Article(id=1154429039658918211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429037721146272, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1662048000000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753166931309, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1710864000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753166931309, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753166931309, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753166931309, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154429037721146272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='284', pageEnd='426', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753166930847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694626061, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642351918469663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429037721146272, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642351918469664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154429037721146272, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=317, endPage=322, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154429040074154309, articleId=1154429039658918211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Thermal performance of thermochemical reactor based on 5 kW solar simulator, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A solar thermochemical reactor was designed based on a 5 kW non coaxial concentrator simulator, and a mathematical model of the thermal performance of the reactor under concentrated irradiation was established. The model was used to calculate the influence of solar simulator power, material emissivity of reactor inner wall, working pressure and inlet velocity on the temperature distribution in the reactor. The results show that increasing the power of the solar simulator and the emissivity of the inner wall of the reactor will increase the temperature distribution of the reactor centerline. At the same inlet velocity, the temperature distribution of reactor centerline increases with the increase of working pressure. Under the same working pressure, the temperature distribution of reactor centerline increases with the increase of inlet velocity. The research results have certain reference significance for reactor parameter optimization and thermal stress analysis.

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文章基于5kW 非共轴聚光型模拟器自行设计了太阳能热化学反应器,并建立了聚集辐照下反应器热性能数学模型。采用该模型计算并探究了太阳能模拟器功率、反应器内壁材料发射率、工作压力和进气速度对反应器内温度分布的影响规律。结果表明:增加太阳能模拟器功率以及反应器内壁面发射率将导致沿反应器中心线分布的温度升高;在同一进气速度下,随着工作压力的增加,沿反应器中心线分布的温度会升高;在同一工作压力下,随着进气速度的增加,沿反应器中心线分布的温度也会升高。该研究结果对反应器参数优化及其热应力分析具有一定的参考意义。

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姚鑫(1991-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为太阳能利用、渣粒余热回收。E-mail:
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黄兴(1986-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为太阳能中高温热利用。E-mail:

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黄兴(1986-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为太阳能中高温热利用。E-mail:

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黄兴(1986-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为太阳能中高温热利用。E-mail:

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参数 数值
总长度 ${L}_{1}$ 120
总直径 ${\phi }_{1}$ 94
采光口直径 ${\phi }_{2}$ 80
进气口直径 ${\phi }_{3}$ 5
出气口直径 ${\phi }_{4}$ 8
热电偶直径 ${\phi }_{5}$ 7
多孔区域长度 ${L}_{2}$ 50
多孔区域直径 ${\phi }_{6}$ 40
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参数 数值
总长度 ${L}_{1}$ 120
总直径 ${\phi }_{1}$ 94
采光口直径 ${\phi }_{2}$ 80
进气口直径 ${\phi }_{3}$ 5
出气口直径 ${\phi }_{4}$ 8
热电偶直径 ${\phi }_{5}$ 7
多孔区域长度 ${L}_{2}$ 50
多孔区域直径 ${\phi }_{6}$ 40
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参数 数值
模拟器功率 $P/\mathrm{{kW}}$ 2~5
气体入口速度 $V/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 0.002 ~0.005
压力/MPa 0.1 ~2.0
气体入口温度 $T/\mathrm{K}$ 300
内壁材料发射率 0.2~0.5
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参数 数值
模拟器功率 $P/\mathrm{{kW}}$ 2~5
气体入口速度 $V/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 0.002 ~0.005
压力/MPa 0.1 ~2.0
气体入口温度 $T/\mathrm{K}$ 300
内壁材料发射率 0.2~0.5
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材料 定压比热容 导热系数
空气(理想气体) ${1.06} \times {10}^{3} - {0.449T} + {1.14} \times {10}^{-3}{T}^{2} - 8 \times {10}^{-7}{T}^{3} + {1.93} \times {10}^{-{10}}{T}^{4}$ $- {3.93} \times {10}^{-3} + {1.02} \times {10}^{-4}T - {4.86} \times {10}^{-8}{T}^{2} + {1.52} \times {10}^{-{11}}{T}^{3}$
${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 3 960 $- {136.09} + {4.44T} - {2.87} \times {10}^{-3}{T}^{2} + {3.88} \times {10}^{-6}{T}^{3}$ ${35.25} - {0.035T} + {1.34} \times {10}^{-5}{T}^{2}$
石英玻璃 $\left( {\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}\right)$ 2 200 0.966 2.09
), ArticleFig(id=1154429079915848181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154429039658918211, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=相关材料的主要物性参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 定压比热容 导热系数
空气(理想气体) ${1.06} \times {10}^{3} - {0.449T} + {1.14} \times {10}^{-3}{T}^{2} - 8 \times {10}^{-7}{T}^{3} + {1.93} \times {10}^{-{10}}{T}^{4}$ $- {3.93} \times {10}^{-3} + {1.02} \times {10}^{-4}T - {4.86} \times {10}^{-8}{T}^{2} + {1.52} \times {10}^{-{11}}{T}^{3}$
${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 3 960 $- {136.09} + {4.44T} - {2.87} \times {10}^{-3}{T}^{2} + {3.88} \times {10}^{-6}{T}^{3}$ ${35.25} - {0.035T} + {1.34} \times {10}^{-5}{T}^{2}$
石英玻璃 $\left( {\mathrm{{SiO}}}_{2}\right)$ 2 200 0.966 2.09
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基于5kW太阳能模拟器的热化学反应器热性能研究
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黄兴 , 高方林 , 李珍珍 , 姚鑫
可再生能源 | 2024,42(3): 317-322
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(3): 317-322
基于5kW太阳能模拟器的热化学反应器热性能研究
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黄兴 , 高方林, 李珍珍, 姚鑫
作者信息
  • 1 华北理工大学 冶金与能源学院 唐山 063210
  • 黄兴(1986-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为太阳能中高温热利用。E-mail:

通讯作者:

姚鑫(1991-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为太阳能利用、渣粒余热回收。E-mail:
Thermal performance of thermochemical reactor based on 5 kW solar simulator
Xing Huang , Fanglin Gao, Zhenzhen Li, Xin Yao
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Metallurgy and Energy North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063210 China
出版时间: 2024-03-20
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文章基于5kW 非共轴聚光型模拟器自行设计了太阳能热化学反应器,并建立了聚集辐照下反应器热性能数学模型。采用该模型计算并探究了太阳能模拟器功率、反应器内壁材料发射率、工作压力和进气速度对反应器内温度分布的影响规律。结果表明:增加太阳能模拟器功率以及反应器内壁面发射率将导致沿反应器中心线分布的温度升高;在同一进气速度下,随着工作压力的增加,沿反应器中心线分布的温度会升高;在同一工作压力下,随着进气速度的增加,沿反应器中心线分布的温度也会升高。该研究结果对反应器参数优化及其热应力分析具有一定的参考意义。

太阳能热化学反应器  /  太阳能模拟器  /  数值模拟  /  温度分布

A solar thermochemical reactor was designed based on a 5 kW non coaxial concentrator simulator, and a mathematical model of the thermal performance of the reactor under concentrated irradiation was established. The model was used to calculate the influence of solar simulator power, material emissivity of reactor inner wall, working pressure and inlet velocity on the temperature distribution in the reactor. The results show that increasing the power of the solar simulator and the emissivity of the inner wall of the reactor will increase the temperature distribution of the reactor centerline. At the same inlet velocity, the temperature distribution of reactor centerline increases with the increase of working pressure. Under the same working pressure, the temperature distribution of reactor centerline increases with the increase of inlet velocity. The research results have certain reference significance for reactor parameter optimization and thermal stress analysis.

solar thermochemical reaction  /  solar simulator  /  numerical simulation  /  temperature distribution
黄兴, 高方林, 李珍珍, 姚鑫. 基于5kW太阳能模拟器的热化学反应器热性能研究. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (3) : 317 -322 .
Xing Huang, Fanglin Gao, Zhenzhen Li, Xin Yao. Thermal performance of thermochemical reactor based on 5 kW solar simulator[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (3) : 317 -322 .
随着人类日益增长的能源需求以及能源危机的出现,急需开发可再生能源作为替代能源 [ 1 ] 。合成气是一种高效、清洁以及可持续的能源,其产量能够满足人类的需求 [ 2 ] 。通过太阳能驱动太阳能热化学反应器,制取合成气越来越受到人们的关注 [ 3 ] 。反应器在合成气生产过程中提供反应场所, 其性能对热化学反应起到至关重要的作用。其中, 反应器热性能对热化学反应效率有很大影响, 通过改变操作条件等可以优化反应器热性能。这些研究得到国内外学者们的广泛关注。
一些学者研究了反应器的物理参数, 例如操作温度、压力、进气速度以及太阳能热化学反应器物性参数对反应器性能的影响。李嘉宝 [ 4 ] 以塔式太阳能热发电站中的圆柱形外露管式吸热器为研究对象进行数值建模,研究了辐射热流密度、熔盐流量、熔盐进口温度和环境风速等参数对吸热器动态特性的影响, 结果表明, 熔盐出口温度主要受到辐射热流密度、熔盐进口温度和熔盐流量的影响,环境风速影响较小。Bachirou G L [ 5 ] 研究了辐照强度、质量流量、传热系数和内腔壁面发射系数对多孔介质太阳能热化学反应器的影响, 结果表明, 温度的大幅度降低主要是由辐射、传导和对流导致的热损。通过分析这些参数对反应器温度分布的影响, 可以优化太阳能热化学反应器温度分布。 大多研究者只是假设采光口入口温度等条件, 本文则是通过实验测得热流密度, 然后将热流密度加载到反应器中, 通过理论计算得出操作条件等因素对反应器热性能的影响。
本文为 $5\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 非共轴聚光型模拟器自行设计了热化学反应器, 利用数值模拟方法研究了影响反应器内部温度分布的有关参数,其中包括:太阳能模拟器功率、反应器内壁材料发射率、工作压力和入口速度等,不仅可以优化反应器内温度分布, 还可以为后续的反应器热应力分析奠定基础。
图 1 为基于 $5\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 太阳能模拟器设计的热化学反应器。主要结构尺寸见 表 1 。反应器主要包括石英玻璃、进气口、出气口、热电偶、反应腔以及保温层等结构。太阳能模拟器聚焦的光线经过采光口进入反应器内部, 其产生的热量为热化学反应提供热源。进气口采取轴向对称布置,不仅可以达到清洁石英玻璃的目的, 还可以起到防止其冷却炸裂的作用。反应器反应腔以外是由 ${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 陶瓷构成的保温层,其导热能力直接影响保温效果。光线通过采光口进入反应器内部,在 ${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 陶瓷内表面发生反射、散射、吸收等现象。
反应器热性能模拟过程中使用质量守恒、动量守恒和能量守恒定律等 [ 6 ]
①连续性方程
质量守恒定律在流体力学中的具体表达形式是连续性方程, 即流体作为连续性介质在流动过程中, 不仅没有新流体质量产生也没有原流体质量被消耗。
$\frac{\partial \rho }{\partial t}+ \nabla \cdot \left({\rho \overrightarrow{u}}\right)= 0 $
式中: $\rho$ 为流体密度, $\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3};t$ 为时间, $\mathrm{s};\nabla$ 为汉密尔算子; $\overrightarrow{u}$ 为速度矢量, $\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$
②动量方程
系统内流体动量与时间的变化率等于外力作用在系统上的矢量和,即:
$\rho \frac{\mathrm{d}\overrightarrow{u}}{\mathrm{\;d}t}= {\rho f}- \nabla P +\nabla \cdot {\tau }_{ij}$
式中: $f$ 为表面力, $\mathrm{N};P$ 为静压, $\mathrm{{Pa}};{\tau }_{ij}$ 为作用在微元六面体上的粘性应力张量, cSt。
③能量守恒方程
在热力学系统中能量守恒定义为: 微元体内热力学能增加率等于进入微元体的净热流量及体积力与表面力对微元体做的功,其表达式为
$\frac{\partial }{\partial t}\left({\rho h}\right)+ \frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left({\rho {u}_{i}h}\right)= \frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left({k +{k}_{\mathrm{t}}}\right)\frac{\partial T}{\partial {x}_{i}}+ {S}_{1}$
式中: $h$ 为流体的比焓, $\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{{kg}};{x}_{i}$$i$ 方向上的位移, $\mathrm{m};{u}_{i}$$i$ 方向的速度, $\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s};T$ 为温度, $\mathrm{K};k$ 为分子导热率, $\mathrm{W}/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{k}}\right);{k}_{\mathrm{t}}$ 为由于湍流扩散引起的导热率, $\mathrm{W}/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{k}}\right);{S}_{\mathrm{h}}$ 为所定义的体积热源, $\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$
④辐射传热方程
由于本文研究反应腔光学厚度较小, 因此在模拟太阳能热化学反应器内部温度分布时采用 DO 辐射模型, 其表达式如下:
$\frac{\mathrm{d}I\left({\overrightarrow{r},\overrightarrow{s}}\right)}{\mathrm{d}s}+ \left({\alpha +{\sigma }_{s}}\right) I\left({\overrightarrow{r},\overrightarrow{s}}\right)= \\\alpha {n}^{2}\frac{\sigma {T}^{4}}{\pi }+ \frac{{\sigma }_{s}}{4\pi }{\int }_{0}^{4\pi }I\left({\overrightarrow{r},\overrightarrow{s}}\right)\Phi \left({\overrightarrow{s},{\overrightarrow{s}}^{\prime }}\right)\mathrm{d}{\Omega }^{\prime }$
式中: $\overrightarrow{r}$ 为位置向量; $\overrightarrow{s}$ 为方向向量; $I$ 为辐射强度, $\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{{sr}}$ ,依赖于 $\overrightarrow{r}$$\overrightarrow{s};\Phi$ 为相位函数; ${\overrightarrow{s}}^{\prime }$ 为散射方向; $\alpha$ 为吸收系数; $s$ 为行程长度, $\mathrm{m};{\sigma }_{s}$ 为散射系数; $n$ 为折射系数; $\sigma$ 为斯蒂芬一玻尔兹曼常数; ${\Omega }^{\prime }$ 为空间立体角,sr [ 7 ]
在模拟反应器温度分布过程中, 采光口入口热量拟合为“双高斯”的热流,进气口采用速度入口,出气口采用压力出口,其中 2.4 kW 模拟器功率热流是通过实验获得的。汇聚光斑直径为 60 $\mathrm{{mm}}$ 时,水平和竖直方向上的热流密度曲线见 图 2 。在模拟过程中其他相关计算参数见 表 2
通过实验数据可以拟合出“双高斯”能量密度公式 (5),再利用自定义 $\mathrm{{udf}}$ 加载到反应器模型中 [ 8 ]
${q}_{\mathrm{w}}= \left\{\begin{array}{l}{q}_{0}+ {q}_{\mathrm{{peak}}}\times \exp \left\lbrack {-{0.5}\times {\left(\frac{r +{r}_{\mathrm{c}}}{\omega }\right)}^{2}}\right\rbrack ,{r}_{\mathrm{c}}\leq 0 \\{q}_{0}+ {q}_{\mathrm{{peak}}}\times \exp \left\lbrack {-{0.5}\times {\left(\frac{r -{r}_{\mathrm{c}}}{\omega }\right)}^{2}}\right\rbrack ,{r}_{\mathrm{c}}> 0 \end{array}\right.$
式中: ${q}_{\mathrm{w}},{q}_{0},{q}_{\text{peak }}$ 分别为热流密度、热流密度最小值、热流密度最大值, $\mathrm{{kW}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2};r$ 为热流密度坐标, $\mathrm{m};{r}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为热流密度峰值坐标, $\mathrm{m};\omega$ 为标准方差。
反应器进行模拟时主要相关材料包括石英玻璃 ${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ 陶瓷、空气,由于不考虑化学反应的影响,用空气(理想气体)代替载气。其相关材料的主要物性参数见表 3 [ 9- 11 ]
本文模型通过建模软件 SpaceClaim 进行绘制, 然后将模型导入 ICEM CFD 进行网格绘制。由于模拟的区域为复杂的三维结构, 对其进行结构化网格划分非常困难,因此选用非结构化网格划分。最后在 Fluent 中进行数值模拟,模拟过程中相关残差收敛标准均设定为 ${10}^{-6}$ 。当网格数量为 2050 436 和 3 789 754 时, 二者模拟的反应器温度分布结果一致。为了达到计算结果的准确性并避免非必要计算, 选取网格数量为 2050 436 进行模拟计算。
为验证本文所建反应器热性能模型的准确性,采用文献[ 8 ]的计算参数,对比研究了反应器内温度分布,计算结果见图 3 [ 11 ]
图 3 可知, 本文模型计算结果与文献计算结果分布趋势一致, 吻合较好。本文模型可用于后续的反应器热性能研究。
当气体入口速度为 0.005m/s、气体入口温度为 ${300}\mathrm{\;K}$ 、工作压力为 ${0.1}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,太阳能模拟器功率对反应器温度分布的影响如 图 4 所示。
图 4 可知, 随着模拟器功率的增加, 沿反应器中心线分布的温度随之上升。模拟器功率由 2 $\mathrm{{kW}}$ 增加到 $5\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ ,反应器石英玻璃位置温度由 ${716.66}\mathrm{\;K}$ 增加至 ${963.23}\mathrm{\;K}$ ,且反应器整体温度升高。造成这一结果的原因是随着模拟器功率的增加, 聚焦光斑的能量增加, 即进入反应器内部的能量越多,反应器温度越高。可以通过改变模拟器功率,直接控制反应器达到实验所需温度。
当模拟器功率为 ${2.4}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 、气体入口速度为 ${0.005}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 、气体入口温度为 ${300}\mathrm{\;K}$ 、工作压力为 ${0.1}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,反应器内壁材料发射率对反应器温度分布的影响如 图 5 所示。
图 5 可以看到, 随着发射率的增加, 沿反应器中心线分布温度升高。发射率由 0.2 增加到 0.5 时,反应器石英玻璃位置温度由 ${804.23}\mathrm{\;K}$ 增加至 ${830.50}\mathrm{\;K}$ ,且反应器整体温度升高。造成这一结果的原因是随着反应腔壁面发射率增加, 反应腔对入射光线的吸收增加,光线所携带的能量被反应腔吸收,导致温度上升 [ 11 ] 。从 图 5 中还可以看出, 随着反应器中心线距离的增加, 反应器温度分布均呈现出先平缓然后逐渐降低的趋势。 造成这一结果的原因是前端为石英玻璃, 其导热系数高, 所以温度分布均匀; 越过石英玻璃后, 随着中心线距离的增加, 部分能量被腔体吸收和壁面辐射造成了能量损失 [ 12 ] ,这些因素导致了温度逐渐降低。
当模拟器功率为 ${2.4}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 、气体入口温度为 ${300}\mathrm{\;K}$ 、工作压力为 ${0.1}\sim {2.0}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 、气体入口速度分别为 ${0.002},{0.005}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时,反应器工作压力对反应器温度分布的影响如 图 6 所示。
图 6 可知, 在相同进气速度、不同工作压力下,反应器中心线温度分布不同。进气速度为 ${0.002}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时,不同工作压力对沿反应器中心线的温度分布影响不大;进气速度为 ${0.005}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时,不同工作压力对太阳能热化学反应器中心线的温度分布影响明显。可见,工作压力对反应器温度分布有影响,且高工作压力下的影响更显著。
在模拟器功率为 ${2.4}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 、气体入口速度为 0.002~0.005 m/s、气体入口温度为 ${300}\mathrm{\;K}$ 、工作压力分别为 ${0.5},{2.0}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 情况下,反应器进气速度对反应器温度分布的影响如 图 7 所示。
图 7 可知,在相同工作压力、不同进气速度下,反应器中心线温度分布不同。工作压力为 0.5 $\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,不同进气速度对反应器中心线的温度分布影响不大;工作压力为 ${2.0}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,不同进气速度对反应器中心线的温度分布影响明显。可见, 进气速度对反应器温度分布有影响, 且高进气速度下的影响更显著 [ 13 ]
本文为 $5\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 非共轴聚光型模拟器自行设计了太阳能热化学反应器, 建立了聚集辐照下反应器热性能模型, 研究了不同太阳能模拟器功率、反应器内壁材料发射率、工作压力以及进气速度对反应器温度分布的影响。通过研究,本文得到以下主要结论。
①随着太阳能模拟器功率的增大,模拟器提供给反应器更多的能量, 沿反应器中心线分布的温度相应升高。
②反应腔内壁材料的发射率越大, 吸收的能量越多,沿反应器中心线分布温度越高。随着反应器中心线距离的增加, 分布的温度均呈现出先平缓然后逐渐降低的趋势。
③在同一进气速度下,随着工作压力的增加, 沿反应器中心线分布的温度升高, 并且高工作压力对反应器中心线的温度分布影响显著。
④在同一工作压力下,随着进气速度的增加, 沿反应器中心线分布的温度升高, 并且高进气速度对反应器中心线温度分布影响显著。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52102247)
  • 河北省青年基金项目(E2021209106)
  • 唐山市人才资助项目(A202110039)
  • 唐山市科技计划项目(21130207C)
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  • 接收时间:2022-09-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-02
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52102247)
河北省青年基金项目(E2021209106)
唐山市人才资助项目(A202110039)
唐山市科技计划项目(21130207C)
作者信息
    1 华北理工大学 冶金与能源学院 唐山 063210

通讯作者:

姚鑫(1991-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为太阳能利用、渣粒余热回收。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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