Article(id=1152989164904632404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152989160404144205, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1686585600000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752823638415, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752823638415, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752823638415, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752823638415, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152989160404144205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2025', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='142', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752823637343, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694506642, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641851038884698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152989160404144205, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641851038884699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152989160404144205, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=61, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152989165240176725, articleId=1152989164904632404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Study on the influence mechanism of trailing vortex of wind turbine blade on the flow control of vortex generator, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The rotating blade of wind turbine generates trailing vortex, which affects the flow on the surface of the blade. The vortex generator is installed on the blade surface, and its flow control effect is inevitably affected by the trailing vortex. In order to explore the influence of the trailing vortex, this paper takes the PhaseVI wind turbine as the research object, and establishes a simulated blade with the same spanwise circulation distribution under its rotation condition for numerical calculation. The results are compared with the smooth blade and the airfoil section with VG respectively. It is found that the airflow velocity on the suction surface is larger, the Cp value is smaller, and the pressure difference between the suction and pressure surfaces is increased.

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风力机旋转叶片产生的尾随涡影响叶片表面的流动。涡流发生器(VG)安装在叶片表面,其流动控制作用也必然受到尾随涡的影响。为了探究尾随涡的影响,文章以PhaseVI风力机为研究对象,建立与其旋转条件下沿展向环量分布相同的模拟叶片进行数值计算研究。研究结果分别与光滑叶片、加 VG翼型段进行比较,发现 VG 的添加使得吸力面气流流速更大、压力系数(C₂)值更小,提高了吸、压力面压差。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
赵振宙(1982-),男,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为风力机气动流场控制。E-mail:
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赵树春(1973-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事风力发电相关工作。E-mail:

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赵树春(1973-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事风力发电相关工作。E-mail:

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赵树春(1973-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事风力发电相关工作。E-mail:

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Energy, 2021, 223: 120089., articleTitle=Numerical investigation into rotational augmentation with passive vortex generators on the NREL Phase VI blade, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1159145589415195300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989164904632404, awardId=51876054, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51876054), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145585661293145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989164904632404, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145585669681754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989164904632404, companyId=1159145585661293145, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Huaneng Anyang Energy Co., Ltd. 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等环量 模型 Phase VI 来流 风速/m 参考叶素 位置 攻角 (°) 模型来流 风速
S7-95 7 95 10.45 36.49
S7-63 7 63 12.13 24.67
S7-30 7 30 13.01 12.81
S9-95 9 95 13.98 36.92
S9-63 9 63 17.94 25.41
S9-30 9 30 21.92 14.11
S15-95 15 95 23.47 38.87
S15-63 15 63 29.63 27.94
S15-30 15 30 35.75 17.73
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等环量 模型 Phase VI 来流 风速/m 参考叶素 位置 攻角 (°) 模型来流 风速
S7-95 7 95 10.45 36.49
S7-63 7 63 12.13 24.67
S7-30 7 30 13.01 12.81
S9-95 9 95 13.98 36.92
S9-63 9 63 17.94 25.41
S9-30 9 30 21.92 14.11
S15-95 15 95 23.47 38.87
S15-63 15 63 29.63 27.94
S15-30 15 30 35.75 17.73
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风力机叶片尾随涡对涡流发生器流动控制影响机理研究
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赵树春 1 , 郑康乐 1 , 马俊祥 1 , 党政文 1 , 韩建锋 1 , 赵振宙 2
可再生能源 | 2025,43(1): 61-68
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可再生能源 | 2025, 43(1): 61-68
风力机叶片尾随涡对涡流发生器流动控制影响机理研究
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赵树春1 , 郑康乐1, 马俊祥1, 党政文1, 韩建锋1, 赵振宙2
作者信息
  • 1 华能安阳能源有限责任公司 河南 安阳 455000
  • 2 河海大学 能源与电气学院 江苏 南京 211100
  • 赵树春(1973-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事风力发电相关工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

赵振宙(1982-),男,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为风力机气动流场控制。E-mail:
Study on the influence mechanism of trailing vortex of wind turbine blade on the flow control of vortex generator
Shuchun Zhao1 , Kangle Zheng1, Junxiang Ma1, Zhengwen Dang1, Jianfeng Han1, Zhenzhou Zhao2
Affiliations
  • 1 Huaneng Anyang Energy Co., Ltd. Anyang 455000 China
  • 2 College of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 211100 China
出版时间: 2025-01-20
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风力机旋转叶片产生的尾随涡影响叶片表面的流动。涡流发生器(VG)安装在叶片表面,其流动控制作用也必然受到尾随涡的影响。为了探究尾随涡的影响,文章以PhaseVI风力机为研究对象,建立与其旋转条件下沿展向环量分布相同的模拟叶片进行数值计算研究。研究结果分别与光滑叶片、加 VG翼型段进行比较,发现 VG 的添加使得吸力面气流流速更大、压力系数(C₂)值更小,提高了吸、压力面压差。

风力机  /  尾随涡  /  涡流发生器  /  流动控制

The rotating blade of wind turbine generates trailing vortex, which affects the flow on the surface of the blade. The vortex generator is installed on the blade surface, and its flow control effect is inevitably affected by the trailing vortex. In order to explore the influence of the trailing vortex, this paper takes the PhaseVI wind turbine as the research object, and establishes a simulated blade with the same spanwise circulation distribution under its rotation condition for numerical calculation. The results are compared with the smooth blade and the airfoil section with VG respectively. It is found that the airflow velocity on the suction surface is larger, the Cp value is smaller, and the pressure difference between the suction and pressure surfaces is increased.

wind turbine  /  trailing vortex  /  vortex generator  /  flow control
赵树春, 郑康乐, 马俊祥, 党政文, 韩建锋, 赵振宙. 风力机叶片尾随涡对涡流发生器流动控制影响机理研究. 可再生能源, 2025 , 43 (1) : 61 -68 .
Shuchun Zhao, Kangle Zheng, Junxiang Ma, Zhengwen Dang, Jianfeng Han, Zhenzhou Zhao. Study on the influence mechanism of trailing vortex of wind turbine blade on the flow control of vortex generator[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2025 , 43 (1) : 61 -68 .
涡流发生器(VG)属于被动控制装置 [ 1 ] ,因不破坏叶片外形、结构简单、安装方便,成为在风力机上应用最广泛的流动控制技术。VG 产生流向涡, 将主流的能量传递到能量较低的边界层流动中, 使已分离的边界层气流继续附着在翼型表面, 延迟了气流分离 [ 2 ] 。文献[ 3 ]对 DU97-W-300 翼型进行了数值模拟, 研究平板型 VG 和具有 CLARKY 翼型特性的 VG 对翼型气动性能的影响, 结果表明, 具有 CLARKY 翼型特性的 VG 能更好地提高翼型的最大升力系数和升阻比。文献 [ 4 ] 研究了 VG 结构参数对 DU97-W-300 翼段气动性能的影响, 发现 VG 高度的增大会使阻力增大, VG 长度的增大使升、阻力均下降。文献[ 5 ]对风力机专用翼型 DU97-W-300 进行了数值模拟, 研究了 VG 形状参数对翼型气动性能的影响, 发现高度为 $7\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的梯形 $\mathrm{{VG}}$ 能更好地抑制翼型表面的流动分离, 提高翼型升力。已有研究多集中于 VG 对翼型气动性能的影响。
旋转叶片产生三维旋转效应、尾随涡和脱体涡, 严重影响叶片表面流动, 造成流动较为复杂。 文献[ 6 ]对不同风速下加装 VG 的 MEXICO 风力机进行了数值模拟, 发现低风速工况下 VG 能有效抑制分离而提高输出功率, 高风速工况下叶片深度失速时, 风力机输出功率反而下降。文献[ 7 ] 对加 VG 的翼段和风力机叶片进行了数值模拟, 发现 $\mathrm{{VG}}$ 使翼段升力系数 $\left( {C}_{1}\right)$ 提高了近 ${60}\%$ ,减弱了叶片吸力面气流的展向流动、削弱了三维旋转效应、推迟了失速。虽然已有文献对旋转叶片和三维旋转效应影响下的 VG 控制机理展开了研究, 但对尾随涡和脱体涡对 VG 流动控制的影响研究较少。
本文以 Phase VI 风力机为研究对象,建立与其旋转叶片具有相同附着涡环量分布、沿展向翼型不变、弦长变化的三维直叶片模型。采用 SST $k - \omega$ 湍流模型,对模型叶片在对应风速下进行数值模拟,并与加 VG 的 S809 翼段模拟结果进行对比,研究尾随涡对 VG 流动控制规律的影响。
美国 NREL 实验室对 Phase VI 风力机进行了非定常风洞试验, 试验包括不同风速、桨距角、 偏航角在内的 1700 多个有效工况, 并监测了如图 1 所示的叶片展向${0.30R},{0.47R},{0.63R},{0.80R}$,${0.95R}\left( {R\text{为旋转半径}}\right)$处的压力分布数据,以及不同风速下的力矩数据。
Phase VI风力机叶片采用 S809 翼型,该翼型的相对厚度为 0.2095。Phase VI 风力机旋转半径$R$${5.029}\mathrm{\;m}$,轮毂半径为${0.508}\mathrm{\;m}$,从叶根到$r$${0.883}\mathrm{\;m}$,是圆柱段,$r$到叶尖为${1.257}\mathrm{\;m}$,是翼型段 ($r$为叶素所在展向位置)。翼型段旋转中心在 30%弦长处,圆柱段与翼型段之间为过渡段。
叶片根部因攻角$\left( \alpha \right)$大而易发生流动分离, 在叶根位置布置$\mathrm{{VG}}$,并进行实体建模,$\mathrm{{VG}}$中心线在$r$${0.30R}$处。$\mathrm{{VG}}$高度在叶片边界层范围内,其尺寸与中心位置叶素弦长有关。Phase VI 风力机叶片 30% 展长位置处,叶素弦长为 0.711m, VG 尺寸如图 2 所示。VG 形状为直角三角形,高度为$5\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,展向长度为${17}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,弦向长度为$5\mathrm{\;{mm}}$, 与弦向夹角为${16.4}^{ \circ }$,同组$\mathrm{{VG}}$间距离为${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$, VG 组间距离为${35}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
根据 Kutta-Joukowski 环量定律,叶素升力$L$和叶素附着涡环量${\Gamma }_{b}$的关系为
$L = \rho {V}_{\mathrm{r}}{\Gamma }_{b} = \frac{1}{2}\rho {V}_{\mathrm{r}}^{2} \times {C}_{\mathrm{l}} \times c$
式中:${V}_{\mathrm{r}}$为相对速度;$\rho$为空气密度;$c$为弦长。
通过式 (1) 可得出${\Gamma }_{b}$
${\Gamma }_{b} = \frac{1}{2}{V}_{\mathrm{r}} \times {C}_{1} \times c$
根据涡守恒定律,尾随涡强度${\Gamma }_{t}$为相邻叶素间附着涡环量之差。
${\Gamma }_{t} = \frac{\partial {\Gamma }_{b}}{\partial r}\mathrm{\;d}r = \frac{{V}_{0}{c}_{\mathrm{L}}}{2}\frac{\partial \mathrm{c}}{\partial r}\mathrm{\;d}r$
式中:${V}_{0}$为来流风速。
为研究尾随涡对 VG 流动控制的影响, 建立与 Phase VI 风力机旋转叶片附着涡环量分布相同的, 沿展向翼型不变、攻角不变、弦长变化的静态叶片模型。该模型因展向弦长变化而受尾随涡影响, 因不旋转、风向固定而不产生三维旋转效应和脱体涡。
首先,根据 Phase VI 风力机旋转叶片沿展向弦长、${C}_{1}$和相对速度分布,计算出叶片附着涡环量${\Gamma }_{b}\left( r\right)$沿叶片展向分布;其次,模型${\Gamma }_{b}\left( r\right)$与 Phase$\mathrm{{VI}}$风力机叶片的环量${\Gamma }_{b}^{\prime }\left( r\right)$分布相同,取某一位置叶素为参考叶素, 等环量模型叶片与 Phase VI 风力机旋转叶片在该位置雷诺数相同, 该位置叶素$\alpha$即为模型叶片$\alpha$,该位置叶素${C}_{1}$即为模型叶片${C}_{1}$,该位置叶素相对速度即为模型叶片来流风速, 该位置叶素弦长与等环量模型的该位置叶素弦长相等。
Phase VI 风力机 S809 翼型升、阻力系数如图 3 所示。
图 3 可知: 翼型在$\alpha$${9}^{ \circ }$时开始出现分离涡,${C}_{1}$略有下降; 在$\alpha$${16}^{ \circ }$时,${C}_{1}$急剧下降,翼型失速;在$\alpha$${20}^{ \circ }$左右,${C}_{1}$下降到最小值,之后开始回升,并在$\alpha$${35}^{ \circ }$附近达到最大值;翼型阻力系数$\left( {C}_{\mathrm{d}}\right)$$\alpha$增大而增大。
基于叶素动量理论, Phase VI 风力机旋转叶片在不同风速、不同参考叶素位置下的叶片$\alpha$及在雷诺数相等条件下的来流风速如表 1 所示。
表 1 中 S7-95, 第一个数字 7 代表 Phase VI 风力机的来流风速, 95 代表等环量模型的参考叶素位置为 95%R。
等环量模型${\Gamma }_{b}\left( r\right)$${\Gamma }_{b}^{\prime }\left( r\right)$分布相同,即${\Gamma }_{b}\left( r\right) =$${\Gamma }_{b}^{\prime }\left( r\right)$,将附着涡环量计算式(3)代入可得:
$\frac{1}{2}{V}_{0}\left( r\right) \times {C}_{1}\left( r\right) \times c\left( r\right) = \frac{1}{2}{V}_{r}^{\prime }\left( r\right) \times {C}_{1}^{\prime }\left( r\right) \times {c}^{\prime }\left( r\right)$
等环量模型叶片来流速度不变,沿展向$\alpha$不变,${C}_{1}$不变。若参考叶素位置来流风速为${V}_{0},{C}_{1}$${C}_{\mathrm{L}}$,则${V}_{0}\left( \mathrm{r}\right) = {V}_{0},{C}_{\mathrm{L}}\left( r\right) = {C}_{\mathrm{L}}$,等环量模型叶片弦长分布函数为
$c\left( r\right) = \frac{{V}_{r}^{\prime }\left( r\right) }{{V}_{0}}\frac{{c}_{\mathrm{L}}^{\prime }\left( r\right) }{{c}_{\mathrm{L}}}{c}^{\prime }\left( r\right)$
根据式 (5) 计算风速分别为$7,9,{15}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$,转速为${7.52}\mathrm{{rad}}/\mathrm{s}$时, Phase VI 风力机叶片等环量模型的弦长分布,结果如图 4 所示。
不考虑机舱和塔筒影响,叶片流场计算域如图 5 所示。
为减小计算域壁面对风力机流动的干扰,建立${16R} \times {12R} \times {12R}$计算域。风力机轮毂中心到入口距离为${6R}$,到出口距离为${10R}$,计算域壁面距风力机为${6R}$,以减小边界对流场影响。为了更好地捕捉叶片表面的流动, 对叶片表面边界层进行加密处理 [图 5(b) ], 叶片法向第一层网格满足$y + < 1$。为减少网格数量,提高计算速度,将整个计算域分为内、外两个流域,内流域网格[图 5(c)]半径为${1.2R}$,模型叶片距内流域入口为${0.3R}$、距内流域出口为${2R}$。模型叶片位于内流域,对内流域网格进行加密以提高模拟精度; 外流域距叶片较远,对模拟结果影响较小,网格可较稀疏,以减小总体网格数量。为提高计算精度,采用结构化网格。
入口边界定义为速度入口, 来流速度大小见表 1 , 与等环量模型叶片相对应, 来流速度方向为$+ y$方向;出口边界为压力出口,表压为 0 。试验中未考虑地表粗糙度影响,来流采用均匀风速。 Phase VI 风力机两叶片中心对称,其轮毂上、下流场具有周期性, 故仅建立一半流场, 通过对底面采用周期性边界实现全流场的模拟。计算域上边界、 两侧边及风力机表面设为无滑移壁面边界,内、外流域交界面设置为 interface。求解器为不可压流动的基于压力的分离式求解器, 隐式求解方法, SIMPLEC 算法。湍流模型采用 SST$k - \omega$湍流模型。
为验证网格的无关性, 建立了 4 种密度的网格, 对风速为${10}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$、转速为${7.54}\mathrm{{rad}}/\mathrm{s}$的 Phase VI 风力机旋转叶片进行模拟,模拟结果如图 6 所示。由图 6 可知, 当网格数量分别为 800 万和 900 万时, 计算结果相差不大。为减少计算量,采用 800 万网格的划分策略,后续模型也采用该网格划分策略。
为验证模拟结果的准确性,从风速为$7 \sim {25}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$中选择 6 个试验风速对 Phase VI 风力机叶片进行数值模拟,对比分析模拟结果和试验值(图 7)。
图 7 可知:在风速为$7 \sim {10}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$,叶片不失速或失速程度较轻,气体流动情况相对较简单,模拟结果更准确;在风速为${10} \sim {25}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$,叶片$\alpha$增大,叶片失速严重,气体流动情况复杂,准确性较差,但最大误差仅为 9.3%, 故认为模拟结果合理, 计算精度较高。
为定量分析 VG 的添加位置对叶素气动性能的影响,截取叶片$r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$处叶素表面压力系数$\left( {C}_{\mathrm{p}}\right)$进行比较。当 Phase VI 风力机来流风速为$7\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$时,所建等环量模型叶片$r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$处叶素${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$曲线对比结果如图 8 所示。$\mathrm{S}7 - {95},\mathrm{\;S}7 - {63},\mathrm{\;S}7 -$30 模型叶片分别以 Phase VI 风力机旋转叶片${95}\% ,{63}\% ,{30}\%$展长处叶素为参考叶素创建,$\alpha$分别为${10.45}^{ \circ },{12.13}^{ \circ },{13.01}^{ \circ }$
图 8 可知: 对于 S7-95 和 S7-63 模型$r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$处的叶素${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$, VG 诱导的尾涡提高了气流附着流动区域的动能,使得吸力面$x/c$$0 \sim {0.6}$处,${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$值小于光滑叶片,$x/c$为 0.6~1 处气流分离区域的${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$值要大一些,影响了叶素整体的升、阻力系数; 对于$\mathrm{S}7 - {30}$模型$r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$处的叶素${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$, VG 对${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$值影响不大,吸力面$x/c$$0 \sim {0.6}$处,${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$值略小一些,吸力面$x/c$为 0.6~1 处,${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$值略大一些。
Phase VI 风力机来流风速为$9\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$时,所建等环量模型叶片$r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$处叶素${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$曲线对比结果如图 9 所示。$\mathrm{S}9 - {95},\mathrm{\;S}9 - {63},\mathrm{\;S}9 - {30}$模型叶片分别以 Phase VI 风力机旋转叶片 95%, 63%, 30%展长处叶素为参考叶素创建,$\alpha$分别为${13.98}^{ \circ }$, 17.94°, 21.92°。
图 9 可知:$\mathrm{S}9 - {95}$$\mathrm{S}9 - {63}$模型$r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$处叶素${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$因叶片$\alpha$较大,有明显的尾随涡产生; S9-95 模型的气流分离点在$x/c$为 0.5 附近,距 VG 安装位置较远, VG 提高了边界层的动能,吸力面气流流速更大,${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$值更小,吸、压力面压差更大; S9-63 模型的气流分离点在$x/c$为 0.3 附近, 距$\mathrm{{VG}}$安装位置较近,$\mathrm{{VG}}$提高了气流附着流动区域的动能,附着流动区域气流流速更大,${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$值更小;$\mathrm{S}9 - {30}$模型$r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$处的叶素${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$吸力面完全失速,$\mathrm{{VG}}$提高了边界层的动能,加$\mathrm{{VG}}$叶片叶素吸力面${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$值略小一些。
Phase VI 风力机来流风速为${15}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$时,所建等环量模型叶片$r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$处叶素${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$曲线对比结果如图 10 所示。$\mathrm{S}{15} - {95},\mathrm{\;S}{15} - {63},\mathrm{\;S}{15} - {30}$模型叶片分别以 Phase VI 风力机旋转叶片 95%, 63%, 30%展长处叶素为参考叶素创建,$\alpha$分别为${23.47}^{ \circ }$,${29.63}^{ \circ },{35.75}^{ \circ }$
对于 3 个模型叶素, VG 使得吸力面气流流速更大,${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$值更小,提高了吸、压力面压差。
S7-30 模型 $r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处叶素与翼段展向中心流线如图 11 所示。
图 11 可知: 翼段模型因展向翼型不变、 $\alpha$ 不变、弦长不变而不受尾随涡影响, 叶片模型因展向弦长变化而受尾随涡影响;翼段 $\alpha$${13.01}^{ \circ }$ ,叶片模型受尾随涡诱导作用影响, $r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处叶素实际 $\alpha$ 要小于翼段模型,翼段模型吸力面已出现明显的分离涡,气流分离点在弦向中部位置,叶片模型仅尾缘位置有回流,无明显分离涡;VG 有效抑制了翼段模型吸力面气流分离,分离涡高度减小,气流分离点后移;模型叶片气流分离现象不明显,故 VG 对流场影响较小。
S9-30 模型 $r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处叶素与翼段模型展向中心流线如图 12 所示。
图 12 可知: 翼段模型 $\alpha$${21.92}^{ \circ }$ ,大于失速攻角,翼段吸力面已完全分离,分离涡明显且已出现二次涡, VG 诱导的尾涡影响了吸力面的气流分离,抑制了二次涡的发展;叶片模型受尾随涡诱导作用影响, $r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处叶素实际 $\alpha$ 要小于翼段模型, 叶片模型吸力面也出现了明显的分离涡, 但还未出现二次涡; VG 有效抑制了叶片吸力面气流分离现象,分离涡明显减小,涡核向吸力面移动。
S7-30 模型 $r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处叶素与翼段模型展向 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$图 13 所示。图中模型 $\alpha$${13.01}^{ \circ }$
图 13 可知:受尾随涡影响,叶片模型叶素实际 $\alpha$ 较小,吸力面尾缘位置即 $x/c$ 为 0.6~1 处的 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 较大, $x/c$ 为 0.6~1 处吸、压力面的 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 均较小,吸、 压力面整体压差较小, ${C}_{1}$ 较小;翼段模型吸力面气流分离较明显, VG 有效抑制了气流分离,使气流分离点由 $x/c$ 为 0.5 后移到 $x/c$ 为 0.6 左右;叶片模型气流分离程度较弱, $\mathrm{{VG}}$${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 影响较小。
S9-30 模型 $r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处叶素与翼段模型展向中心 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$图 14 所示。图中模型 $\alpha$${21.92}^{ \circ }$
图 14 可知: 叶片模型受尾随涡影响, $r$${1.51}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处叶素实际 $\alpha$ 要小一些,相比于翼段模型, 叶片叶素吸、压力面压力分布均有较大变化,吸、 压力面气流流速均高一些,使得叶片模型吸、压力面 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 值明显小于翼段模型; $\mathrm{{VG}}$ 使吸力面气流流速提高,导致吸力面 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 值下降,吸、压力面压差增大; 由 S809 翼型升、阻力系数试验值可知,在 $\alpha$${20}^{ \circ }$ 附近, S809 翼型 ${C}_{1}$ 较小,模型叶片 ${C}_{1}$ 大于翼段 ${C}_{1}$ 是合理的。
基于叶素动量理论, 本文分别计算了风速为 $7,9,{15}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 时 Phase VI 风力机旋转叶片环量分布,以其 ${30}\% ,{63}\% ,{95}\%$ 展长处叶素雷诺数为参考值, 建立了与其运动工况下环量分布相同、弦长分布不同的直叶片模型,模拟研究尾随涡的影响。 对加 VG 等环量模型叶片进行了数值模拟, 并与翼段模拟结果进行了对比,研究尾随涡对 VG 流动控制的影响规律,得到以下结论。
①VG 诱导的高能量尾随涡能促进气流的弦向流动, 改善叶片吸力面气流的展向流动, 从而抑制叶片吸力面气流的气动分离,提高叶片 ${C}_{1}$
②对于吸力面气流已分离的叶片,分离涡未覆盖整个吸力面时, VG 使气流分离点向尾缘方向移动, 分离涡明显变小, 吸力面气流附着流动区域的气流流速明显提升。分离涡覆盖整个吸力面时, VG 对分离涡影响较小, 提高了吸力面气流的流动速度,使得吸力面 ${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 值下降, ${C}_{1}$ 提高。
③受尾随涡诱导作用的影响,叶素实际 $\alpha$ 要小于翼段攻角,相同 $\alpha$ 及雷诺数下,翼段吸力面气流分离情况要强于叶片叶素。叶素因尾随涡诱导作用,吸力面气流分离较弱, VG 提升升力效果弱于翼段模型。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51876054)
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  • 接收时间:2023-06-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-13
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国家自然科学基金(51876054)
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    1 华能安阳能源有限责任公司 河南 安阳 455000
    2 河海大学 能源与电气学院 江苏 南京 211100

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赵振宙(1982-),男,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为风力机气动流场控制。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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