Article(id=1154428296247890794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154428293831975813, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1681401600000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753166754065, onlineDateStr=2025-07-22, pubDate=1708358400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753166754065, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753166754065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753166754065, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154428293831975813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2024', volume='42', issue='2', pageStart='143', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753166753490, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694636757, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156642396780745248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154428293831975813, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156642396780745249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1154428293831975813, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=151, endPage=158, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154428296734430061, articleId=1154428296247890794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Effect of biochar composite carrier on methane production from the mixed anaerobic fermentation of rice straw-pig manure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, biochar composite carrier was constructed by using biochar loaded with different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate, humic acid, Tween 20 and other catalytic regulators, and each composite carrier was added to the rice stubpig manure mixed anaerobic fermentation system for anaerobic fermentation. By measuring the gas production, methane production and the degradation rate of straw lignocellulose of each treatment, the role of biochar composite carrier on methane production in mixed anaerobic fermentation and straw degradation was revealed. The results show that the biochar composite carrier can increase the peak value of methane production and shorten the time of peak value of methane production. Biochar composite carriers can significantly increase the cumulative gas production and the cumulative methane production of anaerobic fermentation systems, with the best effect of biocharloaded Tween 20, followed by biocharloaded humic acid and biocharloaded sodium bicarbonate. Compared with the control group, the gas production and the methane production of biochar loaded Tween 20 treatment increased by 23.18% and 62.20%, respectively. In each treatment, the degradation degree of straw was the highest in biochar loaded Tween 20 treatment, followed by biocharloaded humic acid, biochar loaded sodium bicarbonate and control group. The optimal loading concentrations of Tween 20, humic acid and sodium bicarbonate were 2.25, 0.75, 2.10 g/L, respectively.

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文章利用生物炭负载不同浓度的碳酸氢钠、腐植酸、吐温 20 等催化调节剂构建了生物炭复合载体,并将各复合载体加入到稻秸猪粪混合厌氧发酵系统中进行厌氧发酵。通过测定各处理的产气量、产甲烷量和秸秆木质纤维素的降解率,揭示了生物炭复合载体对混合厌氧发酵产甲烷和秸秆降解的作用。研究结果表明:生物炭复合载体能提高甲烷产气峰值并缩短甲烷产气峰值出现的时间;生物炭复合载体可以显著提高厌氧发酵系统的累积产气量和累积甲烷产量,其中以生物炭负载吐温20的效果最好,其次为生物炭负载腐植酸和生物炭负载碳酸氢钠;与对照组相比,生物炭负载吐温20处理的产气量和甲烷产量分别提高了23.18%和62.20%;在各处理中,秸秆的降解程度以生物炭负载吐温 20 处理最高,其次为生物炭负载腐植酸、生物炭负载碳酸氢钠和对照组;吐温 20、腐植酸和碳酸氢钠的最适负载浓度分别为2.25,0.75, 2.10 g/L。

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陈芳清(1963-),男,博士,教授,主要从事水稻田生物甲烷生产利用及生态恢复的研究。E-mail:
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Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 408: 127322-127322., articleTitle=Mechanisms of genuine humic acid evolution and its dynamic interaction with methane production in anaerobic digestion processes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154428313842996166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, awardId=2016AHB014, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省科技创新专项重点项目(2016AHB014), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154428310063928193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154428310068122498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, companyId=1154428310063928193, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center of Ecological Conservation and Management in Three Gorges Area China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154428310076511107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, companyId=1154428310063928193, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 三峡大学 湖北省三峡地区生态保护与治理国际联合研究中心 湖北 宜昌 443002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154428310131037060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154428310135231365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, companyId=1154428310131037060, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Hubei Zhengjiang Environmental Science and Technology Co., Ltd. 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注:A, B, C, D表示累积产气量的差异水平;a, b, c, d, e 表示累积甲烷产量的差异水平; $P <{0.05}$

, figureFileSmall=a5itzrG7rC5X9P4076HypQ==, figureFileBig=b0gOt/PSGSlywSnweeYnfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428313369039808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Chemical and physical characteristics of the substrates for the mixed anaerobic fermentation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 水稻秸秆 猪粪
总固体(TS)含量/% 73.23 22.35
挥发性固体(VS)含量/% 60.21 16.23
总氮(TN)含量 $/\mathrm{g} \cdot {\mathrm{{kg}}}^{-1}$ 4.32 17.26
总有机碳(TOC)含量/g·kg ${}^{-1}$ 362.00 230.26
总磷(TP)含量 $/\mathrm{g} \cdot {\mathrm{{kg}}}^{-1}$ 0.23 1.62
纤维素含量/% 21.25
半纤维素含量/% 20.59
木质素含量/% 15.71
), ArticleFig(id=1154428313427760065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=厌氧发酵基质的理化特性, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 水稻秸秆 猪粪
总固体(TS)含量/% 73.23 22.35
挥发性固体(VS)含量/% 60.21 16.23
总氮(TN)含量 $/\mathrm{g} \cdot {\mathrm{{kg}}}^{-1}$ 4.32 17.26
总有机碳(TOC)含量/g·kg ${}^{-1}$ 362.00 230.26
总磷(TP)含量 $/\mathrm{g} \cdot {\mathrm{{kg}}}^{-1}$ 0.23 1.62
纤维素含量/% 21.25
半纤维素含量/% 20.59
木质素含量/% 15.71
), ArticleFig(id=1154428313482286018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Experimental design of anaerobic fermentation for methane production using biochar composite carriers, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理 载体竹炭 用量/g 催化 调节剂 负载浓度 g/L 秸秆 猪粪 g 土壤 g 水 mL
NA1 10 碳酸 氢钠 0.30 60 60 80 1000
NA2 0.90 60 60 80 1000
NA3 1.50 60 60 80 1000
NA4 2.10 60 60 80 1 000
NA5 2.70 60 60 80 1000
F1 10 腐植酸 0.15 60 60 80 1000
F2 0.35 60 60 80 1000
F3 0.55 60 60 80 1000
F4 0.75 60 60 80 1000
F5 0.95 60 60 80 1000
T1 10 吐温 20 0.25 60 60 80 1000
T2 0.75 60 60 80 1000
T3 1.25 60 60 80 1000
T4 1.75 60 60 80 1000
T5 2.25 60 60 80 1000
CK 60 60 80 1 000
), ArticleFig(id=1154428313545200579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=生物炭复合载体厌氧发酵产甲烷实验设计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理 载体竹炭 用量/g 催化 调节剂 负载浓度 g/L 秸秆 猪粪 g 土壤 g 水 mL
NA1 10 碳酸 氢钠 0.30 60 60 80 1000
NA2 0.90 60 60 80 1000
NA3 1.50 60 60 80 1000
NA4 2.10 60 60 80 1 000
NA5 2.70 60 60 80 1000
F1 10 腐植酸 0.15 60 60 80 1000
F2 0.35 60 60 80 1000
F3 0.55 60 60 80 1000
F4 0.75 60 60 80 1000
F5 0.95 60 60 80 1000
T1 10 吐温 20 0.25 60 60 80 1000
T2 0.75 60 60 80 1000
T3 1.25 60 60 80 1000
T4 1.75 60 60 80 1000
T5 2.25 60 60 80 1000
CK 60 60 80 1 000
), ArticleFig(id=1154428313616503748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Effect of biochar composite carrier on straw degradation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理 纤维素 半纤维素 木质素
含量/% 降解率1% 含量/% 降解率1% 含量/% 降解率1%
NA1 ${13.42} \pm {1.94}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${35.67} \pm {10.48}{}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${13.95} \pm {0.42}^{a}$ ${28.73} \pm {1.05}^{d}$ ${11.08} \pm {1.20}{}^{a}$ ${22.44} \pm {1.07}{}^{a}$
NA2 ${12.94} \pm {0.42}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${35.70} \pm {2.19}{}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${10.46} \pm {0.14}^{c}$ ${48.88} \pm {0.92}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${11.00} \pm {0.42}^{a}$ ${19.80} \pm {3.18}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
NA3 ${11.31} \pm {0.43}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${44.59} \pm {2.75}^{a}$ ${9.73} \pm {0.21}^{\mathrm{d}}$ ${51.96} \pm {1.29}{}^{a}$ ${10.94} \pm {0.32}^{a}$ ${18.32} \pm {2.96}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
NA4 ${13.94} \pm {0.46}^{a}$ ${32.78} \pm {2.03}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${13.18} \pm {0.57}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${34.61} \pm {2.81}^{c}$ ${11.99} \pm {0.25}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${14.68} \pm {1.21}^{\mathrm{b}}$
NA5 ${14.94} \pm {0.75}^{a}$ ${27.99} \pm {4.49}{}^{b}$ ${14.37} \pm {0.05}^{a}$ ${28.37} \pm {0.42}^{d}$ ${12.06} \pm {0.07}^{a}$ ${16.13} \pm {1.32}{}^{b}$
F1 ${13.36} \pm {0.13}^{a}$ ${36.66} \pm {1.12}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${14.65} \pm {0.05}^{a}$ ${24.37} \pm {0.74}^{c}$ ${11.15} \pm {0.55}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${22.44} \pm {1.66}^{1}$
F2 ${12.83} \pm {0.08}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${39.61} \pm {0.03}{}^{a}$ ${14.65} \pm {0.15}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${23.84} \pm {1.75}^{c}$ ${11.09} \pm {0.79}^{a}$ ${22.50} \pm {0.92}^{\mathrm{b}}$
F3 ${12.50} \pm {0.17}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${41.27} \pm {0.48}{}^{a}$ ${14.46} \pm {0.15}^{a}$ ${24.71} \pm {0.47}^{c}$ ${11.04} \pm {0.89}^{a}$ ${22.47} \pm {1.82}^{b}$
F4 ${11.78} \pm {0.59}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${40.98} \pm {0.56}^{a}$ ${9.04} \pm {0.19}^{c}$ ${55.67} \pm {1.26}{}^{a}$ ${10.30} \pm {0.31}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${23.65} \pm {1.11}^{\mathrm{b}}$
F5 ${12.94} \pm {0.79}^{a}$ ${34.73} \pm {1.43}^{c}$ ${10.25} \pm {0.49}{}^{b}$ ${49.42} \pm {2.81}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${10.00} \pm {0.43}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${27.97} \pm {2.92}^{a}$
T1 ${13.44} \pm {0.10}{}^{a}$ ${33.31} \pm {0.65}^{c}$ ${11.27} \pm {0.19}{}^{a}$ ${44.58} \pm {1.25}^{ \circ }$ ${10.95} \pm {0.09}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${21.30} \pm {0.83}{}^{\mathrm{b}}$
T2 ${12.33} \pm {0.17}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${39.27} \pm {0.59}{}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${10.68} \pm {0.25}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${47.12} \pm {1.10}{}^{b}$ ${10.81} \pm {0.46}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${21.05} \pm {0.98}^{\mathrm{b}}$
T3 ${11.50} \pm {0.08}^{ \circ }$ ${43.48} \pm {0.97}^{a}$ ${10.24} \pm {0.08}^{c}$ ${48.88} \pm {0.77}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${10.45} \pm {0.76}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${23.05} \pm {1.37}^{\mathrm{b}}$
T4 ${11.17} \pm {0.08}^{d}$ ${44.84} \pm {0.53}^{a}$ ${10.18} \pm {0.09}^{c}$ ${48.59} \pm {0.54}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${9.78} \pm {0.24}{}^{b}$ ${28.36} \pm {2.00}^{a}$
T5 ${11.00} \pm {0.22}^{\mathrm{d}}$ ${44.78} \pm {1.37}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${8.65} \pm {0.16}^{\mathrm{d}}$ ${57.06} \pm {0.99}{}^{a}$ ${9.64} \pm {0.05}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${28.32} \pm {0.56}^{a}$
NA 均值 ${13.31} \pm {1.50}^{B}$ ${35.29} \pm {7.25}^{A}$ ${12.34} \pm {1.97}^{A}$ ${38.62} \pm {10.44}{}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ ${11.41} \pm {0.72}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ ${18.23} \pm {3.34}^{B}$
F 均值 ${12.68} \pm {0.67}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ ${38.57} \pm {2.76}^{A}$ ${12.61} \pm {2.55}^{A}$ ${35.99} \pm {14.53}{}^{B}$ ${10.71} \pm {0.72}^{\mathrm{{BC}}}$ ${23.73} \pm {2.70}^{A}$
T 均值 ${11.89} \pm {0.94}^{\mathrm{c}}$ ${41.13} \pm {4.63}^{A}$ ${10.21} \pm {0.91}^{\mathrm{B}}$ ${49.21} \pm {4.41}^{A}$ ${10.33} \pm {0.65}^{\mathrm{c}}$ ${24.35} \pm {3.58}^{A}$
CK ${14.92} \pm {0.08}^{\mathrm{A}}$ ${27.67} \pm {0.70}{}^{B}$ ${14.36} \pm {0.11}^{\mathrm{A}}$ ${27.99} \pm {0.77}^{B}$ ${11.59} \pm {0.26}^{\mathrm{A}}$ ${19.95} \pm {2.13}^{\mathrm{B}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154428313679418309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428296247890794, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=生物炭复合载体对稻秸降解的影响, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理 纤维素 半纤维素 木质素
含量/% 降解率1% 含量/% 降解率1% 含量/% 降解率1%
NA1 ${13.42} \pm {1.94}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${35.67} \pm {10.48}{}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${13.95} \pm {0.42}^{a}$ ${28.73} \pm {1.05}^{d}$ ${11.08} \pm {1.20}{}^{a}$ ${22.44} \pm {1.07}{}^{a}$
NA2 ${12.94} \pm {0.42}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${35.70} \pm {2.19}{}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${10.46} \pm {0.14}^{c}$ ${48.88} \pm {0.92}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${11.00} \pm {0.42}^{a}$ ${19.80} \pm {3.18}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
NA3 ${11.31} \pm {0.43}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${44.59} \pm {2.75}^{a}$ ${9.73} \pm {0.21}^{\mathrm{d}}$ ${51.96} \pm {1.29}{}^{a}$ ${10.94} \pm {0.32}^{a}$ ${18.32} \pm {2.96}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
NA4 ${13.94} \pm {0.46}^{a}$ ${32.78} \pm {2.03}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${13.18} \pm {0.57}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${34.61} \pm {2.81}^{c}$ ${11.99} \pm {0.25}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${14.68} \pm {1.21}^{\mathrm{b}}$
NA5 ${14.94} \pm {0.75}^{a}$ ${27.99} \pm {4.49}{}^{b}$ ${14.37} \pm {0.05}^{a}$ ${28.37} \pm {0.42}^{d}$ ${12.06} \pm {0.07}^{a}$ ${16.13} \pm {1.32}{}^{b}$
F1 ${13.36} \pm {0.13}^{a}$ ${36.66} \pm {1.12}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${14.65} \pm {0.05}^{a}$ ${24.37} \pm {0.74}^{c}$ ${11.15} \pm {0.55}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${22.44} \pm {1.66}^{1}$
F2 ${12.83} \pm {0.08}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${39.61} \pm {0.03}{}^{a}$ ${14.65} \pm {0.15}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${23.84} \pm {1.75}^{c}$ ${11.09} \pm {0.79}^{a}$ ${22.50} \pm {0.92}^{\mathrm{b}}$
F3 ${12.50} \pm {0.17}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${41.27} \pm {0.48}{}^{a}$ ${14.46} \pm {0.15}^{a}$ ${24.71} \pm {0.47}^{c}$ ${11.04} \pm {0.89}^{a}$ ${22.47} \pm {1.82}^{b}$
F4 ${11.78} \pm {0.59}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${40.98} \pm {0.56}^{a}$ ${9.04} \pm {0.19}^{c}$ ${55.67} \pm {1.26}{}^{a}$ ${10.30} \pm {0.31}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${23.65} \pm {1.11}^{\mathrm{b}}$
F5 ${12.94} \pm {0.79}^{a}$ ${34.73} \pm {1.43}^{c}$ ${10.25} \pm {0.49}{}^{b}$ ${49.42} \pm {2.81}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${10.00} \pm {0.43}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${27.97} \pm {2.92}^{a}$
T1 ${13.44} \pm {0.10}{}^{a}$ ${33.31} \pm {0.65}^{c}$ ${11.27} \pm {0.19}{}^{a}$ ${44.58} \pm {1.25}^{ \circ }$ ${10.95} \pm {0.09}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${21.30} \pm {0.83}{}^{\mathrm{b}}$
T2 ${12.33} \pm {0.17}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${39.27} \pm {0.59}{}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${10.68} \pm {0.25}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${47.12} \pm {1.10}{}^{b}$ ${10.81} \pm {0.46}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${21.05} \pm {0.98}^{\mathrm{b}}$
T3 ${11.50} \pm {0.08}^{ \circ }$ ${43.48} \pm {0.97}^{a}$ ${10.24} \pm {0.08}^{c}$ ${48.88} \pm {0.77}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${10.45} \pm {0.76}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$ ${23.05} \pm {1.37}^{\mathrm{b}}$
T4 ${11.17} \pm {0.08}^{d}$ ${44.84} \pm {0.53}^{a}$ ${10.18} \pm {0.09}^{c}$ ${48.59} \pm {0.54}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${9.78} \pm {0.24}{}^{b}$ ${28.36} \pm {2.00}^{a}$
T5 ${11.00} \pm {0.22}^{\mathrm{d}}$ ${44.78} \pm {1.37}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${8.65} \pm {0.16}^{\mathrm{d}}$ ${57.06} \pm {0.99}{}^{a}$ ${9.64} \pm {0.05}^{\mathrm{b}}$ ${28.32} \pm {0.56}^{a}$
NA 均值 ${13.31} \pm {1.50}^{B}$ ${35.29} \pm {7.25}^{A}$ ${12.34} \pm {1.97}^{A}$ ${38.62} \pm {10.44}{}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ ${11.41} \pm {0.72}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ ${18.23} \pm {3.34}^{B}$
F 均值 ${12.68} \pm {0.67}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ ${38.57} \pm {2.76}^{A}$ ${12.61} \pm {2.55}^{A}$ ${35.99} \pm {14.53}{}^{B}$ ${10.71} \pm {0.72}^{\mathrm{{BC}}}$ ${23.73} \pm {2.70}^{A}$
T 均值 ${11.89} \pm {0.94}^{\mathrm{c}}$ ${41.13} \pm {4.63}^{A}$ ${10.21} \pm {0.91}^{\mathrm{B}}$ ${49.21} \pm {4.41}^{A}$ ${10.33} \pm {0.65}^{\mathrm{c}}$ ${24.35} \pm {3.58}^{A}$
CK ${14.92} \pm {0.08}^{\mathrm{A}}$ ${27.67} \pm {0.70}{}^{B}$ ${14.36} \pm {0.11}^{\mathrm{A}}$ ${27.99} \pm {0.77}^{B}$ ${11.59} \pm {0.26}^{\mathrm{A}}$ ${19.95} \pm {2.13}^{\mathrm{B}}$
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生物炭复合载体对稻秸-猪粪混合厌氧发酵产甲烷的影响
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花瑞林 1 , 陈芳清 1 , 黄永文 2 , 刘杨赟 2 , 黎泽玉 3
可再生能源 | 2024,42(2): 151-158
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可再生能源 | 2024, 42(2): 151-158
生物炭复合载体对稻秸-猪粪混合厌氧发酵产甲烷的影响
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花瑞林1, 陈芳清1 , 黄永文2, 刘杨赟2, 黎泽玉3
作者信息
  • 1 三峡大学 湖北省三峡地区生态保护与治理国际联合研究中心 湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 2 湖北省正江环保科技有限责任公司 湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 3 湖北省宜昌市生态环境局 水土污染防治管理中心 湖北 宜昌 443002

通讯作者:

陈芳清(1963-),男,博士,教授,主要从事水稻田生物甲烷生产利用及生态恢复的研究。E-mail:
Effect of biochar composite carrier on methane production from the mixed anaerobic fermentation of rice straw-pig manure
Ruilin Hua1, Fangqing Chen1 , Yongwen Huang2, Yangyun Liu2, Zeyu Li3
Affiliations
  • 1 Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center of Ecological Conservation and Management in Three Gorges Area China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 China
  • 2 Hubei Zhengjiang Environmental Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Yichang 443002 China
  • 3 Yichang Water and Soil Pollution Prevention and Management Center Bureau of Ecology and Environment Yichang 443002 China
出版时间: 2024-02-20
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文章利用生物炭负载不同浓度的碳酸氢钠、腐植酸、吐温 20 等催化调节剂构建了生物炭复合载体,并将各复合载体加入到稻秸猪粪混合厌氧发酵系统中进行厌氧发酵。通过测定各处理的产气量、产甲烷量和秸秆木质纤维素的降解率,揭示了生物炭复合载体对混合厌氧发酵产甲烷和秸秆降解的作用。研究结果表明:生物炭复合载体能提高甲烷产气峰值并缩短甲烷产气峰值出现的时间;生物炭复合载体可以显著提高厌氧发酵系统的累积产气量和累积甲烷产量,其中以生物炭负载吐温20的效果最好,其次为生物炭负载腐植酸和生物炭负载碳酸氢钠;与对照组相比,生物炭负载吐温20处理的产气量和甲烷产量分别提高了23.18%和62.20%;在各处理中,秸秆的降解程度以生物炭负载吐温 20 处理最高,其次为生物炭负载腐植酸、生物炭负载碳酸氢钠和对照组;吐温 20、腐植酸和碳酸氢钠的最适负载浓度分别为2.25,0.75, 2.10 g/L。

田间混合厌氧发酵  /  催化调节剂  /  生物炭  /  复合载体  /  甲烷

In this paper, biochar composite carrier was constructed by using biochar loaded with different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate, humic acid, Tween 20 and other catalytic regulators, and each composite carrier was added to the rice stubpig manure mixed anaerobic fermentation system for anaerobic fermentation. By measuring the gas production, methane production and the degradation rate of straw lignocellulose of each treatment, the role of biochar composite carrier on methane production in mixed anaerobic fermentation and straw degradation was revealed. The results show that the biochar composite carrier can increase the peak value of methane production and shorten the time of peak value of methane production. Biochar composite carriers can significantly increase the cumulative gas production and the cumulative methane production of anaerobic fermentation systems, with the best effect of biocharloaded Tween 20, followed by biocharloaded humic acid and biocharloaded sodium bicarbonate. Compared with the control group, the gas production and the methane production of biochar loaded Tween 20 treatment increased by 23.18% and 62.20%, respectively. In each treatment, the degradation degree of straw was the highest in biochar loaded Tween 20 treatment, followed by biocharloaded humic acid, biochar loaded sodium bicarbonate and control group. The optimal loading concentrations of Tween 20, humic acid and sodium bicarbonate were 2.25, 0.75, 2.10 g/L, respectively.

field mixed anaerobic fermentation  /  catalytic regulator  /  biochar  /  composite carrier  /  methane
花瑞林, 陈芳清, 黄永文, 刘杨赟, 黎泽玉. 生物炭复合载体对稻秸-猪粪混合厌氧发酵产甲烷的影响. 可再生能源, 2024 , 42 (2) : 151 -158 .
Ruilin Hua, Fangqing Chen, Yongwen Huang, Yangyun Liu, Zeyu Li. Effect of biochar composite carrier on methane production from the mixed anaerobic fermentation of rice straw-pig manure[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024 , 42 (2) : 151 -158 .
水稻生产每年都会产生大量的水稻秸秆, 水稻秸秆的无害化利用一直是困扰中国以及世界其它产稻国的难题 [ 1 ] 。水稻秸秆的利用方式包括作为农家燃料或牲畜饲料、堆肥还田、作为生物发酵基质等 [ 2 ] ,这些利用方式存在污染环境、利用效率低、运输不便等问题,为了克服上述问题,人们研发了一种以水稻秸秆为基质在田间实地厌氧发酵产甲烷的“GET”技术[ 3 ]。该技术开辟了一种水稻秸秆利用的新途径, 但由于水稻秸秆碳氮比失调,相对较低的秸秆降解率一定程度上限制了该技术的推广应用。为此, 耿启明结合我国的农业生产实际, 对该技术进行了改进, 将水稻秸秆和农家肥混合后与农田土壤分层堆积成垄,并通过膜覆盖和水淹创造无氧环境, 使水稻秸秆和农家肥进行厌氧发酵产甲烷,然后用集气袋收集利用, 形成了水稻秸秆与农家肥混合田间实地厌氧发酵产甲烷的“BMF”技术[ 4 ]。该技术通过改变发酵基质碳氮比和接种发酵母液,提高了水稻秸秆的田间降解率和甲烷产率, 并为农家肥的利用提供了一条新途径。
水稻秸秆田间厌氧发酵产甲烷主要是在冬季农闲季节进行,由于时间短、温度低,加快厌氧发酵进程和提高甲烷产率是 BMF 技术推广与应用的关键。基于 BMF 技术, 张行进一步开展了添加催化调节剂加快厌氧发酵进程的研究, 发现腐植酸、吐温 20 和碳酸氢钠等催化调节剂能通过改变反应的酸碱性和增加反应面积促进水稻秸秆的厌氧发酵进程,提高甲烷产量[ 5 ]。向玲发现,生物炭具有孔隙发达、比表面积大等特征,可用作催化调节剂的载体 [ 6 ]
本研究以水稻秸秆、猪粪和水稻土模拟构建田间厌氧发酵系统, 利用生物炭负载不同浓度的碳酸氢钠、腐植酸和吐温 20 构建生物炭复合载体,并将各生物炭复合载体加入到厌氧发酵系统中,通过测定各处理的产气量、甲烷产量、甲烷含量、累积甲烷产量以及发酵前后的纤维素含量变化等,揭示生物炭复合载体对水稻秸秆与猪粪混合厌氧发酵产甲烷的影响, 以期为 BMF 技术的优化和推广应用提供参考。
实验所用发酵基质(水稻秸秆和猪粪)和水稻田土壤均取自湖北省宜昌农科所, 经自然风干后取回备用,其中水稻秸秆切成 3~5 cm 的小段。发酵基质的理化性质见 表 1
利用自制的厌氧发酵装置 ( 图 1 )进行厌氧发酵实验。该装置包括 1 个 2 L 的发酵瓶和 1 个 1 L 的气体收集瓶及其相关的连通管道, 每套装置为 1 个实验单元。每个发酵瓶中分别添加一定量的发酵基质(水稻秸秆和猪粪)、水稻田土壤(模拟稻田发酵的微生物与土壤环境)、无菌水和生物炭复合载体。
1-取液管;2-止水夹;3-甲烷收集器;4-厌氧发酵反应器; 5-厌氧发酵基质; 6-水箱
实验以河南立泽环保科技有限公司生产的竹质生物炭为载体,以碳酸氢钠(NA)、腐植酸(F)和吐温 20(T)溶液为负载物,通过浸泡 ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 完全吸附的方式生成生物炭复合载体。每种催化调节剂根据以往实验研究分别设置 5 个浓度梯度 [ 5 ] , 同时设置不添加生物炭复合载体的对照组 (CK), 每个处理重复 3 次。不同处理需要添加的各物质的量如 表 2 所示。将各处理需要添加的物质装入发酵瓶中充分混合,然后将发酵瓶密封,放入 (35±1)℃恒温气候箱中进行混合厌氧发酵实验, 实验持续 ${90}\mathrm{\;d}$ ,期间定期检测产气量和甲烷含量。
在实验开始前分别取样测定发酵基质(水稻秸秆、猪粪)的 TOC, TN, TP, TS 和 VS 含量。其中, 采用 ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}{\mathrm{{Cr}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ 外热源法测定 TOC 含量,采用 K1100 型全自动凯氏定氮仪测定 TN 含量, 采用 Skalar San++型连续流动分析仪测定 TP 含量, 采用干燥恒重法测定 TS 和 VS 含量。从实验开始,每 5 d 对各处理的产气量和甲烷含量进行测定, 采用排水法测定产气量,采用 SP-7890 Plus 型气相色谱仪测定甲烷含量。在实验前和实验结束后分别取样测定秸秆和秸秆残渣的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量,测定方法分别为 72% 浓硫酸水解法、 2 $\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 盐酸水解法和浓硫酸法 [ 7 , 8 ] 。利用以下公式分别计算纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率:
$ X =\frac{{A}_{1}- {A}_{2}\left({1 +{B}_{1}Y +{C}_{1}Z}\right)}{{A}_{1}\left({1 -{A}_{2}}\right)} \times {100}\%$
$ Y =\frac{{B}_{1}- {B}_{2}\left({1 +{A}_{1}Y +{C}_{1}Z}\right)}{{B}_{1}\left({1 -{B}_{2}}\right)} \times {100}\%$
$ Z =\frac{{C}_{1}- {C}_{2}\left({1 +{A}_{1}X +{B}_{1}Y}\right)}{{C}_{1}\left({1 -{C}_{2}}\right)} \times {100}\%$
式中: $X, Y, Z$ 分别为纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率 $,\%;{A}_{1}$${A}_{2}$ 为降解前后的纤维素含量, $\%;{B}_{1}$${B}_{2}$ 为降解前后的半纤维素含量, $\%;{C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 为降解前后的木质素含量, $\%$
采用 Origin2021 软件对数据进行统计和初步分析,分析不同生物炭复合载体对水稻秸秆与猪粪混合厌氧发酵过程的产气量、甲烷含量、甲烷日产量、累积甲烷产量等的影响, 并分别以生物炭复合载体类型和负载浓度为变量, 以甲烷产气性能 (累积产气量和累积甲烷产量)和秸秆纤维素降解性能(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素降解率)为因变量, 采用 SPSS 25.0 进行单因素方差分析, 分析和比较生物炭复合载体的催化调节剂类型及其负载浓度对水稻秸秆与猪粪混合厌氧发酵系统产气性能和秸秆降解的影响。
生物炭复合载体对稻秸–猪粪混合厌氧发酵产气特性的影响(以同种调节剂不同处理水平的平均值计) 如 图 2 所示。从 图 2 可以看出:各处理的日产气量和甲烷日产量整体呈单峰曲线, 添加生物炭复合载体对混合厌氧发酵系统产甲烷峰值和峰值出现的时间有不同程度的影响; CK 和 F 处理的日产气量与甲烷日产量的峰值均出现在 ${20}\mathrm{\;d}$ 左右,而 $\mathrm{T}$ 处理和 $\mathrm{{NA}}$ 处理的日产气量与甲烷日产量的峰值均出现在 ${15}\mathrm{\;d}$ 左右; $\mathrm{F}$ 处理的日产气量和甲烷日产量的峰值分别为 ${34.80}\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{g}$${18.66}\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{g}$ ,分别较 CK 提高了 23.98%和 43.43%; T 处理的日产气量和甲烷日产量的峰值分别较 CK 提高了 9.73%和 48.31%;NA 处理的日产气量峰值较 CK 低了 3.24%,甲烷日产量峰值较 CK 提高了 8.15%。
图 2 还可以看出: $\mathrm{{NA}}$$\mathrm{T}$ 处理的甲烷含量均在 ${15}\mathrm{\;d}$ 左右出现峰值, $\mathrm{{CK}}$ 处理的甲烷含量峰值出现在 ${20}\mathrm{\;d}$ 左右,而 $\mathrm{F}$ 处理的甲烷含量峰值出现在 ${25}\mathrm{\;d}$ 左右; $\mathrm{T}$ 处理的甲烷含量峰值为 ${62.04}\%$ , 较 CK 提高了 33.85%;F 和 NA 处理的甲烷含量峰值分别较 CK 提高了 14.46%和 10.33%。由于各处理产气量和甲烷含量的不同, 使得各处理的累积甲烷产量出现较大差异,整体为 T>F>NA>CK。 2.2 生物炭复合载体对混合厌氧发酵产气量和甲烷产量的影响
生物炭负载催化调节剂对累积产气量和累积甲烷产量的影响如 图 3 所示。从 图 3(a)可以看出: 生物炭复合载体对稻秸与猪粪混合厌氧发酵产甲烷具有显著的促进作用 $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ ; 与 CK 相比, $\mathrm{T},\mathrm{F}$$\mathrm{{NA}}$ 处理的累积产气量分别增加了 23.18%,15.21%和 18.38%,累积甲烷产量分别增加了 62.20%,48.70%和 16.04%。
图 3 可以看出, 在各处理中, 不同浓度催化调节剂的处理效应有显著差异。在 $\mathrm{T}$ 处理中,各处理水平的累积产气量和累积甲烷产量均显著高于 CK, 并以 T5 处理的累积产气量和累积甲烷产量最高,分别比 CK 提高了 31.37%和 105.98%;在 NA 处理中, 各处理水平的累积产气量和累积甲烷产量均显著高于 $\mathrm{{CK}}$ ,并以 $\mathrm{{NA}}3$ 处理的累积产气量和累积甲烷产量最高,分别比 CK 提高了 27.51%和 40.85%,但 NA1, NA2, NA4 和 NA5 处理的累积产气量差异不显著, NA1, NA5 处理和 CK的累积甲烷产量差异不显著;在 $\mathrm{F}$ 处理中, $\mathrm{F}2,\mathrm{F}3,\mathrm{F}4$$\mathrm{F}5$ 处理的累积产气量与累积甲烷产量均显著高于 $\mathrm{{CK}}$ ,并以 $\mathrm{F}4$ 处理的累积产气量和累积甲烷产量最高,分别比 CK 提高了 23.46%和 69.75%,但 F1 处理的累积产气量与累积甲烷产量与 CK 无显著差异。
生物炭复合载体对稻秸降解的影响见 表 3 。 由 表 3 可以看出:生物炭复合载体对稻秸的降解有着显著的促进作用;各处理以 T 处理的降解效果最好,其次为 $\mathrm{F}$ 处理、 $\mathrm{{NA}}$ 处理和 $\mathrm{{CK}};\mathrm{{CK}}$ 的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为 27.67%, 27.99% 和 19.95%; T 处理的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为 ${41.13}\%,{49.21}\%$${24.35}\%$ ,分别比 CK 提高了 ${48.64}\%,{75.81}\%$${22.06}\%$ ,比 $\mathrm{F}$ 处理提高了 ${6.64}\%,{36.73}\%$${2.61}\%$ ,比 NA 处理提高了 ${16.55}\%,{27.42}\%$ 和 33.57%;在 T 处理中,以 T5 处理的降解效果最好, 其纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别比 CK 提高了 ${61.84}\%,{103.85}\%$${41.95}\%$ ; 在 F 处理中, 以 F4 处理的降解效果最好, 其纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别比 CK 提高了 ${48.10}\%,{98.89}\%$${18.55}\%$ ; 在 NA 处理中,以 NA3 处理的降解效果最好, 其纤维素和半纤维素的降解率分别比 CK 提高了 61.15%和 85.65%。
秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷过程包括水解酸化、产氢产乙酸和产甲烷 3 个阶段。由于发酵基质成分的不同以及发酵微生物系统的差异, 厌氧发酵系统在产气峰值和峰值出现时间上有较大的变化 [ 9 , 10 ] 。催化调节剂的添加能改善厌氧发酵系统的环境,促进厌氧发酵进程[ 11 ]。生物炭复合载体主要是通过生物炭丰富的微孔对生化反应空间的增加以及催化调节剂对厌氧发酵生化反应环境和生化反应的改变来促进厌氧发酵进程 [ 12 , 13 ] 。在本研究中, 生物炭复合载体的添加有效促进了厌氧发酵进程。其中, $\mathrm{T}$ 处理和 $\mathrm{{NA}}$ 处理的产气峰值出现时间比对照提早了 $5\mathrm{\;d}$ 左右,其产气峰值也较对照有显著增加。F 处理的产气峰值出现时间虽没有提前, 但其产气峰值却比对照有显著增加。究其原因, $\mathrm{T}$ 处理所负载的吐温 20 是一种表面活性剂, 它除了可以增加生化反应面积外, 还可以与金属离子形成络合物, 从而改善细胞的通透性, 提高微生物细胞的代谢性能 [ 14 ] 。NA 处理所负载的碳酸氢钠能够调节厌氧发酵系统的 $\mathrm{{pH}}$ 值,增强厌氧发酵系统的缓冲能力, 产甲烷菌适宜在碱性条件下生长, 碳酸氢钠可以缓解有机酸积累对产甲烷菌生长的抑制作用, 从而促进甲烷的生产[ 15 ]。因此, T 处理和 $\mathrm{F}$ 处理能够促进秸秆厌氧发酵进程,提高其产气峰值,并促成产气峰值尽早出现。 $\mathrm{F}$ 处理所负载的腐植酸是一种有机酸,能增强厌氧发酵系统的酸环境, 它本身含有的水解菌和酸化菌也能促进秸秆的分解 [ 16 ] $\mathrm{F}$ 处理能有效促进秸秆降解为单糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸等产物,但由于酸环境对于后期产甲烷菌的生长和代谢有一定的抑制作用, 因此, 其对产气峰值出现的时间没有促进作用,但是能够提高产气峰值。
秸秆的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素可通过水解和酸化作用降解为单糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸等化合物, 能为产氢产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌的生长与代谢提供充足的底物。木质纤维素的降解由内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶和葡萄糖苷酶组成的纤维素酶系统催化完成。在其复杂的生化反应过程中,纤维二糖和葡萄糖浓度对纤维素酶的作用存在反馈调节机制 [ 17 ] 。通过添加一些催化调节剂可以保证纤维素酶的稳定性,促进木质纤维素的降解[ 18 ]。生物炭可以加速乙酰菌与产甲烷菌群落之间的电子传递,促进甲烷的生成 [ 19 ] 。本研究利用生物炭负载吐温 20、碳酸氢钠和腐植酸等催化调节剂来促进厌氧发酵秸秆的降解, 3 种处理对于秸秆纤维素、 半纤维素和木质素的降解均有显著的促进作用。 在 3 种处理中, 以 T 处理的降解效果最好, 其次为 $\mathrm{F}$ 处理和 $\mathrm{{NA}}$ 处理。 $\mathrm{T}$ 处理所负载的吐温 20 为一种非离子表面活性剂, 其在增加反应面积的基础上, 还能阻止木质素对纤维素酶的吸附, 提高酶水解的速度 [ 20 ] $\mathrm{F}$ 处理所负载的腐植酸含有丰富的醌和酮基,能增强电子转移能力,从而促进纤维素降解的酶促反应 [ 21 ] 。NA 处理所负载的碳酸氢钠的Na ${}^{+ }$ 能够渗透纤维素,增大水解酶与木质纤维素的接触面积, 改变纤维的结构和形态, 从而增加秸秆的降解率 [ 22 ]
在产氢产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌的作用下, 木质纤维素降解后所形成的单糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸等化合物会进一步转化为甲烷。单糖等底物的含量在一定程度上决定了甲烷产量的高低 [ 23 ] 。在本研究中, 由于生物炭复合载体促进了稻秸的降解, 增加了厌氧发酵系统单糖等底物以及挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs)等中间产物的含量,为产氢产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌的代谢提供了更为丰富的物质基础, 也就增加了甲烷的产量。由于催化调节剂的作用机制不同,不同催化调节剂的最适负载浓度有较大差异。碳酸氢钠在低浓度 $\left({{0.3}\sim {1.5}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}}\right)$ 时可以促进甲烷的产生,但是随着负载浓度升高,甲烷的产生开始受到抑制,这是因为Na ${}^{+ }$ 对利用丙酸的微生物的抑制作用比利用乙酸的微生物更大, 导致丙酸积累,抑制了甲烷生产[ 22 ]。而腐植酸到达一定浓度之后会降低产甲烷菌的活性, 从而导致甲烷产量降低,因此,其浓度也不能太高 [ 24 ] 。由于吐温 20 是通过增加反应的总面积来促进厌氧发酵的, 其在一定浓度范围内均能促进秸秆降解和甲烷的产生,但是超过一定浓度后,其增强效应不再明显。
本研究选用竹质生物炭负载不同的催化调节剂制成生物炭复合载体, 将它们添加到稻秸与猪粪混合厌氧发酵系统以促进厌氧发酵进程,提高甲烷产量。在 3 种催化调节剂中, 吐温 20、腐植酸和碳酸氢钠的最适负载浓度分别为2.25,0.75, ${2.10}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$ 。研究中所利用的催化调节剂用量不高, 且经济实惠,具有实地生产的经济性和可行性,在促进秸秆降解的同时提高了甲烷产量, 研究结果可为 BMF 技术的改进和推广应用提供参考。
① 稻秸与猪粪混合厌氧发酵的日产气量和甲烷日产量总体呈单峰曲线, 生物炭复合载体可促进稻秸与猪粪混合厌氧发酵进程, $\mathrm{T}$ 处理和 $\mathrm{{NA}}$ 处理能提高产气峰值和促进产气峰值提早出现, F 处理能够提高产气峰值, 但对产气峰值出现的时间没有促进作用。
②生物炭复合载体能够促进水稻秸秆的降解, 各处理的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率均显著高于 $\mathrm{{CK}}$ ,其中以 $\mathrm{T}$ 处理的降解效果最好, 其纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别比 CK 提高了 48.64%, 75.81%% 和 22.06%。
③生物炭复合载体能显著提高稻秸与猪粪混合厌氧发酵系统的累积产气量和累积甲烷产量, 其中, $\mathrm{T}$ 处理的累积甲烷产量最高,其次为 $\mathrm{F}$ 处理和 NA 处理,它们的累积甲烷产量分别比 CK 增加了 ${62.20}\%,{48.70}\%$${16.04}\%$$\mathrm{T},\mathrm{\;F}$$\mathrm{{NA}}$ 处理的催化调节剂最适负载浓度分别为2.25,0.75, 2.10 g/L。
  • 湖北省科技创新专项重点项目(2016AHB014)
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2024年第42卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2023-04-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-22
  • 出版时间:2024-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-14
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湖北省科技创新专项重点项目(2016AHB014)
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    1 三峡大学 湖北省三峡地区生态保护与治理国际联合研究中心 湖北 宜昌 443002
    2 湖北省正江环保科技有限责任公司 湖北 宜昌 443002
    3 湖北省宜昌市生态环境局 水土污染防治管理中心 湖北 宜昌 443002

通讯作者:

陈芳清(1963-),男,博士,教授,主要从事水稻田生物甲烷生产利用及生态恢复的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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