Article(id=1154429110383271938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429104116982720, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1666627200000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753166948171, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753166948171, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753166948171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753166948171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154429104116982720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='8', pageStart='994', pageEnd='1136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753166946677, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694569475, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642114579583511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429104116982720, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642114579583512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429104116982720, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1074, endPage=1082, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154429111394099206, articleId=1154429110383271938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=An active-power oscillation suppression strategy for diesel-storage-microgrid based on active-power proportional differential feedforward VSG, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the activepower dynamic oscillation problem of parallel system for traditional energy storage virtual synchronous generator (VSG) and diesel generator set (DGS) under load disturbance, an active power dynamic oscillation suppression strategy for diesel storage microgrid based on activepower proportional differential feedforward VSG (APDFVSG) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the small signal model of the parallel system for energy storage VSG and DGS is established, as well as the influences of virtual inertia, virtual damp and output impedance parameters of energy storage VSG on active power oscillation of the system are analyzed. On this basis, the active power dynamic oscillation suppression strategy based on ADPFVSG is proposed and the corresponding parameter design process is given. Finally, the MATLAB simulation model of the parallel system for energy storage VSG and DGS is established, and the simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed APDFVSG control strategy in suppressing activepower dynamic oscillation of the dieselstoragemicrogrid.

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在负载扰动下,传统储能虚拟同步机(Virtual Synchronous Generator, VSG)与柴油发电机(Diesel Generator Set, DGS)并联组网系统存在有功功率动态振荡。文章提出一种基于有功比例微分前馈 VSG(Activepower Proportional Differential Feedforward VSG, APDFVSG)的柴储微网有功动态振荡抑制策略。首先建立储能VSG与DGS并联组网系统的小信号模型,分析储能VSG的虚拟惯量、虚拟阻尼及输出阻抗参数对系统有功振荡的影响规律,在此基础上提出基于APDFVSG 的柴储微网有功动态振荡抑制策略,并给出相应的参数设计过程。最后,建立储能VSG与DGS 并联组网系统的 Matlab 仿真模型,并利用仿真结果验证所述 APDFVSG 控制策略在抑制柴储微网有功动态振荡方面的有效性。

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石荣亮(1987-),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为新能源利用与分布式发电技术。E-mail:

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石荣亮(1987-),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为新能源利用与分布式发电技术。E-mail:

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石荣亮(1987-),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为新能源利用与分布式发电技术。E-mail:

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journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429110383271938, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Simulation results of parallel system for energy storage APDF-VSG and DGS, figureFileSmall=YSyIU5y0k2q9L/5udoqTQg==, figureFileBig=Ku4VfcYaSg/U9ajiqqPQGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429153634935096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429110383271938, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=储能 APDF-VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的仿真结果, figureFileSmall=YSyIU5y0k2q9L/5udoqTQg==, figureFileBig=Ku4VfcYaSg/U9ajiqqPQGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154429153689461049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429110383271938, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Key parameters of energy storage VSG and DGS, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
VSG 额定容量/kW 200
虚拟惯量 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 4
虚拟阻尼 ${D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 160
有功下垂系数 $n$ 31831
无功下垂系数 $m$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{-4}$
VSG 输出阻抗 ${Z}_{1}/\Omega$ j0.002
VSG 额定电压 ${V}_{0}/\mathrm{V}$ 380
VSG 有功参考 ${P}_{\text{ref }}/\mathrm{{kW}}$ 50
VSG 无功参考 ${Q}_{\text{ref }}$ /Var 0
DGS 额定容量/kW 200
惯量 ${J}_{\mathrm{d}}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 4
阻尼 ${D}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 160
调速器延迟时间常数 ${\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}/\mathrm{s}$ 0.6
调速器等效增益 ${k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}$ 101
DGS 输出阻抗 ${Z}_{2}/\Omega$ j0.002
DGS 额定电压/V 380
DGS 机械输入转矩参考 ${T}_{\mathrm{d}0}/\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ 159.16
额定角频率 ${\omega }_{0}/\mathrm{{rad}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 314.15
), ArticleFig(id=1154429153739792698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429110383271938, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=储能 VSG 与 DGS 的主要参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
VSG 额定容量/kW 200
虚拟惯量 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 4
虚拟阻尼 ${D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 160
有功下垂系数 $n$ 31831
无功下垂系数 $m$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{-4}$
VSG 输出阻抗 ${Z}_{1}/\Omega$ j0.002
VSG 额定电压 ${V}_{0}/\mathrm{V}$ 380
VSG 有功参考 ${P}_{\text{ref }}/\mathrm{{kW}}$ 50
VSG 无功参考 ${Q}_{\text{ref }}$ /Var 0
DGS 额定容量/kW 200
惯量 ${J}_{\mathrm{d}}/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 4
阻尼 ${D}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 160
调速器延迟时间常数 ${\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}/\mathrm{s}$ 0.6
调速器等效增益 ${k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}$ 101
DGS 输出阻抗 ${Z}_{2}/\Omega$ j0.002
DGS 额定电压/V 380
DGS 机械输入转矩参考 ${T}_{\mathrm{d}0}/\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ 159.16
额定角频率 ${\omega }_{0}/\mathrm{{rad}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 314.15
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基于有功比例微分前馈VSG的柴储微网有功振荡抑制策略
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石荣亮 , 王国斌 , 兰才华 , 刘维莎 , 周其锋
可再生能源 | 2024,42(8): 1074-1082
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(8): 1074-1082
基于有功比例微分前馈VSG的柴储微网有功振荡抑制策略
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石荣亮 , 王国斌, 兰才华, 刘维莎, 周其锋
作者信息
  • 1 桂林理工大学 广西高校先进制造与自动化技术重点实验室 广西 桂林 541006
  • 石荣亮(1987-),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为新能源利用与分布式发电技术。E-mail:

An active-power oscillation suppression strategy for diesel-storage-microgrid based on active-power proportional differential feedforward VSG
Rongliang Shi , Guobin Wang, Caihua Lan, Weisha Liu, Qifeng Zhou
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541006 China
出版时间: 2024-08-20
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在负载扰动下,传统储能虚拟同步机(Virtual Synchronous Generator, VSG)与柴油发电机(Diesel Generator Set, DGS)并联组网系统存在有功功率动态振荡。文章提出一种基于有功比例微分前馈 VSG(Activepower Proportional Differential Feedforward VSG, APDFVSG)的柴储微网有功动态振荡抑制策略。首先建立储能VSG与DGS并联组网系统的小信号模型,分析储能VSG的虚拟惯量、虚拟阻尼及输出阻抗参数对系统有功振荡的影响规律,在此基础上提出基于APDFVSG 的柴储微网有功动态振荡抑制策略,并给出相应的参数设计过程。最后,建立储能VSG与DGS 并联组网系统的 Matlab 仿真模型,并利用仿真结果验证所述 APDFVSG 控制策略在抑制柴储微网有功动态振荡方面的有效性。

储能虚拟同步机  /  微网  /  有功动态振荡  /  小信号模型

In order to solve the activepower dynamic oscillation problem of parallel system for traditional energy storage virtual synchronous generator (VSG) and diesel generator set (DGS) under load disturbance, an active power dynamic oscillation suppression strategy for diesel storage microgrid based on activepower proportional differential feedforward VSG (APDFVSG) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the small signal model of the parallel system for energy storage VSG and DGS is established, as well as the influences of virtual inertia, virtual damp and output impedance parameters of energy storage VSG on active power oscillation of the system are analyzed. On this basis, the active power dynamic oscillation suppression strategy based on ADPFVSG is proposed and the corresponding parameter design process is given. Finally, the MATLAB simulation model of the parallel system for energy storage VSG and DGS is established, and the simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed APDFVSG control strategy in suppressing activepower dynamic oscillation of the dieselstoragemicrogrid.

energy storage virtual synchronous generator  /  microgrid  /  active -power dynamic oscillation  /  small signal model
石荣亮, 王国斌, 兰才华, 刘维莎, 周其锋. 基于有功比例微分前馈VSG的柴储微网有功振荡抑制策略. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (8) : 1074 -1082 .
Rongliang Shi, Guobin Wang, Caihua Lan, Weisha Liu, Qifeng Zhou. An active-power oscillation suppression strategy for diesel-storage-microgrid based on active-power proportional differential feedforward VSG[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (8) : 1074 -1082 .
柴油发电机(DGS)存在燃料补给困难、高污染与高排放等问题,故包含风电、光伏与储能等分布式可再生能源的柴储微网顺势而生 [ 1 ] 。DGS 具有惯量小、动态响应慢、爬坡能力有限等特征,在应对可再生能源出力的间歇性、波动性以及负荷功率冲击的过程中, 存在系统电压幅值和频率波动大的问题。虚拟同步机(VSG)具有电压调节、惯量模拟与阻尼响应能力, 可为柴储微网提供必要的电压支持与惯量支撑 [ 2 ] 。然而,储能 VSG 和 DGS 在物理结构、惯量水平、功率调节、响应速度等方面存在较大差异, 造成储能 VSG 和 DGS 并联组网系统在负载扰动、可再生能源出力波动下易存在有功动态振荡、功率越限的问题 [ 3 ]
目前, 关于提升包含储能 VSG 与 DGS 的柴储微网系统运行稳定性的研究受到了国内外诸多学者的广泛关注。文献[ 4 ]提出一种提高柴储独立微网系统频率稳定性的储能 VSG 控制策略, 该策略利用 VSG 的虚拟惯量、阻尼响应与快速的动态响应特性, 提升系统频率的稳定性, 但未充分发挥 VSG 的虚拟惯量与虚拟阻尼参数可调的优势, 对改善柴储微网系统频率稳定性的效果有限。文献 [ 5 ]结合 VSG 功角动态响应曲线的特征, 提出一种基于 Bang-Bang 调节原理的虚拟惯量自适应控制策略, 利用储能 VSG 虚拟惯量可调的特点, 进一步提升柴储微网系统的频率稳定性, 但交替断续变化的虚拟惯量将会对系统的运行稳定性造成不利影响。文献[ 6 ]结合 VSG 角频率的偏差及其变化率的动态响应特征,提出一种虚拟惯量可连续自适应调节的储能 VSG 控制策略,可有效改善柴储微网系统的频率稳定性, 且避免了断续调节的虚拟惯量所带来的不利影响, 但未利用 VSG 虚拟阻尼亦可调的优势。文献[ 7, 8 ] 根据 VSG 角频率变化率与角频率偏差乘积符号存在正负交替的特征,提出虚拟惯量、虚拟阻尼均可自适应连续调节的储能 VSG 控制策略,进一步改善了柴储微网系统的频率稳定性。虽然上述文献在提升柴储微网系统频率稳定性方面颇有成效,但是对于储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统,在负载扰动下存在有功动态振荡和有功动态不均分造成的功率越限问题均未考虑。为了解决储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统在负载扰动下存在的有功动态不均分、有功动态振荡的问题, 文献[ 9 ]通过建立常规储能 VSG 与 DGS 并网组网系统的小信号模型,分析了并联系统在动态负载扰动下存在暂态电压、暂态功角稳定性的耦合问题。文献 [ 10 ] 在分析储能 VSG 与 DGS 的有功控制环路对并联系统暂态电压稳定性影响的基础上, 提出了一种基于角频率自适应切换的储能 VSG 控制策略,以提升系统在负载扰动下的暂态电压稳定性。文献[ 11 ]在分析储能 VSG 与 DGS 的转速调节环节对并联系统暂态功角稳定性影响的基础上, 提出了一种基于角频率偏差前馈补偿的储能 VSG 控制策略, 以提升系统在接地故障下的暂态功角稳定性。文献 [ 12 ]建立了常规储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网运行实验系统,并通过现场实验测试验证了系统在负载扰动条件下存在有功动态振荡与有功动态不均分的事实。然而,文献[ 9 - 12 ]未考虑储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统在负载扰动下存在的有功动态振荡与动态不均分问题。文献[ 13 ]针对逆变器与 DGS 并联组网系统中逆变器动态响应过快导致有功无法动态均分的问题, 提出一种虚拟 DGS(Virtual DGS, VDGS) 控制策略, 使 VDGS 与 DGS 具有相同的发电机模型、调速系统与调压结构, 解决了由于传统储能 VSG 与 DGS 暂态特性不一致带来的有功动态分配不均的问题, 但 VDGS 直接采用凸极同步发电机的控制模型, 导致控制系统的阶数较高、参数设计过于复杂。 文献[ 14 ]将同步发电机的二阶模型引入到储能变换器控制系统中, 提出一种简化的 VDGS 控制策略, 在降低 VDGS 控制阶数的同时还能达到与文献[ 13 ]类似的控制效果, 但仍存在系统控制参数设计复杂与有功动态超调较大的缺点。文献[ 15 ] 针对储能 VSG 与 DGS 存在不同惯量响应特征导致有功动态不均分的问题, 提出了一种基于有功指令主动设定的储能 VSG 控制策略, 既简化了参数设计过程又改善了系统有功的动态均分效果, 但是储能 VSG 的输出有功存在功率超调量较大与动态响应时间较长的缺点。文献[ 16 ]在分析储能 VSG 和 DGS 并联组网系统频率响应特性、功率过冲与瞬时功率不均分的基础上, 提出了一种基于虚拟阻抗和暂态互阻尼的 VSG-DGS 协调控制策略,可减小储能 VSG 输出有功、频率的动态振荡与超调, 但是仍存在有功动态均分效果不佳的问题。
现有对储能 VSG 与 DGS 并网组网系统受负荷扰动存在有功动态振荡、有功动态不均分的机理分析以及优化控制方案仍存在不足。为此, 本文首先建立储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的小信号模型, 分析储能 VSG 的虚拟惯量、虚拟阻尼与输出阻抗参数对系统有功振荡的影响规律; 然后提出一种基于 APDF-VSG 的柴储微网有功动态振荡抑制策略,并给出相应的参数设计过程;最后建立储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的 Matlab 仿真模型,并利用仿真结果验证 APDF-VSG 控制策略在抑制柴储微网有功动态振荡方面的有效性。
图 1 给出了本文柴储微网系统的控制结构。 该系统主要包含 DGS、储能 VSG 与负荷 ${Z}_{\text{load1 }},{Z}_{\text{load2 }}$ [ 11 ]
图中: ${Z}_{\mathrm{d}},{Z}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 分别为 DGS、储能 VSG 并联线路的等效阻抗; ${U}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ 为直流侧电压; ${V}_{\mathrm{{dg}}},{i}_{\mathrm{{dg}}},{P}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}$ 分别为 DGS 输出电压、输出电流、输出有功; ${V}_{\text{dref }}$ 为 DGS 励磁系统输出电压指令; ${V}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}},{i}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 分别为储能 $\mathrm{{VSG}}$ 输出电容电压、输出电流; ${L}_{\mathrm{f}},{C}_{\mathrm{f}}, C$ 分别为储能 VSG 的交流滤波电感、交流滤波电容、直流滤波电容。
根据文献[ 10 ]可得 DGS 的转子运动方程为
${J}_{\mathrm{d}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= {T}_{\mathrm{m}}- {T}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}- {D}_{\mathrm{d}}\left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}- {\omega }_{0}}\right)$
式中: ${\omega }_{\mathrm{d}},{\omega }_{0}$ 分别为 DGS 的转子角频率、额定转子角频率; ${J}_{\mathrm{d}},{D}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 分别为 DGS 的转动惯量、机械阻尼系数; ${T}_{\mathrm{m}}$ , ${T}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}$ 分别为 DGS 的机械输入转矩、电磁输出转矩。
根据文献 [ 10 , 11 ] 的 ${T}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 可表示为
$\frac{\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{m}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= \frac{1}{{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}\left\lbrack {{T}_{\mathrm{d}0}+ {k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}\left({{\omega }_{0}- {\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}}\right)- {T}_{\mathrm{m}}}\right\rbrack $
式中: ${\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}$ 为 DGS 调速器的等效一阶惯性环节时间常数; ${T}_{\mathrm{d}0}$ 为 DGS 的机械输入转矩参考; ${k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}$ 为调速器等效增益。
将式(2)代入式(1),可得:
${J}_{\mathrm{d}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= {T}_{\mathrm{d}0}- {k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}\left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}- {\omega }_{0}}\right)- {\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}\frac{\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{m}}}{\mathrm{d}t}- {T}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}- {D}_{\mathrm{d}}\left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}- {\omega }_{0}}\right)$
另一方面, 储能 VSG 控制转子运动方程、一次调频方程与一次调压方程可分别表示为 [ 17 ]
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}\frac{\mathrm{d}{\omega }_{\mathrm{v}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= {P}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}- {P}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}- {D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}\left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{v}}- {\omega }_{0}}\right)\\{P}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}\left( s\right)= {P}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}+ {\Delta P}= {P}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}+ n\left({{\omega }_{0}- {\omega }_{\mathrm{v}}}\right)\\{V}_{\mathrm{{wf}}}= {V}_{0}+ {m\Delta Q}\end{array}\right.$
式中: ${\omega }_{\mathrm{v}},{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$${D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 分别为储能 $\mathrm{{VSG}}$ 的输出角频率、虚拟转动惯量和虚拟阻尼; ${P}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}$${P}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 分别为储能 VSG 机械功率和输出有功功率; $n$ 为储能 VSG 的有功下垂系数; ${P}_{\text{ref }}$ 为储能 VSG 有功功率给定; ${V}_{\text{ref }},{V}_{0}$ 分别为储能 VSG 的参考电压幅值、 额定电压幅值; $m$ 为储能 $\mathrm{{VSG}}$ 的无功下垂系数; ${\Delta Q}$ 为储能 $\mathrm{{VSG}}$ 的无功功率参考值 ${Q}_{\text{ref }}$ 和实际输出值 ${Q}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 之差。
根据式 (4), 将储能 VSG 控制的一次调频方程代入转子运动方程可得:
${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}\frac{\mathrm{d}{\omega }_{\mathrm{v}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= {P}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}- n\left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{v}}- {\omega }_{0}}\right)- {P}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}- {D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}\left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{v}}- {\omega }_{0}}\right)$
通过对比式 (5) 与式 (3) 可知, DGS 的调速器比储能 VSG 的一次调频方程中多了 ${\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}\left({\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{m}}/\mathrm{d}t}\right)$ 微分项, 使得两者应对相同负载扰动时将体现出不同的有功动态响应特性,故导致储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统在负载扰动下不可避免地出现有功动态振荡、有功动态不均分的问题。本文研究重点为优化柴储微网系统的有功-频率响应性能, 即抑制柴储微网系统在负载扰动下的有功动态振荡问题, 且储能 VSG 在线路呈感性条件下可自行实现有功与无功独立控制, 故对于储能 VSG 的无功-电压控制、电压电流内环控制及 DGS 的励磁系统等内容将不再赘述。
为了揭示柴储微网系统在负载扰动条件下存在的有功动态振荡机理, 本文建立储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的小信号模型, 并分析储能 VSG 的 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}},{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 及等效输出阻抗参数对系统有功动态振荡的影响规律。 图 2 给出了储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的等效电路。
图中: ${E}_{0}\angle 0$ 为公共连接点的电压; ${E}_{1}\angle {\delta }_{1}$ 为储能 VSG 输出端口电动势; ${E}_{2}\angle {\delta }_{2}$ 为 DGS 电动势; ${Z}_{\mathrm{f}}$${Z}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 分别为储能 VSG 滤波阻抗、储能 VSG 至公共连接点的线路阻抗; ${X}_{\mathrm{d}}$${Z}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 分别为 DGS 的 $d$ 轴等效电抗、DGS 至公共连接点的线路阻抗。
为便于表示,下文将以 ${Z}_{1},{Z}_{2}$ 分别表示储能 VSG 与 DGS 的等效输出阻抗,即:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{Z}_{1}= {Z}_{\mathrm{f}}+ {Z}_{\mathrm{s}}\\{Z}_{2}= {X}_{\mathrm{d}}+ {Z}_{\mathrm{d}}\end{array}\right.$
当储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统运行在稳态工作点 $\left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}},{P}_{\mathrm{s}},{\delta }_{\mathrm{s}}}\right)$ 时,分别加入小扰动量 $\Delta {\omega }_{i}$ , $\Delta {P}_{i}$$\Delta {\delta }_{i}\left({i = 1,2}\right)$ ,则系统输出角频率、输出有功和功角分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\omega }_{\mathrm{v}}= {\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}+ \Delta {\omega }_{1},{\omega }_{\mathrm{d}}= {\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}+ \Delta {\omega }_{2}\\{P}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}= {P}_{\mathrm{s}}+ \Delta {P}_{1},{P}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}= {P}_{\mathrm{s}}+ \Delta {P}_{2}\\{\delta }_{1}= {\delta }_{\mathrm{s}}+ \Delta {\delta }_{1},{\delta }_{2}= {\delta }_{\mathrm{s}}+ \Delta {\delta }_{2}\end{array}\right.$
将式(7)分别代入式(1),(2)和(5)并进行线性化与稳态量消除可得:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {\delta }_{12}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= \Delta {\omega }_{1}- \Delta {\omega }_{2}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{m}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= -\frac{{k}_{\text{dg }}}{{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}\Delta {\omega }_{2}- \frac{1}{{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}{T}_{\mathrm{m}}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {\omega }_{1}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= -\frac{n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\text{vsg }}}{{J}_{\text{vsg }}{\omega }_{0}}\Delta {\omega }_{1}- \frac{1}{{J}_{\text{vsg }}}\Delta {D}_{1}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {\omega }_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= -\frac{1}{{J}_{\text{vs }}}{T}_{\mathrm{m}}- \frac{{D}_{\mathrm{d}}}{{J}_{\mathrm{m}}}\Delta {\omega }_{2}- \frac{1}{{J}_{\text{vsg }}}\Delta {D}_{2}\end{array}\right.$
式中: ${\delta }_{ij}\left({i, j = 1,2}\right)$ 为输出电压功角 ${\delta }_{i}$${\delta }_{j}$ 之间的夹角,且 ${\delta }_{ij}= {\delta }_{i}- {\delta }_{j}$
本文考虑储能 VSG 与 DGS 以相同容量投入运行, 当储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统处于稳定运行状态下, 二者输出电压之间相位差较小, 即 $\sin {\delta }_{12}\approx {\delta }_{12},\cos {\delta }_{12}\approx 1$ 。此外,为了便于对系统进行小信号建模, 考虑线路阻抗为感性, 取储能 VSG 和 DGS 的线路电阻均为 0 。结合 图 2 并参考电力系统稳态分析 [ 18 ] ,储能 VSG 与 DGS 的输出有功小扰动量 $\Delta {P}_{1},\Delta {P}_{2}$ 可分别表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta {P}_{1}= \frac{\mathrm{d}{P}_{1}}{\mathrm{\;d}{\delta }_{12}}\Delta {\delta }_{12}= {E}_{1}{E}_{2}\left|{B}_{12}\right|\Delta {\delta }_{12}= {k\Delta }{\delta }_{12}= {S}_{1}\Delta {\delta }_{12}\\\Delta {P}_{2}= \frac{\mathrm{d}{P}_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}{\delta }_{12}}\Delta {\delta }_{12}= -{E}_{1}{E}_{2}\left|{B}_{12}\right|\Delta {\delta }_{12}= -{k\Delta }{\delta }_{12}= {S}_{2}\Delta {\delta }_{12}\end{array}\right.$
式中: ${B}_{ij}\left({i, j = 1,2}\right)$ 为发电设备节点之间互导纳的电纳; ${S}_{1},{S}_{2}$ 分别为储能 VSG 和 DGS 的整步功率系数; $k$ 为同步电压系数。
则式(8)可用矩阵表示为
$\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {\delta }_{12}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {\omega }_{1}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {\omega }_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{m}}}{\mathrm{d}t}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack =\left\lbrack \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 &- 1 & 0 \\- \frac{{S}_{1}}{{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}}& -\frac{n +{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}}{{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}}& 0 & 0 \\- \frac{{S}_{2}}{{J}_{\mathrm{{ls}}}{\omega }_{0}}& 0 &- \frac{{D}_{\mathrm{d}}}{{J}_{\mathrm{l}}}& -\frac{1}{{J}_{\mathrm{l}}}\\ 0 & 0 &- \frac{{k}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}}{{J}_{\mathrm{l}}}& -\frac{1}{{J}_{\mathrm{l}}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack .\\\left\lbrack \begin{array}{l}\Delta {\delta }_{12}\\\Delta {\omega }_{1}\\\Delta {\omega }_{2}\\{T}_{n}\end{array}\right\rbrack $
由式(10)可得储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的特征方程:
${s}^{4}+ A{s}^{3}+ B{s}^{2}+ {Cs}+ D = 0 $
其中:
$ A =\frac{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}+ {J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}{D}_{\mathrm{d}}{\omega }_{0}+ {J}_{\mathrm{d}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}\left({n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right)}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}\\ B =\frac{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}\left({n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right)+ {\omega }_{0}{D}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}+ {\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}{D}_{\mathrm{d}}\left({n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right)}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}- \\\frac{{k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}+ {J}_{\mathrm{d}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}{S}_{1}- {J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}{S}_{2}/{\omega }_{0}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}\\ C =\frac{\left({n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right){D}_{\mathrm{d}}- \left({n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right){k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}+ {J}_{\mathrm{d}}{S}_{1}+ {S}_{1}{D}_{\mathrm{d}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}- \\\frac{\left({n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right){S}_{2}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}/{\omega }_{0}^{2}- {S}_{2}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}/{\omega }_{0}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}\\ D =\frac{{S}_{1}{D}_{\mathrm{d}}- {S}_{1}{k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}- {S}_{2}\left({n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right)/{\omega }_{0}^{2}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}$
DGS 参数由其内部结构决定, 故本文主要分析储能 VSG 参数对柴储微网系统运行稳定性的影响规律。储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统参数如 表 1 所示。将 表 1 中的参数带入式(11),并改变储能 VSG 的 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}},{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$${Z}_{1}$ ,得到各参数变化对系统根轨迹的影响如 图 3 所示。
图 3 (a)给出了参数 ${J}_{\text{vsg }}$ 变化时储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的根轨迹, ${J}_{\text{vsg }}$ 从 1 增至 200 且步长为 1。由 图 3 (a)可看出,随着 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 取值的增大, 系统从过阻尼进入到欠阻尼状态, 此时系统受到扰动后响应速度变快, 其输出频率呈衰减振荡形式。但 ${J}_{\text{vsg }}$ 越大,系统特征根越靠近虚轴,柴储微网系统的运行稳定性越差。
图 3 (b)给出了参数 ${D}_{\text{vsg }}$ 变化时储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的根轨迹, ${D}_{\text{vsg }}$ 从 1 增至 200 且步长为 1。由 图 3 (b)可看出,随着 ${D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 取值的增大,共轭复数根 ${s}_{2}$${s}_{3}$ 逐渐接近负实轴,系统阻尼比逐渐增大,此时系统受到扰动后频率振荡也逐渐减小。当 ${s}_{2}$${s}_{3}$ 落到负实轴时,系统进入过阻尼状态,此时系统无动态振荡,但相应的系统调节时间变长。值得指出的是,随着 ${D}_{\text{vsg }}$ 取值的增大,系统特征根逐渐远离虚轴,柴储微网系统的运行稳定性得到提升。
图 3 (c)给出了参数 ${Z}_{1}$ 变化时储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的根轨迹, ${Z}_{1}$ 从 0.0001 增至 0.01,且步长为 0.0001。由 图 3 (c)可看出,随着 ${Z}_{1}$ 取值的增大, ${s}_{2}$${s}_{3}$ 两个共轭复数根向负实轴移动, 系统阻尼比逐渐增加, 此时系统受到扰动后频率超调逐渐减小, 但相应的系统响应时间随之增加。需要指出的是,特征根 ${s}_{4}$ 亦随着 ${Z}_{1}$ 取值的增大逐渐向虚轴靠近, 柴储微网系统的运行稳定性变差。
综上所述, 由于柴储微网中储能 VSG 和 DGS 的惯量、阻尼及等效输出阻抗存在差异,当负载扰动时, 系统将会出现持续一段时间的输出频率波动,进而引起有功动态振荡。与此同时,通过减小 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 或增大 ${D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$${Z}_{1}$ 均可增强系统阻尼特性,进而减小有功振荡。然而,一方面 ${J}_{\text{vsg }}$ 过小将减弱柴储微网系统的惯量支撑能力,而 ${D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 过大将增大 ${D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$$n$ 的耦合,造成储能 VSG 与 DGS 的有功稳态偏差增大; 另一方面 ${Z}_{1}$ 越大柴储微网系统的运行稳定性也将越差,但 ${Z}_{1}$ 由硬件电路决定,其数值通常保持不变。因此, 对于柴储微网系统在负载扰动下的有功动态振荡问题,仅通过调节 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}},{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 的取值, 将无法保证系统同时满足阻尼比大、动态响应速度快和稳态误差小的性能要求。
针对柴储微网系统在负载扰动下存在有功动态振荡的问题,本文提出基于 APDF-VSG 的柴储微网有功动态振荡抑制策略, 其控制框图如 图 4 所示。APDF-VSG 是在典型储能 VSG 有功控制的基础上, 通过 DGS 输出有功与储能 VSG 输出有功作差, 将作差结果进行比例与微分运算后前馈补偿至储能 VSG 的 ${P}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}$ ,以达到抑制系统有功动态振荡的效果。
根据 图 4 可得储能 APDF-VSG 的转子运动方程为
${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}\frac{\mathrm{d}{\omega }_{\mathrm{v}}}{\mathrm{d}t}= {P}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}+ \left({n +{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}}\right)\left({{\omega }_{0}- {\omega }_{\mathrm{v}}}\right)- {P}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}+ {P}_{\mathrm{c}}$
式中: ${P}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为有功补偿量。
${P}_{\mathrm{c}}= {P}_{\mathrm{p}}- {P}_{\mathrm{d}}= {k}_{\mathrm{p}}\left({{P}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}- {P}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right)- {k}_{\mathrm{d}}s\left({{P}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}- {P}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right)$
式中: ${P}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 为比例环节的有功补偿; ${P}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 为微分环节的有功补偿; ${k}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 为比例补偿系数; ${k}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 为微分补偿系数。
当储能 APDF-VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统运行在稳态工作点 $\left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}},{P}_{\mathrm{s}},{\delta }_{\mathrm{s}}}\right)$ 时,加入小扰动量 $\Delta {\omega }_{i}$ , $\Delta {P}_{i}$$\Delta {\delta }_{i}\left({i = 1,2}\right)$ ,并结合式 $\left( 1\right),\left( 2\right),\left( 9\right),\left({12}\right)$ 和 (13),可得储能APDF-VSG与DGS并联组网系统的特征方程:
$\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {\delta }_{12}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {\omega }_{1}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {\omega }_{2}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}\\\frac{\mathrm{d}{T}_{\mathrm{w}}}{\mathrm{d}t}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack =\left\lbrack \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 &- 1 & 0 \\\frac{{b}_{\mathrm{p}}- 1}{{V}_{\mathrm{{vs}}}{\omega }_{0}}{S}_{1}- \frac{{k}_{\mathrm{p}}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{vs}}}{\omega }_{0}}{S}_{2}& -\frac{n +{D}_{\mathrm{{vs}}}{\omega }_{0}+ {k}_{\mathrm{d}}k}{{V}_{\mathrm{{vs}}}{\omega }_{0}}& \frac{{k}_{\mathrm{d}}k}{{V}_{\mathrm{{vs}}}{\omega }_{0}}& 0 \\- \frac{{S}_{2}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{\omega }_{0}^{2}}& 0 &- \frac{{D}_{\mathrm{d}}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}}& -\frac{1}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}}\\ 0 & 0 &- \frac{{k}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}}{{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}& -\frac{1}{{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}\Delta {\delta }_{12}\\\Delta {\omega }_{1}\\\Delta {\omega }_{2}\\{T}_{\mathrm{m}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
根据式 (14) 可得储能 APDF-VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的特征方程:
${s}^{4}+ {A}_{1}{s}^{3}+ {B}_{1}{s}^{2}+ {C}_{1}s +{D}_{1}= 0 $
其中:
${A}_{1}= \frac{n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\text{vsg }}}{{J}_{\text{vsg }}{\omega }_{0}}+ \frac{{D}_{\mathrm{d}}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}}+ \frac{1}{{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}\\{B}_{1}= \frac{{D}_{\mathrm{d}}- {k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}+ \frac{\left({n +{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}+ {k}_{\mathrm{q}}k}\right){D}_{\mathrm{d}}}{{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}{J}_{\mathrm{d}}}- \frac{{S}_{2}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{\omega }_{0}^{2}}+ \\\frac{{k}_{\mathrm{p}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}{S}_{2}- \left({{k}_{\mathrm{p}}- 1}\right){\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}{S}_{1}+ n +{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}+ {k}_{\mathrm{q}}k}{{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}\\{C}_{1}= \frac{\left({n +{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}+ {k}_{\mathrm{q}}k}\right)\left({{D}_{\mathrm{d}}- {k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}}\right)}{{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}+ \frac{{S}_{2}\left({{k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}- 1}\right)}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{\omega }_{0}^{2}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}- \\\frac{\left({{k}_{\mathrm{p}}+ {D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}}\right){S}_{2}}{{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{\omega }_{0}}+ \frac{{k}_{\mathrm{p}}{S}_{2}- \left({{k}_{\mathrm{p}}- 1}\right){S}_{1}}{{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\omega }_{0}}\left({\frac{{D}_{\mathrm{d}}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}}+ \frac{1}{{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}}}\right)\\{D}_{1}= \frac{\left\lbrack {{k}_{\mathrm{p}}{S}_{2}- \left({{k}_{\mathrm{p}}- 1}\right){S}_{1}}\right\rbrack \left({{D}_{\mathrm{d}}- {k}_{\mathrm{{dg}}}}\right)}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}{\omega }_{0}}- \frac{\left({n +{\omega }_{0}{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}}\right){S}_{2}}{{J}_{\mathrm{d}}{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}{\tau }_{\mathrm{d}}{\omega }_{0}}$
根据式 (15) 并结合 表 1 所给的参数, 图 5 给出了APDF-VSG 中 ${k}_{\mathrm{p}},{k}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 变化时储能 APDF-VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统特征方程的根轨迹。其中, 图 5(a)${k}_{\mathrm{d}}$$1,{k}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 从 1 增加至 6 且步长为 0.1; 图 5(b)${k}_{\mathrm{p}}$${1.4},{k}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 从 1 增加至 6 且步长为 0.1。
图 5(a) 可看出,随着 ${k}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 的增大,一对共轭极点 ${s}_{2},{s}_{3}$ 逐渐靠近负实轴,系统从欠阻尼过渡到过阻尼状态, 表明系统抑制有功振荡的能力得到提升,且在 ${k}_{\mathrm{p}}= {1.4}$ 时系统进入临界阻尼状态,若 ${k}_{\mathrm{p}}\geq {1.7}$ 后其取值仍继续增大,极点 ${s}_{3}$ 将离开实轴成为共轭极点并逐渐逼近零点, 则系统的稳定性和动态性能将随之变差。由 图 5(b) 可知,若 ${k}_{\mathrm{d}}\geq$ 1.3 后其取值仍继续增大, ${s}_{2},{s}_{3}$ 逐渐远离负实轴, 则系统从过阻尼过渡到欠阻尼状态, 表明系统的动态响应速度得到提升,但抑制系统振荡的能力减弱。由此可知, ${k}_{\mathrm{p}}$${k}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 的取值增大时,系统阻尼比变化趋势不同,为保证系统兼备良好的动态及稳态性能,建议 ${k}_{\mathrm{p}}$${k}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 取系统临界阻尼附近所对应的数值为宜,即 ${k}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 的取值应为 $\left\lbrack {{1.4},{1.7}}\right\rbrack$${k}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 的取值应为 $\left\lbrack {1,{1.3}}\right\rbrack$ 。此外,考虑 ${k}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 的取值越大,其微分运算所引入的高频谐波也越大, 故本文设置 ${k}_{\mathrm{d}}= 1$ 以减小谐波干扰; 相应地设置 ${k}_{\mathrm{p}}= {1.4}$ 以保证系统为临界阻尼状态,并避免 ${k}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 取值继续增大所带来的系统稳定性与动态性能变差的问题。
为了验证所述储能 APDF-VSG 在抑制柴储微网系统有功动态振荡方面的有效性, 本文利用 MATLAB/Simulink 软件搭建了如 图 1 所示的储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统仿真模型, 并在该仿真模型中对传统储能 VSG 与储能 APDF-VSG 进行对比验证。在所搭建的仿真模型中, 设置负荷 ${Z}_{\text{Loadl }}= {Z}_{\text{Load }2}= {100}\mathrm{\;{kW}},{k}_{\mathrm{p}}= {1.4},{k}_{\mathrm{d}}= 1$ ,其他参数与 表 1 一致。设置工况:初始时刻储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统拖动负荷 ${Z}_{\text{LoadI }}$ 稳定运行,在 $2\mathrm{\;s}$ 时刻投入负荷 ${Z}_{\mathrm{{Load}}2}$ ,在 ${10}\mathrm{\;s}$ 时切除负荷 ${Z}_{\mathrm{{Load}}2}$
传统储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统在负载阶跃扰动下的输出有功、输出频率动态响应结果如 图 6 所示。由 图 6 (a)可知, DGS 和储能 $\mathrm{{VSG}}\left({{J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}= }\right.$ $4\mathrm{\;{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ , ${D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}= {160}$ )在稳态下可实现有功均分,储能 VSG 在负载突增时的输出有功峰值为 ${158.8}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ (对应超调量为 58.8%),而储能 VSG 在负载突减时的输出有功峰值为 $-{8.5}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ (对应超调量为 117%)。由 图 6 (b)可知, 储能 VSG 在负载突增时的输出频率突减了 ${0.48}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ ,而储能 $\mathrm{{VSG}}$ 在负载突减时的输出频率突增了 ${0.51}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 。同时,对比 图 6 (c)图 6 (a)可知,减小储能 VSG 的惯量,即当 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}= 2\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2},{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}= {160}$ 时,储能 VSG 输出有功的超调量在负载突增、突减时分别减小了 2.6%,7.6%。 对比 图 6 (d)图 6 (a)可知:一方面增加储能VSG 的阻尼,即当 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}= 4\mathrm{{kg}}\cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2},{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}= {200}$ 时,储能 VSG 输出有功的超调量在负载突增、突减时分别减小了 ${7.2}\%,{32.2}\%$ ;另一方面由于 ${D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$$n$ 的耦合作用,增大 ${D}_{\text{vsg }}$ 造成储能 VSG 与 DGS 的有功稳态偏差增大。根据以上仿真结果可知, 传统储能 VSG 和 DGS 并联组网系统在负荷阶跃扰动下, 存在输出有功/频率动态振荡与输出有功稳态偏差难以兼顾的问题。
将 APDF-VSG 应用于柴储微网系统中, 在相同工况下,储能 APDF-VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统的输出有功、输出频率动态响应结果见 图7
图 7 可知: 储能 APDF-VSG 在负载突增时的输出功率峰值为 ${104.5}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ ,与传统储能 VSG 相比,储能 APDF-VSG 输出有功超调量下降了 ${54.3}\%$ ,且其输出频率的突减量减小了 ${0.11}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ ;储能 APDF-VSG 在负载突减时的输出功率峰值为 ${46.1}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ ,对应超调量减小了 ${109.2}\%$ ,且其输出频率的突增量减小了 ${0.11}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 。根据以上仿真结果可知, 引入 APDF-VSG 控制策略后, 储能 VSG 和 DGS 并联组网系统所存在的输出有功动态振荡与超调问题得到有效改善, 避免了功率动态不均分所带来的功率越限风险,不存在有功稳态偏差, 与理论分析结果保持一致。
针对传统储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统在负载扰动下存在有功动态振荡的问题,本文在分析储能 VSG 的 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}},{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$${Z}_{1}$ 参数变化对系统有功动态振荡影响规律的基础上, 提出一种基于 APDF-VSG 的柴储微网有功振荡抑制策略,并给出相应的参数设计方法。通过理论分析、数学建模、仿真对比验证,得到以下结论。
①传统储能 VSG 与 DGS 在惯量、阻尼和输出阻抗方面存在差异,造成传统储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统在负载扰动下存在有功动态振荡, 且仅通过调节 ${J}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}},{D}_{\mathrm{{vsg}}}$ 无法保证系统兼具良好的动态与稳态性能。
②利用仿真对比结果验证了 APDF-VSG 可有效抑制储能 VSG 与 DGS 并联组网系统在负载扰动下存在的有功动态振荡, 且消除了有功稳态偏差,即保证了系统兼具优良的动态与稳态性能。
  • 广西自然科学基金青年项目(2020GXNSFBA297124)
  • 广西自然科学基金面上项目(2021GXNSFAA220038)
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  • 接收时间:2022-10-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-25
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广西自然科学基金青年项目(2020GXNSFBA297124)
广西自然科学基金面上项目(2021GXNSFAA220038)
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    1 桂林理工大学 广西高校先进制造与自动化技术重点实验室 广西 桂林 541006
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