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The pitch Angle is generally set to a fixed value in the design of vertical axis wind airfoil, which leads to the problem that the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil can't be fully utilized. In this paper, a design method of vertical axis wind turbine considering variable pitch Angle is proposed and applied to airfoil optimization. Then, based on the braking cylinder theory, the power coefficient is iteratively calculated, and the maximum power coefficient is directly taken as the objective function, and the profile and pitch Angle distribution are optimized by using genetic algorithm coupled with RFOIL software. Finally, the new airfoil VAWT250 of vertical axis wind turbine is optimized. Compared with the reference airfoil AIR001, the optimization results show that the aerodynamic performance of the new airfoil is significantly improved under both smooth and rough conditions, especially under rough conditions, the maximum lift coefficient and liftdrag ratio are increased by 16.1% and 17.1% respectively. Under rough conditions, the maximum power coefficient of the wind turbine is increased by 6.81% considering the pitch Angle. The results have a certain guiding significance for the optimal design of vertical axis wind turbine airfoil.
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针对设计垂直轴风力机翼型时普遍将俯仰角(6)设定为固定值,导致不能很好地发挥翼型的气动性能的问题,文章首先提出了一种考虑可变 6 的垂直轴风力机设计方法,并将其应用于翼型优化;然后,基于制动圆柱理论不断迭代计算其功率系数(C。),以极大功率系数直接作为目标函数,利用遗传算法耦合 RFOIL 软件优化翼型廓线与6,分布;最后,优化得到垂直轴风力机新翼型 VAWT250。与参考翼型 AIR001 相比,无论是光滑条件,还是粗糙条件,新翼型的气动性能具有明显提升,尤其是粗糙条件,其最大升力系数与升阻比分别提升了16.1%和17.1%;在粗糙条件下,考虑俯仰角时,风力机的最大C,提高了 6.81%。该结果对垂直轴风力机翼型的优化设计具有一定的指导意义。
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1 School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Guangdong Ocean University Yangjiang 529500 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1159145486612811838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, authorId=1159145486495371323, language=CN, stringName=印四华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 广东海洋大学 机械与能源工程学院 广东 阳江 529500, bio={"content":"
印四华(1983-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为智能制造、风力发电机智能运维与优化。E-mail: yinsihua@gdou.edu.cn。
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印四华(1983-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为智能制造、风力发电机智能运维与优化。E-mail: yinsihua@gdou.edu.cn。
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2 CNC Equipment Cooperative Innovation Institute Foshan Nanhai Guangdong Technology University Foshan 528225 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1159145486805749827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, authorId=1159145486696697920, language=CN, stringName=朱成就, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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125(4): 488-496., articleTitle=Summary of the Delft University wind turbine dedicated airfoils, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1159145490471571584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, awardId=360302022202, language=CN, fundingSource=广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目(360302022202), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1159145490526097537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, awardId=2024B01062, language=CN, fundingSource=湛江市科技计划项目(2024B01062), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1159145490605789314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, awardId=51975190, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(51975190), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145486214352942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145486222741551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, companyId=1159145486214352942, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 佛山市南海区广工大数控装备协同创新研究院 广东 佛山 528225)]), AuthorCompany(id=1159145486344376372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145486348570677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, companyId=1159145486344376372, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3 湖北工业大学 机械工程学院 湖北 武汉 430068)]), AuthorCompany(id=1159145486407290935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145486415679544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, companyId=1159145486407290935, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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4 广东海洋大学 机械工程学院 广东 湛江 524088)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1159145488613494882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
2D actuator cylinder model, figureFileSmall=pLO/Z2ePkMiwLBYf5KGWzQ==, figureFileBig=zIR0s3hqyH+lRG27PKz/fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145488659632227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=
二维制动圆柱模型, figureFileSmall=pLO/Z2ePkMiwLBYf5KGWzQ==, figureFileBig=zIR0s3hqyH+lRG27PKz/fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145488709963876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Force analysis of VAWT blade, figureFileSmall=0ub8pRxJdwnA/qJ1PadrJg==, figureFileBig=mAVKPnbRDoMcBHOZOHT1Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145488789655653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
VAWT 叶片受力分析, figureFileSmall=0ub8pRxJdwnA/qJ1PadrJg==, figureFileBig=mAVKPnbRDoMcBHOZOHT1Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145488839987302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
B-spline expressions for an airfoil, figureFileSmall=Vv6TceBCPJBrav6wkqvihQ==, figureFileBig=A5xOn2k8hqePhqnlGO2Icw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145488932261991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
一般翼型 B 样条表达, figureFileSmall=Vv6TceBCPJBrav6wkqvihQ==, figureFileBig=A5xOn2k8hqePhqnlGO2Icw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145488978399336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Optimal flowchart of VAWT airfoil using GA method, figureFileSmall=+8E0aw+UV8mBkg+oiyzrtQ==, figureFileBig=EXHz8Jcz/YNcdluBZlLlew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489016148073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
垂直轴风力机翼型遗传算法优化流程, figureFileSmall=+8E0aw+UV8mBkg+oiyzrtQ==, figureFileBig=EXHz8Jcz/YNcdluBZlLlew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489066479722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Iteration process of VAWT airfoil optimization, figureFileSmall=7yAzPNghQJuFa0jb9mGsTA==, figureFileBig=WSrAQ8ib9gbMDKVXJl2LeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489171337323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
垂直轴目标函数迭代收敛, figureFileSmall=7yAzPNghQJuFa0jb9mGsTA==, figureFileBig=WSrAQ8ib9gbMDKVXJl2LeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489213280364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Geometry of the optimal airfoil, figureFileSmall=BQuAW0Qz4H9xxzvASwzoGg==, figureFileBig=/VfxAjebT8sEl3VWjGwy4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489255223405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=
优化后的翼型几何廓线, figureFileSmall=BQuAW0Qz4H9xxzvASwzoGg==, figureFileBig=/VfxAjebT8sEl3VWjGwy4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489309749358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Comparisons of lift coefficients, figureFileSmall=NcbNHcXkX0EY8UUUSlYubQ==, figureFileBig=Yb5TgruSDeDxDjXn6J7j4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489360081007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=
升力系数对比, figureFileSmall=NcbNHcXkX0EY8UUUSlYubQ==, figureFileBig=Yb5TgruSDeDxDjXn6J7j4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489402024048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Comparisons of drag coefficients, figureFileSmall=aLPpT47XnlbnnwPUkKulnQ==, figureFileBig=fyF3drLuRk1qNnp2XIQnBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489498493041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=
升阻比系数对比, figureFileSmall=aLPpT47XnlbnnwPUkKulnQ==, figureFileBig=fyF3drLuRk1qNnp2XIQnBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489548824690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Comparisons betweenoptimized pitch angles and fixed pitch angles, figureFileSmall=SE8xg31FPRpGpNgAjWELhg==, figureFileBig=BfQ4DXh5T/kxfOue3IzNTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489603350643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=
优化俯仰角与固定俯仰角对比, figureFileSmall=SE8xg31FPRpGpNgAjWELhg==, figureFileBig=BfQ4DXh5T/kxfOue3IzNTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489674653812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Comparisons betweenoptimized and original angle of attack, figureFileSmall=9vEXqb51E6HKPmzg5Vsw1Q==, figureFileBig=7dBs9ODrHzqGsMTXob/zcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489720791157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 10, caption=
优化攻角与原始攻角随方位角对比, figureFileSmall=9vEXqb51E6HKPmzg5Vsw1Q==, figureFileBig=7dBs9ODrHzqGsMTXob/zcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489783705718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Power coefficient variation with tip speed ratio, figureFileSmall=W+wUa5nATmPSJhyNQg45DA==, figureFileBig=CAOVlizOMsoO3EVM4mr+Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489829843063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=图 11, caption=
功率系数随叶尖速比变化, figureFileSmall=W+wUa5nATmPSJhyNQg45DA==, figureFileBig=CAOVlizOMsoO3EVM4mr+Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145489880174712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Range of design variables, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 设计变量 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 设计变量 | 最大值 | 最小值 |
| ${P}_{1}$ | 0.1 | 0.02 | ${P}_{6}$ | -0.05 | -0.4 |
| ${P}_{2}$ | 0.2 | 0.05 | ${P}_{7}$ | -0.05 | -0.3 |
| ${P}_{3}$ | 0.3 | 0.1 | ${P}_{8}$ | 0.05 | -0.05 |
| ${P}_{4}$ | 0.3 | 0.05 | ${\theta }_{\mathrm{p}}/\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ | 20 | -20 |
| ${P}_{5}$ | -0.05 | -0.3 | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145489943089273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
设计变量范围, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 设计变量 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 设计变量 | 最大值 | 最小值 |
| ${P}_{1}$ | 0.1 | 0.02 | ${P}_{6}$ | -0.05 | -0.4 |
| ${P}_{2}$ | 0.2 | 0.05 | ${P}_{7}$ | -0.05 | -0.3 |
| ${P}_{3}$ | 0.3 | 0.1 | ${P}_{8}$ | 0.05 | -0.05 |
| ${P}_{4}$ | 0.3 | 0.05 | ${\theta }_{\mathrm{p}}/\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ | 20 | -20 |
| ${P}_{5}$ | -0.05 | -0.3 | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145490001809530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Input parameters for a VAWT, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 | 参数 | 数值 |
| 叶片数 $B$ /个 | 3 | 设计叶尖速比 $\lambda$ | 4 |
| 风轮半径 $R/\mathrm{m}$ | 3.6 | 来流风速 ${V}_{\infty }/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ | 15 |
| 风轮实度 ${3c}/{2R}$ | 0.1 | 转速 $\omega /\mathrm{{rad}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ | 20 |
| $\rho /\mathrm{g} \cdot {\mathrm{{cm}}}^{-3}$ | 1.225 | ${Re}$ | $6 \times {10}^{6}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145490052141179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
垂直轴风力机输入参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 | 参数 | 数值 |
| 叶片数 $B$ /个 | 3 | 设计叶尖速比 $\lambda$ | 4 |
| 风轮半径 $R/\mathrm{m}$ | 3.6 | 来流风速 ${V}_{\infty }/\mathrm{m} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ | 15 |
| 风轮实度 ${3c}/{2R}$ | 0.1 | 转速 $\omega /\mathrm{{rad}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ | 20 |
| $\rho /\mathrm{g} \cdot {\mathrm{{cm}}}^{-3}$ | 1.225 | ${Re}$ | $6 \times {10}^{6}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145490119250044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Aerodynamic parameters comparisons of VAWT airfoils, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 翼型名称 | 光滑条件 | 粗糙条件 |
| | | |
| AIR001 | 1.436 | 124.212 | 1.336 | 78.032 |
| VAWT250 | 1.609 | 128.756 | 1.551 | 91.367 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145490173775997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
垂直轴翼型关键气动参数对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 翼型名称 | 光滑条件 | 粗糙条件 |
| | | |
| AIR001 | 1.436 | 124.212 | 1.336 | 78.032 |
| VAWT250 | 1.609 | 128.756 | 1.551 | 91.367 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145490228301950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Comparison of maximum power coefficient between VAWT250 and AIR001, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 条件 | | 提升百分比 |
| AIR001 翼型 | VAWT250 翼型 |
| 光滑条件 | 0.5251 | 0.546 8 | 4.13 |
| 粗糙条件 | 0.4854 | 0.5184 | 6.81 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145490291216511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152989162761348049, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=
VAWT250 与 AIR001 翼型最大功率系数对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 条件 | | 提升百分比 |
| AIR001 翼型 | VAWT250 翼型 |
| 光滑条件 | 0.5251 | 0.546 8 | 4.13 |
| 粗糙条件 | 0.4854 | 0.5184 | 6.81 |
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