Article(id=1152988804068659609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724256000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752823552386, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1742400000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752823552386, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752823552386, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752823552386, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152988797865283976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2025', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='285', pageEnd='426', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752823550907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694485968, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641764313260888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641764313260889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=388, endPage=399, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152988804488090010, articleId=1152988804068659609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Bi-level game optimization model of multi-park integrated energy system based on electricity and carbon coupling, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With the continuous development of userside distributed energy resources, interactions among multiagent resources have gradually emerged. Due to autonomous regulation of distributed energy equipment and diversification of operational methods among renewable energy and load entities, it is imperative to establish multiagent gametheoretic optimization models to satisfy diverse interests. This paper focuses on multiparklevel integrated energy systems and constructs a twolayer gameoptimized scheduling model. First, a ladder carbongreen certificate trading model incorporating an equivalent offset mechanism is proposed, considering carbon emissions generated by parks during production and operational activities. Second, based on actual cooperative scenarios among parks, a multipark gametheoretic optimization model is developed to study dynamic pricing strategies of integrated system operators and the optimal operational scheduling of parks. Finally, case studies demonstrate that the proposed model achieves economic efficiency while reducing system carbon emissions, unifying economic and carbon reduction benefits.
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随着用户侧分布式能源的不断发展,多主体资源间逐渐呈现互动态势。由于分布式能源设备自主调控以及新能源、负荷等主体的运营方式多样化明显,亟须建立多主体博弈优化模型,满足多样化利益诉求。文章以多园区综合能源系统为研究对象,构建双层博弈优化调度模型。首先,综合考虑园区在生产经营活动中所产生的碳排放量,构建考虑等效抵消机制的阶梯碳绿证交易模型;其次,依据园区实际合作情况,构建多园区博弈模型,研究系统运营商动态定价与园区优化运行调度问题;最后,通过算例分析验证所构建模型能够在保证经济性的同时降低系统碳排放量,实现了经济与碳减排效益相统一。
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王永利(1980-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为技术经济与管理、综合能源系统。E-mail: wyl_2001_ren@163.com。
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王永利(1980-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为技术经济与管理、综合能源系统。E-mail: wyl_2001_ren@163.com。
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2023., articleTitle=基于混合博弈的综合能源系统多主体交易优化方法, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1159145710794158494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, awardId=72371101, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(72371101), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145707484852579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145707493241188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, companyId=1159145707484852579, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145707497435493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, companyId=1159145707484852579, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 华北电力大学 北京 102206)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1159145709066105218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Energy flow structure diagram of integrated energy system, figureFileSmall=yEeXkaowGkgPVHTwsocrfA==, figureFileBig=0KY7/tLrKkLgW2F660RJmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709116436867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=
综合能源系统能流结构图, figureFileSmall=yEeXkaowGkgPVHTwsocrfA==, figureFileBig=0KY7/tLrKkLgW2F660RJmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709179351428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Ladder carbon-green certificate joint trading framework, figureFileSmall=zxjOsaAc+f+STYxt89avsw==, figureFileBig=icixlTmD6uSwWBnvVdQqKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709229683077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
阶梯碳-绿证联合交易架构, figureFileSmall=zxjOsaAc+f+STYxt89avsw==, figureFileBig=icixlTmD6uSwWBnvVdQqKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709284209030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
MPIES game architecture, figureFileSmall=sWRHTHjlPYbEbanBCxkq/g==, figureFileBig=eFmtwn/+X8ObrLUEhHWGQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709334540679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
MPIES 博弈架构, figureFileSmall=sWRHTHjlPYbEbanBCxkq/g==, figureFileBig=eFmtwn/+X8ObrLUEhHWGQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709389066632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Resource data graph of the PIES cluster and market price curve, figureFileSmall=EROF2LVX1iHvVveWbY7lAA==, figureFileBig=NAlLqkCC6B1jTqZrYInh9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709439398281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
园区集群资源数据及外部市场价格曲线, figureFileSmall=EROF2LVX1iHvVveWbY7lAA==, figureFileBig=NAlLqkCC6B1jTqZrYInh9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709502312842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Power transmission of PIES union, figureFileSmall=lpmWX3u6xtuwB4KPmojLyA==, figureFileBig=P06eBIxug6rjzQqAucv3fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709561033099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
园区间电能传输情况, figureFileSmall=lpmWX3u6xtuwB4KPmojLyA==, figureFileBig=P06eBIxug6rjzQqAucv3fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709615559052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Pricing strategy of ISO, figureFileSmall=A5jzG801S8IJ7B/161rMtA==, figureFileBig=Ih/VPNTF23OjARznK+3bVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709691056525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=
ISO 定价策略, figureFileSmall=A5jzG801S8IJ7B/161rMtA==, figureFileBig=Ih/VPNTF23OjARznK+3bVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709749776782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Interaction between ISO and power grid, non-cooperative PIES, figureFileSmall=9nxjpHcz+mUbIkBLIY6TOw==, figureFileBig=IMRbNcbTKdHA2NuWqA2xyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709812691343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=
ISO 与非合作园区、电网交互情况, figureFileSmall=9nxjpHcz+mUbIkBLIY6TOw==, figureFileBig=IMRbNcbTKdHA2NuWqA2xyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709867217296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
PIES electric, heating and cooling system balance and demand response situation, figureFileSmall=nQ77VAlThQkwiPIsr1tdbQ==, figureFileBig=XJ/fywMb4ExPKA7SQQ696Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709946909073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=
园区电、热、冷系统平衡及需求响应, figureFileSmall=nQ77VAlThQkwiPIsr1tdbQ==, figureFileBig=XJ/fywMb4ExPKA7SQQ696Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145709993046418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Iterative optimization process diagram, figureFileSmall=Ydbf7m2c1JWZnU06dCWRfA==, figureFileBig=7ziiBDfg3sjeJD+RwU4/pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145710039183763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=
迭代优化过程, figureFileSmall=Ydbf7m2c1JWZnU06dCWRfA==, figureFileBig=7ziiBDfg3sjeJD+RwU4/pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145710089515412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Chart of benefit distribution results in PIES ${}_{1} - {\mathrm{{PIES}}}_{3}$, figureFileSmall=PjkjEiSAw3ZLilUEdiTK9g==, figureFileBig=MczjizkvmuhklwUgaeKHyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145710156624277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=图 10, caption=
园区效益分配结果, figureFileSmall=PjkjEiSAw3ZLilUEdiTK9g==, figureFileBig=MczjizkvmuhklwUgaeKHyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145710223733142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
PIES equipment capacity, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Table 1 | |
| 设备 | PIES | ${\mathrm{{PIES}}}_{2}$ | PIES3 | ${\mathrm{{PIES}}}_{4}$ | PIESs |
| 风机 | 1000 | 600 | 2000 | 5000 | 4000 |
| 光伏 | 300 | 500 | 600 | 1000 | 2000 |
| CCHP | 1000 | 1 800 | 2500 | 2000 | 1500 |
| 蓄电池 | 2000 | 400 | 1000 | 2000 | 500 |
| 蓄热罐 | 1000 | 560 | 1000 | 1000 | 560 |
| 蓄冰槽 | 800 | | 1000 | 800 | 800 |
| 电制冷 | | 1 200 | 400 | | |
| 电锅炉 | | | 300 | 1200 | 800 |
| 热泵 | 800 | 900 | 800 | 1000 | 300 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145710274064791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
园区设备容量配置, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Table 1 | |
| 设备 | PIES | ${\mathrm{{PIES}}}_{2}$ | PIES3 | ${\mathrm{{PIES}}}_{4}$ | PIESs |
| 风机 | 1000 | 600 | 2000 | 5000 | 4000 |
| 光伏 | 300 | 500 | 600 | 1000 | 2000 |
| CCHP | 1000 | 1 800 | 2500 | 2000 | 1500 |
| 蓄电池 | 2000 | 400 | 1000 | 2000 | 500 |
| 蓄热罐 | 1000 | 560 | 1000 | 1000 | 560 |
| 蓄冰槽 | 800 | | 1000 | 800 | 800 |
| 电制冷 | | 1 200 | 400 | | |
| 电锅炉 | | | 300 | 1200 | 800 |
| 热泵 | 800 | 900 | 800 | 1000 | 300 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145710336979352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Key parameters of energy supply units, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类型 | 参数 | 数值 |
| CCHP | 电效率 | 0.375 |
| 热效率 | 0.500 |
| 冷效率 | 0.47 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.044 |
| 光伏 | 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.024 |
| 风电 | 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.02 |
| 电锅炉 | 效率 | 0.92 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.02 |
| 热泵 | 效率 | 3.64 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.03 |
| 电制冷机 | 效率 | 1.49 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.015 |
| 蓄电池 | 效率 | 0.95 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.011 |
| 蓄热罐 | 效率 | 0.92 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.018 |
| 蓄冰槽 | 效率 | 0.92 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.019 |
| ${\nu }_{\mathrm{g}}$ | 联盟购电折扣系数 | 0.9 |
| $\sigma$ | 传输损耗成本系数 | 0.08 |
| ${\widehat{o}}_{\text{green }}$ | 绿证配额转化系数 | 0.85 |
| ${r}_{\mathrm{{GE}}}$ | 每个绿证交易价格/元 | 50 |
| ${\psi }_{\text{grid }}$ | 电网购电折扣系数 | 0.8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145710391505305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
能源供给单元关键参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类型 | 参数 | 数值 |
| CCHP | 电效率 | 0.375 |
| 热效率 | 0.500 |
| 冷效率 | 0.47 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.044 |
| 光伏 | 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.024 |
| 风电 | 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.02 |
| 电锅炉 | 效率 | 0.92 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.02 |
| 热泵 | 效率 | 3.64 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.03 |
| 电制冷机 | 效率 | 1.49 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.015 |
| 蓄电池 | 效率 | 0.95 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.011 |
| 蓄热罐 | 效率 | 0.92 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.018 |
| 蓄冰槽 | 效率 | 0.92 |
| 运维成本系数/元 $\cdot {\left( \mathrm{{kW}} \cdot \mathrm{h}\right) }^{-1}$ | 0.019 |
| ${\nu }_{\mathrm{g}}$ | 联盟购电折扣系数 | 0.9 |
| $\sigma$ | 传输损耗成本系数 | 0.08 |
| ${\widehat{o}}_{\text{green }}$ | 绿证配额转化系数 | 0.85 |
| ${r}_{\mathrm{{GE}}}$ | 每个绿证交易价格/元 | 50 |
| ${\psi }_{\text{grid }}$ | 电网购电折扣系数 | 0.8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145710458614170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Comparison of optimization results for PIES in scenario 1, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 园区 | PIES1 | PIES2 | | PIES | PIESs |
| 总成本/元 | 24 936.54 | 30428.51 | 10544.19 | 38 129.30 | 40 991.45 |
| 运维成本/元 | 1043.43 | 2367.34 | 3778.15 | 2707.70 | 1976.34 |
| 购电成本/元 | 20335.35 | 22542.27 | 6211.75 | 29 243.60 | 32 870.50 |
| 阶梯碳 交易成本/元 | 2969.63 | 4077.17 | -1875.00 | 4715.37 | 5 106.95 |
| 购气成本/元 | 538.13 | 1341.73 | 2389.29 | 1412.63 | 987.66 |
| 绿证成本/元 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| 碳排放量/t | 27.59 | 50.35 | 36.68 | 50.05 | 48.44 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145710521528731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
场景 1 优化结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 园区 | PIES1 | PIES2 | | PIES | PIESs |
| 总成本/元 | 24 936.54 | 30428.51 | 10544.19 | 38 129.30 | 40 991.45 |
| 运维成本/元 | 1043.43 | 2367.34 | 3778.15 | 2707.70 | 1976.34 |
| 购电成本/元 | 20335.35 | 22542.27 | 6211.75 | 29 243.60 | 32 870.50 |
| 阶梯碳 交易成本/元 | 2969.63 | 4077.17 | -1875.00 | 4715.37 | 5 106.95 |
| 购气成本/元 | 538.13 | 1341.73 | 2389.29 | 1412.63 | 987.66 |
| 绿证成本/元 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| 碳排放量/t | 27.59 | 50.35 | 36.68 | 50.05 | 48.44 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145710580248988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Optimization results for PIES in scenario 2, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 园区 | 总成本/元 | 实际碳排放量/t |
| 联盟 | 49491.59 | 94.85 |
| PIES | 29 992.41 | 39.30 |
| ${\mathrm{{PIES}}}_{5}$ | 31701.90 | 37.07 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145710638969245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988804068659609, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=
PIES 场景 2 优化结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 园区 | 总成本/元 | 实际碳排放量/t |
| 联盟 | 49491.59 | 94.85 |
| PIES | 29 992.41 | 39.30 |
| ${\mathrm{{PIES}}}_{5}$ | 31701.90 | 37.07 |
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