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Based on the practical problems, a dynamic model of 6.7 MW wind turbine was established, and the influence of opening trailing edge of 0, 0.1%c, 0.3%c, 0.5%c on blade aerodynamics was investigated by CFD and BEM. The result shows that the lift coefficient and liftdrag ratio of the airfoil significantly increase with the increase of the opening trailing edge; the drag coefficient is almost unchanged before stall, but slightly changed after stall; the stall angle of the airfoil is 12° and the position of the stall separation point of the airfoil moves slightly backward. Otherwise, under the influence of turbulent wind, the blade deformation and axial force increased slightly, and the maximum power generation increased by 0.88%.

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基于工程应用中翼型尾缘开口对风力机叶片气动特性的影响,文章建立了6.7 MW 水平轴风力机动力学模型,采用CFD和BEM 联合仿真的方法探究了翼型尾缘开口为0,0.1%c,0.3%,0.5%c时对风力机叶片气动特性的影响。结果表明:随着尾缘开口的增加,翼型的升力系数、升阻比具有一定程度的增加;阻力系数在失速前几乎不变,失速后略微变化;翼型发生失速的角度为12°,不同开口翼型失速分离点的位置略向后缘移动。此外,在3D湍流风作用下,大型叶片变形和轴向力均略微增大,发电量最大增加了0.88%。

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程帅兵(1991-),男,博士研究生,助理研究员,研究方向为风力机动力学。E-mail:

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2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Offshore Wind Turbine Blade Design and Manufacture Technology Lianyungang 222006 China
3 School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154428930791563401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428862764147130, authorId=1154428930627985539, language=CN, stringName=程帅兵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 连云港中复连众复合材料集团有限公司 江苏 连云港 222006
2 江苏省海上风电叶片设计与制造技术重点实验室 江苏 连云港 222006
3 同济大学 航空航天与力学学院 上海 200092, bio={"content":"

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程帅兵(1991-),男,博士研究生,助理研究员,研究方向为风力机动力学。E-mail:

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参数 数值
设计等级 IECIIB
额定功率/kW 6700
额定转速/ $\mathrm{r} \cdot {\mathrm{{min}}}^{-1}$ 352
控制方式 变桨变速
叶轮直径/m 194.2
叶片数量/片 3
轮毂高度/m 122.4
叶片安装角/( ${}^{ \circ }$ ) 2
锥角/(°) 7
仰角/(°) 7
切入风速 $/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 3
切出风速 $/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 25
), ArticleFig(id=1154428935304634649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428862764147130, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=风力机组基本参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
设计等级 IECIIB
额定功率/kW 6700
额定转速/ $\mathrm{r} \cdot {\mathrm{{min}}}^{-1}$ 352
控制方式 变桨变速
叶轮直径/m 194.2
叶片数量/片 3
轮毂高度/m 122.4
叶片安装角/( ${}^{ \circ }$ ) 2
锥角/(°) 7
仰角/(°) 7
切入风速 $/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 3
切出风速 $/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 25
), ArticleFig(id=1154428935375937819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428862764147130, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Optimal ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ in different trailing edge openings, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
尾缘开口 最优 功率提升
标准 0.423 7
0.1% 0.424 9 0.28
0.3% 0.4264 0.63
0.5% 0.427 5 0.88
), ArticleFig(id=1154428935447240989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428862764147130, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=不同尾缘开口的最优 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
尾缘开口 最优 功率提升
标准 0.423 7
0.1% 0.424 9 0.28
0.3% 0.4264 0.63
0.5% 0.427 5 0.88
), ArticleFig(id=1154428935547904287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428862764147130, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Optimal ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ in different trailing edge openings, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
尾缘开口 挥舞变形 摆振变形
标准 20.29 6.01
0.1% 20.17 6.02
0.3% 20.29 6.05
0.5% 20.45 6.08
), ArticleFig(id=1154428935598235937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428862764147130, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=不同尾缘开口的最优 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
尾缘开口 挥舞变形 摆振变形
标准 20.29 6.01
0.1% 20.17 6.02
0.3% 20.29 6.05
0.5% 20.45 6.08
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翼型尾缘开口对风力机叶片气动特性的影响
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程帅兵 1, 2, 3 , 陈德龙 1 , 宗旺旺 1 , 于永峰 1, 2 , 黄辉秀 1, 2
可再生能源 | 2024,42(10): 1348-1354
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(10): 1348-1354
翼型尾缘开口对风力机叶片气动特性的影响
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程帅兵1, 2, 3 , 陈德龙1, 宗旺旺1, 于永峰1, 2, 黄辉秀1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 连云港中复连众复合材料集团有限公司 江苏 连云港 222006
  • 2 江苏省海上风电叶片设计与制造技术重点实验室 江苏 连云港 222006
  • 3 同济大学 航空航天与力学学院 上海 200092
  • 程帅兵(1991-),男,博士研究生,助理研究员,研究方向为风力机动力学。E-mail:

Influence of aerodynamic performance on airfoil opening trailing edge of wind turbine blades
Shuaibing Cheng1, 2, 3 , Delong Chen1, Wangwang Zong1, Yongfeng Yu1, 2, huixiu Huang1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Lianyungang Zhongfu Lianzhong Composites Group Co., Ltd. Lianyungang 222006 China
  • 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Offshore Wind Turbine Blade Design and Manufacture Technology Lianyungang 222006 China
  • 3 School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
出版时间: 2024-10-20
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基于工程应用中翼型尾缘开口对风力机叶片气动特性的影响,文章建立了6.7 MW 水平轴风力机动力学模型,采用CFD和BEM 联合仿真的方法探究了翼型尾缘开口为0,0.1%c,0.3%,0.5%c时对风力机叶片气动特性的影响。结果表明:随着尾缘开口的增加,翼型的升力系数、升阻比具有一定程度的增加;阻力系数在失速前几乎不变,失速后略微变化;翼型发生失速的角度为12°,不同开口翼型失速分离点的位置略向后缘移动。此外,在3D湍流风作用下,大型叶片变形和轴向力均略微增大,发电量最大增加了0.88%。

翼型  /  升力系数  /  升阻比  /  失速分离点  /  叶片变形

Based on the practical problems, a dynamic model of 6.7 MW wind turbine was established, and the influence of opening trailing edge of 0, 0.1%c, 0.3%c, 0.5%c on blade aerodynamics was investigated by CFD and BEM. The result shows that the lift coefficient and liftdrag ratio of the airfoil significantly increase with the increase of the opening trailing edge; the drag coefficient is almost unchanged before stall, but slightly changed after stall; the stall angle of the airfoil is 12° and the position of the stall separation point of the airfoil moves slightly backward. Otherwise, under the influence of turbulent wind, the blade deformation and axial force increased slightly, and the maximum power generation increased by 0.88%.

airfoil  /  lift coefficient  /  lift-drag ratio  /  stall separation point  /  blade deformation
程帅兵, 陈德龙, 宗旺旺, 于永峰, 黄辉秀. 翼型尾缘开口对风力机叶片气动特性的影响. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (10) : 1348 -1354 .
Shuaibing Cheng, Delong Chen, Wangwang Zong, Yongfeng Yu, huixiu Huang. Influence of aerodynamic performance on airfoil opening trailing edge of wind turbine blades[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (10) : 1348 -1354 .
叶片是风力机捕获能量的核心部件, 其翼型和气动布局直接影响叶片的气动特性 [ 1 ] 。在工程应用上,随着叶片逐渐变长变柔,进而导致叶片气动特性变弱 [ 2 ] 。而在叶片的实际生产过程中,将翼型变为钝尾又是必不可少的工作, 因此, 在设计长叶片的过程中, 须要探究翼型尾缘开口对叶片气动性能的影响。
针对二维翼型, 文献[ 3 ]采用 3 种不同的湍流模型对 NACA0018 翼型进行了气动仿真,并分析了 3 种模型模拟情况下的差异性。文献[ 4 ]研究了前缘添加辅助小翼后,在不同攻角下 S809 翼型的气动特性,给出了增加小翼后,不同攻角下升阻力系数及失速分离的变化规律。文献[ 5 ]通过凹变参数的合理选择实现了叶面流动分离的有益控制和叶片气动性能的有效提升,为叶面流动分离控制提供了新的分析思路和解决方案。文献[ 6 ]基于升力线和三角翼理论,考虑了叶片间相互影响,建立了反向旋转、由三角翼构成的阵列式 VGs 的参数化涡模型,给出了三角翼的最大环量值计算方法, 以源项加入 $\mathrm{N}- \mathrm{S}$ 方程,用于模拟 $\mathrm{{VGs}}$ 对叶片气动性能的影响。文献[ 7 ]使用 XFOIL 软件对修型前、 后翼型的气动性能进行了分析, 翼型加厚对风轮气动性能影响不大,对风轮 1~3 阶振动频率有显著的提升效应。
目前,有关翼型开口对叶片气动性能影响的研究较少,开口大小对叶片影响的研究还有待补充。在实际生产中, 将尖尾翼型改造成钝尾翼型是生产工艺必经的流程。兼顾生产工艺的可行性, 本文利用 CFD 与 BEM 理论研究翼型尾缘开口位置(距离后缘 10%弦长的位置)的不同对风力机长叶片气动特性的影响,并分析了其对叶片变形的影响。
在风力机叶片正常运行时, 因受到的外流马赫数较低, 所以将空气视为不可压缩流体, 同时考虑到空气的粘性, 二维翼型的不可压缩流体粘性 $\mathrm{N}- \mathrm{S}$ 方程为 [ 8 ]
$\frac{\partial {u}_{x}}{\partial x}+ \frac{\partial {u}_{y}}{\partial y}= 0 $
${u}_{x}\frac{\partial {u}_{x}}{\partial x}+ {u}_{y}\frac{\partial {u}_{x}}{\partial y}= -\frac{1}{\rho }\cdot \frac{\partial p}{\partial x}+ v\left({\frac{{\partial }^{2}{u}_{x}}{\partial {u}^{2}}+ \frac{{\partial }^{2}{u}_{x}}{\partial {y}^{2}}}\right)$
${u}_{x}\frac{\partial {u}_{y}}{\partial x}+ {u}_{y}\frac{\partial {u}_{y}}{\partial y}= -\frac{1}{\rho }\cdot \frac{\partial p}{\partial y}+ v\left({\frac{{\partial }^{2}{u}_{y}}{\partial {u}^{2}}+ \frac{{\partial }^{2}{u}_{y}}{\partial {y}^{2}}}\right)$
式中: $x, y$ 分别为坐标系中的 $x$ 轴和 $y$ 轴; ${u}_{x},{u}_{y}$ 分别为速度在两个坐标轴上的分量; $v$ 为运动粘度; $p$ 为流体在边界层上的压力。
为了能够精准地捕捉壁面流动分离, 本文选用 SST- $k -\omega$ 模型。该模型解释了湍流剪切应力的传递过程,提高了逆压梯度流的计算精度 [ 9 ] 。湍流模型的运输计算式为 [ 10 ]
$\frac{\partial k}{\partial t}+ {u}_{i}\frac{\partial k}{\partial {x}_{i}}= \frac{1}{\rho }\cdot {p}_{k}- {\beta k\omega }+ \frac{1}{\rho }\cdot \frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left\lbrack {\left({{\mu }_{i}+ {\sigma }_{k}{\mu }_{i}}\right)\frac{\partial k}{\partial {x}_{i}}}\right\rbrack $
$\frac{\partial \omega }{\partial t}+ {u}_{i}\frac{\partial \omega }{\partial {x}_{i}}= \frac{1}{\rho }\cdot {p}_{\infty }- \beta {\omega }^{2}+ \frac{1}{\rho }\cdot \frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left\lbrack {\left({{\mu }_{i}+ {\sigma }_{\infty }{\mu }_{i}}\right)\frac{\partial \omega }{\partial {x}_{i}}}\right\rbrack +\\ 2\left({1 -{G}_{1}}\right){\sigma }_{\infty 2}\frac{1}{\omega }\cdot \frac{\partial k}{\partial {x}_{i}}\cdot \frac{\partial \omega }{\partial {x}_{i}}$
式中: $k$ 为湍动能项; $\omega$ 为比耗散率; ${\mu }_{i}$ 为湍流粘度; ${p}_{k}$ 为湍流产生率; $\beta$ 为封闭系数; ${G}_{1}$ 为混合函数; ${p}_{\infty }$ 为无穷远处空气压强; ${\sigma }_{\infty }$ , ${\sigma }_{\infty 2}$ 均为常数项。
在分析整机叶片气动特性的过程中, 为保证迭代效率,需要用到叶素动量理论。叶素动量理论因计算精度较高被 Bladed, HAWC2 等软件广泛应用于风力机叶片气动设计中。本文采用 Bladed 中的叶素动量修正理论对修改翼型前、后的叶片进行气动力学仿真计算。BEM 理论的关系如 图 1 所示 [ 11 ]
${F}_{\mathrm{t}}= \frac{2}{\pi }\arccos \{\exp \left\lbrack {-N\left({R - r}\right)/{2R}\sin \varphi }\right\rbrack \}\\{F}_{\mathrm{h}}= \frac{2}{\pi }\arccos \left\{{\exp \left\lbrack {-N\left({r -{r}_{\mathrm{h}}}\right)/2{r}_{\mathrm{h}}\sin \varphi }\right\rbrack }\right\}\\ F ={F}_{\mathrm{t}}{F}_{\mathrm{h}}\\ a =\frac{{Nc}\left({{C}_{\mathrm{l}}\cos \varphi +{C}_{\mathrm{d}}\sin \varphi }\right)}{{8\pi rF}{\sin }^{2}\varphi +{Nc}\left({{C}_{\mathrm{l}}\cos \varphi +{C}_{\mathrm{d}}\sin \varphi }\right)} \\ b =\frac{{Nc}\left({{C}_{\mathrm{l}}\sin \varphi -{C}_{\mathrm{d}}\cos \varphi }\right)}{{8\pi rF}\sin \varphi \cos \varphi -{Nc}\left({{C}_{\mathrm{l}}\sin \varphi -{C}_{\mathrm{d}}\cos \varphi }\right)} \\\mathrm{d}T ={4\pi \rho ru}\left({1 - a}\right) a\mathrm{\;d}r \\\mathrm{d}M ={4\pi \rho }{r}^{3}{u\omega }\left({1 - a}\right) a\mathrm{\;d}r \\{C}_{\mathrm{p}}= \frac{M\omega }{{0.5\rho }{v}^{3}S}$
式中: $F,{F}_{\mathrm{t}},{F}_{\mathrm{h}}$ 分别为叶轮、叶尖、轮毂的损失; $R$ , ${r}_{\mathrm{h}}, r$ 分别为叶轮、轮毂及当地位置处半径; $N$ 为叶片数量; ${C}_{1},{C}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 分别为翼型的升、阻力系数; $c$ 为翼型的弦长; $\mathrm{d}T,\mathrm{\;d}M$ 分别为某位置翼型的推力和扭矩; $u, v$ 分别为来流速度和相对速度; $a, b$ 分别为切向和轴向诱导因子; $\alpha ,\beta ,\varphi$ 分别为攻角、扭角、 入流角; $L, D$ 分别为翼型所受升力、阻力。
因此, 只需给定翼型、叶片的基本参数及风轮转速,就可以通过式 (6) $\sim$ (9)迭代求解出叶元素位置的推力与转矩, 最后通过沿展长积分求解得出整个叶片的力学特性。同时考虑塔架、安全链及控制系统的影响, 本文利用 Bladed 软件对某 6.7 MW 风力机的 ${95}\mathrm{\;m}$ 长叶片进行数值求解。
叶片的翼型设计过程中常采用 DU, FFA, $\operatorname{Ris\Phi }$$\operatorname{NREL}$ 系列翼型。本文选用 Delft 的 DU 系列翼型,在此翼型基础上,对其尾缘开口进行不同程度的变化以便于工艺制造。保持翼型的 SS 面不变,将 PS 面从离尾缘 ${10}\%$ 的位置进行开口调整,翼型尾缘开口最大为 0.5%c。不同开口型线如 图 2 所示。图中 Original 为原始翼型型线。
在仿真过程中,以实际风场的某 ${6.7}\mathrm{{MW}}$ 风力机为模型,该风力机基本参数如 表 1 所示。
构成叶片标准翼型的相对厚度分别为 100%, ${40}\%,{35}\%,{21}\%$ 的 DU 系列和 ${18}\%$ 的 NACA系列。 在给定弦长、扭角、预弯、后掠的情况下, 在 Bladed 4.8 版本中建立的 ${95}\mathrm{\;m}$ 长叶片模型如 图 3 所示。
给定叶片、塔架、轮毂、安全链以及控制系统等参数, 在 GH-Bladed 中建立风机模型, 6.7 MW 整机模型如 图 4 所示。
基于 CFD 和 Bladed 的联合仿真求解, 实现了翼型及整机的数据传递和模型交互。本文构建的风力机动力学模型求解过程如 图 5 所示。
在利用 CFD 求解翼型气动数据的过程中,需要对流体域进行网格划分。翼型计算域及网格如 图 6 所示。流体域前段取 10 倍翼型弦长, 后端取 30 倍翼型弦长,上端和下端分别取 15 倍翼型弦长。计算流体域网格采用结构化网格,保证 $y$ plus 的值 $< 1$ 。翼型边界层的计算采用 SIMPLE 算法, 湍流模型采用 SST- $k -\omega$ 模型,残差收敛数值为 ${10}^{-6}$
(b)翼型近壁面计算网格
对翼型划分的几种网格进行无关性验证后, 确定本文采用的网格数量为 16.26 万。为确保计算方法的准确性, 绘制出了基准翼型的升力及阻力系数对比曲线 ( 图 7 )。由 图 7 可知:在低攻角下, CFD 仿真与实验数据吻合程度较好 [ 12 , 13 ] ;在大攻角下, 由于湍流的局限性, 模拟数据和实验数据存在微小误差。因此, 本文采用的数值模拟方法是准确的。
采用 CFD 软件对 21%厚度的 DU 翼型进行数值模拟,仿真所用 ${Re}= 6 \times {10}^{6}$ ,不同尾部开口的翼型气动特性如 图 8 所示。
图 8 可知: 升力系数均随着攻角的增大呈现先增大后下降的趋势, 升力系数达到最大值的攻角为临界攻角,临界攻角为 ${12}^{\circ }$ ,当攻角超过 12 °后,翼型处于失速状态;不同尾缘开口的升力系数均略有增大,当开口分别为 ${0.1}\% c,{0.3}\% c$ , ${0.5}\% c$ 时,相较于标准翼型,升力系数相对增长了 3.52%, 7.49%, 10.6%; 不同尾缘开口的阻力系数在失速前几乎不变,失速后略微变化;不同尾缘开口位置处, 翼型均产生一个最大的升阻比, 升阻比的大小决定着叶片捕获风能的效率, 当开口分别为 ${0.1}\% c,{0.3}\% c,{0.5}\% c$ 时,升阻比相较于标准翼型分别增长了 ${4.49}\%,{5.08}\%,{6.05}\%$ ; 同一攻角处, 最大升阻比为 110.61 ,比标准翼型最大升阻比 (104.92)增长了 5.42%。同等条件下,升阻比的提升,提高了叶片的气动特性。
根据 图 8 得知,当翼型在攻角达到 12 °时,翼型会产生失速现象。 图 9 为攻角为 ${0}^{\circ }$${12}^{\circ }$ 时的标准翼型速度流场。由 图 9 可知: 当攻角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ 时, 翼型壁面流动比较平缓,未发生边界层分离现象; 当攻角为 ${12}^{\circ }$ 时,翼型表面后缘位置处发生严重的边界层分离现象,使翼型处于失速状态,进而造成升力系数下降,阻力系数上升。
为了探究不同开口大小的翼型在失速时产生不同气动特性的原因,本文选取 12 °攻角作为研究对象,对尾缘开口为 ${0.3}\% c,{0.5}\% c$ 位置的流线进行分析,结果如 图 10 所示。
图 10 可知, 在失速时, 3 种不同开口的翼型均在尾缘产生了涡旋, 涡旋的状态和规模没有明显区别, 可见涡旋的形态并不是导致气动特性发生变化的原因。为此, 分析 3 种翼型的流动分离情况。为了对比 3 种翼型尾缘流动分离的起始位置, 分别在 图 10 的每一张流线图中采用两条线段来标注分离点的相对位置。经过对比发现, 3 种翼型边界层分离的位置略有差异, 尾缘开口为 0.5% $c$ 的翼型的边界层发生分离位置在其 57% 弦长处,尾缘开口为 ${0.3}\% c$ 翼型的边界层发生分离位置刚好位于 55%弦长处,标准翼型的边界层发生分离位置刚好位于 53%弦长处。过早地出现流动分离使得翼型 SS 面的压力分布在更大的范围内不稳定,进而对气动特性产生的影响更大。之所以流动分离点的位置会提前,是因为 PS 面尾缘 10%的位置向下偏移并将尾缘的开口增大。通过对流线的分析发现, 尾缘开口不同导致气动性能出现差异的原因是开口的大小影响了翼型吸力面边界层分离点的位置, 边界层分离越往后, 翼型的气动性能相对越好。
基于小攻角下翼型计算气动数据,采用 Viterna-Corrigan 失速模型全攻角 $\left({-{180}\sim {180}^{\circ }}\right)$ 下的气动参数进行修正 [ 14 ] ,开口为 ${0.1}\% c$ 翼型修正后的气动参数如 图 11 所示。
其余工况均按此进行, 将拟合后全攻角气动数据加载到 Bladed, 搭建叶片模型后进行仿真计算。风力机的设计主要在最优 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 状态下进行,因此,给出了几种不同尾缘开口处形成的叶片的最大 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 数值( 表 2 )。
表 2 可知: 随着尾缘开口的增加, ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 增加, 从发电功率角度而言,这是有利的; 0.5% $c$ 的开口叶片,最大发电功率提升了 0.88%。
考虑到湍流风对叶片变形的影响, 原叶片切入风速为 $3\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,额定风速为 ${12.5}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,切出风速为 ${25}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 。根据工程经验,计算变形最大值一般出现在额定风速位置处,因此,本文以 ${12.5}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 处的风速作为仿真所用的湍流风。所用仿真风的纵向、横向、垂向方向的湍流密度分别为 16.78%, 13.42%, 8.39%,总体风速时序如 图 12 所示。
为了分析湍流风对叶片变形的影响, 将不同尾缘开口的最优 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 列于 表3
图 13 为几种不同开口翼型叶尖部截面(距离叶根 ${90}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处)的挥舞、摆振变形时序图。
表 3图 13 可知, 随着尾缘开口的变大, 最大挥舞变形和摆振变形均出现增加的趋势。
图 14 为叶尖受力曲线。
图 14 可知: 摆振变形的增加会导致叶片切向力变大, 在设计转速一定的情况下, 叶轮的扭矩变大, 有利于增加叶片利用效率, 增加整机的发电量;挥舞变形的增加会导致叶片轴向力载荷变大,导致叶轮平面内所受推力增加,从而造成叶片载荷略微变大,但这种微小的变化可以通过变桨策略进行解决, 从而使设计的风机达到设计的目标。
基于实际工程,本文以翼型尾缘开口大小为出发点, 采用数值模拟的方法, 探究了开口对翼型气动特性的影响,建立了 ${95}\mathrm{\;m}$ 叶片及 ${6.7}\mathrm{{MW}}$ 整机耦合模型, 分析了叶片的气动特性及特定湍流风工况下的变形情况,得到以下结论。
①翼型尾缘开口变大,其升力系数、阻力系数及升阻比呈现变大趋势,升力系数最大增加了 10.6%, 升阻比最大增加了 5.42%, 有利于叶片利用率的增加。
②翼型失速角为 ${12}^{\circ }$ ,随着翼型开口幅度的增加, 边界层分离点的位置略向后移动, 有利于叶片稳定地运行。
③ 翼型开口的增加会略微增加变形及发电量, 但会对载荷和净空产生略微的影响, 该影响可以通过变桨策略的手段解决, 进而完善整机的设计。
  • 江苏省重大研发项目(BE2021014-3)
  • 江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(重大科技成果转化)
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2024年第42卷第10期
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  • 接收时间:2023-03-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-27
基金
江苏省重大研发项目(BE2021014-3)
江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(重大科技成果转化)
作者信息
    1 连云港中复连众复合材料集团有限公司 江苏 连云港 222006
    2 江苏省海上风电叶片设计与制造技术重点实验室 江苏 连云港 222006
    3 同济大学 航空航天与力学学院 上海 200092
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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