Article(id=1152988799027110496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719676800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752823551184, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1742400000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752823551184, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752823551184, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752823551184, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152988797865283976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2025', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='285', pageEnd='426', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752823550907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694485968, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641764313260888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641764313260889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988797865283976, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=416, endPage=421, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152988799371043426, articleId=1152988799027110496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=A simple single-phase boost five level inverter, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The development of highfrequency AC distribution systems poses new challenges to the requirements of inverters. Traditional inverters are no longer suitable due to their complex structure, high switching frequency, and lack of boost capability. Based on this, a novel singlephase capacitor self balancing five level inverter topology is proposed. This topology achieves five level output through a series parallel mechanism combining capacitors and power sources, and has the advantage of capacitor self balancing; Improve transmission efficiency by simplifying the structure and reducing switching frequency; Using specific harmonic elimination methods to further reduce output harmonic distortion. This article introduces the working principle of inverters and the calculation method of related parameters, and conducts simulation verification. The results indicate that the theoretical analysis is correct, indicating that the inverter is suitable as a power side device in the highfrequency field.

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高频交流配电系统的发展对逆变器的要求提出了新的挑战。传统的逆变器因其复杂的结构、高开关频率和缺乏升压能力等而显得不再适用。基于此,文章提出了一种新型单相电容自均压的五电平逆变器拓扑。该拓扑通过电容和电源结合的串并联机制,实现五电平输出,并具有电容自均压的优点;通过简化结构和降低开关频率提高传输效率;采用特定的谐波消除方法进一步减少输出的谐波失真。文章介绍了逆变器的工作原理及相关参数的计算方法,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明,理论分析正确,说明该逆变器适用于作为高频领域的电源侧设备。

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左雷鹏(1988-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为变电检修及电气试验。E-mail:

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左雷鹏(1988-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为变电检修及电气试验。E-mail:

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0 1 0 1 0 0 1 $2{V}_{\text{in }}$
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ${V}_{\text{in }}$
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 $- {V}_{\text{in }}$
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 $- 2{V}_{\text{in }}$
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0 1 0 1 0 0 1 $2{V}_{\text{in }}$
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ${V}_{\text{in }}$
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 $- {V}_{\text{in }}$
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 $- 2{V}_{\text{in }}$
), ArticleFig(id=1159145651377656111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988799027110496, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Comparison with the number of devices when 5-level output is achieved by existing inverters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
器件 NPC FC [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] 本文
S 8 8 6 9 6 6 9 7 12 8 10 10 6 8
D 6 0 2 0 2 1 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 0
C 4 10 1 1 2 1 1 2 4 3 4 4 2 1
GS 8 8 6 9 6 6 9 7 12 8 10 10 6 8
G 0.5 0.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 0.5 1 1 2
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器件 NPC FC [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] 本文
S 8 8 6 9 6 6 9 7 12 8 10 10 6 8
D 6 0 2 0 2 1 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 0
C 4 10 1 1 2 1 1 2 4 3 4 4 2 1
GS 8 8 6 9 6 6 9 7 12 8 10 10 6 8
G 0.5 0.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 0.5 1 1 2
), ArticleFig(id=1159145651524456753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988799027110496, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Parameters of simulation circuit, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电路类型 参数 数值
调制电路 三角波尖峰值 ${V}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 3
直流调制波 $1{V}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}$ 0.328
直流调制波 $2{V}_{\mathrm{m}2}$ 0.679
直流调制波 $3{V}_{\mathrm{m}3}$ 1.335
直流调制波 $4{V}_{\mathrm{m}4}/\mathrm{H}$ 2.014
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电路类型 参数 数值
调制电路 三角波尖峰值 ${V}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 3
直流调制波 $1{V}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}$ 0.328
直流调制波 $2{V}_{\mathrm{m}2}$ 0.679
直流调制波 $3{V}_{\mathrm{m}3}$ 1.335
直流调制波 $4{V}_{\mathrm{m}4}/\mathrm{H}$ 2.014
), ArticleFig(id=1159145651641897267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988799027110496, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电路类型 参数 数值
功率电路 输入电压 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 50
电容 $C/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 470
输出频率 ${f}_{0}/\mathrm{{Hz}}$ 5000
输出负载 ${R}_{0}/\Omega$ 10
滤波电感 ${L}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{{mH}}$ ,电容 ${C}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{H}$ 5,5
), ArticleFig(id=1159145651742560564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988799027110496, language=CN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电路类型 参数 数值
功率电路 输入电压 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 50
电容 $C/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 470
输出频率 ${f}_{0}/\mathrm{{Hz}}$ 5000
输出负载 ${R}_{0}/\Omega$ 10
滤波电感 ${L}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{{mH}}$ ,电容 ${C}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{H}$ 5,5
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一种简易单相升压型五电平逆变器
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左雷鹏 1 , 徐斌 1 , 张志超 1, 2 , 张旭鹏 1
可再生能源 | 2025,43(3): 416-421
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可再生能源 | 2025, 43(3): 416-421
一种简易单相升压型五电平逆变器
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左雷鹏1 , 徐斌1, 张志超1, 2, 张旭鹏1
作者信息
  • 1 国网保定供电公司 河北 保定 072150
  • 2 天津大学 天津 300072
  • 左雷鹏(1988-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为变电检修及电气试验。E-mail:

A simple single-phase boost five level inverter
Leipeng Zuo1 , Bin Xu1, Zhichao Zhang1, 2, Xupeng Zhang1
Affiliations
  • 1 State Grid Baoding Electric Power Supply Company Baoding 072150 China
  • 2 Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
出版时间: 2025-03-20
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高频交流配电系统的发展对逆变器的要求提出了新的挑战。传统的逆变器因其复杂的结构、高开关频率和缺乏升压能力等而显得不再适用。基于此,文章提出了一种新型单相电容自均压的五电平逆变器拓扑。该拓扑通过电容和电源结合的串并联机制,实现五电平输出,并具有电容自均压的优点;通过简化结构和降低开关频率提高传输效率;采用特定的谐波消除方法进一步减少输出的谐波失真。文章介绍了逆变器的工作原理及相关参数的计算方法,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明,理论分析正确,说明该逆变器适用于作为高频领域的电源侧设备。

逆变器  /  并网  /  电容均压  /  多电平

The development of highfrequency AC distribution systems poses new challenges to the requirements of inverters. Traditional inverters are no longer suitable due to their complex structure, high switching frequency, and lack of boost capability. Based on this, a novel singlephase capacitor self balancing five level inverter topology is proposed. This topology achieves five level output through a series parallel mechanism combining capacitors and power sources, and has the advantage of capacitor self balancing; Improve transmission efficiency by simplifying the structure and reducing switching frequency; Using specific harmonic elimination methods to further reduce output harmonic distortion. This article introduces the working principle of inverters and the calculation method of related parameters, and conducts simulation verification. The results indicate that the theoretical analysis is correct, indicating that the inverter is suitable as a power side device in the highfrequency field.

inverter  /  grid-connected  /  voltage balance  /  multilevel
左雷鹏, 徐斌, 张志超, 张旭鹏. 一种简易单相升压型五电平逆变器. 可再生能源, 2025 , 43 (3) : 416 -421 .
Leipeng Zuo, Bin Xu, Zhichao Zhang, Xupeng Zhang. A simple single-phase boost five level inverter[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2025 , 43 (3) : 416 -421 .
随着能源危机的不断恶化,探索清新并无害排放的可再生能源逐渐成为研究的焦点 [ 1 , 2 ] 。高频输电系统因其提供的电能既安全又无污染, 故而引起了普遍关注。在此背景下, 电力电子逆变器在能量转换环节占据了至关重要的地位。在电力的转移过程中,多电平逆变器由于其优良的输出信号质量及高能效的表现而被广泛利用。
对此, 基于开关电容 (Switched Capacitor, SC)概念的电路拓扑引起了广泛关注。与电容电压不平衡的 NPC(Neutral Point Clamped) 和需要多个隔离直流电源的 CHB (Cascaded H-Bridge) 相比,基于 $\mathrm{{SC}}$ 的多电平逆变器(Multilevel Inverter, MLI)具有单一电源、自均压能力和无磁性元件等特点。基于 SC 的 MLI 可以分为升压型和非升压型两种。对于非升压型,输入电压需要级联 DC/ DC 变换器实现升压的目的 [ 3 ] 。文献[ 4 ]提出了一种采用 7 个开关管、 2 个二极管和 3 个电容的有源 NPC 逆变器拓扑结构, 但该结构的升压系数限制仅为 0.5 。文献[ 5 ]提出了一种新的五电平容错逆变器,它将 $\mathrm{H}$ 桥与 $\mathrm{{NPC}}$ 的一个桥臂结合起来,但该结构的输出电压峰值比输入电压的幅值略低。
针对上述研究的不足, 有学者提出了具备升压能力的开关电容多电平逆变器。文献[ 6 - 9 ]提出了基于 SC 的多电平升压逆变器结构, 但为了提升电压增益,上述逆变器需要的元件指数增长。在提升升压能力的前提下为减少器件数量, 文献 [ 10 ] 提出了一种五电平升压拓扑结构,使用 9 个开关管来实现两倍的电压增益。文献[ 11 ]提出了另一种五电平逆变器, 采用两个电压与输入电源相等的电容来实现两倍的电压增益。文献[ 12 ]介绍了一种基于五电平的飞跨电容拓扑, 该结构采用了 4 个电容和 10 个开关管, 由于元器件过多, 该类方案在实际中并不能量产。为了提高效率和降低成本, 文献[ 13 ]提出复合型级联双 Buck 飞跨电容五电平逆变器, 该结构由低压高频率元器件构成双 Buck 为基础的飞跨电容逆变电路, 改善了波形,提高了整机效率。同时,为减少钳位器件数量, 文献[ 14 ]提出一种混合钳位四电平逆变器拓扑及其扩展五电平拓扑结构,但随着级联单元的增加, 组件的数量将大大增加。文献[ 15 ]中的拓扑需要电源和电容串联对另一个电容充电, 以获得更高的电压, 电容的损耗将增大, 转换效率降低。为进一步优化结构同时减少半导体器件数量, 文献[ 16 ]将单相 $\mathrm{H}$ 桥拓扑与 $\mathrm{T}$ 型 NPC 拓扑相结合,提出一种 $\mathrm{T}$ 型五电平逆变器拓扑,该拓扑通过由双向开关管构成的 $\mathrm{T}$ 型中点箝位结构来产生 5 种电压水平,采用的开关管数目较少,但拓扑中存在两个箝位开关管, 同时也增加了母线电容的数量,在工业应用中不易大范围推广。
鉴于上述研究的不足, 本文提出一种基于开关电容的单相升压型逆变器拓扑。所提拓扑中仅一个电容由电源直接供电, 因此不存在电压不均衡的问题, 消除了 NPC 逆变器电容电压不平衡的缺点。电容在一个工作周期内只有一个模态放电, 电容充电时间大于放电时间, 故电容有足够的能量给负载供电。同时所提逆变器可以通过较少的元器件实现更高的电压增益,并具备如下特点:① 仅采用 1 个输入电压和 1 个电容, 且电压增益为 2;②自带电容双极性能力和无电容非均压现象; ③导通损耗低,且两个开关管工作在工频状态。
图 1 为本文所提五电平升压逆变器拓扑。该结构仅包含 10 个半导体器件和 1 个输入电压源${V}_{\text{ino }}$其中:${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$为单向导通开关,并由两个反向串联的开关管组成;两个交叉连接的开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$须要承受$2{V}_{\text{in }}$的电压,其他 8 个开关的电压等级等于输入电压。该拓扑结构提供两倍的升压系数。 与许多使用$\mathrm{H}$桥生成电压极性的结构不同,所提拓扑可生成正、负电压,且无需额外级联外部设备。SC 单元的电压自动平衡为${V}_{\text{in }}$的电压幅值,不需要任何传感器,因此降低了成本。
表 1 为本文所提五电平拓扑的输出电压所需的开关组合。表 1 中: 1 和 0 分别表示开关的开启和关闭状态;${V}_{\mathrm{o}}$为输出电压;${V}_{\mathrm{C}}$为电容$\mathrm{C}$的电压; 上、下箭头分别表示电容处于充、放电状态。此外, 为了便于分析, 将所提逆变器分为 6 个工作模态, 由于对称的拓扑结构, 本节仅分析了正半周期的工作模态。图 2 为所提逆变器的工作波形和开关管驱动波形。
模态$1\left( {+2{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right)$: 开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{2},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{5},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{8}$处于导通状态,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{3},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{4},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{6},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{7}$处于关断状态,如表 1 所示。此时,输入电源和电容$\mathrm{C}$串联后为负载供电,如图 3(a) 所示。
模态$2\left( {+{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right)$: 开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{3},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{4},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{5},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{8}$处于导通状态,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{2},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{6},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{7}$处于关断状态,如表 1 所示。此时,输入电源同时为电容$\mathrm{C}$和负载供电,如图 3(b)所示。
模态 3 (0): 开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{3},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{4},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{6},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{8}$处于导通状态,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{2},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{5},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{8}$处于关断状态,如表 1 所示。此时,输入电源为电容$\mathrm{C}$充电,负载处于续流状态,如图 3(c) 所示。
值得注意的是, 每个模态均可为负载提供双向电流, 因此所提拓扑可有效为负载提供无功补偿。
计算电容的主要目的在于确定恰当的电容值, 以确保电容器上的电压波动维持在可接受的限度之内, 从而使逆变器所输出的阶梯式波形的电压级别能在允许的波动区间内进行调整。为简化分析, 假设逆变器输出电流为
${i}_{\mathrm{o}} = {I}_{\mathrm{m}}\sin \left( {{\omega t} + \varphi }\right)$
式中: ${I}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 为输出电流幅值; $\omega$ 为角频率; $\varphi$ 为负载阻抗角。
此外, 要计算电容值须要求得电容最大放电电荷, 而放电最大电荷量由电流和一个输出电压周期内最长放电时间共同决定。从模态 1 分析可知,当电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 的最长放电时间为 $+ 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 时处于放电状态, 因此仅一个电平的持续时间就是电容的最大放电时间。同理,电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 在负半周期情况相同。 由于在 PWM 调制下电容频繁充、放电,因此很难引入最大放电时间这一概念,对此引入占空比 $D$ 。 此时,电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 处于放电状态,且流过的电流为输出电流,即 ${i}_{\mathrm{C}} = {i}_{\mathrm{o}}$
因此可知电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 的放电量为
$\Delta {Q}_{\mathrm{C} - 1} = {\int }_{\theta }^{\pi - \theta }\frac{{i}_{\mathrm{C}}}{{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}} = \mathrm{d}{\omega t} = \frac{1}{{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}}{\int }_{\theta }^{\pi - \theta }{I}_{\mathrm{m}}\sin \left( {{\omega t} + \varphi }\right) \mathrm{d}{\omega t}(2$
式中: ${\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}$ 为调制波角频率; $\theta = \arcsin \left( {2{A}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}/{A}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}}\right) ;{A}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}$ 为载波幅值; ${A}_{\text{ref }}$ 为调制波幅值。
利用占空比 $D$ 表示电平持续时间, ${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 为开关周期,根据伏秒平衡原理可知:
${2D}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}{A}_{\mathrm{{cr}}} + \left( {1 - D}\right) {T}_{\mathrm{s}}{A}_{\mathrm{{cr}}} = {A}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}\sin \left( {\omega t}\right)$
$D = \frac{{A}_{\text{ref }}\sin \left( {\omega t}\right) }{{A}_{\text{cr }}} - 1$
同时, 模态 2 电容电平保持不变, 流经电容 C 的电流为
${i}_{\mathrm{C}} = D{I}_{\mathrm{m}}\sin \left( {{\omega t} + \varphi }\right) = \left\lbrack {\frac{{A}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}{I}_{\mathrm{m}}\sin \left( {\omega t}\right) }{{A}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}} - {I}_{\mathrm{m}}}\right\rbrack \sin \left( {{\omega t} + \varphi }\right)$
根据式 (5) 可知,电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 的放电量为
$\Delta {Q}_{\mathrm{C} - 2} = \frac{1}{{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}}{\int }_{{\theta }_{1}}^{\theta }\left\lbrack {D{I}_{\mathrm{m}}\sin \left( {{\omega t} + \varphi }\right) }\right\rbrack \mathrm{d}{\omega t}$
${\theta }_{1} = \arcsin \left( \frac{{A}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}}{{A}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}}\right)$
假设最大运行电流纹波为稳态电容的 5%, 则开关电容的最优电容值可表示为
$C \geq \frac{\Delta {Q}_{\mathrm{C} - 1} + \Delta {Q}_{\mathrm{C} - 2}}{5{V}_{\mathrm{m}}}$
联立式 (2), (6) 和 (8) 可知, 最大电容与输出频率、电压纹波成反比。因此,当允许的电容电压纹波增大时, 在恒定负载电阻下所需的电容值可适当减小。
为了突出本文所提逆变器的优势, 表 2 示出了与其相似工作的参数对比。从表 2 中可以看出: 传统的 NPC 和 FC 拓扑中无源元件和开关的数量繁多,但电压增益较低; 文献[6,8,9]中的拓扑需要 6 个开关;文献[ 9 ]中的拓扑需要高电压开关的 H 桥;文献[ 8 ]中的拓扑需要 2 个电容;文献[10-12] 中的拓扑需要更多的功率半导体元件和电容来实现五电平输出; 文献[ 12 ]中的拓扑需要 4 个电容来实现五电平输出。相比之下,本文所提拓扑所需的功率半导体器件数量少于文献[7, 10-13]中的拓扑。此外,所提拓扑仅需要 1 个开关电容单元来实现五电平输出, 而文献[8, 11-15]中的拓扑则需要多个电容。相较于上述工作, 从半导体器件上看,文献[ 16 ]更具优势,因此导通损耗更低。但是拓扑中存在 2 个箝位开关管, 增加了母线电容数量;同时该结构没有无功馈网的能力。综上,本文所提五电平基本单元优于表 2 中列出的类似结构。
本文所提逆变器的 PR 控制策略如图 4 所示。其中, ${G}_{\mathrm{{PR}}}\left( s\right) ,{K}_{\mathrm{s}},{G}_{\mathrm{{LC}}}\left( s\right)$ 分别为 $\mathrm{{PR}}$ 控制器传递函数、逆变器传递函数和 LC 滤波器传递函数。首先通过采样电路将电压采样结果与参考值作差, 然后将误差值送至 $\mathrm{{PR}}$ 调节器并产生调制波,最后通过将调制波与载波比较生成 PWM 波驱动开关管。
本文所提逆变器 $\mathrm{{PR}}$ 闭环仿真参数: 负载 $R =$ ${10\Omega }$ ,滤波电感和电容分别为 ${5\mu }\mathrm{H}$${5\mu }\mathrm{F}$ ,开关频率 ${f}_{\mathrm{s}} = {5000}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 。由图 4 可知,系统的开环传递函数可以表示为
${G}_{\mathrm{o}}\left( s\right) = \frac{{K}_{\mathrm{{PWM}}}H\left( s\right) }{{LC}{s}^{2} + \frac{L}{R}s + 1}$
为验证所提电容自平衡多电平高频逆变器设计的实用性及理论的正确性, 本文利用 PSIM 软件进行了系列仿真实验。依据前文的参数讨论, 构建了仿真电路的参数设置, 结果如表 3 所示。
当逆变器配置为阻感性负载,且调制度为 0.9 的情况下,所提逆变器的开关器件脉冲波形、电压、电流输出波形如图 5 所示。由图 5 可以看出, 逆变器输出电压波形为五电平, 且最大输出电压约为 ${100}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,即为输入电源电压的 2 倍。每个电平的电压差约为 ${50}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,与理论分析相一致。此外,输出的电流显示为一条平顺而稳定的正弦曲线, 并展现出与输出电压的相位偏移, 这表明该逆变器设计具备驱动含有感性负载的能力。
电容电压纹波波形如图 6 所示。由图 6 可以看出,电容器 $\mathrm{C}$ 的电压在 ${100}\mathrm{\;V}$ 附近小范围波动,纹波大小约为 $3{\mathrm{\;V}}_{0}$ 可见电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 工作在稳定状态, 证明了理论计算的正确性。
$t/1\mathrm{\;s} \cdot {\mathrm{格}}^{-1}$
图 7 为进网电路超前 ${30}^{ \circ }$ 的仿真波形, THD 为 1.32%。图 7 验证了该逆变器具有无功支撑能力,符合 IEEE 并网标准中对功率因数 $\left( {{0.9} \sim {0.97}}\right)$ 的运行要求 [ 17 ]
图 8 为输出电压和输出电流的谐波频谱。由图 8 可以看出:输出电压的 THD 失真为 23.41%, 谐波主要集中在载波频率及其倍频附近, 低次谐波含量较少;输出电流包含少量低次谐波, 但其 THD 仅为 0.81%,接近于标准正弦波。
逆变器效率受多种损耗因素影响, 包括开关动作损耗、导电时的损耗以及电容充/放电过程中的能量损失。对此,本文测试考察了上述损耗造成的原因, 并在根据实物的情况下将寄生参数添加至仿真中, 得到逆变器性能与其输出功率之间的关系, 如图 9 所示。图 9 表明, 逆变器的工作效率在输出功率超出 ${100}\mathrm{\;W}$ 的情况下能够保持在 97.3%以上,并且在输出接近 ${300}\mathrm{\;W}$ 时,其效率达到了峰值 98.5%。随着输出功率的进一步提高,逆变器的效率呈现轻微下降趋势。上述效率测试表明,本文所提逆变器在效率方面表现优异。
本文详细阐述了所提单相升压型多电平逆变器的运行原理和设计考虑, 并通过仿真分析验证了其性能。其结果不仅证明了逆变器设计的有效性, 而且还表明该逆变器特别适用于电源侧的场合,尤其是在需要高效率和低谐波失真的电力电子系统中。同时,少量的器件减少了逆变器的导通损耗, 使得逆变器的整体效率得到提高, 并为电力电子领域提供了一个高效、经济且性能优越的新型逆变器方案。
  • 国网河北省电力公司科技项目(5204BD230005)
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-30
  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-30
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国网河北省电力公司科技项目(5204BD230005)
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    1 国网保定供电公司 河北 保定 072150
    2 天津大学 天津 300072
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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