Article(id=1154429040095122338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429037721146272, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1655395200000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753166931413, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1710864000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753166931413, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753166931413, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753166931413, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154429037721146272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='284', pageEnd='426', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753166930847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694626061, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642351918469663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429037721146272, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642351918469664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429037721146272, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=348, endPage=354, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154429040485192612, articleId=1154429040095122338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Numerical research on flow field characteristics of wind gathering device based on structural optimization, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The INVELOX wind power generation system is a kind of wind collection system with ducts, which can obtain wind power in multiple directions and at low wind speeds. The system efficiency depends on the ratio of the wind speed of incoming wind direction to the average wind speed of the venturi, that is, the velocity ratio SR. In this paper, model optimization was carried out based on INVELOX system, and taking the design of a small style wind collection device as the research object. The fluid dynamics calculation software XFlow based on Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was used to numerically simulate the flow field characteristics of the device at different wind speeds. By calculating the SR ratio in the Venturi tube, the critical working wind speed was 3 m/s. Through the analysis of the VSR diagram, it can be concluded that the device enhanced the wind speed in the environment with the increase of the wind speed in the flow field. At the same time, considering the application in the environment, taking 6 m/s as the wind speed of the flow field and carrying out the simulated analysis of the horizontal and oblique incoming wind to obtain the wind speed variation in the working section of the Venturi tube at different Angle of attack, which provides a reference for the engineering application of the energy acquisition device.

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INVELOX 风能发电是一种管道式风能采集系统,该系统可在多方向和低风速下获取风能,系统效率取决于来流风速和文丘里管平均风速的比值,即流速比 SR。文章基于 INVELOX 系统进行模型优化,设计了一种小型风能采集装置,使用基于格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)的流体力学计算软件 XFlow 对该装置在不同风速下的流场特性进行数值模拟,通过计算文丘里管內 SR 比值,得出其临界工作风速为3m/s。通过对VSR 图分析可知,随着流场风速的增大,该装置对环境中风速的增强作用随之增强。考虑现实环境的应用情况,以6m/s 作为流场风速,对水平和倾斜来流风向下的INVELOX 系统进行了仿真分析,得到不同攻角下文丘里管内工作段风速变化情况,为此类能源采集装置的工程应用提供参考。

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徐恺(1979-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为机械装备设计与研发。E-mail:

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徐恺(1979-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为机械装备设计与研发。E-mail:

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徐恺(1979-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为机械装备设计与研发。E-mail:

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tableContent=
分辨率 等级 远场网格 m 近壁面 网格/m 网格格子 数量 文丘里管内 平均速度
粗略 0.06 0.003 750 186 392 10.63
中等 0.05 0.003 125 338 429 11.09
精细 0.04 0.002 500 487 382 11.07
), ArticleFig(id=1154429090678428155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429040095122338, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=3 组分辨率参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分辨率 等级 远场网格 m 近壁面 网格/m 网格格子 数量 文丘里管内 平均速度
粗略 0.06 0.003 750 186 392 10.63
中等 0.05 0.003 125 338 429 11.09
精细 0.04 0.002 500 487 382 11.07
), ArticleFig(id=1154429090732954108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429040095122338, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Boundary setting of the computational domain, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界名称 条件 参数
流体 空气 密度 ${1.225}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,动力粘度 ${1.789}4 \times {10}^{-5}$
人口 速度入口 $V = {1.8} \sim {6.6}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$
出口 压力出口 $P = 0\mathrm{\;{Pa}}$
四周 壁面 周期性边界
采集装置 solid 固定
), ArticleFig(id=1154429090795868672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429040095122338, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=计算域边界条件设置, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界名称 条件 参数
流体 空气 密度 ${1.225}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,动力粘度 ${1.789}4 \times {10}^{-5}$
人口 速度入口 $V = {1.8} \sim {6.6}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$
出口 压力出口 $P = 0\mathrm{\;{Pa}}$
四周 壁面 周期性边界
采集装置 solid 固定
), ArticleFig(id=1154429090854588931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429040095122338, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=The average velocity and ${SR}$ ratio in the lower turbulence model of different turbulence models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
湍流模型 文丘里管内平均速度 比值
Automatic 11.08 1.85
Smagorinsky 16.96 2.83
DSM 10.64 1.78
WALE 10.61 1.77
), ArticleFig(id=1154429090913309189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429040095122338, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=不同湍流模型下文丘里管内平均速度以及 ${SR}$ 比值, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
湍流模型 文丘里管内平均速度 比值
Automatic 11.08 1.85
Smagorinsky 16.96 2.83
DSM 10.64 1.78
WALE 10.61 1.77
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基于结构优化的聚风装置流场特性数值研究
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徐恺 1 , 黄成 1 , 黄家庚 1
可再生能源 | 2024,42(3): 348-354
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(3): 348-354
基于结构优化的聚风装置流场特性数值研究
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徐恺1 , 黄成1, 黄家庚1
作者信息
  • 1 河南科技大学 机电工程学院 洛阳 471003
  • 徐恺(1979-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为机械装备设计与研发。E-mail:

Numerical research on flow field characteristics of wind gathering device based on structural optimization
Kai Xu1 , Cheng Huang1, Jiageng Huang1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechatronics Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China
出版时间: 2024-03-20
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INVELOX 风能发电是一种管道式风能采集系统,该系统可在多方向和低风速下获取风能,系统效率取决于来流风速和文丘里管平均风速的比值,即流速比 SR。文章基于 INVELOX 系统进行模型优化,设计了一种小型风能采集装置,使用基于格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)的流体力学计算软件 XFlow 对该装置在不同风速下的流场特性进行数值模拟,通过计算文丘里管內 SR 比值,得出其临界工作风速为3m/s。通过对VSR 图分析可知,随着流场风速的增大,该装置对环境中风速的增强作用随之增强。考虑现实环境的应用情况,以6m/s 作为流场风速,对水平和倾斜来流风向下的INVELOX 系统进行了仿真分析,得到不同攻角下文丘里管内工作段风速变化情况,为此类能源采集装置的工程应用提供参考。

风采集装置  /  流场特性  /  SR值  /  格子玻尔兹曼方法  /  INVELOX

The INVELOX wind power generation system is a kind of wind collection system with ducts, which can obtain wind power in multiple directions and at low wind speeds. The system efficiency depends on the ratio of the wind speed of incoming wind direction to the average wind speed of the venturi, that is, the velocity ratio SR. In this paper, model optimization was carried out based on INVELOX system, and taking the design of a small style wind collection device as the research object. The fluid dynamics calculation software XFlow based on Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was used to numerically simulate the flow field characteristics of the device at different wind speeds. By calculating the SR ratio in the Venturi tube, the critical working wind speed was 3 m/s. Through the analysis of the VSR diagram, it can be concluded that the device enhanced the wind speed in the environment with the increase of the wind speed in the flow field. At the same time, considering the application in the environment, taking 6 m/s as the wind speed of the flow field and carrying out the simulated analysis of the horizontal and oblique incoming wind to obtain the wind speed variation in the working section of the Venturi tube at different Angle of attack, which provides a reference for the engineering application of the energy acquisition device.

wind harvesting device  /  flow field characteristics  /  SR value  /  Lattice Boltzmann method  /  INVELOX
徐恺, 黄成, 黄家庚. 基于结构优化的聚风装置流场特性数值研究. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (3) : 348 -354 .
Kai Xu, Cheng Huang, Jiageng Huang. Numerical research on flow field characteristics of wind gathering device based on structural optimization[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (3) : 348 -354 .
我国风能资源丰富, 但目前采用的叶片式风电机对低风速不敏感,有效工作风速在 ${5.2}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 以上 [ 1 ] 。文献[ 2 ]提出了一种管道式风力发电系统,命名为 INVELOX, 该类管道式风能采集装置不需要安装涡轮机塔。
为了提高 INVELOX 系统工作效能,减小损失, 研究人员尝试了多种减小溢出的方法。为了提高 INVELOX 的气动性能,文献[ 3 ]设计了新型窗帘式结构, 并对两种帘式结构和它们的组合结构进行了数值模拟, 结果表明, 采用延长导流板的帘式结构对 INVELOX 系统中流速比(SR)有明显提高。文献[ 4 ]研究了结构几何参数对 INVELOX 气动性能的影响, 结果表明, 当进气口投影面积和文丘里管横截面积之比为 33.6 时达到最佳比,此时采用 ${6.7}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 作为流场风速时, ${SR}$ 值最大,约为 1.7。文献[ 5, 6 ] 通过安装单台、双台和三台风电机组对电学输出进行性能测试, 得出相同条件下每个风力涡轮机的输出电压和功率, 证明了涡轮机数量对总功率的非线性影响; 与传统风力机相比, 由于无需额外基础设施, 安装多台机组对使用成本没有显著提高。为解决 INVELOX 出口气流受自然风的阻碍,文献[ 7 ]采用 CFD 方法对 INVELOX 风力发电系统进、出口结构进行优化分析, 通过改变出口气流方向减小出口气流受自然风的阻碍。 上述研究对 INVELOX 系统有很大改进, 增强了对风的俘获效率, 但要实现真正意义的全方向风能俘获, 不仅要对不同夹角的水平来流风向进行流场分析, 还需要对系统的工作风速进行测定, 以及对来流风向与水平面成一定倾斜角时流场、不同工况下流场特性及 ${SR}$ 值进行分析。
本文设计了一种小型风能采集装置, 采集装置结构上采用了文献[ 3 ]的帘式结构, 采用计算流体软件 XFlow 对采集装置进行气动性仿真模拟。 由于无网格的格子玻尔兹曼方法可以在很大程度上节约前处理时间, 并避免因网格质量问题带来的计算误差, 因此, 本文采用无网格的格子玻尔兹曼方法对不同水平风向和倾斜风向下的文丘里管中的平均风速进行计算,分析不同夹角下的 ${SR}$ 值, 确定其满足工作要求的风向角度。最低工作风速是此类装置在现实环境中得到应用的关键因素,风速为 $2 \sim 5\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 的地区约占我国风能资源的 85%, INVELOX 系统对风速要求较低, 可广泛应用于低风速区域的风能采集。
本文设计的采集装置模型在三维制图软件 UG12.0 中以弯管上端圆中心点为坐标原点进行建模, 为方便在 XFlow 中对模型进行几何变换, 将该采集装置 ( 图 1 ) 分为上、下两个部分,上部分由聚风锥管、凸台和导流板组成, 下部分由文丘里管和一段 90°弯管组成,将模型保存为.STP 格式的三维实体导入 XFlow 中进行流场分析。
图 1 中,进气口高度为 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,上端长为 100 $\mathrm{{mm}}$ ,文丘里管工作段外径为 ${15}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 、内径为 14 $\mathrm{{mm}}$ ,整个装置所有薄壁厚度均为 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。该采集装置进风口面积与文丘里管工作段截面积之比为 32.48,与文献[ 3 ]中的最佳比值 33.6 十分接近, 有利于对环境中风的采集。
传统 CFD 通过有限元和有限体积法求解纳维 - 斯托克斯方程得到流场信息。本文采用的 XFlow 软件是基于格子玻尔兹曼方程模型, 描述的流体粒子具有一定的离散速度, 其分布函数为在固定的方格上的运动过程。该方程通常由流体粒子基于分布函数的演化方程、格子结构及离散速度集合 3 部分构成。在具有离散速度的连续空间介质中,格子玻尔兹曼方程 [ 8 ]
$\frac{\partial {f}_{i}}{\partial t}+ {e}_{i}\cdot \nabla {f}_{i}= {\Omega }_{i}, i = 0,1,\cdots , n $
式中: ${f}_{i}$ 为粒子密度分布函数; ${e}_{i}$ 为沿格子方向的速度; ${\Omega }_{i}$ 为碰撞作用算子; $n$ 为该 LBM 模型的不同格子速度总数。
Xflow 软件采用 D3Q27 模型进行计算,其中 3 表示维度, 27 表示该模型有 27 个速度向量。
为避免分辨率设置使网格数量不同带来的计算误差,本文采用 ${0.04},{0.05}\mathrm{\;m}$${0.06}\mathrm{\;m}3$ 种不同的远场分辨率, 加密方法采用近壁面自适应格子加密及尾流加密, 近壁面分辨率为远场分辨率的 $1/{16}$ 倍。在来流风速为 $6\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 的风场,3 组不同分辨率的文丘里管中的平均速度如 表 1 所示。
表 1 可知, 3 组网格下文丘里管内速度变化差别不大, 特别是中等和精细分辨率等级下的平均速度基本相同。在保证精度条件下, 为节约计算成本,采用中等分辨率等级作为后续计算依据。 其中远场分辨率为 ${0.05}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的文丘里管内的速度随时间变化曲线如 图 2 所示。
为进一步证实仿真可靠性, 本文采用的物理模型和入口流速与文献[ 3 ]基本保持一致, 并进行对比仿真验证。设置 $\lambda = 1\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,创建 Custom field 自定义函数, 并设置 Custom field 函数为流速比,即:
${SR}= \frac{\text{文丘里管内平均风速}}{\text{流场风速}}$
本文采用优化结构,由式 (2)得到的 ${SR}$ 约为 1.78 ,计算结果相较于文献[ 3 ]有小幅提高。通过对比发现,在凸台最下方进风口处以及下方聚风锥管周围的风速分布略有差异,上方凸台母线曲率的不同可能是造成文丘里管内 ${SR}$ 值较大的原因之一。文献 [ 9, 10 ] 对造成的原因做了分析和说明,比如扩散器截面几何变化、聚风锥管线型函数不确定性等。采集器工作段部分的速度云图和文丘里管扩散器周围流场特性与文献[ 3 ]基本一致。 图 3 为本文计算结果和文献[ 3 ]对称面内 ${SR}$ 云图。
基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的 XFlow 软件为用户提供的虚拟风洞可直接将.STP 型导入, 不需要划分网格, 预处理器可以根据输入几何和每个几何的分辨率生成原始的八叉树晶格结构, 当涡度达到阈值时, 网格会自动细化。因此, 需要定义 3 种分辨率:远场分辨率、尾迹分辨率和近壁分辨率 [ 11 ] 。本文选用 $3\mathrm{\;d}$ 流场,在文丘里管中心轴线位置建立插值点监控速度,仿真时间为 $5\mathrm{s}$ ,设置湍流强度为 $5\%$ ,计算域边界条件如 表 2 所示。
针对 XFlow 软件提供的 Automatic 模型、 Smagorinsky 模型、Dynamic Smagorinsky (DSM)模型、壁面自适应局部涡粘性模型(WALE)等不同湍流模型,以 $6\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 作为流场风速,计算不同模型下文丘里管内平均速度以及 ${SR}$ 比值 ( 表 3 )。
表 3 可知, 采用 Automatic 模型作为基准时,除 Smagorinsky 模型外, 其它湍流模型的误差均不超过 5%。依据软件用户手册及文献[ 12 ]中类似工程模拟,造成 Smagorinsky 模型误差较大的原因是,该模型与 DSM 模型具有较高的涡粘性和各向同性假设, 不能准确预测壁面附近流体流动。 WALE 模型在靠近和远离壁面以及层流和湍流的情况下均具有良好的特性, 因此, 在之后的计算中均采用 WALE 模型进行流场分析。
为测定该风能采集装置的工作效率,选取流场风速为 ${1.8}\sim {6.6}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,将此范围分为 16 个流场风速,每个流场风速间隔为 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 。在不同来流风速下对其进行流场特性仿真分析, 通过监测文丘里管内平均风速变化,得到不同风速场下 ${SR}$ 值。 对不同流场风速下的 ${SR}$ 值进行曲线拟合,并求出拟合曲线的斜率曲线, 该斜率可以表征采集装置对流场风速增强速率的快慢。不同流场风速下的 ${SR}$ 值、 ${SR}$ 值拟合曲线以及拟合曲线的斜率曲线如 图 4 所示。
图 4 可知: 当流场风速为 $3\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时, ${SR}$ 值在 1.03 左右,证明此风速下该风能采集装置对流场风速开始有增强作用;随着流场风速的增加,文丘里管内 ${SR}$ 值随流场风速的提高而随之增大, 证明系统对流场风速的增强效果愈加明显; 由斜率曲线可知,当流场风速为 ${2.1}\sim {4.2}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时, ${SR}$ 增速较大, 表明在低风速下该装置增强风速的效果更好,当流场风速达到 ${5.1}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ 后, ${SR}$ 的增长速率逐渐放缓,保持在 0.2 以内。
为探究风向的影响, 首先考虑水平方向的来流风。由于在水平方向上, 该装置为左右对称结构,因此计算了水平面内流场方向与文丘里管中心轴线夹角 $\alpha$$0 \sim {180}^{\circ }$${SR}$ 值的变化情况。将该平面内流场分为 13 个方向,水平夹角风向示意图如 图 5 所示。
$0 \sim {180}^{\circ }$ 风向下的 ${SR}$ 值做一个对称,即可得到 $-{180}^{\circ }$ (顺时针取正) 方向上不同水平风向角下的 ${SR}$ 值 ( 图 6 )。
图 6 可知:当水平风向夹角为 $-{60}\sim {60}^{\circ }$ 时, ${SR}$ 值均在 1.5 以上,证明该装置对流场中风速增强作用较强;当夹角继续变大,这种增强作用开始降低,特别是当夹角达到 ${105}^{\circ }$ 以后, ${SR}$ 值小于 1,无法实现对环境中来流风加速的效果,造成该情况的主要原因是文丘里管扩散段内产生了风倒灌, 这是此类风电系统在广泛应用中亟需解决的主要问题之一。
结合现实环境中风可能存在的来流方向, 计算了来流风向与风能采集装置的水平面倾斜角 $\beta$ 取值为 0~360 ${}^{\circ }$ 时不同风向的 ${SR}$ 值 ( 图 7 )。将 ${360}^{\circ }$ 均匀分为 24 个方向,即每个方向夹角为 ${15}^{\circ }$ ,流场风速设置为 $6\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,不同倾斜角下的 ${SR}$ 值如 图 8 所示。
图 8 可知:当倾斜角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ 时,该采集装置增速效果最好;当倾斜角为 0~45 ${}^{\circ }$${315}\sim {360}^{\circ }$ 时, 该装置对风速有增强作用; 当来流风向在其它倾斜角度下, ${SR}$ 值小于 1,在第三象限内的角度下, ${SR}$ 值为负值。倾斜风向下,文丘里管内速度有一定幅度的波动, 特别是在第三象限角度下, 其原因是复杂的, 主要是受流场风向及流场压强影响。
针对影响风速变化的主要因素, 图 9 ,10 分别给出了倾斜风向角为 ${30}^{\circ }$${225}^{\circ }$ 时瞬时速度矢量图及瞬时压力场云图。
通过对流场特性的对比分析可知, 影响文丘里管内 ${SR}$ 值变化的原因主要有以下几点。
①人口风向投影面积的影响。当倾斜角为 0~ ${45}^{\circ }$ 时,文丘里管内风速会随着入口风向投影面积的减小而减小[ 图 9(a)],此时风的流向有利于将风送入文丘里管内,因此在该角度区间内风能采集装置对流场风速有较高的提升。
②流场风向的影响。当倾斜角为 ${90}\sim {270}^{\circ }$ 时, 随着倾斜角不断变大[ 图 9(b)], 流场内风的流向与该装置原理上出口风向相反,流场内风的流向不利于风从入口处流进文丘里管内,文丘里管内速度小于流场风速,当倾斜角超过 105 ${}^{\circ }$ 后风倒灌,文丘里管内 ${SR}$ 值为负值。
③进、出口附近压强的影响。通过对 图 10 瞬时压力场分析可知,不同角度下来流风使装置进、 出口附近产生不同的压强,当倾斜角为 ${180}\sim {270}^{\circ }$ 时, 由于背风面附近风的流速快, 导致入口处压强小,迎风面出口侧形成高压区,在压力差作用下, 风从出口处流入,此时文丘里管内风向为反方向, 且风速较高。
风向的改变对文丘里管工作段风速影响较大,实际使用过程中应结合环境中的风向,在达到工作风速条件下, 对该装置进行合理的安装, 以达到装置最大工作效率。
本文采用基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的流体力学软件 XFlow 对优化设计的风能采集装置进行流场特性研究, 计算不同风速下文丘里管内风速的变化,并对该装置在不同水平风向夹角和倾斜风向夹角下文丘里管内平均速度变化进行计算, 得到以下结论。
①通过案例对比,证实了采用基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的流体力学软件 XFlow 对所设计的风能采集装置进行流场分析的可行性。
②计算了风能采集装置在不同流场风速下对应的 ${SR}$ 值,反映出不同风速下其对风速的增强能力的变化, ${0}^{\circ }$ 水平风向下最低工作风速为 $3\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ , 且增强能力随着流场风速的增加而增加。
③在风速为 $6\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 环境中,计算了风能采集装置在不同水平和倾斜风向夹角下的 ${SR}$ 值。分析了不同夹角对文丘里管内风速增强效果的影响,给出了增强作用时 $\left({{SR}> 1}\right)$ 水平风向夹角 $\alpha$ 以及倾斜风向夹角 $\beta$ 的取值范围。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51205108)
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  • 接收时间:2022-06-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-17
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51205108)
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    1 河南科技大学 机电工程学院 洛阳 471003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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