Article(id=1152988804630696347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700755200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752823552520, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1742400000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752823552520, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752823552520, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752823552520, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152988797865283976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2025', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='285', pageEnd='426', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752823550907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694485968, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641764313260888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641764313260889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=422, endPage=426, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152988805054321053, articleId=1152988804630696347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Investigation into the calculation methodology for input wave energy power of the Sharp Eagle wave energy converter, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Wave energy resources, particularly the incident wave power density, are critical to the design and evaluation of wave energy conversion systems. Based on the operational principles of the Eagle wave energy converter, this study analyzes the incident wave power density under realsea conditions, develops a methodology for measuring input wave energy power, and establishes an input wave power model. Utilizing wave data including significant wave height, mean period, and wave direction collected over 217 consecutive hours from June 8 to 18, 2016, during the realsea state testing of the "Wanshan" Eagle wave energy converter, the realtime input wave energy power was measured and compared with published literature data. The results indicate that the measured values are generally lower than those reported in the literature, and the temporal variation in wave power is more gradual, providing a more accurate representation of actual marine environmental changes. Consequently, the proposed incident wave power measurement method can offer precise and reliable reference data for the design and performance assessment of wave energy conversion systems or wave power stations.

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波浪能资源特别是入射波功率密度在波浪能发电装置的设计及评估中有着重要的作用。文章基于鹰式波浪能发电装置的工作原理,在考虑入射波角度的情况下,分析了实海况下该装置的入射波功率密度,研究了该装置的输入波能功率的测算方法,并建立了输入波功率模型。以“万山号”鹰式波浪能发电装置实海况试验期间,2016年06月0818日连续217h的有效波高、有效周期、浪向等波浪要素数据为研究对象,采用测算方法获得了装置的实时输入波能功率,并与公开文献中的数据进行比较分析。结果显示,测算结果多数情况下均小于文献中的结果,波功率的实时变化更平缓,更能真实反映实际海洋环境变化。因此,入射波功率测算方法可为波浪能发电装置或波浪能发电站的设计及性能评估提供更准确、可靠的参考数据。

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张亚群(1981-),女,博士,副研究员,主要从事海洋波浪能转换方面的研究。E-mail:
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适用于鹰式波浪能发电装置的输入波能功率的测算方法研究
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邹国惠 1 , 吴宏远 1 , 廖雁群 1 , 裴星宇 1 , 张亚群 2, 3
可再生能源 | 2025,43(3): 422-426
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可再生能源 | 2025, 43(3): 422-426
适用于鹰式波浪能发电装置的输入波能功率的测算方法研究
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邹国惠1, 吴宏远1, 廖雁群1, 裴星宇1, 张亚群2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 广东电网有限责任公司 珠海供电局 广东 珠海 519000
  • 2 中国科学院 广州能源研究所 广东 广州 510640
  • 3 中国科学院 可再生能源重点试验室 广东 广州 510640

通讯作者:

张亚群(1981-),女,博士,副研究员,主要从事海洋波浪能转换方面的研究。E-mail:
Investigation into the calculation methodology for input wave energy power of the Sharp Eagle wave energy converter
Guohui Zou1, Hongyuan Wu1, Yanqun Liao1, Xingyu Pei1, Yaqun Zhang2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 Zhuhai Power Supply Bureau Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd. Zhuhai 519000 China
  • 2 Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Chinese Academy Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China
出版时间: 2025-03-20
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波浪能资源特别是入射波功率密度在波浪能发电装置的设计及评估中有着重要的作用。文章基于鹰式波浪能发电装置的工作原理,在考虑入射波角度的情况下,分析了实海况下该装置的入射波功率密度,研究了该装置的输入波能功率的测算方法,并建立了输入波功率模型。以“万山号”鹰式波浪能发电装置实海况试验期间,2016年06月0818日连续217h的有效波高、有效周期、浪向等波浪要素数据为研究对象,采用测算方法获得了装置的实时输入波能功率,并与公开文献中的数据进行比较分析。结果显示,测算结果多数情况下均小于文献中的结果,波功率的实时变化更平缓,更能真实反映实际海洋环境变化。因此,入射波功率测算方法可为波浪能发电装置或波浪能发电站的设计及性能评估提供更准确、可靠的参考数据。

鹰式波浪能发电装置  /  波浪能功率密度  /  入射波能功率  /  浪向

Wave energy resources, particularly the incident wave power density, are critical to the design and evaluation of wave energy conversion systems. Based on the operational principles of the Eagle wave energy converter, this study analyzes the incident wave power density under realsea conditions, develops a methodology for measuring input wave energy power, and establishes an input wave power model. Utilizing wave data including significant wave height, mean period, and wave direction collected over 217 consecutive hours from June 8 to 18, 2016, during the realsea state testing of the "Wanshan" Eagle wave energy converter, the realtime input wave energy power was measured and compared with published literature data. The results indicate that the measured values are generally lower than those reported in the literature, and the temporal variation in wave power is more gradual, providing a more accurate representation of actual marine environmental changes. Consequently, the proposed incident wave power measurement method can offer precise and reliable reference data for the design and performance assessment of wave energy conversion systems or wave power stations.

Sharp Eagle wave energy converter  /  wave energy power density  /  incident wave energy power  /  wave direction
邹国惠, 吴宏远, 廖雁群, 裴星宇, 张亚群. 适用于鹰式波浪能发电装置的输入波能功率的测算方法研究. 可再生能源, 2025 , 43 (3) : 422 -426 .
Guohui Zou, Hongyuan Wu, Yanqun Liao, Xingyu Pei, Yaqun Zhang. Investigation into the calculation methodology for input wave energy power of the Sharp Eagle wave energy converter[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2025 , 43 (3) : 422 -426 .
近年来,随着极端天气的频繁出现,各国正在逐步降低碳排放,减少传统化石能源的使用,加大海洋能等可再生能源的开发利用。海洋波浪能是一种绿色、全天候、可就地取能就地使用的能源, 且储量巨大,受到各国的普遍重视。
波浪能开发利用的目标是以发电为主,也可用于制氢、制淡水等。目前,利用波浪能发电的海洋装备主要为波浪能发电装置 (Wave Energy Converter, WEC) 或波浪能发电站。波浪能资源分布是影响波浪能发电装置或波浪能发电站设计、 建造、布放、运维的关键参数, 也是影响其发电能力、建造成本、运行安全的重要因素之一。已有大量研究人员开展了波浪能资源评估与分析方面的研究。王项南 ${}^{\Pi }$ 采用海浪谱估计理论统计入射波浪能量,评估了波浪能发电系统的性能。范飞 2 对比了深水简化的波浪能评估方法和 Kim 简化的评估方法, 并对山东半岛的波浪能资源进行了评估。 任建莉 [ 3 ] 开发了一个能对各项波浪原始观测数据进行全面管理与统计分析的计算机软件。郑崇伟等 [ 4 - 8 ] 开展了多个海域的波浪能资源统计分析。但针对波浪能发电装置或波浪能发电站设计及性能评估所需的实海况波浪能资源数据, 特别是输入波浪能功率方面的数据,却鲜有资料提及 [ 9 ]
因此, 本文以 “万山号” 鹰式波浪能发电装置为研究对象, 开展入射波功率密度测算方法的研究,建立输入波功率模型,通过实例结果与参考文献结果进行对比分析, 验证测算方法及模型的准确性, 进而为波浪能发电装置或波浪能发电站的前期设计提供参考, 并为后期的性能评估提供判断依据。
“万山号”鹰式波浪能发电装置属于一种液压振荡浮子式波浪能发电装置 [ 10 ] ,建成后的装置如图 1 所示。
该装置采用双向四个鹰式吸波浮子的设计, 单个鹰式吸波浮子的宽度为 ${12}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,采用四角锚链系泊。鹰式波浪能发电装置主要由吸波浮子、水下附体、能量转换系统、发电系统、控制系统、锚泊系统等组成。
该装置的能量转换过程可分为 3 部分, 如图 2 所示。第一部分为波浪能俘获过程, 吸波浮子俘获波浪能转换为液压缸的往复机械能; 第二部分为能量转换过程, 液压缸将往复的机械能转换为高压液压能储存于蓄能系统中, 通过液压自治控制器将高压液压能转换为液压马达的旋转机械能;第三部分为发电过程,液压马达带动发电机将旋转机械能转换为电能, 储存在蓄电池中或并入电网 [ 11 ]
波浪能功率密度,又称为能流密度,是波浪在传播方向上单位时间内通过单位波峰宽度上的能量。波浪能功率密度是评价波浪能资源分布状况的最重要要素 [ 12 ] 。参照波浪能功率密度的概念,波浪能发电装置的输入波能功率密度可以解释为, 波浪作用于波浪能发电装置吸波浮子上, 与吸波浮子做功方向一致时, 吸波浮子迎波宽度的能流密度。
波浪能发电装置的输入波能功率密度的测算以波浪能发电装置所布放海域的波浪能功率密度为基础, 波浪能功率密度则因波浪能发电装置所投放海域的水深不同而不同。参考国家标准《波浪能资源评估及特征描述》$\mathrm{{GB}}/\mathrm{T}{39571} - {2020}$,根据波长与水深的数值比判断是属于有限水深海域或是深水海域, 并选择对应的公式计算波浪能功率密度。
对于波浪能发电装置, 其布放海域的波浪为深水随机波,波浪能功率密度${P}_{\text{irr }}$ [ 13 ]
${P}_{\mathrm{{in}}} = {\int }_{0}^{\infty }{\rho g}\frac{\omega }{2k}\left( {1 + \frac{2kh}{\sinh {2kh}}}\right) S\left( \omega \right) \mathrm{d}\omega = {0.5}{H}_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}{T}_{\mathrm{z}}$
式中:$\rho$为流体密度,$\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3};g$为重力加速度,$\mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{s}}^{2}$;$\omega$为圆频率, rad/s;$k$为波数;$S\left( \omega \right)$为波浪谱,${\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{s};h$为水深,$\mathrm{m};{H}_{\mathrm{s}}$为有效波高,$\mathrm{m};{T}_{\mathrm{z}}$为平均周期, s。
如计算中使用的为实海况数据, 存在如下的换算关系 [ 14 - 17 ] :
${T}_{\mathrm{s}} = {1.2}{T}_{\mathrm{z}}$
式中:${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$为有效周期,$\mathrm{s}$
将式(2)带入式(1),得:
${P}_{\mathrm{{irr}}} = {0.42}{H}_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}$
针对鹰式波浪能发电装置, 由于液压缸在沿其中轴线方向的波浪力作用下运动, 将俘获的波浪能转换为液压缸的动能, 从而驱动液压系统。液压缸运动方向与吸波浮子迎波宽度方向垂直,因此, 在测算波浪能发电装置的入射波功率密度时, 主要关注吸波浮子迎波宽度垂线方向上的波浪, 其他方向的波浪可忽略不计。
假设实海况中, 波浪的传播方向与吸波浮子迎波宽度形成夹角$\theta$,如图 3 所示。当$\theta < {90}^{ \circ }$时,吸波浮子 1 俘获波浪能;当$\theta > {90}^{ \circ }$时,由于鹰式波浪能发电装置 “万山号” 为轴对称结构, 则吸波浮子 2 俘获波浪能; 当$\theta = {90}^{ \circ }$时,则两边的吸波浮子均不俘获波浪能。
结合式 (3) 和图 3, 波浪能发电装置的输入波能功率密度为
${P}_{\mathrm{{irr}}} = {0.42}{H}_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}\left| {\cos \theta }\right|$
$\theta = \alpha - \beta$
式中:$\alpha$为波浪能发电装置的布放角度,${}^{ \circ };\beta$为入射波浪的方向,${}^{ \circ }$。这两个角度参数均参考风向定义,北向为${0}^{ \circ }$,沿顺时针递增。
建立波浪能发电装置的输入波能功率模型, 有利于掌握装置输入端的波浪能资源情况, 一方面可校验装置的设计方案, 另一方面便于评估装置的性能。
设计波浪能发电装置时, 为实现高效俘获波浪能, 同时确保装置的安全性, 应根据入射波高大小,将装置设计为不同工作状态。“万山号”波浪能发电装置的实海况运行状态分为以下两种。
①保护状态。当入射波波高高于装置设计的工作工况波高时, 为避免波浪能量过大导致装置结构损坏, 波浪能发电装置采取回港或下潜避浪。
②工作状态。当入射波波高在装置可响应的波高范围内,波浪能发电装置可俘获波浪能。
根据上述两种状态, 波浪能发电装置的入射波能功率 ${P}_{\mathrm{{WEC}} - \mathrm{{in}}}$ 可表示为
${P}_{\mathrm{{WEC}} - \mathrm{{in}}} = \left\{ \begin{array}{l} 0,{H}_{\mathrm{s}} \geq {H}_{0} \\ {P}_{\mathrm{{irr}}},{H}_{\mathrm{s}} < {H}_{0} \end{array}\right.$
式中: ${H}_{0}$ 为波浪能发电装置设计的工作工况波高的上限值, $\mathrm{m}$
在工作状态下, 根据入射波波高大小, 波浪能发电装置的工作工况又可细分为两个阶段。
①未蓄能发电。当入射波波高低于波浪能发电装置的启动发电波高 ${H}_{1}$ 时,波浪能量较小,无法推动吸波浮体运动, 波浪能发电装置未俘获波浪能。
②蓄能发电。当入射波波高高于启动发电波高 ${H}_{1}$ 时,吸波浮体随着波浪运动,波浪能发电装置输入的波浪功率为
${P}_{\mathrm{{WEC}} - \mathrm{{in}}} = {0.42}{H}_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}B\left| {\cos \theta }\right| ,{H}_{1} \leq {H}_{\mathrm{s}} < {H}_{0}$
式中: $B$ 为吸波浮子的迎波宽度, $\mathrm{m}$
综合式(6),(7),波浪能发电装置的输入波能功率为
${P}_{\mathrm{{WEC}} - \mathrm{{in}}} = \left\{ \begin{array}{l} 0,{H}_{\mathrm{s}} \geq {H}_{0} \\ {0.42}{H}_{\mathrm{s}}{}^{2}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}B\left| {\cos \theta }\right| ,{H}_{1} \leq {H}_{\mathrm{s}} < {H}_{0} \\ 0,{H}_{\mathrm{s}} < {H}_{1} \end{array}\right.$
以“万山号”波浪能发电装置为例,以其投放海域的波浪数据为基础, 进行波浪能发电装置输入波浪能功率的情况统计。“万山号”波浪能发电装置的迎波宽度为 ${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,启动发电波高为 0.7 $\mathrm{m}$ ,极限工作波高为 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ ,布放角度为 ${310}^{ \circ }/{130}^{ \circ }$
由于“万山号”波浪能发电装置布放走向为东南-西北走向 [ 18 ] ,其结构为双向对称的四鹰式浮子设计。因此,在浪向为 ${310}^{ \circ }$${130}^{ \circ }$ 时,吸波浮子均正向对浪。下面以 2016 年 06 月 08-18 日 ${217}\mathrm{\;h}$ 的数据为例, 对式 (8) 中的参数值进行统计分析, 结果如图 4 所示。
波浪的有效波高、有效周期和浪向均以 $1\mathrm{\;h}$ 为单位进行同步采集。从图 4 可以看出:有效波高变动频繁,分布在 ${0.5} \sim {2.0}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,最小和最大波高分别为 ${0.565},{1.705}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,测试时间内波浪能发电装置均处于工作状态中的蓄能发电阶段;有效周期也变化频繁,最小和最大有效周期分别为 4.45 , ${6.585}\mathrm{\;s}$ ;由于测试时间较短,入射波的浪向比较恒定, 无极端变化情况, 最小和最大浪向分别为 176.2,205.1 ${}^{ \circ }$ ,浪向变化小于30 ${}^{ \circ }$
根据式 (8), 计算获得测试时间段内的入射波能功率。为了验证本文计算方法的准确性, 将文献 [ 19 ] 中的计算结果与本文计算结果进行对比, 结果如图 5 所示。其中,文献[ 19 ]计算入射波能功率时未考虑入射波角度的影响。
结合图 4,5 可以看出:当有效波高为 ${0.5} \sim 1\mathrm{m}$ 时, 由于波高较小, 两条入射波功率曲线的变化趋势及数值上基本一致; 当有效波高大于 $1\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,两条入射波功率曲线的数值差变大, 波高越大, 两者之间的数值差越大, 且本文计算结果均小于文献 [ 19 ] 的结果。总体而言, 本文测算方法获得的入射波功率的整体变化较文献[ 19 ]小。在实际海洋中, 入射波功率密度在短时间内的变化较小,即本文的计算结果更符合实际海况。
①在考虑了波浪入射角度的条件下,本文推导了实海况鹰式波浪能发电装置入射波功率的测算方法, 得出了相关的计算模型。
②当有效波高为 ${0.5} \sim 1\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,本文测算的和文献[ 19 ]中的入射波功率曲线的变化趋势及数值上基本一致; 当有效波高大于 $1\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,两条入射波功率曲线的数值差变大, 波高越大, 数值差越大,且本文计算结果均小于文献[ 19 ]的结果。本文测算方法获得的数据较文献 [ 19 ] 更符合实际海况。
③本文建立的鹰式波浪能发电装置的入射波功率模型, 可为鹰式波浪能发电装置的设计提供参考, 同时为后期评估波浪能发电装置的波浪转换效率、工作性能提供依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2401201)
  • 南方电网公司科技项目)(030400KK52220023(GDKJXM20220760))
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2025年第43卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2023-11-24
  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-24
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2401201)
南方电网公司科技项目)(030400KK52220023(GDKJXM20220760))
作者信息
    1 广东电网有限责任公司 珠海供电局 广东 珠海 519000
    2 中国科学院 广州能源研究所 广东 广州 510640
    3 中国科学院 可再生能源重点试验室 广东 广州 510640

通讯作者:

张亚群(1981-),女,博士,副研究员,主要从事海洋波浪能转换方面的研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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