Article(id=1152993541086237654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1682524800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752824681778, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1742400000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752824681778, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752824681778, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752824681778, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152988797865283976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2025', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='285', pageEnd='426', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752823550907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694485968, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641764313260888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641764313260889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=333, endPage=338, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152993541430170583, articleId=1152993541086237654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=The defect of wind turbine blade based on pulse infrared thermography method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For the identification of wind turbine blade defect types. First, a physical models of thermal reflection coefficients of the defect were established. A new identification method of wind turbine blade defects based on the combination of thermal signal reconstruction technology and thermal reflection coefficient of defective materials was proposed. Then, the wind turbine blades specimen containing (bubble, impurity, wrinkle) was performed by the longpulse infrared thermogaphy technology. The experiments were subjected to nondestructive testing for two heating times. It is found from the experiments results that the defects of wind turbine blade specimen could identify by longpulse infrared thermal imaging technology at temperature cooling process. Experiments have proved that the physical models of the thermal reflection coefficient are feasible. The error between the test results and the prediction results is very small.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Linlin Wang, Changzheng Chen, Bo Zhou, Shuang Kang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1152993554159883238, articleId=1152993541086237654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=CN, title=基于脉冲红外热像技术的叶片缺陷识别, columnId=null, journalTitle=可再生能源, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对风力机叶片缺陷类型识别问题,文章首先建立了缺陷热反射系数(R)物理模型,提出了基于热像信号重建技术和缺陷R相结合的方法;然后,利用长脉冲红外热像技术对含有气泡、杂质、褶皱的风力机叶片试件进行不同加热时间的试验。试验结果表明:长脉冲红外热像技术在温度冷却过程中能够识别叶片试件中的缺陷;通过热像信号重建技术处理后的热序图可以识别叶片的缺陷。试验结果和预测结果的误差很小,证明建立的叶片缺陷R物理模型是可行的。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Eo7Dxtiy2CTw+0G2Opz83A==, magXml=Re1LvV1Rl/72Pe6XnvVNbw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=JQnMsWu7YLxQlf3YN07pDQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=VXnguwW0d+6pDsoZctwpNg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王琳琳(1982-),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为风力机叶片疲劳损伤和大型设备的故障诊断。E-mail:

, authorsList=王琳琳, 陈长征, 周勃, 康爽)}, authors=[Author(id=1159145602849551127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wll_2016@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1159145602933437209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, authorId=1159145602849551127, language=EN, stringName=Linlin Wang, firstName=Linlin, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Liaoning Provincial College of Communications Shenyang 110122 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1159145602987963162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, authorId=1159145602849551127, language=CN, stringName=王琳琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 辽宁省交通高等专科学校 辽宁 沈阳 110122, bio={"content":"

王琳琳(1982-),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为风力机叶片疲劳损伤和大型设备的故障诊断。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王琳琳(1982-),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为风力机叶片疲劳损伤和大型设备的故障诊断。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145602539172621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602543366926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602539172621, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Liaoning Provincial College of Communications Shenyang 110122 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602551755535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602539172621, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 辽宁省交通高等专科学校 辽宁 沈阳 110122)])]), Author(id=1159145603034100508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1159145603117986590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, authorId=1159145603034100508, language=EN, stringName=Changzheng Chen, firstName=Changzheng, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1159145603168318239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, authorId=1159145603034100508, language=CN, stringName=陈长征, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 沈阳工业大学 辽宁 沈阳 110870, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145602639835920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602656613137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602639835920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602665001746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602639835920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 沈阳工业大学 辽宁 沈阳 110870)])]), Author(id=1159145603248010017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1159145603310924579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, authorId=1159145603248010017, language=EN, stringName=Bo Zhou, firstName=Bo, middleName=null, lastName=Zhou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1159145603365450532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, authorId=1159145603248010017, language=CN, stringName=周勃, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 沈阳工业大学 辽宁 沈阳 110870, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145602639835920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602656613137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602639835920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602665001746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602639835920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 沈阳工业大学 辽宁 沈阳 110870)])]), Author(id=1159145603415782182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1159145603482891048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, authorId=1159145603415782182, language=EN, stringName=Shuang Kang, firstName=Shuang, middleName=null, lastName=Kang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 Baicheng Normal University Baicheng 137000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1159145603533222697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, authorId=1159145603415782182, language=CN, stringName=康爽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 白城师范学院 吉林 白城 137000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145602753082131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602757276436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602753082131, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Baicheng Normal University Baicheng 137000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602765665045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602753082131, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 白城师范学院 吉林 白城 137000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1159145603659051818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=long pulse infrared thermogaphy technology), Keyword(id=1159145603721966379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=defect type), Keyword(id=1159145603768103724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=thermal reflection coefficient), Keyword(id=1159145603818435373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=thermal signal reconstruction technology), Keyword(id=1159145603868767022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=长脉冲红外热像技术), Keyword(id=1159145603919098671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=缺陷识别), Keyword(id=1159145603965236016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=热反射系数), Keyword(id=1159145604019761969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=热像信号重建技术)], refs=[Reference(id=1159145605508739910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=60, issue=null, pageStart=1225, pageEnd=1250, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Yang R Z, He Y Z, Zhang H, journalName=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang R Z, He Y Z, Zhang H. Progress and trends in nondestructive testing and evaluation for wind turbine composite blade[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 60: 1225-1250., articleTitle=Progress and trends in nondestructive testing and evaluation for wind turbine composite blade, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145605575848775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=87, issue=null, pageStart=7, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Almond D P, Angioni S L, Pickering S G, journalName=NDT & E International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Almond D P, Angioni S L, Pickering S G. Long pulse excitation thermographic non-destructive evaluation[J]. NDT & E International, 2017, 87: 7-14., articleTitle=Long pulse excitation thermographic non-destructive evaluation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145605630374728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=99, issue=null, pageStart=93, pageEnd=104, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Wang Z J, Tian G Y, Meo M, journalName=NDT & E International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z J, Tian G Y, Meo M, et al. Image processing based quantitative damage evaluation in composites with long pulse thermography[J]. NDT & E International, 2018, 99: 93-104., articleTitle=Image processing based quantitative damage evaluation in composites with long pulse thermography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145605693289289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=23, issue=3A, pageStart=1313, pageEnd=1321, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Tang Q J, Gao S S, Liu Y J, journalName=Thermal Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang Q J, Gao S S, Liu Y J, et al. Experimental research on YSZ TBC structure debonding defect detection using long pulsed excitation of infrared thermal wave non destructive testing[J]. Thermal Science, 2019, 23(3A): 1313-1321., articleTitle=Experimental research on YSZ TBC structure debonding defect detection using long pulsed excitation of infrared thermal wave non destructive testing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145605752009546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=102, issue=null, pageStart=254, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Palumbo D, Cavallo P, Galietti U, journalName=NDT & E International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Palumbo D, Cavallo P, Galietti U. An investigation of the stepped thermography technique for defects evaluation in GFRP materials[J]. NDT & E International, 2019, 102: 254-263., articleTitle=An investigation of the stepped thermography technique for defects evaluation in GFRP materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145605802341195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=138, issue=null, pageStart=112004, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Sun J G, journalName=Journal of Heat Transfer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun J G. Quantitative three-dimensinoal imaging of heterogeneous materials by thermal tomography[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2016, 138: 112004., articleTitle=Quantitative three-dimensinoal imaging of heterogeneous materials by thermal tomography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145605856867148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=147, issue=null, pageStart=128, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Ekanayake S, Gurram S, Schmitt R H, journalName=Composites Part B: Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ekanayake S, Gurram S, Schmitt R H. Depth determination of defect in CFRP -structures using lock-in thermography[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 147: 128-134., articleTitle=Depth determination of defect in CFRP -structures using lock-in thermography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145605911393101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=2098, pageEnd=2013, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=陶宁, 曾智, 冯立春, journalName=红外与激光工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陶宁, 曾智, 冯立春, 等. 采用脉冲红外成像法的表面下暗藏物蓄热系数的测量[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2011, 40(11): 2098-2013., articleTitle=采用脉冲红外成像法的表面下暗藏物蓄热系数的测量, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145605957530446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=14, issue=5, pageStart=1655, pageEnd=1663, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Cheng L, Gao B, Tian G Y, journalName=IEEE Sensor Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng L, Gao B, Tian G Y, et al. Imapact damage detection and identification using eddy current pulsed thermography through integration of PCA and ICA[J]. IEEE Sensor Journal, 2014, 14(5): 1655-1663., articleTitle=Imapact damage detection and identification using eddy current pulsed thermography through integration of PCA and ICA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145606053999439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=73, issue=null, pageStart=28, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Vavilov V P, Burleigh D D, journalName=NDT & E International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vavilov V P, Burleigh D D. Review of pulsed thermal NDT: Physical principles, theory and data processing[J]. NDT & E International, 2015, 73: 28-52., articleTitle=Review of pulsed thermal NDT: Physical principles, theory and data processing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1159145606100136784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=48, issue=null, pageStart=39, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Zeng Z, Li C G, Tao N, journalName=NDT & E International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeng Z, Li C G, Tao N, et al. Depth prediction of non-air interface defect using pulsed thermography[J]. NDT & E International, 2012, 48: 39-45., articleTitle=Depth prediction of non-air interface defect using pulsed thermography, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1159145605345162052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, awardId=51675350, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(51675350), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1159145605391299397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, awardId=JYTMS20230152, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(JYTMS20230152), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145602539172621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602543366926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602539172621, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Liaoning Provincial College of Communications Shenyang 110122 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602551755535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602539172621, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 辽宁省交通高等专科学校 辽宁 沈阳 110122)]), AuthorCompany(id=1159145602639835920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602656613137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602639835920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602665001746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602639835920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 沈阳工业大学 辽宁 沈阳 110870)]), AuthorCompany(id=1159145602753082131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602757276436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602753082131, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Baicheng Normal University Baicheng 137000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145602765665045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, companyId=1159145602753082131, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 白城师范学院 吉林 白城 137000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1159145604170756914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Physical model of thermal reflection coefficient of defects, figureFileSmall=8iMH1aBnKBeBg06gs6vxZg==, figureFileBig=zTbFStXnLqhsnHx29F2HnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604237865779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=缺陷热反射系数的物理模型, figureFileSmall=8iMH1aBnKBeBg06gs6vxZg==, figureFileBig=zTbFStXnLqhsnHx29F2HnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604292391732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Long pulse infrared thermal imaging test device, figureFileSmall=GT9c8mvVHf9WmOTj0krp4A==, figureFileBig=u3dGKAvBSsZGVmAlJapW1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604346917685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=长脉冲红外热像试验装置, figureFileSmall=GT9c8mvVHf9WmOTj0krp4A==, figureFileBig=u3dGKAvBSsZGVmAlJapW1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604418220854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Thermal images at different time of the ${30}\mathrm{\;s}$ heating in long pulse infrared thermograhy test, figureFileSmall=4y/FHMjRbM0GOCNOQUzuSg==, figureFileBig=4luaRQSBA+UWui8JzMAF+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604485329719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=30 s 加热的长脉冲试验的不同时刻热像图, figureFileSmall=4y/FHMjRbM0GOCNOQUzuSg==, figureFileBig=4luaRQSBA+UWui8JzMAF+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604531467064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=TSR thermal images at different time of the ${30}\mathrm{\;s}$ heating in long pulse infrared thermograhy test, figureFileSmall=YcW2ZzIOsJApKOk70GFBaA==, figureFileBig=mjcyXw2q59h7i6hBEh9hBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604598575929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=30 s加热的长脉冲试验的不同时刻 TSR 处理后热像图, figureFileSmall=YcW2ZzIOsJApKOk70GFBaA==, figureFileBig=mjcyXw2q59h7i6hBEh9hBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604644713274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Thermal image and TSR thermal image at the best time of ${40}\mathrm{\;s}$ heating in long pulse infrared thermograhy test, figureFileSmall=OsWSwEUCxxadJotRSOMusA==, figureFileBig=r8PWNkS7Vn6zIXcL6NY12g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604707627835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=${40}\mathrm{\;s}$ 加热长脉冲试验的最佳时刻的热像图和 TSR 热像图, figureFileSmall=OsWSwEUCxxadJotRSOMusA==, figureFileBig=r8PWNkS7Vn6zIXcL6NY12g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604770542396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Schematic diagram of the temperature value of the blade simulation specimen, figureFileSmall=frjKYGB7p4Ip0Jy3AqO0xg==, figureFileBig=o8tLnRYRNv9y8hO9T8HCjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604825068349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=叶片试件取温度值的示意图, figureFileSmall=frjKYGB7p4Ip0Jy3AqO0xg==, figureFileBig=o8tLnRYRNv9y8hO9T8HCjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604925731646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Temperature change curve of long-pulse infrared thermal imaging test during, figureFileSmall=YdyGzWqyQg22BywJcnAe2w==, figureFileBig=e/ZAr2bsQUPEEcFMxB1vLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145604997034815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=长脉冲红外热像试验降温过程的温度变化曲线, figureFileSmall=YdyGzWqyQg22BywJcnAe2w==, figureFileBig=e/ZAr2bsQUPEEcFMxB1vLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145605047366464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Performance parameters of materials, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 密度 比热容/J 传热系数
GFRP 1500 600 0.3
PC 1 256 1.26 0.194
AIR 1.205 1003 0.026
), ArticleFig(id=1159145605097698113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=材料的性能参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 密度 比热容/J 传热系数
GFRP 1500 600 0.3
PC 1 256 1.26 0.194
AIR 1.205 1003 0.026
), ArticleFig(id=1159145605143835458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Thermal reflection coefficient of defect during the test, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
缺陷位置 误差率1%
1 号缺陷区 0.931 2 0.931 1 4
2 号缺陷区 0.928 4 0.928 2 7
3 号缺陷区 0.973 1 0.973 2 6
), ArticleFig(id=1159145605215138627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152993541086237654, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=试验过程缺陷的 $\mathbf{R}$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
缺陷位置 误差率1%
1 号缺陷区 0.931 2 0.931 1 4
2 号缺陷区 0.928 4 0.928 2 7
3 号缺陷区 0.973 1 0.973 2 6
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146118781765529606, delFlag=0, nameCn=可再生能源, nameEn=Renewable Energy Resources, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-5292, eissn=, cn=21-1469/TK, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=JwZjzvOuLF6gg7XdYa5wzg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Renew Energy Res, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1755588886026, createdBy=null, updatedBy=15831073675, firstLetterCn=R, firstLetterEn=R, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=JwZjzvOuLF6gg7XdYa5wzg==, picEn=JbD+CPZ3qeyTMjY1NLqExg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1164587454112678277, language=CN, name=可再生能源, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://kzsny.com/, createdTime=1755588886049, updatedTime=1755588886049, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/PromptPageInfo.aspx?t=v&c=1, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=3, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1164587454167204230, language=EN, name=Renewable Energy Resources, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1755588886062, updatedTime=1755588886062, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://ncny.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorEN/index.aspx?t=3, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146119893612605453, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202370429360, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146119893612605453, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kzsny/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112772, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753519535151, updateBy=18614031015, name=《可再生能源》-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=可再生能源, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148619523667816493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202370429360, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781834761, updateTime=1751781834761, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148619523642650666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202370429360, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781834755, updateTime=1751781834755, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148619523634262057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202370429360, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=y1rtJt0tFAqUB4W3g4tlSw==, createTime=1751781834753, updateTime=1751781834753, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148619523659427884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202370429360, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781834759, updateTime=1751781834759, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148619523651039275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202370429360, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781834757, updateTime=1751781834757, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155908164001353748, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146119893612605453, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kzsny/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753519582037, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753519582037, updateBy=18614031015, name=《可再生能源》-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Renewable Energy Resources, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155908456914739359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155908164001353748, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753519651869, updateTime=1753519651869, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155908456893767836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155908164001353748, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753519651864, updateTime=1753519651864, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155908456885379227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155908164001353748, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=y1rtJt0tFAqUB4W3g4tlSw==, createTime=1753519651862, updateTime=1753519651862, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155908456906350750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155908164001353748, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753519651867, updateTime=1753519651867, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155908456902156445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155908164001353748, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753519651866, updateTime=1753519651866, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=可再生能源, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Renewable Energy Resources, journalPhotoCn=JwZjzvOuLF6gg7XdYa5wzg==, journalPhotoEn=JbD+CPZ3qeyTMjY1NLqExg==, journalFirstLetter=R, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kzsny/CN/Y2025/V43/I3/333, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kzsny/EN/Y2025/V43/I3/333, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kzsny/CN/PDF/Y2025/V43/I3/333, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kzsny/EN/PDF/Y2025/V43/I3/333, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于脉冲红外热像技术的叶片缺陷识别
收藏切换
PDF下载
王琳琳 1 , 陈长征 2 , 周勃 2 , 康爽 3
可再生能源 | 2025,43(3): 333-338
收起
收藏切换
可再生能源 | 2025, 43(3): 333-338
基于脉冲红外热像技术的叶片缺陷识别
全屏
王琳琳1 , 陈长征2, 周勃2, 康爽3
作者信息
  • 1 辽宁省交通高等专科学校 辽宁 沈阳 110122
  • 2 沈阳工业大学 辽宁 沈阳 110870
  • 3 白城师范学院 吉林 白城 137000
  • 王琳琳(1982-),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为风力机叶片疲劳损伤和大型设备的故障诊断。E-mail:

The defect of wind turbine blade based on pulse infrared thermography method
Linlin Wang1 , Changzheng Chen2, Bo Zhou2, Shuang Kang3
Affiliations
  • 1 Liaoning Provincial College of Communications Shenyang 110122 China
  • 2 Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China
  • 3 Baicheng Normal University Baicheng 137000 China
出版时间: 2025-03-20
文章导航
收藏切换

针对风力机叶片缺陷类型识别问题,文章首先建立了缺陷热反射系数(R)物理模型,提出了基于热像信号重建技术和缺陷R相结合的方法;然后,利用长脉冲红外热像技术对含有气泡、杂质、褶皱的风力机叶片试件进行不同加热时间的试验。试验结果表明:长脉冲红外热像技术在温度冷却过程中能够识别叶片试件中的缺陷;通过热像信号重建技术处理后的热序图可以识别叶片的缺陷。试验结果和预测结果的误差很小,证明建立的叶片缺陷R物理模型是可行的。

长脉冲红外热像技术  /  缺陷识别  /  热反射系数  /  热像信号重建技术

For the identification of wind turbine blade defect types. First, a physical models of thermal reflection coefficients of the defect were established. A new identification method of wind turbine blade defects based on the combination of thermal signal reconstruction technology and thermal reflection coefficient of defective materials was proposed. Then, the wind turbine blades specimen containing (bubble, impurity, wrinkle) was performed by the longpulse infrared thermogaphy technology. The experiments were subjected to nondestructive testing for two heating times. It is found from the experiments results that the defects of wind turbine blade specimen could identify by longpulse infrared thermal imaging technology at temperature cooling process. Experiments have proved that the physical models of the thermal reflection coefficient are feasible. The error between the test results and the prediction results is very small.

long pulse infrared thermogaphy technology  /  defect type  /  thermal reflection coefficient  /  thermal signal reconstruction technology
王琳琳, 陈长征, 周勃, 康爽. 基于脉冲红外热像技术的叶片缺陷识别. 可再生能源, 2025 , 43 (3) : 333 -338 .
Linlin Wang, Changzheng Chen, Bo Zhou, Shuang Kang. The defect of wind turbine blade based on pulse infrared thermography method[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2025 , 43 (3) : 333 -338 .
叶片是风力机的核心部件, 主要材质为玻璃纤维复合材料(GFRP)。受制造工艺和制造者技术因素的影响, 叶片生产过程中难免产生杂质、褶皱、气泡、缺胶、分层等原生缺陷 [ 1 ] 。叶片原生缺陷类型不同,导致缺陷对叶片产生的疲劳损伤机理不同,进而导致叶片的疲劳寿命不同,因此利用无损检测方法对风力机叶片的缺陷类型进行识别是十分必要的。
近年来,随着高速、高灵敏度红外热像仪的出现, 研究人员更注重红外热像技术在无损检测领域的应用。红外热像技术是利用物体在不同温度下辐射出来的红外线成像识别异常状态的技术, 具有非接触、省时、省力、实时快速监测的特点。 根据是否采用热激励分为主动式红外热像技术和被动式红外热像技术,其中长脉冲式红外热像方法是一种特殊的主动红外热像方法, 这种方法能够提高能量和延长激励时间, 使热传导系数小的材料吸收足够热量。专家已使用长脉冲式红外热像方法进行了叶片复合材料缺陷方面的研究, 文献[2 , 3]研究了复合材料缺陷检测,发现采用长脉冲红外热像技术优于传统闪光脉冲红外热像技术。文献[ 4 ]发现,采用长脉冲红外热像技术能够检测热涂层中的脱粘缺陷。
红外热像技术利用热源对材料施加热量,由于材料中的缺陷会阻碍热源的热波传导, 使热波在材料中发生反射, 而材料中缺陷类型热特性与材料热特性不同,导致材料表面温度发生差异 [ 5 ] , 因此, 通过测量表面温度可以进行材料中缺陷类型的识别。表面温度变化与材料和缺陷产生的热反射系数(R)有关, $R$ 可以评估两种介质的热传导能力 [ 6 ] 。计算表面温度时常假设 $R$ 值为1 [ 7,8 ] ,认为热波在材料与空气之间发生反射, 这种假设条件对于识别缺陷材料是不合理的, 须要考虑缺陷材料的热传导能力, 计算实际情况下缺陷与材料的 $R$ 值。缺陷类型不同,则 $R$ 值不同,因此利用 $R$ 值可以实现叶片缺陷类型的识别, 但是, 计算缺陷 $R$ 的物理模型还不存在。因此,本文建立了叶片缺陷 $R$ 物理模型,并利用试验证明物理模型的可行性, 为工程技术人员和科研人员提供一种缺陷类型识别的方法, 同时能够了解缺陷类型对疲劳损伤的影响。
依据风力机叶片的分层、气泡、缺胶、杂质、褶皱等缺陷形成的原因,缺陷的$R$分为 GFRP-Air和 GFRP-Inclusion 两种物理模型(图 1)。因复合材料纤维布之间夹着空气, 使上下纤维布隔离, 从而产生了分层、气泡、缺胶缺陷, 可以看做 GFRP-Air 物理模型。具体的缺陷类型,需要根据缺陷的大小和位置进一步确定。因复合材料纤维布之间夹杂其他内含物, 从而产生了泡沫、褶皱缺陷, 可以看做 GFRP-Inclusion 物理模型。褶皱是由多层复合材料叠加而成, 被看做特殊的 GFRP-Inclusion 物理模型,宏观上尺寸比较大。
GFRP 的$R$
$R = \frac{{e}_{1} - {e}_{2}}{{e}_{1} + {e}_{2}}$
式中:${e}_{1}$为无缺陷材料的蓄热系数;${e}_{2}$为缺陷材料的蓄热系数。
根据两种介质的蓄热系数计算的$R$值均在$\left\lbrack {-1,1}\right\rbrack$ [ 7 ]
材料的蓄热系数$e$
$e = \sqrt{k\rho C}$
式中:$k$为 GFRP 的热传导系数;$\rho$为 GFRP 的密度;$C$为 GFRP 的比热容。
依据物理模型的意义, GFRP-Air 和 GFRP-Inclusion 物理模型的$R$分别为叶片复合材料与空气之间的热传导能力、叶片复合材料与杂质之间的热传导能力,依据式(1)可得:
${R}_{\mathrm{{GFRP}} - \mathrm{{Air}}} = \frac{{e}_{\mathrm{{GFRP}}} - {e}_{\mathrm{{Air}}}}{{e}_{\mathrm{{GFRP}}} + {e}_{\mathrm{{Air}}}}$
${R}_{\mathrm{{GFRP}} - \text{ Inclusion }} = \frac{{e}_{\mathrm{{GFRP}}} - {e}_{\text{Inclusion }}}{{e}_{\mathrm{{GFRP}}} + {e}_{\text{Inclusion }}}$
假设有限厚介质内部两个表面均为绝热边界, 假定物体表面对热源能量完全吸收, 且满足边界条件和能量守恒定律, 利用镜像法解决热传导问题, 得到一维模型下缺陷表面温度随时间变化的表面温度场分布为 [ 6 ]
${T}_{s} = {T}_{0} + \frac{Q}{e\sqrt{t\pi }}\exp \left( {-\frac{{L}^{2}}{4\alpha t}}\right)$
式中:${T}_{s}$为有缺陷区域的温度;${T}_{0}$为试验初始温度;$Q$为试件表面吸收的能量;$L$为缺陷深度;$\alpha$为热扩散系数。
对式(5)两边取自然对数得:
$\ln T = \ln \left( \frac{Q}{e\sqrt{\pi }}\right) - \frac{1}{2}\ln t - \ln \frac{{L}^{2}}{4\alpha t}$
由式 (6) 可知: 在降温过程中, 当理想状态下材料内部没有缺陷时,$\ln T - \ln t$曲线斜率应为$- \frac{1}{2}$; 当试件内部有缺陷时,$\ln T - \ln t$曲线斜率发生变化。
材料存在缺陷, 假设材料表面对脉冲热源能量完全吸收,且满足边界条件及能量守恒定律,对比温度为缺陷区域表面温度与无缺陷区域表面温度差 [ 9 ]
${\Delta T}\left( {0, t}\right) = \frac{2Q}{{e}_{1}\sqrt{\pi t}}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{n = 1}}^{\infty }{R}^{n}\exp \left( {-\frac{{n}^{2}{L}^{2}}{{\alpha }_{1}t}}\right)$
式中:$n$为热波的反射次数;${\alpha }_{1}$为无缺陷材料的热扩散系数。
由于热波衰减很快,对于$n > 1$的高阶次项可以忽略不计。
利用式 (3),(4)计算缺陷物理模型的$R$,利用式(7)计算试验过程的$R$
检测缺陷是通过红外热像序图的视觉表现, 而红外热像仪采集的热序图须要进行后处理才能有效提高图像的信噪比, 减小噪声和热源不均匀的影响。常见热序图处理方法有热像图信号重构法(TSR)、绝对热对比度法(ATC)、脉冲傅里叶法 (PFA)和主成分分析法${\left( \mathrm{{PCA}}\right) }$ [ 10 ] 。目前, TSR 是应用最多的后处理方法, 重建后的图像序图能够提高信噪比和时间、空间分辨率,只须保存多项式系数,减少了数据存储量。
热像信号重建技术是通过脉冲红外热像无损技术开发的图像后处理方法, 可以处理每个像素的时间和空间的热像序图。热像信号重建方法为对式(6)进行多项式拟合,得到的拟合方程为
$\ln \left\lbrack {T\left( t\right) }\right\rbrack = \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{n = 0}}^{N}{a}_{n}{\left\lbrack \ln \left( t\right) \right\rbrack }^{n}$
当每一个点的温度随时间变化的函数由式 (8)拟合出系数后,重建原始数据。
$T\left( t\right) = \exp \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{n = 0}}^{N}{a}_{n}{\left\lbrack \ln \left( t\right) \right\rbrack }^{n}$
根据式(9)重建后进行微分运算,能够得到一阶、二阶微分曲线, 重建后的热像序图提高了信噪比及时间和空间分辨率,有利于缺陷识别。
大型风力机叶片主要采用人工和真空灌注工艺(VARIM)制成,根据风力机叶片缺陷产生的原因,本试验采用人工制作含有杂质 (泡沫)、褶皱、 气泡常见缺陷的风力机叶片试件。试件由${0.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$厚玻璃纤维布和环氧树脂制成。先真空灌注环氧树脂,再进行加热固化,固化温度为${70}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$,固化时间为$4\mathrm{\;h}$。固化后采用砂轮剪切打磨,试件尺寸为${40}\mathrm{\;{mm}} \times {40}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,试件共 6 层。叶片试件中缺陷类型有 1 号杂质 (泡沫)、2 号褶皱和 3 号气泡, 并且 3 种缺陷均放在 2 层与 3 层之间。依据叶片生产过程中缺陷形成的原因,设计缺陷的方法如下:褶皱缺陷是由无碱纤维布经过多层折叠形成的,褶皱缺陷厚度要比叶片试件厚些; 在缺陷位置填入黑色塑料(PC)作为杂质(泡沫)缺陷;气泡缺陷是利用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)与树脂基体很难发生黏连的性质预制成, 使无碱纤维玻璃布隆起, 与下层无碱纤维布不相联。
风力机叶片的长脉冲红外热像无损检测系统包括红外热像仪、热激励源(2.5 kW 卤素灯)、叶片试件、笔记本电脑、试验台(图 2)。红外热像仪与试验台距离为${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$,保证试件装入到镜头中。
实验室密闭,温度为${25}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$,防止其他因素影响试验结果。风力机叶片试件放好后,进行两次试验。第一次为${30}\mathrm{\;s}$加热,然后关闭灯源,总试验时间为${130}\mathrm{s}$。第二次为${40}\mathrm{\;s}$加热,然后关闭灯源,总试验时间为${130}\mathrm{\;s}$。红外热像仪全程记录加热和降温两个阶段试件表面的温度场变化情况, 同时采集红外热像序图。
利用红外热像仪全程监测叶片试件的加热和降温过程。图 3 为加热${30}\mathrm{\;s}$,总计${130}\mathrm{\;s}$试验的叶片试件在不同时刻(15,60,100s)的热像图。
图 3 可知: 在加热${15}\mathrm{\;s}$时,叶片缺陷的位置和形状很不清晰,无法识别缺陷信息;从${60}\mathrm{\;s}$${100}\mathrm{\;s}$的降温过程中的红外热像图可以看出,气泡和杂质缺陷位置和形状隐约出现, 但由于热源不均匀和噪声影响,叶片中缺陷不清晰。为了检测缺陷,对采集的红外热像序图做 TSR 技术的图像数据处理,得到经过二阶微分后的热像序图(图 4)。
图 4 可知:加热过程中缺陷并没有全部出现, 出现的缺陷也不清晰; 缺陷全部清晰出现在刚发生降温的某一时刻, 说明降温过程是长脉冲红外热像技术检测缺陷的最佳时间。这是因为降温后缺陷的温度梯度变化率较大,导致缺陷的热传导变化大。经过 TSR 技术处理后的不同降温时刻热像图减少了热源不均匀性和噪声影响, 使所有缺陷能够清晰识别。对图 3,4 相同时刻 (60,100s)热像图进行对比,发现经过 TSR 方法处理的热像图可以清晰检测出叶片试件中的 3 种缺陷。
在加热${40}\mathrm{\;s}$,总计${130}\mathrm{\;s}$的长脉冲试验中,发现第 55 秒是识别缺陷的最佳时刻,叶片试件中的 3 种缺陷清晰出现(图 5)。
图 5(a)图 3(c) 相比,加热${40}\mathrm{\;s}$比加热${30}\mathrm{\;s}$更清晰显示出缺陷,并且 3 种缺陷出现的时间也早于${30}\mathrm{\;s}$加热的长脉冲红外热像试验。说明了长脉冲红外热像技术能够识别风力机叶片试件的缺陷,并且加热时间长有利于早发现缺陷。因为试件在长时间加热下,试件表面收到了足够多的能量。 当关闭热源时, 能量也能够使热波在试件中传播, 使边界的热扩散和热对流程度减小,缺陷位置和无缺陷位置表面的温度均升高, 这样更能清晰看出缺陷。从图 5(b)图 4(c)可以看出,当相同叶片试件的加热时间不同时, 时间越长越有利于检测出 3 号(气泡)缺陷和 1 号(杂质泡沫)缺陷。
为了确定叶片试件缺陷类型, 须要分析降温过程中缺陷和无缺陷表面温度。在1,2,3号缺陷区域中心点取$3 \times 3$像素温度平均值作为整体褶皱、杂质(泡沫)、气泡缺陷表面温度,无缺陷区域按照$\mathrm{R}1,\mathrm{R}2,\mathrm{R}3,\mathrm{R}4$$3\mathrm{\;{mm}} \times 3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$中心点表面温度取平均值(图 6)。
利用 TSR 技术对采集的温度数据进行处理, 使波动的曲线变得平滑, 从而达到去噪效果, 也消除初始加热不均匀性。长脉冲红外热像试验的缺陷和无缺陷表面温度在降温过程的温度变化曲线如图 7 所示。温度变化曲线比较平滑,去掉了原始信号中的噪声,有利于分析缺陷区和无缺陷表面温度的变化。
图 7 可知: 3 种缺陷深度相同, 缺陷和无缺陷表面温度开始时相同, 在同一分离点表面温度开始变化为不同; 风力机叶片试件吸收能量还没有遇到缺陷时, 表面温度变化相同; 红外热波遇到缺陷时, 缺陷的热反射系数不同, 影响热波传送, 导致各缺陷区域的表面温度变化不同。
计算两种缺陷的 GFRP-Air 和 GFRP-Inclusion 物理模型的$R$。GFRP、空气和黑色塑料(PC) 的物理性质如表 1 所示。
经过式(3),(4)计算,${R}_{\text{GFRP-Inclusion }}$物理模型的$R$${0.9348},{R}_{\mathrm{{GFRP}} - \mathrm{{Air}}}$物理模型的$R$为 0.9787 。
利用试验过程的缺陷表面温度变化、无缺陷材料的蓄热系数和热扩散系数、缺陷深度和试验时间计算试验的$R$。假设热波传播到两种材料界面发生的反射次数$n$为5 [ 11 ] ,利用式 (7) 可以计算出试验过程中缺陷的热反射系数${R}_{\text{test }}$表 2
表 2 可知,1 号缺陷区的$R$大于 2 号缺陷区的$R,1$号缺陷区表面温度较高,与图 6 结果一致。 1 号和 2 号缺陷区的$R$${R}_{\text{GFRP-Inclusion }}$物理模型的$R$相近,可以先确定为含有 Inclusion 的缺陷类型。黑塑料(PC)的比热容和热传导系数比 GFRP 的小, 阻碍热流传播, 导致表面温度较高。而褶皱为多层 GFRP 复合材料的叠加, 与 GFRP 为同种材质, 不会阻碍热流传播, 导致表面温度较低。确定杂质 (泡沫) 缺陷为 1 号缺陷,褶皱缺陷为 2 号缺陷, 与试件的缺陷相符合。 3 号缺陷区的$R$${R}_{\mathrm{{GFRP}} - \mathrm{{Air}}}$物理模型的$R$相近,缺陷尺寸比较大,并在材料内部,确定为气泡缺陷,与试件的缺陷相符合。通过试验证明了利用$R$的物理模型能够识别风力机叶片的褶皱、气泡、杂质(泡沫)缺陷。
本文利用红外热像图的热信号重建技术和 $R$ 相结合的方法研究风力机叶片缺陷识别, 通过长热激励主动红外热像技术对含有杂质(泡沫)、褶皱、气泡缺陷的风力机叶片试件进行不同加热时间的试验,得到以下结论。
①长脉冲主动红外热像技术在冷却过程中能够检测出叶片复合材料缺陷, 采集的热像图经过热信号重建技术后比原热像图更加清晰,提高了信噪比,减少了加热不均匀和噪声的影响。
② 加热 ${40}\mathrm{\;s}$ 比加热 ${30}\mathrm{\;s}$ 可以更早识别叶片中的气泡和杂质缺陷。
③与依据材料性能预测的 $R$ 相比,物理模型 ${R}_{\text{GFRP-Inclusion }}$${R}_{\text{GFRP-Air }}$ 误差分别为 $4\%$$6\%$ ,两者误差均较小, 说明利用缺陷的热反射系数物理模型 ${R}_{\text{GFRP-Inclusion }}$${R}_{\text{GFRP-Air }}$ 判断缺陷类型是可行的。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51675350)
  • 辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(JYTMS20230152)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Yang R Z, He Y Z, Zhang H. Progress and trends in nondestructive testing and evaluation for wind turbine composite blade[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 60: 1225-1250.
[2]
Almond D P, Angioni S L, Pickering S G. Long pulse excitation thermographic non-destructive evaluation[J]. NDT & E International, 2017, 87: 7-14.
[3]
Wang Z J, Tian G Y, Meo M, et al. Image processing based quantitative damage evaluation in composites with long pulse thermography[J]. NDT & E International, 2018, 99: 93-104.
[4]
Tang Q J, Gao S S, Liu Y J, et al. Experimental research on YSZ TBC structure debonding defect detection using long pulsed excitation of infrared thermal wave non destructive testing[J]. Thermal Science, 2019, 23(3A): 1313-1321.
[5]
Palumbo D, Cavallo P, Galietti U. An investigation of the stepped thermography technique for defects evaluation in GFRP materials[J]. NDT & E International, 2019, 102: 254-263.
[6]
Sun J G. Quantitative three-dimensinoal imaging of heterogeneous materials by thermal tomography[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2016, 138: 112004.
[7]
Ekanayake S, Gurram S, Schmitt R H. Depth determination of defect in CFRP -structures using lock-in thermography[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 147: 128-134.
[8]
陶宁, 曾智, 冯立春, 等. 采用脉冲红外成像法的表面下暗藏物蓄热系数的测量[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2011, 40(11): 2098-2013.
[9]
Cheng L, Gao B, Tian G Y, et al. Imapact damage detection and identification using eddy current pulsed thermography through integration of PCA and ICA[J]. IEEE Sensor Journal, 2014, 14(5): 1655-1663.
[10]
Vavilov V P, Burleigh D D. Review of pulsed thermal NDT: Physical principles, theory and data processing[J]. NDT & E International, 2015, 73: 28-52.
[11]
Zeng Z, Li C G, Tao N, et al. Depth prediction of non-air interface defect using pulsed thermography[J]. NDT & E International, 2012, 48: 39-45.
2025年第43卷第3期
PDF下载
200
69
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
  • 接收时间:2023-04-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-27
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51675350)
辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(JYTMS20230152)
作者信息
    1 辽宁省交通高等专科学校 辽宁 沈阳 110122
    2 沈阳工业大学 辽宁 沈阳 110870
    3 白城师范学院 吉林 白城 137000
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kzsny/CN/1152993541086237654
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏