机偏航角为 ${15}^{\circ }$${30}^{\circ }$ 时, 受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的湍流动能分布图。
图 8 可知,对于两种类型的风力机,下叶尖附近的湍流动能均强于上叶尖附近的湍流动能, 由于风力机的偏航,下叶尖附近湍流动能随着尾流的偏移沿径向偏移,偏移至 $y =- {0.4}{d}_{\mathrm{T}}\sim y =$ $-{0.1}{d}_{\mathrm{{To}}}$
图 9 可知:对于两种类型的风力机,下叶尖区域附近的湍流动能均比上叶尖附近的湍流动能大很多,由于风力机的偏航,下叶尖附近湍流动能沿径向明显偏移至 $y =- {0.3}{d}_{\mathrm{T}}\sim y = 0$ 的区域;径向区域沿气流方向的湍流动能在 $x = 2{d}_{\mathrm{T}}\sim x = 5{d}_{\mathrm{T}}$ 的区域明显有逐渐减弱的趋势。
对于 3 种工况下的湍流动能, 上叶尖附近的湍流动能随着偏航角的增加有明显减弱的趋势, 但无偏移的现象。随着偏航角的增加, 尾流沿径向,湍流动能从 $y = 0$$y ={0.5}{d}_{\mathrm{T}}$ 偏移,尾流的偏移使得上叶尖附近受尾流的影响越来越大, 则上叶尖附近的尾流场流速小,与边界层的能量交换慢, 速度波动不大,从而湍流动能变小。
通过 MATLAB 软件对采集的功率数据进行处理,将正面迎风时,即偏航角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ 时,以固定式风力机的平均输出功率 ${P}_{0}$ 作为基本工况,进行标准化,结果如 图 10 所示。
图 10 可知:无论是固定式风力机,还是受迫运动风力机,随着偏航角的增大,风力机的平均输出功率均单调减小, 这是因为随着偏航角的增大, 风力机叶片旋转所形成的制动盘的迎风有效面积逐渐减小,尤其是在偏航角不小于 ${15}^{\circ }$ 之后的工况, 平均输出功率的减小更为显著; 偏航角从 ${10}^{\circ }$ 增加到 ${15}^{\circ }$ 的工况,固定式风力机的平均输出功率减小了 5.3%,受迫运动风力机的平均输出功率减小了 3.9%;当偏航角从 ${15}^{\circ }$ 增加到 ${20}^{\circ }$ 时, 固定式风力机的平均输出功率减小了约 5.0%,而受迫运动风力机的平均输出功率减小了约 ${6.9}\%$ ;当偏航角从 ${25}^{\circ }$ 增加到 ${30}^{\circ }$ 时,固定式风力机的平均输出功率减小了约 8.8%, 而受迫运动风力机的平均输出功率减小幅度约为 10%。
本文建立了弹性基础的风力机模型, 实现模型风力机无规律、多自由度旋转的受迫运动状态, 研究受迫运动风力机在不同偏航工况、不同湍流来流条件下的动力学特性, 得到以下结论。
①在风力机正面迎风时,即偏航角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ 时, 由于受迫运动风力机存在多自由度旋转运动 (横摇运动、纵摇运动和艏摇运动), 从而促进了尾流和边界层中的能量交换,加快了尾流恢复速度。
②受迫运动风力机的尾流明显小于固定式风力机,而受迫运动风力机尾流中的湍流动能大于固定式风力机尾流中的湍流动能。
③随着偏航角的增大,受迫运动风力机的尾流和湍流动能均出现径向偏移现象,偏移方向与偏航角旋转方向相反,尾流和湍流动能均随着偏航角的增大而减小。
④随着偏航角的增大,受迫运动风力机和固定式风力机的平均输出功率均减小,受迫运动风力机的平均输出功率均小于固定式风力机的平均输出功率。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(52106239)
  • 江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20210370)
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2024年第42卷第7期
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  • 接收时间:2023-05-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-28
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52106239)
江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20210370)
作者信息
    1 水电水利规划设计总院 北京 100120
    2 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 湖南 长沙 410014
    3 广东工业大学 广东 广州 510006
    4 可再生能源发电工程质量监督站 北京 100120
    5 河海大学 江苏 南京 211100
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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