Article(id=1154428729783734479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154428727883714760, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693152000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753166857429, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1732032000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753166857429, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753166857429, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753166857429, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154428727883714760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='11', pageStart='1420', pageEnd='1562', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753166856976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694530898, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641952767533916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154428727883714760, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641952767533917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154428727883714760, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1458, endPage=1467, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154428730253496529, articleId=1154428729783734479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=The analogue simulation and the control strategy analysis for the hybrid ground source heat pump system employed by the heat load dominat buildings, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
As for the buildings that employs ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems for heating and cooling, the heat load is obviously higher than the cooling load, which can cause the temperature of underground medium to decrease gradually and therefore affect the heating performance of the system. This paper proposes a dualsource system in which an air source heat pump (ASHP) and a ground source heat pump (GSHP) jointly bear the heat load in winter, and proposes a novel load ratio control strategy that is better than the existing ones, and the strategy can be employed to overcome the drawbacks of single GSHP system effectively Take an office building as the research object, the TRNSYS simulation platform was used to complete the simulation calculation of building load, the mathematical models of both GSHP and ASHP units were established, and then the system modules of dual source system were established based on the simulation platform.With the objective of slowing down the temperature reduction of the subsurface medium, three strategies were designed around the dualsource system: time control, dry bulb temperature difference control and rated maximum load ratio control, and the parameters were output time by time. A comparative analysis of both a single GSHP system and a composite system showed that the composite system with a rated maximum load ratio of 70% control had the lowest soil temperature fluctuations over 10 years of operation. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the project of hrbrid GSHP system, and promote the popularization and application of geothermal energy technology.
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采用地源热泵系统进行供暖、制冷的建筑物热负荷明显高于冷负荷,从而影响系统的制热性能。文章构建了空气源热泵与地源热泵联合承担冬季热负荷的双源系统,并提出具有创新性的负载比控制策略,较已有的控制策略更有优势,且能够有效克服单一地源热泵系统的弊端。以某办公建筑为研究对象,采用TRNSYS 仿真平台完成建筑负荷的模拟计算,建立了地源和空气源热泵机组的数学模型,并基于仿真平台建立了双源系统的模块;以减缓降低地下介质温度为目标,基于双源系统制定时间控制、干球温差控制和额定最大负载比控制3种策略,逐时模拟输出各项参数。分析结果发现:干球温差为14℃和额定最大负载比为70%控制策略的复合系统具有最好的均衡土壤温度效果;将单一地源热泵和复合系统进行对比分析,在额定最大负载比为70%条件下,复合系统运行10a时土壤温度的波动最低。文章的研究结果可为地源热泵复合系统项目提供理论依据和技术指导,促进地热能技术的推广应用。
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GB 50736-2012,民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154428796884210643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, awardId=2022ZJ1092, language=CN, fundingSource=潍坊市科学技术发展计划项目(2022ZJ1092), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154428796959708116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, awardId=鲁煤地科字(2022)11号, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省煤田地质局重点科研专项(鲁煤地科字(2022)11号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154428792190784373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154428792194978678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, companyId=1154428792190784373, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 The Fourth Prospecting Shandong Coal Geology Bureau Weifang 261201 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154428792203367287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, companyId=1154428792190784373, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 山东省煤田地质局 第四勘探队 山东 潍坊 261201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154428792262087545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154428792266281850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, companyId=1154428792262087545, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 School of Thermal Engineering Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250101 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154428792270476155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, companyId=1154428792262087545, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 山东建筑大学 热能工程学院 山东 济南 250101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154428794627675057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
The model diagram of office building, figureFileSmall=+Ka/WhUAYA6UJhAHPoP7/w==, figureFileBig=ddslpEath9TJ/PY0FJ0dcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428794686395314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=
办公建筑模型图, figureFileSmall=+Ka/WhUAYA6UJhAHPoP7/w==, figureFileBig=ddslpEath9TJ/PY0FJ0dcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428794736726963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sESub16HuofrPVXxhpznRw==, figureFileBig=9djgLiwaxvlAe7FGjHZdrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428794803835828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sESub16HuofrPVXxhpznRw==, figureFileBig=9djgLiwaxvlAe7FGjHZdrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428794866750389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
The diagram for both building load simulation model and hourly load, figureFileSmall=JZz7larYtFrl3Cj3xkYFxg==, figureFileBig=e5CxFzlJ6VWkdyOhWxW7zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428794925470646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
建筑负荷仿真模型及逐时负荷图, figureFileSmall=JZz7larYtFrl3Cj3xkYFxg==, figureFileBig=e5CxFzlJ6VWkdyOhWxW7zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795017745335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
The fitting curve of heat capacity of ground source heat pump, figureFileSmall=Gz3QZqnbhySkK5so0Tx7RA==, figureFileBig=32IyYk6n+AZkH4jg+XJ35Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795118408632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
地源热泵制热量的拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=Gz3QZqnbhySkK5so0Tx7RA==, figureFileBig=32IyYk6n+AZkH4jg+XJ35Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795198100409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
The simulation platform of composite system of ground source and air source heat pumps, figureFileSmall=oEb3x8YUAsyw02GEWZ3MvQ==, figureFileBig=wCMp9IJu2uh09By2UQtseQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795269403578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
地源热泵-空气源热泵复合系统仿真平台, figureFileSmall=oEb3x8YUAsyw02GEWZ3MvQ==, figureFileBig=wCMp9IJu2uh09By2UQtseQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795328123835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
The heat absorption/discharge and energy consumption of ground heat exchangers when the time control strategy is adopted and the simulation period is 1 year in the composite system, figureFileSmall=uJKyoxPoWxYlC3IS3hG/pA==, figureFileBig=ENxaJ8Yi8VyjrTBlwKilNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795391038396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
复合系统采用时间控制策略时仿真 1 a 的地埋管吸/放热量及能耗, figureFileSmall=uJKyoxPoWxYlC3IS3hG/pA==, figureFileBig=ENxaJ8Yi8VyjrTBlwKilNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795449758653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
The changes of both temperature and COP when the composite system adopts time control strategy and the simulation period is 10 years, figureFileSmall=ru3nqlago2W2gJXIsb1g+w==, figureFileBig=TRWNojrzT7Chz3x/7LFR6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795504284606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=
复合系统采用时间控制策略时仿真 10 a 的温度及 COP 变化, figureFileSmall=ru3nqlago2W2gJXIsb1g+w==, figureFileBig=TRWNojrzT7Chz3x/7LFR6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795563004863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
The changes of both temperature and COP when the composite system adopts different dry bulb, figureFileSmall=gy8UKK42izNC5xHVaMwReg==, figureFileBig=SGtOQKPkJ4ICJgF8T532zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795625919424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=
不同干球温差控制时复合系统仿真 1 a 的温度及 $\mathbf{{COP}}$, figureFileSmall=gy8UKK42izNC5xHVaMwReg==, figureFileBig=SGtOQKPkJ4ICJgF8T532zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795693028289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
The heat absorption/discharge and energy consumption of ground heat exchangers when the temperature difference limit is ${14}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ and the simulation period is 1 year, figureFileSmall=WuggrhCgF8JymRyepiiTLg==, figureFileBig=A5HvuQ1OTTYkf1aYfcizuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795764331458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=
温差限值 ${14}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 时复合系统仿真 $1\mathrm{a}$ 的地埋管吸/放热量及能耗, figureFileSmall=WuggrhCgF8JymRyepiiTLg==, figureFileBig=A5HvuQ1OTTYkf1aYfcizuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795823051715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
The changes of both temperature and COP when the composite system’s temperature difference limit is ${14}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ and the simulation period is 10 year, figureFileSmall=KCdPwZANX7egIKnXVNeHuw==, figureFileBig=FOsOUlPt+iDQNINbtm4T4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795890160580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=
温差限值 ${14}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 时复合系统仿真 ${10}\mathrm{a}$ 的温度及 $\mathrm{{COP}}$, figureFileSmall=KCdPwZANX7egIKnXVNeHuw==, figureFileBig=FOsOUlPt+iDQNINbtm4T4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795940492229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
The changes of both temperature and the COP of the composite system when the different rated load ratios control is employed, figureFileSmall=5daUe9g6KnZGo8NdDWs4hg==, figureFileBig=uFS6gqNsl1bk5fIZj/PqMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428795995018182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 10, caption=
不同额定负载比控制的复合系统温度及 COP, figureFileSmall=5daUe9g6KnZGo8NdDWs4hg==, figureFileBig=uFS6gqNsl1bk5fIZj/PqMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428796057932743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
The energy consumption and the ground heat exchangers’ heat absorption/discharge when the composite system’s rated load ratio is ${70}\%$ and the simulation period is 1 year, figureFileSmall=dKHyn5bg4Y7E7ubXs+Wz6w==, figureFileBig=tvWzUs0NDTyeKaE64LZSUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428796120847304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 11, caption=
额定负载比为 ${70}\%$ 时复合系统仿真 1a 的能耗及地埋管吸/放热量, figureFileSmall=dKHyn5bg4Y7E7ubXs+Wz6w==, figureFileBig=tvWzUs0NDTyeKaE64LZSUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428796192150473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
The changes of both temperature and COP when the composite system’s rated load ratio is ${70}\%$ and the simulation period is 1 year, figureFileSmall=CGBhjElWrxzPRGZZ9Vms7g==, figureFileBig=oVpXa03C29/UeA/G2CDeFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428796250870730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 12, caption=
额定负载比为 ${70}\%$ 时复合系统仿真 ${10}\mathrm{a}$ 的温度及 $\mathbf{{COP}}$, figureFileSmall=CGBhjElWrxzPRGZZ9Vms7g==, figureFileBig=oVpXa03C29/UeA/G2CDeFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428796305396683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6s1vjKDGPhK6jk7Wkhbn1g==, figureFileBig=BBjDkI23eOsJBtWCl9EpuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428796368311244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=图 13, caption=
单一地源热泵与复合系统仿真 10 a 土壤温度变化 Fig. 13 The change of soil when the single ground source heat pump and the composite system are simulated for 10 years, figureFileSmall=6s1vjKDGPhK6jk7Wkhbn1g==, figureFileBig=BBjDkI23eOsJBtWCl9EpuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428796435420109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
The thermal parameters of office building envelope, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 围护结构类型 | 参数 | 数值 |
| 外墙 | 传热系数 $/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.358 |
| 厚度/mm | 380 |
| 屋顶 | 传热系数 $/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.294 |
| 厚度/mm | 283 |
| 楼板 | 传热系数 $/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.631 |
| 厚度/mm | 208 |
| 外窗 | 传热系数 $/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ | 1.736 |
| 太阳得热系数 | 0.212 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154428796485751758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
办公建筑围护结构热工参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 围护结构类型 | 参数 | 数值 |
| 外墙 | 传热系数 $/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.358 |
| 厚度/mm | 380 |
| 屋顶 | 传热系数 $/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.294 |
| 厚度/mm | 283 |
| 楼板 | 传热系数 $/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.631 |
| 厚度/mm | 208 |
| 外窗 | 传热系数 $/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ | 1.736 |
| 太阳得热系数 | 0.212 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154428796557054927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
The coefficient of formula solving of heat capacity, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| | | | | | | |
| 0.911 9 | ${1.056} \times {10}^{-3}$ | $- {0.691} \times {10}^{-5}$ | ${3.861} \times {10}^{-3}$ | ${1.059} \times {10}^{-3}$ | $- {1.457} \times {10}^{-4}$ | |
), ArticleFig(id=1154428796619969488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
制热量公式求解的各项系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| | | | | | | |
| 0.911 9 | ${1.056} \times {10}^{-3}$ | $- {0.691} \times {10}^{-5}$ | ${3.861} \times {10}^{-3}$ | ${1.059} \times {10}^{-3}$ | $- {1.457} \times {10}^{-4}$ | |
), ArticleFig(id=1154428796678689745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
The comparison of annual cost between single ground source heat pump system and composite system, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统形式 | A | B1 | B2 | B3 |
| 费用年值/元 | 38505 | 40 260 | 40 288 | 42672 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154428796737410002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428729783734479, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
单一地源热泵与复合系统的费用年值对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统形式 | A | B1 | B2 | B3 |
| 费用年值/元 | 38505 | 40 260 | 40 288 | 42672 |
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