Article(id=1152988932561162427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988930656948403, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695830400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752823583021, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752823583021, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752823583021, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752823583021, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152988930656948403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2025', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='143', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752823582567, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694496025, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641806499570521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988930656948403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641806499570522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988930656948403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=152, endPage=157, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152988932972204221, articleId=1152988932561162427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Researchon the formation rules of methane hydrate loaded by porous media in the presence of 1,3-dioxolane, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The low energy consumption and mild storage and transportation conditions of the clathratebased solid natural gas technology make it a key factor in promoting the development of the natural gas industry. However, the slow hydrate formation kinetics has hindered its application. This article explores the formation laws of methane hydrates supported by porous media (activated carbon and quartz sand) under the action of 1,3dioxolane. It analyzes the hydration efficiency in different systems, evaluates the synergistic and antagonistic effects of 1,3dioxolane and porous media on hydrate growth, and clarifies the influence of the pore structure. The results show that: under high pressure, the adsorption of 1,3dioxolane by the pore structure of activated carbon leads to an antagonistic effect between the two, resulting in poor hydration efficiency. Moreover, as the initial pressure and the concentration of 1,3dioxolane increase, the antagonistic effect intensifies. Under low pressure, there is a synergistic effect between 1,3dioxolane and activated carbon. The hydration efficiency is affected by pressure. The free 1,3dioxolane enhances the formation of methane hydrates and increases the gas storage capacity of hydrates. 1,3Dioxolane enhances the formation of hydrates in the quartz sand system. However, the rapidly growing hydrates limit the conversion of internal water, making this enhancement effect achieve the best performance when the initial pressure is 5 MPa.

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水合物基固体天然气技术的低能耗和温和储运条件使其成为推动天然气工业发展的关键,但缓慢的水合物生成速度阻碍了其应用。文章探究了1,3二氧五环作用下的多孔介质(活性炭和石英砂)固载甲烷水合物生成规律,分析了不同体系下的水合效率,评价了1,3二氧五环和多孔介质对水合物生长的协同与拮抗作用,并明确了孔隙结构的影响。研究结果表明:在高压下,活性炭孔隙结构对1,3二氧五环的吸附使两者之间出现拮抗作用,导致了较差的水合效率,且随着初始压力和1,3二氧五环浓度增加,拮抗作用增强;在低压下,1,3二氧五环与活性炭存在协同作用,水合效率受压力影响,游离态的1,3二氧五环强化了甲烷水合物生成,提高了水合物储气量;1,3二氧五环强化了石英砂体系的水合物生成,但快速生长的水合物限制了内部水的转化,使该强化作用在初始压力为5MPa达到最佳效能。

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王飞(1988-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为基于气体水合物的天然气储运、储氢、二氧化碳捕集等。E-mail:
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1,3-二氧五环作用下多孔介质固载甲烷水合物生成规律研究
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李瑶 , 张国栋 , 王飞
可再生能源 | 2025,43(2): 152-157
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可再生能源 | 2025, 43(2): 152-157
1,3-二氧五环作用下多孔介质固载甲烷水合物生成规律研究
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李瑶, 张国栋, 王飞
作者信息
  • 1 青岛科技大学 机电工程学院 山东 青岛 266061

通讯作者:

王飞(1988-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为基于气体水合物的天然气储运、储氢、二氧化碳捕集等。E-mail:
Researchon the formation rules of methane hydrate loaded by porous media in the presence of 1,3-dioxolane
Yao Li, Guodong Zhang, Fei Wang
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Electromechanical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266061 China
出版时间: 2025-02-20
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水合物基固体天然气技术的低能耗和温和储运条件使其成为推动天然气工业发展的关键,但缓慢的水合物生成速度阻碍了其应用。文章探究了1,3二氧五环作用下的多孔介质(活性炭和石英砂)固载甲烷水合物生成规律,分析了不同体系下的水合效率,评价了1,3二氧五环和多孔介质对水合物生长的协同与拮抗作用,并明确了孔隙结构的影响。研究结果表明:在高压下,活性炭孔隙结构对1,3二氧五环的吸附使两者之间出现拮抗作用,导致了较差的水合效率,且随着初始压力和1,3二氧五环浓度增加,拮抗作用增强;在低压下,1,3二氧五环与活性炭存在协同作用,水合效率受压力影响,游离态的1,3二氧五环强化了甲烷水合物生成,提高了水合物储气量;1,3二氧五环强化了石英砂体系的水合物生成,但快速生长的水合物限制了内部水的转化,使该强化作用在初始压力为5MPa达到最佳效能。

水合物  /  天然气储存  /  多孔介质  /  生成规律  /  1  /  3-二氧五环

The low energy consumption and mild storage and transportation conditions of the clathratebased solid natural gas technology make it a key factor in promoting the development of the natural gas industry. However, the slow hydrate formation kinetics has hindered its application. This article explores the formation laws of methane hydrates supported by porous media (activated carbon and quartz sand) under the action of 1,3dioxolane. It analyzes the hydration efficiency in different systems, evaluates the synergistic and antagonistic effects of 1,3dioxolane and porous media on hydrate growth, and clarifies the influence of the pore structure. The results show that: under high pressure, the adsorption of 1,3dioxolane by the pore structure of activated carbon leads to an antagonistic effect between the two, resulting in poor hydration efficiency. Moreover, as the initial pressure and the concentration of 1,3dioxolane increase, the antagonistic effect intensifies. Under low pressure, there is a synergistic effect between 1,3dioxolane and activated carbon. The hydration efficiency is affected by pressure. The free 1,3dioxolane enhances the formation of methane hydrates and increases the gas storage capacity of hydrates. 1,3Dioxolane enhances the formation of hydrates in the quartz sand system. However, the rapidly growing hydrates limit the conversion of internal water, making this enhancement effect achieve the best performance when the initial pressure is 5 MPa.

hydrate  /  natural gas storage  /  porous media  /  formation rules  /  1  /  3-dioxolane
李瑶, 张国栋, 王飞. 1,3-二氧五环作用下多孔介质固载甲烷水合物生成规律研究. 可再生能源, 2025 , 43 (2) : 152 -157 .
Yao Li, Guodong Zhang, Fei Wang. Researchon the formation rules of methane hydrate loaded by porous media in the presence of 1,3-dioxolane[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2025 , 43 (2) : 152 -157 .
近年来, 全球经济的快速发展给我们的生活带来便利的同时, 也导致了严重的环境污染。环境污染问题受到了世界各国的广泛关注, 为了缓解环境污染,减少碳排放,实现“碳中和”至关重要 [ 1 ] 。 这就迫切需要一种能够替代煤、石油等传统化石能源的清洁能源, 而天然气的应用有效缓解了经济发展和环境保护之间的矛盾 [ 2 ] 。与煤、石油相比,天然气燃烧只产生二氧化碳、水以及未燃烧的碳氢化合物, 这就大大减轻了一部分环境问题 [ 3 ] 。 目前发现的天然气大多以天然气水合物的形式存在, 作为天然气的主要来源, 其因储藏形式丰富、 储存密度高而倍受关注。研究发现, 天然气水合物中的碳含量是传统化石能源的两倍, 这为天然气在未来能源结构中的贡献奠定了坚实的基础 [ 4 ]
受季节变化和区域分布不均衡影响, 天然气的储运限制了其应用, 而高效的天然气储运技术是推动其应用的关键。尽管现存的几种储运方式, 如地下储气库与运输管网、液化天然气(LNG)和压缩天然气(CNG)等,有效改善了天然气的时空分布局限,但这些储运方式都存在能耗高、储存和运输条件恶劣、安全性差等问题。这就使得以水合物形式储存和运输天然气的固体天然气(SNG) 技术受到人们的特别关注。与其他技术相比, SNG 技术具有能耗低、储运条件温和、安全性和灵活性高等优点 [ 6 , 7 ] 。但是,人工合成天然气水合物存在成核与生长过程缓慢的问题, 这大大增加了时间成本,导致其无法进行大规模商业应用,因此,促进水合物成核与生长是应用 SNG 技术的关键。
因机械法(如搅拌 [ 8 ] 、喷淋 [ 9 ] 、鼓泡 [ 10 ] 等)在传热与传质方面优异的促进作用, 其被广泛用于强化水合物生成。但是,机械法会大大增加能耗和生产成本, 相比之下, 引入添加剂不仅可以减少机械法所需的大量能耗, 而且还具有出色的强化水合物生成的能力。但是, 添加剂法也会带来一些新的问题, 如热力学促进剂 THF 存在一定的毒性和挥发性、表面活性剂 SDS 分解会产生大量泡沫 [ 11 ] 。 Zhang G [ 12-13 ] 利用活性炭大幅强化了甲烷水合物的生成,提出了吸附诱导双功能纳米对流增强水合物形成机制。Wu C [ 15 ] 用不同粒径的石英砂模拟海底沉积物, 研究了甲烷水合物的原位生成, 结果表明, 石英砂中的水合物以孔隙填充的形式赋存, 且水合物转化率与生长速度均随着石英砂粒径的减小而增大。
将多孔介质和添加剂相结合, 两者之间的协同作用有助于改善水合物的生成。多孔介质对添加剂的吸附作用会影响其促进效果, 该影响依赖于多孔介质的表面性质, 然而, 有关研究尚未见诸报道。为了明确多孔介质与添加剂之间的协同或拮抗作用, 本文利用活性炭和石英砂进行甲烷水合物生成实验,并选用 1,3-二氧五环作为热力学促进剂, 研究其与多孔介质共同作用下的水合物生成规律。
甲烷气体由青岛合力天然气有限公司提供, 纯度$\geq {99.9}\%$;去离子水由实验室自制;活性炭和 1,3-二氧五环购自阿拉丁公司;石英砂购自郑州卓凡环保科技有限公司。筛选出粒径为 0.6~1.0$\mathrm{{mm}}$的活性炭和石英砂备用。
甲烷水合物生成装置如图 1 所示。该装置主要由甲烷气瓶、反应釜、低温水浴和数据采集系统组成。反应釜由${316}\mathrm{\;L}$不锈钢制成,容积为${80}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$, 最高耐压可达${20}{\mathrm{{MPa}}}_{ \circ }$反应釜内装有温度和压力传感器,可实时监测内部的温度和压力。反应釜放置于低温水浴中, 以满足水合物实验所需的低温环境。实验时,取$5\mathrm{\;g}$多孔介质,将其与反应液按 1:1 的质量比混合,随后将混合物置于反应釜中, 并用甲烷吹洗反应釜 3 次, 以排空反应釜内空气。 当反应釜内温度稳定至实验温度${274.15}\mathrm{\;K}$时,用甲烷气瓶对反应釜充气至实验压力, 进而在低温环境下进行水合物原位生成实验。反应釜内的压力和温度数据每 10 s 记录一组。
1,3-二氧五环是一种比$\mathrm{{THF}}$更稳定、更安全的双功能(动力学和热力学)促进剂。本文探究了 1,3-二氧五环浓度$(1,3 -$二氧五环物质的量分数分别为 2.28% 和 5.56% ,分别记为浓度 1 和浓度 2,选择纯水作为参照)和初始压力(3,4,5,7MPa) 对活性炭和石英砂固载甲烷水合物生成的影响, 实验温度均为${274.15}\mathrm{\;K}$,每组实验重复 3 次。
通过 SU8000 型扫描电镜(SEM)表征活性炭和石英砂样品的表观结构;通过 BET 方法测定活性炭和石英砂样品的比表面积和孔结构, 通过$\mathrm{{BJH}}$模型给出孔径分布; 利用红外光谱仪分析活性炭和石英砂样品的分子结构和化学组成。
水合物的水合效率一般通过诱导时间、生长速度和储气量进行表征。由于水合物的反应是放热反应,故当生成水合物时,会出现压力降低,温度上升的现象。诱导时间定义为反应釜内压力达到实验所需压力的时刻与出现上述现象时刻之间的时间差。
水合物储气量根据甲烷消耗量$n$进行计算, 甲烷消耗量$n$是初始时刻反应釜内充入的甲烷的物质的量${n}_{0}$$t$时刻残余的甲烷的物质的量${n}_{t}$的差值, 其计算式为
$n = {n}_{0} - {n}_{t} = \frac{\frac{{P}_{0}{V}_{0}}{{z}_{0}R{T}_{0}} - \frac{PV}{zRT}}{1 - \frac{P\Delta Vm}{zRT}}$
式中:$P$$t$时刻反应釜内的压力,$\mathrm{{MPa}};T$$t$时刻反应釜内的温度,$\mathrm{K};V$$t$时刻反应釜内的气体体积,${\mathrm{m}}^{3};z$$t$时刻反应釜内的气体压缩因子;${P}_{0}$为初始时刻反应釜内的压力,$\mathrm{{MPa}};{T}_{0}$为初始时刻反应釜内的温度,$\mathrm{K};{V}_{0}$为初始时刻反应釜内的气体体积,${\mathrm{m}}^{3};{z}_{0}$为初始时刻反应釜内的气体压缩因子;$R$为通用气体常数,其值为${8.314};{\Delta V}$为甲烷水合物和水的摩尔体积差,其值为${4.6}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{3}$
气体压缩因子$z$的计算式为
$z = 1 + \left\lbrack {{0.083} - {0.422} \times {\left( \frac{{T}_{\mathrm{C}}}{T}\right) }^{1.6}}\right\rbrack \frac{P{T}_{\mathrm{C}}}{{P}_{\mathrm{C}}T} + \\ \omega \left\lbrack {{0.139} - {0.172} \times {\left( \frac{{T}_{\mathrm{C}}}{T}\right) }^{4.2}}\right\rbrack \frac{P{T}_{\mathrm{C}}}{{P}_{\mathrm{C}}T}$
式中:${P}_{\mathrm{C}},{T}_{\mathrm{C}}$分别为甲烷气体的临界压力和临界温度,其值分别为${4.599}\mathrm{{MPa}}$${190.6}\mathrm{\;K};\omega$为甲烷偏心因子,其值为 0.012 。
根据式 (3) 可将甲烷消耗量$n$转换为水合物储气倍数${S}_{\mathrm{H}}$ [ 11 ] ,即储气量$\left( {{\mathrm{m}}^{3}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$
${S}_{\mathrm{H}} = \frac{n \times {V}_{\mathrm{{mg}}} \times {V}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}}{\left( {{V}_{\mathrm{{il}}} - {V}_{\mathrm{{ul}}}}\right) \times \left( {{V}_{\mathrm{{ml}}} + {\Delta V}}\right) }$
式中:${V}_{\mathrm{{mg}}}$为气体的摩尔体积,$\mathrm{L}/\mathrm{{mol}};{V}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}$为液体的摩尔体积,$\mathrm{L}/\mathrm{{mol}};{V}_{\mathrm{{il}}}$为初始液体的体积,$\mathrm{L};{V}_{\mathrm{{ul}}}$为未反应液体的体积,$\mathrm{L}$
水合物生长速度${R}_{\mathrm{G}}$的计算式为 [ 11 ]
${R}_{\mathrm{G}} = \frac{{n}_{90} - {n}_{1}}{\Delta {V}_{1} \times {\Delta t}}$
式中:${n}_{90}$${90}\%$的甲烷消耗量,$\mathrm{{mol}};{n}_{1}$为达到${n}_{90}$之前任意时刻的甲烷消耗量,$\mathrm{{mol}};\Delta {V}_{1}$为消耗的溶液体积,$\mathrm{L};{\Delta t}$为时间,$\min$
图 2 为活性炭和石英砂的 SEM 图。从图 2 可以看出, 活性炭表面孔隙丰富, 而石英砂表面孔隙较少。
图 3 为活性炭和石英砂的孔径分布图和红外光谱图。
经过比表面积测试仪的测定分析, 活性炭的比表面积为${838.89}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}/\mathrm{g}$,平均孔径为${2.25}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$,微孔体积和介孔体积分别为${0.43},{0.04}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{3}/\mathrm{g}$;石英砂的比表面积仅为${0.48}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}/\mathrm{g}$,平均孔径为${1.14}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$, 石英砂中的微孔和介孔较少,可忽略。
图 3(b)可以看出,在活性炭中,${1027}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$处为酚羟基或羧基中的$\mathrm{C} - \mathrm{O}$伸缩振动吸收峰,${1184}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$处为$\mathrm{C} - \mathrm{O}$的伸缩振动峰,${1570}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$处是羧基振动峰$\left( {-\mathrm{{COOH}}}\right) ;{2855}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$${2928}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$处的峰说明活性炭中含有$\mathrm{C} - \mathrm{N}$$\mathrm{C} - \mathrm{H},{3424}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$处的峰说明活性炭中含有游离或与分子缔合的羟基。在石英砂中,${1168}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$${1078}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$处存在的强且宽的吸收带是$\mathrm{{Si}} - \mathrm{O} - \mathrm{{Si}}$反对称伸缩振动峰,${797},{779},{694},{515}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$处的峰是$\mathrm{{Si}} - \mathrm{O}$对称伸缩振动峰。
1,3-二氧五环浓度和初始压力对水合物诱导时间和储气量的影响如图 4 所示。
图 4 可知,在纯水体系中,仅在初始压力为$7\mathrm{{MPa}}$时存在诱导期,但也仅为${2.6}\mathrm{\;{min}}$,总体而言, 初始压力对水合物的诱导时间没有明显影响, 这表明活性炭本身可大幅加快水合物的成核速度。 当初始压力较低时, 水合物转化率较低, 储气效果不理想,而当初始压力升高到$5\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,储气量大幅增加至${131.39}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$。显然,初始压力越高, 水合物生长驱动力越大, 甲烷水合物的转化率也随之升高。当 1,3-二氧五环为浓度 1 时,初始压力对水合物诱导时间的影响并不明显,仅在初始压力为$4\mathrm{{MPa}}$时存在${21.7}\mathrm{\;{min}}$的诱导期。此外, 1,3-二氧五环的加入导致甲烷分子在水合物大笼中的占有率降低, 使得水合物储气量降低, 其在初始压力为$7\mathrm{{MPa}}$时仅为${115.11}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$,比纯水体系降低了 21.99%。当 1,3-二氧五环为浓度 2 时, 在初始压力为$4\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,水合物诱导期大幅增加,诱导时间高达${82.8}\mathrm{\;{min}}$。尽管$1,3 -$二氧五环降低了高压时的储气量, 但是, 当初始压力较低时, 水合物储气量较纯水体系大幅增加, 当初始压力分别为$3,4\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,浓度 2 的水合物储气量较纯水体系分别增加了 65.97%和 39.98%。
水合物生长速度定义为单位体积反应液在单位时间内消耗的甲烷的物质的量。1,3-二氧五环浓度和初始压力对水合物生长速度的影响如图 5 所示。
图 5 可知, 甲烷水合物的生长速度随着初始压力的升高而增大。在纯水体系中,当初始压力为$3\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,水合物生长速度为${5.62} \times {10}^{-6}$$\mathrm{{mol}}/\left( {\mathrm{{min}} \cdot \mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$,当初始压力升高到$7\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,水合物生长速度增加至${1.18} \times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/{\left( \mathrm{{min}} \cdot \mathrm{{mL}}\right) }_{ \circ }1,3 -$二氧五环的加入在一定程度上降低了水合物生长速度, 且该影响依赖于其浓度和初始压力, 随着 1,3-二氧五环浓度和初始压力升高, 1,3-二氧五环对水合物生长的抑制作用增强。
通过上述分析可知,活性炭与 1,3-二氧五环之间存在复杂的关系。在低压条件下, 两者存在协同作用,能够有效提高水合物储气量,但当压力升高后, 两者的拮抗作用强于协同作用, 由此导致水合效率降低。活性炭丰富的孔隙结构能够吸附 1,3-二氧五环,从而降低其作用效能。当压力较高时,活性炭孔内吸附的 1,3-二氧五环限制了孔内吸附水的转化,导致较低的水合物生长速度。而在较低压力下,压力成为制约水合物生长的主要因素, 活性炭表面残存的游离态 1,3-二氧五环有助于强化水合物的生成, 从而使得该压力窗口内的水合效率增加,且随着 1,3-二氧五环浓度的增加, 游离态 1,3-二氧五环随之增加, 其与活性炭的协同作用增强, 导致在低压下存在较高的水合物储气量。
1,3-二氧五环浓度和初始压力对水合物诱导时间和储气量的影响如图 6 所示。
结合图 4,6 可以看出,石英砂对水合物生成的促进作用远弱于活性炭。由图 6 可以看出:在纯水体系中,当初始压力低于$5\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,没有发现甲烷水合物的生成; 当初始压力升至$7\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,水合物在经历${49}\mathrm{\;{min}}$的诱导期后生成,且水合物储气量与活性炭体系相当。显然, 石英砂较差的孔隙结构导致了较低的水合物生成速度, 该发现也进一步证实了孔隙结构对水合物生成的优异促进作用。当 1,3-二氧五环为浓度 1 时,水合物在低压(3MPa)下即生成,且没有诱导期,但此时水合物储气量较低,仅为${17.36}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$。当初始压力高于$3\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,水合物诱导期出现,且随着初始压力升高, 诱导时间降低。相比之下, 随着初始压力的升高,储气量先升后降,并在初始压力为$5\mathrm{{MPa}}$时达到最高储气量$\left( {{107.97}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$。高浓度(浓度 2)的 1,3-二氧五环能够有效缩短水合物诱导期, 但由于 1,3-二氧五环在水合物大笼中的占有率增加,使得水合物储气量低于低浓度 1,3-二氧五环。
1,3-二氧五环浓度和初始压力对水合物生长速度的影响如图 7 所示。
图 7 可以看出, 加入 1,3-二氧五环后, 水合物生长速度大幅增加,且 1,3-二氧五环浓度越高, 水合物生长越快。水合物生长速度依赖于初始压力,随着初始压力升高,水合物生长速度先增后降,在初始压力为$5\mathrm{{MPa}}$时,生长速度最快。
通过上述分析可知,在低压下,$1,3 -$二氧五环对石英砂固载甲烷水合物的生成起到促进作用,主要是因为石英砂表面孔结构简单,几乎不会对 1,3-二氧五环产生较强的吸附作用,使得体系中存在较多的游离态 1,3-二氧五环。但 1,3- 二氧五环与石英砂之间的协同作用导致水合物生成动力学较为复杂, 使得水合效率严重依赖于初始压力,并在初始压力为$5\mathrm{{MPa}}$时达到最优水合效率。通过对比水合物储气量与生长速度可知, 尽管高浓度 (浓度 2)的 1,3-二氧五环在初始压力为$5\mathrm{{MPa}}$时大幅增强了水合物生长速度,但该条件下的水合物储气量远低于低浓度(浓度 1 )的 1,3-二氧五环体系。显然,水合物的快速生长不利于水合物的转化, 表层水的快速转化形成的水合物壳限制了甲烷气体向内的传质, 导致内部存在未转化的残余水, 而活性炭丰富的比表面积增加了气液接触面积, 有效改善了该传质限制。
本文探究了 1,3-二氧五环作用下的多孔介质 (活性炭和石英砂) 固载甲烷水合物生成规律, 分析了多孔介质与 1,3-二氧五环对水合物生长的协同与拮抗作用,并明确了孔隙结构的影响,得到如下结论。
①在低压下,活性炭与 1,3-二氧五环能够协同促进水合物生长; 在高压下, 两者之间的拮抗作用导致了较差的水合效率,且随着 1,3-二氧五环浓度和初始压力的增加, 拮抗作用增强, 水合效率降低;相比之下,1,3-二氧五环与石英砂的协同作用有助于强化甲烷水合物生成, 使得低压下具有较优异的水合效率。
②活性炭的孔隙结构增加了气液接触面积, 能够大幅强化甲烷水合物成核与转化率,但其对 1,3-二氧五环的吸附制约了 1,3-二氧五环对水合物生成的促进效能, 导致活性炭体系在低压下的水合效率较差。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(21978142)
  • 山东省泰山学者人才工程项目(tsqn202211159)
  • 山东省优秀青年基金项目(ZR2022YQ13)
  • 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MB079)
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2025年第43卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2023-09-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-28
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(21978142)
山东省泰山学者人才工程项目(tsqn202211159)
山东省优秀青年基金项目(ZR2022YQ13)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MB079)
作者信息
    1 青岛科技大学 机电工程学院 山东 青岛 266061

通讯作者:

王飞(1988-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为基于气体水合物的天然气储运、储氢、二氧化碳捕集等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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