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In this paper, a swirl staged burner with pyrolysis volatiles as fuel was designed. The flow field of the burner combustion process was simulated by ANSYS software, and the flow and combustion characteristics of the burner were studied. The results show that the swirling air of the burner effectively breaks up the pyrolysis volatiles, and achieves the effect of sufficient mixing, stable and uniform flow field and temperature field. The edge flow field generated by swirling air reduces the temperature of the inner wall of the burner (up to 815.69 K), slows down the high temperature corrosion of the wall and reduces the formation of NO₂; the NO₄ concentration in the flue gas of the burner is 43.33 mg/m³, which is significantly lower than the standard limit. The content of pyrolysis volatiles at the outlet of the burner is less than 0.2%.

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文章设计了以热解挥发物为燃料的旋流分级燃烧器,通过ANSYS 软件模拟了燃烧器燃烧过程的流场,并研究了燃烧器的流动和燃烧特性。研究结果表明:燃烧器的旋流空气有效破碎了热解挥发物,达到了混合充分,流场和温度场稳定、均匀的效果;旋流空气产生的边缘流场降低了燃烧器內壁面的溫度(最高为815.69 K),减缓了壁面的高温腐蚀,降低了 NO的生成;燃烧器烟气中的NO浓度为43.33 mg/m³,显著低于标准限额;燃烧器出口处的热解挥发物含量小于0.2%。

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蒋恩臣(1960-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为生物质热化学转化。E-mail:
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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145272564887944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989166624297051, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Components and parameters of pyrolysis volatiles, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分/% 参数
CO 密度 热值 温度/K 压强/kPa
42.38 0.45 3.31 22.45 8.20 10.11 13.10 0.53 4 334.49 573 101.33
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组分/% 参数
CO 密度 热值 温度/K 压强/kPa
42.38 0.45 3.31 22.45 8.20 10.11 13.10 0.53 4 334.49 573 101.33
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结构 参数 数值
整体结构 总长度/m 0.5
总宽度/m 0.2
人口模块 入口模块宽度/m 0.08
入口模块直径/m 0.12
空腔结构 锥形回流室长度/m 0.1
锥形回流室锥角/(°) 33.4
锥形扩流室长度/m 0.27
锥形扩流室锥角/(°) 16
套筒 套筒水平长度/m 0.08
套筒锥角/(°) 16
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结构 参数 数值
整体结构 总长度/m 0.5
总宽度/m 0.2
人口模块 入口模块宽度/m 0.08
入口模块直径/m 0.12
空腔结构 锥形回流室长度/m 0.1
锥形回流室锥角/(°) 33.4
锥形扩流室长度/m 0.27
锥形扩流室锥角/(°) 16
套筒 套筒水平长度/m 0.08
套筒锥角/(°) 16
), ArticleFig(id=1159145272795574668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989166624297051, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Burner reaction parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应参数 数值 反应参数 数值
负载/kW 100 燃料入口 1 流速/m $\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 51.41
燃料流量 $/{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot {\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ 83.05 燃料入口 2 流速/ $\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 17.30
理论空气流量 $/{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot {\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ 156.72 空气入口 1 流速 $/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 17.78
实际空气流量 $/{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot {\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ 172.40 空气入口 2 流速 $/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 45.73
), ArticleFig(id=1159145272854294925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989166624297051, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=燃烧器反应参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应参数 数值 反应参数 数值
负载/kW 100 燃料入口 1 流速/m $\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 51.41
燃料流量 $/{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot {\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ 83.05 燃料入口 2 流速/ $\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 17.30
理论空气流量 $/{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot {\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ 156.72 空气入口 1 流速 $/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 17.78
实际空气流量 $/{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot {\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ 172.40 空气入口 2 流速 $/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ 45.73
), ArticleFig(id=1159145272913015182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989166624297051, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Comparison of simulation and experimental parameters of the pilot plant, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测参数 模拟结果 实测数据 误差/%
监测点 1 温度/K 843.77 813.90 3.67
监测点 2 温度/K 680.15 659.40 3.15
监测点 3 温度/K 565.53 587.20 3.70
监测点 4 温度/K 510.37 510.8 0.08
烟气中 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 浓度 $/\mathrm{{mg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ 58.37 55.6 4.70
), ArticleFig(id=1159145272980124047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989166624297051, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=中试装置的仿真和实验参数对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测参数 模拟结果 实测数据 误差/%
监测点 1 温度/K 843.77 813.90 3.67
监测点 2 温度/K 680.15 659.40 3.15
监测点 3 温度/K 565.53 587.20 3.70
监测点 4 温度/K 510.37 510.8 0.08
烟气中 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 浓度 $/\mathrm{{mg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ 58.37 55.6 4.70
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生物质热解挥发物高效低氮旋流分级燃烧器的设计与模拟
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伍文成 1 , 胡志锋 1 , 任永志 1 , 王明峰 1 , 蒋恩臣 1
可再生能源 | 2025,43(1): 10-16
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可再生能源 | 2025, 43(1): 10-16
生物质热解挥发物高效低氮旋流分级燃烧器的设计与模拟
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伍文成1, 胡志锋1, 任永志1, 王明峰1, 蒋恩臣1
作者信息
  • 1 华南农业大学 材料与能源学院 生物基材料与能源教育部重点实验室 广东 广州 510642

通讯作者:

蒋恩臣(1960-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为生物质热化学转化。E-mail:
Design and simulation of an efficient low-NOx cyclone burner for biomass pyrolysis volatiles
Wencheng Wu1, Zhifeng Hu1, Yongzhi Ren1, Mingfeng Wang1, Enchen Jiang1
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
出版时间: 2025-01-20
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文章设计了以热解挥发物为燃料的旋流分级燃烧器,通过ANSYS 软件模拟了燃烧器燃烧过程的流场,并研究了燃烧器的流动和燃烧特性。研究结果表明:燃烧器的旋流空气有效破碎了热解挥发物,达到了混合充分,流场和温度场稳定、均匀的效果;旋流空气产生的边缘流场降低了燃烧器內壁面的溫度(最高为815.69 K),减缓了壁面的高温腐蚀,降低了 NO的生成;燃烧器烟气中的NO浓度为43.33 mg/m³,显著低于标准限额;燃烧器出口处的热解挥发物含量小于0.2%。

生物质  /  热解挥发物  /  燃烧器设计  /  数值模拟  /  污染物排放

In this paper, a swirl staged burner with pyrolysis volatiles as fuel was designed. The flow field of the burner combustion process was simulated by ANSYS software, and the flow and combustion characteristics of the burner were studied. The results show that the swirling air of the burner effectively breaks up the pyrolysis volatiles, and achieves the effect of sufficient mixing, stable and uniform flow field and temperature field. The edge flow field generated by swirling air reduces the temperature of the inner wall of the burner (up to 815.69 K), slows down the high temperature corrosion of the wall and reduces the formation of NO₂; the NO₄ concentration in the flue gas of the burner is 43.33 mg/m³, which is significantly lower than the standard limit. The content of pyrolysis volatiles at the outlet of the burner is less than 0.2%.

biomass  /  pyrolytic volatiles  /  burner design  /  numerical simulation  /  pollutant emissions
伍文成, 胡志锋, 任永志, 王明峰, 蒋恩臣. 生物质热解挥发物高效低氮旋流分级燃烧器的设计与模拟. 可再生能源, 2025 , 43 (1) : 10 -16 .
Wencheng Wu, Zhifeng Hu, Yongzhi Ren, Mingfeng Wang, Enchen Jiang. Design and simulation of an efficient low-NOx cyclone burner for biomass pyrolysis volatiles[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2025 , 43 (1) : 10 -16 .
生物质是一种储量丰富、碳中立和环境友好的可再生能源 [ 1 ] 。生物质热解制炭是指在无氧或缺氧条件下对生物质等有机材料进行热分解制取生物炭 [ 2 ] 。该过程除产生生物炭外,还会产生由热解气和生物油组成的副产物——热解挥发物。热解挥发物可作为热解制生物炭过程的替代燃料, 从而实现自供热 [ 3 ] ,但是,热解挥发物的高粘度、 低热稳定性和高水分等特性 [ 4 ] ,使其难以在常规燃烧器中实现高效低氮燃烧。
由于热解气热值较低,一般与甲烷、氢气和乙醇等高热值燃料进行混合燃烧, 虽然燃烧效率提高,但容易导致局部过热而产生热力型 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ [ 5 ] 。生物油主要在雾化喷嘴燃烧器中进行燃烧,雾化喷嘴可以有效破碎生物油, 但容易导致燃料无法点燃或火焰不稳定,且高粘性物质经过喷嘴后,喷嘴容易焦化、腐蚀和堵塞 [ 6 ] 。旋流燃烧器可以有效破碎高粘度燃料从而提高燃烧效率 [ 7 ] ,因此,旋流燃烧器被广泛用于发电、垃圾焚烧和化学处理等场合 [ 8 ] 。但常规旋流燃烧器使用低热值燃气时会产生燃烧不稳定甚至熄灭的现象。为了降低 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 的排放,旋流燃烧器通常采用分级燃烧技术 [ 9 ] ,若参数控制不合理, 容易造成燃烧不完全, 降低热效率。 传统的燃烧器设计过程需要反复实验来预测燃烧结果, 开发过程缓慢, 目前, 多采用模拟仿真的方法设计燃烧器。计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) 软件已多次应用于燃烧器设计领域, 包括热解气流的燃烧过程和污染物排放、燃烧器的结构优化和材质优化等 [ 10 - 12 ] 。但是, 针对热解挥发物作为燃料的燃烧器数值模拟研究仍较少,通过 CFD 软件对燃烧器进行数值模拟, 可以优化燃烧器的各种参数, 进而指导燃烧器的进一步改进, 以达到理想的结构。
本文设计了可实现自供热的旋流分级燃烧器, 该燃烧器以热解挥发物作为热解过程的替代燃料, 通过分级燃烧的方式调控燃烧过程。使用 Fluent 软件对该过程进行数值模拟, 分析了燃烧室内的流场、温度场分布情况和污染物排放特性, 验证了燃烧器结构设计的合理性, 为燃烧器的实际应用提供了技术支持。
热解挥发物取自本课题组搭建的生物质连续热解制炭中试装置(油茶壳处理量为${75}\mathrm{\;{kg}}/\mathrm{h}$),热解挥发物组分及参数如表 1 所示。
本文主要采用标准$k - \varepsilon$模型、涡耗散组分输运模型、${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$模型、$\mathrm{{DO}}$辐射模型,并采用 Coupled 压力速度耦合求解方法对有限元模型进行求解, 残差精度设为${10}^{-5}$。采用 ANSYS DesignModeler 软件在燃烧器出口建立半径为$5\mathrm{\;m}$,长为${15}\mathrm{\;m}$的圆柱形流体区域作为无限大空间, 研究其燃烧效果, 并对燃烧器进行流体域抽取。采用 ANSYS MESH 软件对燃烧器内部流体域和外部流体域进行网格划分, 内部流体域选择二阶单元, 外部流体域采用线性单元, 并使用球坐标系加密法对燃烧器进行加密,同时对外部流体域${10}\mathrm{\;m}$范围进行网格加密, 其模型与网格划分如图 1 所示。建立网格数目分别为 40 万、60 万、80 万和 100 万的 4 组数据对网格进行无关性验证, 结果表明, 流场和温度等参数在网格数目大于 80 万后无明显变化,因此, 确定网格总数目为 80 万。
本文采用速度入口和压力出口的边界条件, 壁面条件视作无滑移条件。设计的燃烧器负载为${100}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$,过量空气系数为 1.1 ,根据燃料热值、燃料分级计算得出各入口流速。燃烧器结构参数和反应参数分别如表 2,3 所示。
图 2 为燃烧器结构示意图。
燃烧器的整体结构包括一次燃料-空气入口分体模块、套筒结构、二次燃料同心切圆入口和燃烧器外壳, 其中燃烧器外壳内包含安装入口分体模块的空腔、锥形回流室、锥形扩流室。
燃烧器的腔体由安装分体模块的空腔、锥形回流室、锥形扩流室组成,如图 2(a) 所示。空腔的第一部分预留安装入口分体模块, 燃烧器主体与入口分体模块嵌套, 一次空气和燃料通过入口模组进入燃烧器。空腔的第二部分是锥形回流室, 燃料和氧化剂在此处进入燃烧室。入口旋流结构产生的旋流与锥形壁面碰撞, 形成更加强烈的回流区。同时, 由于空腔的横截面积逐渐收窄, 混合物的轴向速度逐渐增加。此外,锥形的壁面结构不容易被焦油等粘性液体附着和腐蚀。空腔的第三部分是锥形扩流室,燃烧气体在此结构中膨胀,腔体横截面积的增加导致了射流加速衰减, 流体的发散角增大以及中心回流区宽度增加。有研究表明, 随着锥形扩流室发散截面增加,燃烧器的峰值温度降低且${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$排放量减少 [ 13 ]
旋流结构是燃烧器的关键组成部分。旋流入口管道被设计成特定角度, 以产生燃料和空气混合物的旋流运动, 有助于在燃烧器中心形成低压区,促进燃料与空气的混合并提高燃烧效率。该燃烧器包含两部分旋流结构, 第一部分是一次燃料、 一次空气入口分体模块, 如图 2(b) 所示; 第二部分是二次燃料入口旋流结构,如图 2(c) 所示。
入口分体模块由 6 个空气切向入口和一个轴向燃料入口组成, 并集成在一个入口模组上, 此入口模组与燃烧器主体嵌套可单独拆卸。有的旋流装置采用旋流叶片,随着运行时间增加,不仅容易被腐蚀导致效率降低, 而且安装和清洁难度大, 维护成本高 [ 14 ] 。目前,生物油主流燃烧器的燃料通过雾化喷嘴进入, 由此实现破碎燃料和形成旋流, 但喷嘴极易堵塞,须要频繁清理或更换。燃烧器拥有大口径燃料入口,燃料直接喷入,与入口切向喷射空气产生旋流。在此燃烧器中, 所有管道均集成在一个入口模组中, 利用管道的布置形成旋流, 减少了安装难度并降低了腐蚀、堵塞的风险。
二次燃料通过 4 个入口以同心切圆形式进入燃烧室, 由于只有径向速度, 因此燃料在燃烧器内的停留时间更长,混合更充分。当二次燃料与一次燃料混合时,流场更稳定、分布更均匀。此外,同心切圆的形式降低了燃料对壁面的磨损, 也减缓了高温腐蚀。通过调节一级旋流和二级旋流的燃料、 空气分配比,可以使燃料完全燃烧并减少污染物的排放,提高了燃烧效率和稳定性。
套筒结构是燃烧器的重要组成部分, 其设计目的是改善燃烧过程。套筒结构是横截面积逐渐增大的锥形台结构, 装配在燃烧器锥形扩流室前端,与二次空气入口管道连通,如图 2(d) 所示。二次旋流空气以一定的切向速度进入燃烧室时, 套筒结构的锥形台形状会使二次旋流空气沿着锥形壁旋转。随着逐渐增大的横截面积,二次旋流空气逐渐稳定,并在套筒的出口与燃料平稳混合,从而提高燃烧的稳定性。同时,套筒在锥形回流室的前端, 二次旋流空气在离开套筒后才会与一次燃料和空气的混合物混合。此结构延迟了二次风的初期混合时间,增强了空气分级的效果。
该旋流燃料分级燃烧器的工作过程如下:通过旋流入口的一次空气与通过直喷入口的一次燃料在锥形回流室进行充分混合, 然后一阶段混合物流入锥形扩流室; 二次旋流空气沿着套筒壁面逐渐扩散, 形成稳定的旋流; 在套筒出口处, 一阶段混合物与二次旋流空气接触并平稳混合, 然后与通过同心切圆方式进入燃烧室的二次燃料继续混合。常规旋流燃烧器具有维护成本高、调节比有限、燃料灵活性有限等缺点, 本文设计的燃烧器通过改变常规的旋流叶片导流方式, 降低了旋流燃烧器的维护成本, 通过结合分级燃烧的方式对燃烧过程进行调节, 解决了常规旋流燃烧器对燃料的限制。常规的分级燃烧方式在燃料或空气介入时,会导致局部流场紊乱,同时空气介入会降低反应温度, 本燃烧器通过套筒结构和二次燃料同心切圆入口的方式解决了上述问题。
在课题组搭建的连续热解制炭中试装置中进行上述设置及物理模型的可靠性验证。以实际运行参数作为模型的边界条件, 对连续热解制炭中试装置进行建模、网格划分、Fluent 求解设置,对燃烧室中心线径向四等分并取 4 个测温点, 模拟结果与实测数据的对比如表 4 所示。由表 4 可知, 误差值均小于 5%,远小于 20%的工程误差范围, 表明模型可靠,可用于后续工况的模拟。
燃烧器内速度分布情况如图 3 所示。
图 3(a),(b)可以看出:燃烧器内流场无明显紊流区域,整体呈现旋流状; 在$x - y$$x - z$平面,燃烧器内流场呈对称分布,无明显紊流。
图 3(c)~(f)可知:在燃料入口区域$(X = 0 \sim$${0.08}\mathrm{\;m}$),热解挥发物通过大口径燃料入口直喷进入燃烧室; 在锥形回流室区域$\left( {X = {0.08} \sim {0.18}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$, 一次旋流空气卷吸一次燃料,旋流空气与壁面碰撞产生了六角扇形的回流区域, 热解挥发物在此区域与空气混合并破碎, 导致燃料的切向速度增加、轴向速度减小,增加了燃料和氧化剂之间的接触时间。随着锥形回流室横截面积逐渐减小,靠近壁面的边缘流场的速度增加, 导致燃料混合面积进一步扩大。在锥形扩流室入口处$\left( {X = {0.18}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$,燃烧气体开始在锥形扩流室中膨胀, 腔体横截面积的增加导致流体的发散角增大以及中心回流区宽度增加, 轴向流速减小, 由此可以有效避免点火失败。在套筒结构中$\left( {X = {0.18} \sim {0.26}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$,二次空气与之前的燃料混合, 由于套筒结构的横截面积逐渐增大, 靠近壁面的边缘流场的轴向流速减小, 因此混合过程流场无明显紊流,混合平缓。在二次燃料入口处$\left( {X = {0.45}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$,二次燃料通过同心切圆方式介入混合,该区域逐渐形成旋流状,最后在燃烧器出口形成流速分布较为均匀的区域。综上可知,一次空气旋流入口和锥形回流室有效混合了燃料, 二次空气旋流入口和套筒结构避免了分级燃烧过程中产生的局部紊流。
燃烧器内温度分布情况如图 4 所示。
图 4(a) 可以看出,在$x - y$$x - z$平面,燃烧器内壁面无局部高温, 出口高温区域范围较宽。
图 4(b)~(e)可知,在旋流入口及锥形回流室区域$\left( {X = 0 \sim {0.18}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$,虽然空气流动强烈但总体温度在${643}\mathrm{\;K}$以上,此温度下焦油呈现气态,降低了堵塞入口管道的风险。此外, 旋流空气产生的循环区使火焰分布稳定,温度均匀,无过热区域。在进入锥形扩流室后$\left( {X = {0.18}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$,燃烧气体在锥形扩流室中膨胀,二次旋流空气与一次燃料-空气混合物先接触, 降低了火焰最高温度, 随后与二次燃料混合,实现了分级燃烧。锥形回流室产生的边缘流场的速度增加, 降低了燃烧器内壁面的温度, 减少了壁面高温腐蚀的风险。在套筒结构中$\left( {X = {0.18} \sim {0.26}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$,二次空气与之前的燃料混合, 由于套筒结构的横截面积逐渐增大,靠近壁面的边缘流场的轴向流速减小,高温区呈现出圆环状。 在二次燃料入口处$\left( {X = {0.45}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$,二次燃料通过同心切圆方式与燃烧产物再次混合,火焰分布呈现四角切圆状。因此, 可以通过调控二次燃料的流量实现对火焰形状的控制, 提高了燃烧器的适用性。在燃烧器出口处$\left( {X = {0.5}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$,随着旋流横截面积的增加, 火焰变得扁平且范围变大, 避免了炉膛壁面产生局部高温。
燃烧器中 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 浓度和热解挥发物含量的变化如图 5 所示。
图 5(a)可以看出,整个燃烧过程中的 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 浓度最高为 ${63.92}\mathrm{{mg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,烟气中的 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 浓度为 ${43.33}\mathrm{{mg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,低于《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》 (GB13223-2011)和广东省地方环境标准《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》(DB 44/765-2019)的限额要求 ${\left( {50}\mathrm{{mg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\right) }$ [ 15 ] 。与表 4 中的实测数据相比,燃烧器烟气中的 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 浓度有所降低。原因可能是二次旋流空气与一次燃料-空气混合物先接触, 降低了火焰最高温度,导致 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 生成量减少; 随着燃烧器内锥形室发散截面增加, 温度分布截面变大, 峰值温度降低,导致 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 生成量减少。
图 5(b)可以看出,在中心轴 $X = 0 \sim {0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 区域(燃烧室范围),随着反应的进行,热解挥发物的含量均有所降低,因为热解挥发物在燃烧器内进行了充分的燃烧, 燃烧器出口处的热解挥发物含量小于 0.2%。
本文设计了以热解挥发物为燃料的旋流分级燃烧器,并研究了燃烧器的流动和燃烧特性,得出如下结论。
①在燃烧器锥形回流室内,旋流空气增加了热解挥发物和氧化剂之间的接触时间,产生的循环区有效破碎卷吸了燃料;同时,旋流空气产生的边缘流场降低了燃烧器内壁面的温度(最高为 ${815.69}\mathrm{\;K}$ ),减缓了壁面的高温腐蚀。套筒结构延缓了燃料-空气的混合时间并使混合过程平缓, 克服了旋流导致的流场流速衰减过快和紊乱问题。锥形扩流室中燃烧气体膨胀,使得中心回流区宽度增加,峰值温度降低且 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 排放量减少。
②燃烧器烟气中的 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}$ 浓度为 ${43.33}\mathrm{{mg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ , 低于相关标准限额和中试结果。大部分热解挥发物在燃烧器内进行了充分燃烧, 燃烧器出口处的热解挥发物含量小于 0.2%。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52076083)
  • 广东省科技计划项目(2015B020237010)
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2025年第43卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2023-03-24
  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-24
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52076083)
广东省科技计划项目(2015B020237010)
作者信息
    1 华南农业大学 材料与能源学院 生物基材料与能源教育部重点实验室 广东 广州 510642

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蒋恩臣(1960-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为生物质热化学转化。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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