Article(id=1154428734888202453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154428727883714760, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697212800000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753166858646, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1732032000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753166858646, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753166858646, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753166858646, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154428727883714760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='11', pageStart='1420', pageEnd='1562', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753166856976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694530898, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641952767533916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154428727883714760, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641952767533917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154428727883714760, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1490, endPage=1497, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154428735454433495, articleId=1154428734888202453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Experimental study on dynamic flapping deformation of wind turbine blades under yaw conditions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Wind turbine blades are subjected to various loads during operation, which can cause deformation, and yaw can make the force situation of the blades more complex. To investigate the dynamic flapping deformation of blades under yaw conditions, experimental research was conducted using digital image correlation (DIC) technology to explore the influence of changes in yaw angle, wind speed, and speed on the dynamic flapping deformation of blades. The results show that the dynamic flapping deformation of horizontal axis wind turbine blades varies in a sinusoidal pattern, and the higher the wind speed, the greater the dynamic flapping deformation. The higher the rotational speed, the greater the dynamic flapping deformation, and at the same time, the time it takes to reach the maximum value is also shorter, with more variation cycles experienced; The existence of yaw angle changes the force situation of the blade. The larger the yaw angle, the greater the trend of dynamic flapping deformation. The shorter the time it takes to reach the peak, the earlier the peak position is. At the same time, the proportion of positive dynamic flapping deformation decreases, and the proportion of negative dynamic flapping deformation increases. The most obvious trend is at a 30° yaw angle. The research results of this article can provide experimental data support for effective control of blade deformation and subsequent research on the impact of blade deformation on the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines.

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风力机叶片在运行过程中受多种载荷作用会产生变形,且偏航导致叶片的受力情况更加复杂。为探究偏航工况下叶片动态挥舞变形情况,文章利用数字图像相关技术(DIC)开展实验,寻找偏航角、风速、转速的变化对叶片动态挥舞变形的影响规律。实验结果表明:水平轴风力机叶片的动态挥舞变形呈正弦规律变化,风速越大,动态挥舞变形越大;转速越大,动态挥舞变形增大的同时,到达最大值所用时间也越短,经历的变化周期越多;偏航角的存在改变了叶片的受力情况,偏航角越大,动态挥舞变形有增大趋势,到达峰值所用时间越短,峰值位置提前,同时正向动态挥舞变形占比减少,负向动态挥舞变形占比增多,30°偏航角时最明显。

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(1975-),女,博士,教授,研究方向为风能利用。E-mail:
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blade at $7\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s},{400}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ and different yaw angles, figureFileSmall=orcNNP1wAcaxFAu4Yqsjjw==, figureFileBig=BVGF4UxEpqJ8H2RYLqAZkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428791842657134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428734888202453, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=风速为 $7\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ 、转速为 ${400}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 、不同偏航角下叶片动态挥舞变形最大值位置, figureFileSmall=orcNNP1wAcaxFAu4Yqsjjw==, figureFileBig=BVGF4UxEpqJ8H2RYLqAZkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428791905571695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428734888202453, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Schematic diagram of blade forces at different azimuths for ${20}^{\circ }$ yaw condition, figureFileSmall=SwD+dik2y/v4tqw85otBtA==, figureFileBig=OWn3RON0H59d5IAy6Pzz3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428791955903344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428734888202453, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=${20}^{\circ }$ 偏航工况、不同方位角叶片受力示意图, figureFileSmall=SwD+dik2y/v4tqw85otBtA==, figureFileBig=OWn3RON0H59d5IAy6Pzz3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428792006234993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428734888202453, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Maximum volatile deformation at each stage point at different rotational speeds of $7\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$, figureFileSmall=eGk7n2YS48YY4BpbMBS9ZA==, figureFileBig=ZI1JpH+chMuceu7qZLnOFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428792048178034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428734888202453, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=风速为 $7\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 、不同转速各阶段点最大挥舞变形量, figureFileSmall=eGk7n2YS48YY4BpbMBS9ZA==, figureFileBig=ZI1JpH+chMuceu7qZLnOFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428792094315379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, 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偏航工况下风力机叶片动态挥舞变形实验
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牛大川 1 , 张立茹 1, 2 , 贾靖 1 , 高伟 3 , 路瑶 1 , 邱桐 1
可再生能源 | 2024,42(11): 1490-1497
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(11): 1490-1497
偏航工况下风力机叶片动态挥舞变形实验
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牛大川1, 张立茹1, 2 , 贾靖1, 高伟3, 路瑶1, 邱桐1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古工业大学 能源与动力工程学院 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010080
  • 2 风能太阳能利用技术教育部重点实验室 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010080
  • 3 华能乌拉特中旗新能源发电有限公司 内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015321

通讯作者:

(1975-),女,博士,教授,研究方向为风能利用。E-mail:
Experimental study on dynamic flapping deformation of wind turbine blades under yaw conditions
Dachuan Niu1, Liru Zhang1, 2 , Jing Jia1, Wei Gao3, Yao Lu1, Tong Qiu1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Energy and Power Engineer Inner Mongolia University of Technology Hohhot 010080 China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Wind and Solar Energy Utilization Technology Ministry of Education Hohhot 010080 China
  • 3 Huaneng Urad Middle Banner New Energy Generation Co., Ltd. Bayannur 015321 China
出版时间: 2024-11-20
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风力机叶片在运行过程中受多种载荷作用会产生变形,且偏航导致叶片的受力情况更加复杂。为探究偏航工况下叶片动态挥舞变形情况,文章利用数字图像相关技术(DIC)开展实验,寻找偏航角、风速、转速的变化对叶片动态挥舞变形的影响规律。实验结果表明:水平轴风力机叶片的动态挥舞变形呈正弦规律变化,风速越大,动态挥舞变形越大;转速越大,动态挥舞变形增大的同时,到达最大值所用时间也越短,经历的变化周期越多;偏航角的存在改变了叶片的受力情况,偏航角越大,动态挥舞变形有增大趋势,到达峰值所用时间越短,峰值位置提前,同时正向动态挥舞变形占比减少,负向动态挥舞变形占比增多,30°偏航角时最明显。

水平轴风力机  /  叶片动态挥舞变形  /  偏航工况  /  数字图像相关技术

Wind turbine blades are subjected to various loads during operation, which can cause deformation, and yaw can make the force situation of the blades more complex. To investigate the dynamic flapping deformation of blades under yaw conditions, experimental research was conducted using digital image correlation (DIC) technology to explore the influence of changes in yaw angle, wind speed, and speed on the dynamic flapping deformation of blades. The results show that the dynamic flapping deformation of horizontal axis wind turbine blades varies in a sinusoidal pattern, and the higher the wind speed, the greater the dynamic flapping deformation. The higher the rotational speed, the greater the dynamic flapping deformation, and at the same time, the time it takes to reach the maximum value is also shorter, with more variation cycles experienced; The existence of yaw angle changes the force situation of the blade. The larger the yaw angle, the greater the trend of dynamic flapping deformation. The shorter the time it takes to reach the peak, the earlier the peak position is. At the same time, the proportion of positive dynamic flapping deformation decreases, and the proportion of negative dynamic flapping deformation increases. The most obvious trend is at a 30° yaw angle. The research results of this article can provide experimental data support for effective control of blade deformation and subsequent research on the impact of blade deformation on the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines.

horizontal axis wind turbine  /  dynamic waving deformation of blade  /  yaw condition  /  digital image correlation
牛大川, 张立茹, 贾靖, 高伟, 路瑶, 邱桐. 偏航工况下风力机叶片动态挥舞变形实验. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (11) : 1490 -1497 .
Dachuan Niu, Liru Zhang, Jing Jia, Wei Gao, Yao Lu, Tong Qiu. Experimental study on dynamic flapping deformation of wind turbine blades under yaw conditions[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (11) : 1490 -1497 .
风能作为一种清洁的可再生能源, 储量丰富, 未来必将得到大力发展 [ 1 ] 。风力机叶片在运行过程中受到多种载荷作用,不可避免地发生变形 [ 2 ] 。 数值模拟研究表明,风速和风向的变化可使叶片产生较大的气弹变形,影响气弹稳定性,导致叶片发生颤振甚至断裂 [ 3 ] ;且叶片变形会影响叶片翼型的气动特性 [ 4 ] ,使发电效率降低,造成叶片疲劳损伤。由于来流风的变化等因素,风力机常常处于偏航的工作状态中, 会进一步对叶片变形产生影响。在偏航时, 叶片变形和应力集中情况更加严重,进一步降低风力机的输出功率,随着偏航角增大,叶片的应力变化周期更小,加剧叶片的应力疲劳。导致叶片变形和叶片应力的不均匀性增大。 目前,针对叶片变形的研究多以静态载荷实验为主,采用单点加集中载荷的方法获得了叶片的强度及变形特性 [ 7 ] ; 静载荷应变实验测试叶片极限载荷能力和极端载荷情况下的变形 [ 8 ] ; 全尺寸模态试验得到了一、二阶挥舞变形模态 [ 9 ] ; 雷达测量获得了叶片的展向载荷弯曲 [ 10 ] ; 视频测量技术测量全尺寸叶片的静态变形 [ 11 ]
数字图像相关技术(DIC)被成功应用到叶片变形的测试, 并通过风电叶片在静力载荷实验中的全场三维位移和应变得到了验证 [ 12 ] 。针对叶片旋转角度较大时变形产生的去相关问题, 改进后的 DIC 方法获得了叶片旋转过程中的全场变形 [ 13 ] 。 相比于数值模拟, 实验研究能够反映叶片的真实变形情况。静态实验能够较为准确地获得叶片在不同静载下的变形情况, 但风力机在实际运行过程中受力多样, 静载实验不能反映叶片在实际运行中的动态变形情况, 且偏航下的叶片受力将会更加复杂。本文采用 DIC 技术, 对偏航工况下的水平轴风力机叶片动态挥舞变形进行实验测量, 以期为有效控制叶片变形及后续研究叶片变形对风力机气动特性的影响提供实验数据支撑。
实验在风能太阳能利用技术教育部重点实验室(内蒙古工业大学)B1/K2 直流低速风洞的开口实验段开展,风洞开口段直径为 $2\mathrm{\;m}$ 。测试对象为某三叶片水平轴风力机,叶片长度为 ${0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,额定风速为 ${10}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ 。在实验室自行设计及制造的小型风力机偏航平台上搭建基于 DIC 技术的风力机叶片动态挥舞变形测试系统( 图 1 ) [ 14 ] ,测试系统主要由图像采集部分和同步控制部分组成。图像采集部分为两台 X213M/C 同步高速摄像机,最大分辨率为 ${1280}\times {1024}$ ,满幅帧率为 ${13600}\mathrm{{fps}}$ ,两台高速摄像机位于叶片后方 ${2.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处,间隔为 ${50}\mathrm{\;{cm}}$
借助小型风力机偏航平台带动风力机整机旋转,实现对偏航角度的控制。偏航平台安装于风力机塔筒下方, 主要固定风力机和带动风力机整机旋转。偏航平台由承载部件、伺服旋转平台及伺服电机组成, 通过控制柜控制伺服电机带动伺服旋转平台减速器,实现风力机整机的旋转。
实验中,定义叶片竖直向上时为 ${0}^{\circ }$ 方位角, 叶片沿逆时针方向旋转。规定来流方向为挥舞变形正方向,数据采集区间为叶片从 ${0}^{\circ }$ 方位角旋转至 360°方位角。为探究沿叶片展向的动态挥舞变形变化规律,布置如 图 2 所示的阶段点。
沿叶展方向靠近叶根 ${0.1R}$ 位置处布置第一组阶段点,之后每隔 ${0.18R}$ 布置 1 组阶段点,共计 5 组 11 个,前 3 组阶段点位于翼弦中点及前缘和后缘处, 后两组每组各 1 个阶段点, 位于叶片翼弦中点上。由于翼弦中点位置叶片厚度大、强度高, 受影响较小,故选取翼弦中点上的 5 个阶段点进行分析,沿展向分别为阶段点 1 、阶段点 4 、阶段点 7、阶段点 9 及阶段点 10 。为保证测试精度及避免拍摄过程中叶片反光导致的数据失效问题, 绘制直径为 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 左右的哑光散斑对标记叶片进行预处理。调节光源至叶片在相机视场中清晰成像, 无反光区域。
在测试开始前, 为满足测量精度和软件计算的需要,对高速摄像机的内外参数(焦距、畸变、相机位置等)进行标定。标定过程中,通过调整标定板距地面高度、相对于相机的前后位置、旋转标定板等方式保证标定板上的 108 个阶段点均匀分布在测量区域不同位置, 并保证成像清晰, 能够被 DIC 计算软件识别。标定板在摄像机中的成像效果如 图 3 所示。
标定完成后,通过调节风洞频率、风力机负载等方式实现对来流风速和风力机运行转速的控制。待风力机在既定工况稳定运行后,通过同步控制部分触发高速摄像机对叶片进行连续拍摄,采集标记风力机叶片在不同来流风速及转速下轴流工况和偏航工况时的动态挥舞变形数据。
叶片在实际运行过程中受多种载荷作用, 会产生挥舞、摆振、扭转等变形,其中以挥舞变形为主。选取风速为 $7\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 、转速为 ${400}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 、偏航角为 20°时不同工况下叶片的挥舞变形量进行分析。
图 4 为不同工况下叶片动态挥舞变形量变化曲线。在风力机运行过程中,叶片变形量随时间呈现正弦规律变化, 该结果与数值模拟结果相符 [ 14 ] 。由 图 4(a)可知:动态挥舞变形量幅值分别为 74.77,93.14 mm 和 ${98.82}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ; 随着风速的提高, 幅值随着增大,对相位并无明显影响,说明当偏航角及转速固定时, 风速对动态挥舞变形的影响主要体现在幅值上。这是因为当转速与偏航角固定时, 风速的变化主要引起作用在叶片上的轴向推力变化进而使动态挥舞变形幅值发生变化。
图 4(b)可知, 随着转速提高, 动态挥舞变形量正弦波幅值增加的同时, 到达动态挥舞变形量最大值位置处所用时间也发生了变化,高转速工况下动态挥舞变形量到达最大值所用时间少于低转速工况,周期缩短。所以风力机在较高转速下运行时, 动态挥舞变形量的变化情况更加剧烈, 会加剧叶片疲劳破坏。
图 4(c)可知: 偏航工况时动态挥舞变形随时间的变化规律与轴流工况有较大不同; 轴流工况下, ${0}^{\circ }$ 方位角时,叶片动态挥舞变形量接近最大值, 正向动态挥舞变形占比较偏航工况更少; 偏航工况下, 叶片正向动态挥舞变形占比增多, 说明偏航角的存在改变了叶片的受力情况,20°偏航角以下,动态挥舞变形量幅值分别为 ${65.36},{71.17}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${74.77}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{30}^{\circ }$ 偏航工况时,叶片动态挥舞变形量急剧增大,幅值为 ${281.09}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。这是因为叶片在实际运行过程中受力复杂多样, 叶片受到气动载荷、离心载荷及重力载荷等载荷的共同作用,在 ${30}^{\circ }$ 偏航工况下,叶片所受到的激振力与叶片本身的振动频率同频,导致动态挥舞变形量增大。
在特定风速和转速下,随着偏航角变化,动态挥舞变形正弦波的相位也出现了差异。随着偏航角增大,动态挥舞变形量到达最大值的时间变得更短,在 ${10}^{\circ }$ , ${20}^{\circ }$${30}^{\circ }$ 偏航角下,动态挥舞变形到达最大值的时间分别为 ${0.055}\;7\mathrm{\;s},{0.047}\mathrm{\;s}$${0.0316}\mathrm{\;s}$ 。同时,在一个运行周期内,随着偏航角的增加, 叶片正向动态挥舞变形占比减小, 负向动态挥舞变形占比增多。在相同时间内, 偏航角增加, 叶片动态挥舞变形量将会经历更多的峰值变化, 加剧叶片的疲劳破坏。在同一风速、同一转速情况下,随着偏航角增大,叶片动态挥舞变形量到达最大值的时间变得更短, 即偏航角的存在改变了叶片动态挥舞变形量最大值出现的位置。
为探究不同偏航工况下叶片到达动态挥舞变形量最大值的位置情况,截取不同偏航角下动态挥舞变形量到达最大值时的云图 ( 图 5 )。由 图 5 可知, 偏航角的变化使叶片动态挥舞变形量到达最大值的位置发生了改变, 随着偏航角增大, 到达最大值的位置提前,30°偏航角时更加明显。
偏航角的存在, 使得来流风施加在叶片上的推力产生了如 图 6(a)所示的分量,在叶片位于 0~ ${180}^{\circ }$ 方位角时,由于分量的存在使得来流风施加在叶片上的轴向推力变小, 降低了动态挥舞变形量。叶片处于 180~360°方位角时[ 图 6(b)],偏航气流产生的力 ${F}_{v}$ 对叶片产生了挤压力,增大了此阶段的叶片动态挥舞变形。偏航角增大,分量 ${F}_{2}$ 减小, ${F}_{v}$ 增大,形成了上述动态挥舞变形量占比及到达最大值的位置差异。
为探究风速、转速、偏航角等因素对叶片最大挥舞变形量的影响情况, 选取不同工况下沿叶片展向各阶段点的最大挥舞变形量进行分析。
选取不同转速、不同风速时风力机叶片沿展向各阶段点的最大挥舞变形量进行分析, 结果如 图 7 ,8所示。
图 7 ,8 可知: 叶片最大挥舞变形量沿展向增加, 最大变形量在叶尖位置, 与数值模拟结果一致 [ 15 ] ; 叶根处的最大挥舞变形量随风速及转速变化的程度明显弱于叶尖, 这是因为叶根处弦长较长、刚度大、抵抗变形的能力较强, 相反, 叶尖处刚度较低,抵抗变形的能力低;当风速及转速增大时,挥舞变形量也随之增大。
为进一步探究同一偏航角下, 风速、转速对叶尖位置最大挥舞变形量的影响情况,在 ${20}^{\circ }$ 偏航工况下对不同风速、不同转速下的叶尖处最大挥舞变形量进行了分析,结果如 图 9 所示。
图 9 可知:当转速为 ${400}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 时,随着风速增加,叶尖处最大挥舞变形量分别增加了 ${7.45}\%,{15.93}\%,{4.06}\%$${1.96}\%$ ; 当风速为 $8\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时,随着转速增加,叶尖处最大挥舞变形量分别增加了 ${4.91}\%,{7.22}\%,{8.48}\%$${2.09}\%$ ;叶尖最大挥舞变形量随风速及转速的增加而增大; 高风速、高转速时,叶尖最大挥舞变形量增量相对较低。产生上述规律的原因是高风速下叶片变形量较大,叶片抵抗变形的能力变强, 变形量增大趋势随之降低。由于风力机在运行中转速较高,会使叶片产生离心刚化效应, 导致刚度增加, 随着转速的增加, 受离心刚化效应影响,叶片的刚化程度也随之增大,导致叶片变形量随转速增加而增大的趋势降低。
为探究偏航角度对叶片最大挥舞变形量的影响情况, 选取不同偏航角度时沿叶片展向各阶段点最大挥舞变形量进行分析,结果如 图 10 所示。
图 10 可知:偏航角为 ${20}^{\circ }$ 以下时,随偏航角增大,叶片的最大挥舞变形量有增大趋势,越靠近叶尖部位,变形量增大的趋势越明显,分析原因为叶片结构导致, 越靠近叶尖部位, 叶片的刚度越低, 抵抗变形的能力越差, 叶片变形量更易受到影响, 偏航角越大, 偏航气流对叶片的挤压作用越强,导致上述现象出现; 当偏航角度从 ${0}^{\circ }$ 增加到 ${20}^{\circ }$ 时,偏航角每增加 ${10}^{\circ }$ ,叶片叶尖处最大挥舞变形量分别增加了 ${8.89}\%$${5.06}\%$ ; 叶根部位最大挥舞变形量基本不随偏航角度的变化而变化, ${30}^{\circ }$ 偏航角时,由于出现了共振现象,导致挥舞变形量整体增大。
转速为 ${400}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 时, 4 个偏航角下不同风速时的叶尖最大挥舞变形量如 图 11 所示。
图 11 可知,随着风速增加,偏航角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ , ${10}^{\circ }$ , ${20}^{\circ }$${30}^{\circ }$ 时叶片叶尖最大挥舞变形量的增量分别为 48.93%, 40.65%, 32.16% 和 1.45%。
风速为 $7\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时,4 个偏航角下不同转速时的叶尖最大挥舞变形量如 图 12 所示。
图 12 可知,随着转速增加,偏航角为 ${0}^{\circ }$ , ${10}^{\circ }$ , ${20}^{\circ }$${30}^{\circ }$ 时叶片叶尖最大挥舞变形量的增量分别为 36.25%, 30.32%, 24.59% 和 5.65%。
相比轴流工况, 偏航工况时叶尖最大挥舞变形量随风速及转速增大的趋势更小,偏航角越大越明显。这是由于偏航角的存在, 导致来流风产生了沿叶片展向的分量, 降低了施加在叶片上的轴向推力。当偏航角增大时,分量随风速增大的趋势亦更大, 使作用在叶片上的轴向推力随风速增大的趋势降低。同时偏航角的存在也对离心载荷产生影响, 由此造成上述轴流工况和不同偏航工况最大挥舞变形量的增幅差异。
本文采用 DIC 测试了偏航工况下的水平轴风力机叶片挥舞变形, 以实验方式获得了偏航工况下风力机叶片动态挥舞变形的变化规律, 得到以下结论。
①水平轴风力机叶片的动态挥舞变形量随时间呈正弦规律变化, 最大挥舞变形量由叶根沿展向增加。风速增加时, 叶尖处最大挥舞变形量增大,且风速越大,叶尖处最大挥舞变形增量越小; 转速增加时,叶尖处最大挥舞变形量数值增大,且转速越大,叶尖处最大挥舞变形增量越小,叶片动态挥舞变形到达最大值的时间缩短, 叶片动态挥舞变形经历的变化周期更多。
②偏航工况时, 作用在叶片上的轴向推力产生了分量, 与偏航气流共同作用, 改变了叶片的受力情况, 导致叶片动态挥舞变形随时间的变化规律与轴流工况有较大不同。偏航角越大, 偏航气流对分量的影响越明显。偏航角的存在降低了叶片最大挥舞变形随风速、转速的变化趋势。
③当偏航角增加时, 叶尖处最大挥舞变形量数值有增大趋势,增量降低; 叶片动态挥舞变形量到达最大值的时间提前,叶片正向动态挥舞变形占比减少,负向动态挥舞变形占比增多,相同时间内叶片经历的动态挥舞变形峰值增多,30°偏航角时更加明显。因此水平轴风力机应尽量避免在较高转速和 ${30}^{\circ }$ 偏航角下运行,以降低挥舞变形对叶片的影响。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52066013)
  • 内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(JY20230096, ZTY2024014)
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  • 接收时间:2023-10-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-11-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-14
基金
国家自然科学基金(52066013)
内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(JY20230096, ZTY2024014)
作者信息
    1 内蒙古工业大学 能源与动力工程学院 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010080
    2 风能太阳能利用技术教育部重点实验室 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010080
    3 华能乌拉特中旗新能源发电有限公司 内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015321

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(1975-),女,博士,教授,研究方向为风能利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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