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The optimal control of wave energy converter clusters helps to make full use of wave resources, for which a wave power cluster optimization method based on a hybrid particle swarm algorithm is proposed. Directdriven wave power generators are taken as the research object to explore the mathematical model for the shortterm scale of the steady state of power generation clusters. Wave dynamic pressure, radiation influence among devices and shading effect among devices are considered in order to simulate more accurately the actual effect of deploying a certain density of wave energy devices. With wave cluster power maximization as the optimization objective, a hybrid particle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal parameters of the power generation cluster taking into account the motion of the power generation devices and the energy constraints of the sea area.Crossover and mutation operations are added to the traditional algorithm to cope with the problem of multipeakability in the solution space of the complex equations. The results of the algorithms verify the effectiveness of the cluster optimization method with good solution quality.They also show that the larger the size of the wave power generation cluster, the more complex the radiative influence between the devices and the more obvious the shading effect.
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对波浪能发电集群的优化控制有助于波浪能的有效利用,为此文章提出了基于混合粒子群算法的波浪能发电集群优化方法。以直驱式发电装置为研究对象,探讨其构成发电集群短期尺度下稳定状态的数学模型,由简至繁依次考虑波浪动态压力、装置间辐射影响和遮挡效应,以便更准确地模拟一定密集度的波浪能发电装置部署下的实际效果。以集群功率最大化为优化目标,根据装置运动和海域能量约束,提出混合粒子群算法求解集群的最优参数,在传统算法基础上设定自适应惯性权重并加入交叉和变异操作,以应对复杂集群方程解空间的多峰性问题。算例结果验证了所述集群优化方法的有效性,求解质量良好;同时表明波浪能发电集群规模越大,装置之间的辐射影响越复杂,遮挡效应越明显。
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, authorsList=朱永强, 朱显浩)}, authors=[Author(id=1154428331048030317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zyq@ncepu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154428331098361968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, authorId=1154428331048030317, language=EN, stringName=Yongqiang Zhu, firstName=Yongqiang, middleName=null, lastName=Zhu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154428331152887922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, authorId=1154428331048030317, language=CN, stringName=朱永强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio={"content":"
朱永强(1975-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为新能源发电与并网、综合能源系统。E-mail: zyq@ncepu.edu.cn。
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朱永强(1975-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为新能源发电与并网、综合能源系统。E-mail: zyq@ncepu.edu.cn。
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1 华北电力大学 新能源电力系统国家重点实验室 北京 102206)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154428333325537451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
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波浪与发电装置的空间与时间变量, figureFileSmall=KbF8gUETVQc1Mw2YgQcvJw==, figureFileBig=fsOKPZe0D4wPM6f7ottwPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428333531058350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Spatial schematic of the wave power cluster, figureFileSmall=h5F1q4dwfHTBSizCEKFCMg==, figureFileBig=5ZZtQm5flS9MJOvnhRjc7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428333589778607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
波浪能发电集群空间示意图, figureFileSmall=h5F1q4dwfHTBSizCEKFCMg==, figureFileBig=5ZZtQm5flS9MJOvnhRjc7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428333648498865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Hybrid particle swarm algorithm-based optimization process for wave power clusters, figureFileSmall=mq6Ym2jQVCXcXrG5cHZeig==, figureFileBig=EzeCZfhjc018AS+iK4+jYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428333753356467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
基于混合粒子群算法的波浪能发电集群优化流程图, figureFileSmall=mq6Ym2jQVCXcXrG5cHZeig==, figureFileBig=EzeCZfhjc018AS+iK4+jYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428333803688117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Power output of wave generation device with different control parameters, figureFileSmall=/P7Wb/vhEXOD9l3RmQAeuQ==, figureFileBig=S5NFzrS4lhhEr4u4BRBNvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428333866602679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
不同控制参数下的波浪能发电装置功率输出情况, figureFileSmall=/P7Wb/vhEXOD9l3RmQAeuQ==, figureFileBig=S5NFzrS4lhhEr4u4BRBNvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428333954683064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Cluster optimization process when $N = 4$, figureFileSmall=CfaFlaDJVCS4ffrK+SMVcA==, figureFileBig=AhMRRScKwBBd1toJLM+aTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428334025986233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
$N = 4$ 下混合粒子群的优化过程, figureFileSmall=CfaFlaDJVCS4ffrK+SMVcA==, figureFileBig=AhMRRScKwBBd1toJLM+aTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428334093095097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Comparison of the solution quality of the three algorithms, figureFileSmall=hvM+lt4SKCAlv0nBtsJB1g==, figureFileBig=4wigg8BjBniU94mWCrRRVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428334156009659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=
3 种算法的求解质量对比, figureFileSmall=hvM+lt4SKCAlv0nBtsJB1g==, figureFileBig=4wigg8BjBniU94mWCrRRVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428334223118525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Energy distribution at different wave incidence angles for $N = 4$, figureFileSmall=G+IVqcmYRIsuWCFeHiizwQ==, figureFileBig=SlsuTwnyRcTdVSRULWc6qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428334281838783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=
$N = 4$ 时不同波浪入射角度下的波浪能量分布情况, figureFileSmall=G+IVqcmYRIsuWCFeHiizwQ==, figureFileBig=SlsuTwnyRcTdVSRULWc6qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154428334340559041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Power generation device and wave condition parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 | 参数 | 数值 |
| 质量 ${m}_{\mathrm{f}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ | 100.00 | 运动幅度上限 ${Z}_{\min }/\mathrm{m}$ | 1.85 |
| 附加水体质量 ${m}_{\text{add }}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ | 32.00 | 运动幅度下限 ${Z}_{\min }/\mathrm{m}$ | 0.50 |
| 制动器阻尼系数 ${\beta }_{\mathrm{b}}/\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{s} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 403.00 | 运动速度上限 ${V}_{\max }/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ | 3.00 |
| 总弹力系数 ${k}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{N} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 992.00 | 运动速度下限 ${V}_{\min }/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ | 0.50 |
| 水体密度 $\rho /\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ | 998.20 | 平均功率上限 ${P}_{\text{ave.max }}/\mathrm{W}$ | 900.00 |
| 重力加速度 $g/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-2}$ | 9.80 | 平均功率下限 ${P}_{\text{ave.min }}/\mathrm{W}$ | 300.00 |
| 装置所处水深 $D/\mathrm{m}$ | 0.80 | 波浪入射角 $\delta$ /( ${}^{ \circ }$ ) | 90.00 |
| 受力面积 ${S}_{\mathrm{f}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ | 0.32 | 波数 $k/\mathrm{{rad}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 1.20 |
| 相邻装置间隔 $l/\mathrm{m}$ | 2.15 | 波高 $H/\mathrm{m}$ | 1.18 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154428334407667906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
发电装置及波浪环境条件参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 | 参数 | 数值 |
| 质量 ${m}_{\mathrm{f}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ | 100.00 | 运动幅度上限 ${Z}_{\min }/\mathrm{m}$ | 1.85 |
| 附加水体质量 ${m}_{\text{add }}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ | 32.00 | 运动幅度下限 ${Z}_{\min }/\mathrm{m}$ | 0.50 |
| 制动器阻尼系数 ${\beta }_{\mathrm{b}}/\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{s} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 403.00 | 运动速度上限 ${V}_{\max }/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ | 3.00 |
| 总弹力系数 ${k}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{N} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 992.00 | 运动速度下限 ${V}_{\min }/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ | 0.50 |
| 水体密度 $\rho /\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ | 998.20 | 平均功率上限 ${P}_{\text{ave.max }}/\mathrm{W}$ | 900.00 |
| 重力加速度 $g/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-2}$ | 9.80 | 平均功率下限 ${P}_{\text{ave.min }}/\mathrm{W}$ | 300.00 |
| 装置所处水深 $D/\mathrm{m}$ | 0.80 | 波浪入射角 $\delta$ /( ${}^{ \circ }$ ) | 90.00 |
| 受力面积 ${S}_{\mathrm{f}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ | 0.32 | 波数 $k/\mathrm{{rad}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 1.20 |
| 相邻装置间隔 $l/\mathrm{m}$ | 2.15 | 波高 $H/\mathrm{m}$ | 1.18 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154428334470582469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Calculation results of wave power cluster optimization under different models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 计算模型 | 表征参数 | | | (正三角形排布) | (正方形排布) |
| Model 1 (考虑波浪动态压力) | 输出功率 $P$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{l}} = {599.44}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {599.44}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{I}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {599.44}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{I}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{IV}}} = {599.44}\mathrm{\;W}$ |
| Model 2 (考虑波浪动态压力 和装置间辐射影响) | 辐射因子 ${I}_{\text{rad }}$ | | -0.18 | -0.32 | -0.36 |
| 输出功率 $P$ | | ${P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {558.93}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {537.52}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {571.92}\mathrm{\;W}$ |
| Model 3 (考虑波浪动态压力、 装置间辐射影响和 装置间遮挡效应) | 流损因子 $L$ | | ${L}_{1} = {0.97}$ | ${L}_{\mathrm{I}} = {0.95}$ | ${L}_{\mathrm{I}} = {L}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {0.97}$ |
| ${L}_{0} = {0.89}$ | ${L}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {L}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {0.92}$ | ${L}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {L}_{\mathrm{{IV}}} = {0.88}$ |
| 输出功率 $P$ | | ${P}_{\mathrm{i}} = {587.21}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{l}} = {569.10}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{I}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {583.96}\mathrm{\;W}$ |
| ${P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {530.55}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\text{II}} = {P}_{\text{III}} =$ 555.75 W | ${P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{IV}}} = {575.25}\mathrm{\;W}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1154428334537691336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1154428295245452134, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
不同计算模型下波浪能发电集群优化计算结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 计算模型 | 表征参数 | | | (正三角形排布) | (正方形排布) |
| Model 1 (考虑波浪动态压力) | 输出功率 $P$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{l}} = {599.44}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {599.44}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{I}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {599.44}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{I}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{IV}}} = {599.44}\mathrm{\;W}$ |
| Model 2 (考虑波浪动态压力 和装置间辐射影响) | 辐射因子 ${I}_{\text{rad }}$ | | -0.18 | -0.32 | -0.36 |
| 输出功率 $P$ | | ${P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {558.93}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {537.52}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{F}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {571.92}\mathrm{\;W}$ |
| Model 3 (考虑波浪动态压力、 装置间辐射影响和 装置间遮挡效应) | 流损因子 $L$ | | ${L}_{1} = {0.97}$ | ${L}_{\mathrm{I}} = {0.95}$ | ${L}_{\mathrm{I}} = {L}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {0.97}$ |
| ${L}_{0} = {0.89}$ | ${L}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {L}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {0.92}$ | ${L}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {L}_{\mathrm{{IV}}} = {0.88}$ |
| 输出功率 $P$ | | ${P}_{\mathrm{i}} = {587.21}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{l}} = {569.10}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\mathrm{I}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {583.96}\mathrm{\;W}$ |
| ${P}_{\mathrm{{II}}} = {530.55}\mathrm{\;W}$ | ${P}_{\text{II}} = {P}_{\text{III}} =$ 555.75 W | ${P}_{\mathrm{{III}}} = {P}_{\mathrm{{IV}}} = {575.25}\mathrm{\;W}$ |
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