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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technology holds significant promise in the field of hydrogen production. To conduct an indepth investigation into the performance and optimization potential of this technology, this paper employs the commercial software Comsol Multiphysics to establish a threedimensional, twophase, nonisothermal fully coupled model of a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell, taking into account the transport of water within the membrane. The research findings demonstrate that the trapezoidal channel design outperforms the rectangular channel configuration, resulting in a 5.5% performance enhancement at a working voltage of 2.4 V. Through an analysis of water/gas distribution, temperature profiles, membrane water content, and membrane conductivity variations with voltage, it is revealed that the trapezoidal channel exhibits superior gas/liquid transport performance compared to the rectangular channel. At 2.4 V voltage, the trapezoidal channel's anode catalytic layer exhibits a 7.92% increase in water saturation relative to the rectangular channel, a 10.36% reduction in oxygen concentration, a 1.22% elevation in membrane water content, and a 1.75% increase in membrane conductivity, despite the temperature differences within the membrane being relatively insignificant.
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质子交换膜电解水制氢技术在制氢领域有着广阔的发展前景,为深入研究该技术,文章使用商业软件Comsol Multiphysics 建立了一个考虑膜内水分输运的三维、两相、非等温全耦合质子交换膜电解槽模型,以精确地描述质子交换膜电解槽在实际运行中的传输反应过程,并分析梯形和矩形流道结构下质子交换膜电解槽性能的差异。研究结果表明:梯形流道结构的电解槽性能优于矩形流道,在2.4V的工作电压下,性能提升了5.5%;相较于矩形流道,梯形流道具有更出色的水/气传输性能,在2.4V 的工作电压下,梯形流道阳极催化层内的水饱和度比矩形流道提高了7.92%,氧气浓度降低了10.36%,膜內含水量提高了1.22%,膜电导率提高了1.75%,但两种流道膜内温度的差异并不显著。
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PEM cell structure schematic, figureFileSmall=9JIiAHwh0802u1XNKk5VAg==, figureFileBig=aXVzasgu/VTpx+g+gwKqXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145613490500555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=
PEM 电解槽结构示意图, figureFileSmall=9JIiAHwh0802u1XNKk5VAg==, figureFileBig=aXVzasgu/VTpx+g+gwKqXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145613549220815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Model validation, figureFileSmall=vKzNzzhguA0dNiYAkig/8A==, figureFileBig=fhHtBe7rmqrq3ycvd2YogQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145613658272723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
模型验证, figureFileSmall=vKzNzzhguA0dNiYAkig/8A==, figureFileBig=fhHtBe7rmqrq3ycvd2YogQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145613725381589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Comparison of polarization curves for two different flow channel designs, figureFileSmall=UcBd6uhoPYCsADflRBmegg==, figureFileBig=NXxeaixJ6Bjpvl2Bbiw6BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145613813461975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
两种流道下的极化曲线对比, figureFileSmall=UcBd6uhoPYCsADflRBmegg==, figureFileBig=NXxeaixJ6Bjpvl2Bbiw6BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145613897348056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Water/Gas distribution on the anode side of a trapezoidal flow channel electrolyzer, figureFileSmall=ugVzWvJKXEN7+ACcbQQLjQ==, figureFileBig=fjwAu+mFSamFJ4oopR+OcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145613964456922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
梯形流道电解槽阳极侧的水/气分布情况, figureFileSmall=ugVzWvJKXEN7+ACcbQQLjQ==, figureFileBig=fjwAu+mFSamFJ4oopR+OcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145614023177180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Water/gas distribution within the catalyst layer, figureFileSmall=HMNqTsXHGrVMZgnhRc/Vlg==, figureFileBig=QzJSYxC45zzTDwJu2vhHXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145614081897438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
催化层内的水/气分布, figureFileSmall=HMNqTsXHGrVMZgnhRc/Vlg==, figureFileBig=QzJSYxC45zzTDwJu2vhHXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145614190949345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Temperature distribution in proton exchange membrane, figureFileSmall=omhl4kMgUEBI7fj7HnK6Lw==, figureFileBig=7vUyySGMJ1oJcV4pq44q0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145614262252515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=
质子交换膜温度分布情况, figureFileSmall=omhl4kMgUEBI7fj7HnK6Lw==, figureFileBig=7vUyySGMJ1oJcV4pq44q0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145614316778469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
The change of water content and conductivity within membrane, figureFileSmall=tmIuIiYTnQmC4YwitZRqww==, figureFileBig=kDNZRue3jA1dovzOBXvC2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145614367110119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=
膜内含水量和电导率的变化, figureFileSmall=tmIuIiYTnQmC4YwitZRqww==, figureFileBig=kDNZRue3jA1dovzOBXvC2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145614430024683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Structural parameters of PEM electrolyzer, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 双极板厚度 | 1.5 |
| 电解槽长度 | 50 |
| 双极板宽度 | 2.0 |
| 流道深度 | 1.0 |
| 流道宽度 | 1.0 |
| 肋宽度 | 1.0 |
| 多孔扩散层厚度 | 0.3 |
| 催化层厚度 | 0.02 |
| 质子交换膜厚度 | 0.127 |
| 矩形流道结构参数 $\left( {a/b}\right)$ | 1.0/1.0 |
| 梯形流道结构参数 $\left( {a/b/h}\right)$ | 0.5/1.5/1.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145614492939245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
PEM 电解槽结构参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 双极板厚度 | 1.5 |
| 电解槽长度 | 50 |
| 双极板宽度 | 2.0 |
| 流道深度 | 1.0 |
| 流道宽度 | 1.0 |
| 肋宽度 | 1.0 |
| 多孔扩散层厚度 | 0.3 |
| 催化层厚度 | 0.02 |
| 质子交换膜厚度 | 0.127 |
| 矩形流道结构参数 $\left( {a/b}\right)$ | 1.0/1.0 |
| 梯形流道结构参数 $\left( {a/b/h}\right)$ | 0.5/1.5/1.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145614581019631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Simulation model parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 阴、阳极比表面积 ${a}_{\mathrm{v},\mathrm{c}},{a}_{\mathrm{v},\mathrm{a}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ | $1 \times {10}^{6},1 \times {10}^{6}$ |
| 阴、阳极反应活化能 ${E}_{\mathrm{{act}},\mathrm{c}},{E}_{\mathrm{{act}},\mathrm{a}}/\mathrm{{kJ}} \cdot {\mathrm{{mol}}}^{-1}$ | 62.84 ,24.26 |
| 阴、阳极交换系数 ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{c}},{\alpha }_{\mathrm{a}}$ | 0.5,0.5 |
| $\mathrm{{CL}},\mathrm{{GDL}}$ 电导率 ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{{CL}}},{\sigma }_{\mathrm{{GDL}}}/\mathrm{S} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 5000,1000 |
| $\mathrm{{CL}},\mathrm{{GDL}}$ 渗透系数 ${K}_{\mathrm{{CL}}},{K}_{\mathrm{{GDL}}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ | $1 \times {10}^{-{13}},1 \times {10}^{-{12}}$ |
| 接触角 $\theta /\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ | 80 |
| 表面张力 $\sigma /\mathrm{N} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 0.0625 |
| CL, GDL 孔隙率 $\varepsilon$ | 0.3,0.6 |
| 电迁移系数 ${n}_{\mathrm{d}}$ | (2.5/22) $\lambda$ |
| 进口水温 ${T}_{0}/\mathrm{K}$ | 353.15 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145614648128497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988803657617809, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
仿真模型参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 数值 |
| 阴、阳极比表面积 ${a}_{\mathrm{v},\mathrm{c}},{a}_{\mathrm{v},\mathrm{a}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ | $1 \times {10}^{6},1 \times {10}^{6}$ |
| 阴、阳极反应活化能 ${E}_{\mathrm{{act}},\mathrm{c}},{E}_{\mathrm{{act}},\mathrm{a}}/\mathrm{{kJ}} \cdot {\mathrm{{mol}}}^{-1}$ | 62.84 ,24.26 |
| 阴、阳极交换系数 ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{c}},{\alpha }_{\mathrm{a}}$ | 0.5,0.5 |
| $\mathrm{{CL}},\mathrm{{GDL}}$ 电导率 ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{{CL}}},{\sigma }_{\mathrm{{GDL}}}/\mathrm{S} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 5000,1000 |
| $\mathrm{{CL}},\mathrm{{GDL}}$ 渗透系数 ${K}_{\mathrm{{CL}}},{K}_{\mathrm{{GDL}}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ | $1 \times {10}^{-{13}},1 \times {10}^{-{12}}$ |
| 接触角 $\theta /\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ | 80 |
| 表面张力 $\sigma /\mathrm{N} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ | 0.0625 |
| CL, GDL 孔隙率 $\varepsilon$ | 0.3,0.6 |
| 电迁移系数 ${n}_{\mathrm{d}}$ | (2.5/22) $\lambda$ |
| 进口水温 ${T}_{0}/\mathrm{K}$ | 353.15 |
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