Article(id=1152988713853379366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988708019098237, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696867200000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752823530877, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1745078400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752823530877, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752823530877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752823530877, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152988708019098237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2025', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='427', pageEnd='568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752823529485, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694474720, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641717148312407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988708019098237, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641717148312408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152988708019098237, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=433, endPage=439, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152988714281198376, articleId=1152988713853379366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Effect of mass concentration of organic substance on denitrifying phosphorus removal and electrogenesis system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To achieve efficient advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater while simultaneously recovering energy, denitrifying phosphorus removal and electrogenesis (DPRE) system was constructed to research the influence of mass concentration of organic substance on nitrogen and phosphorus removal and electricitygenerating performance using synthetic domestic wastewater. The results showed that the influent mass concentration of organic substance had a minor effect on COD removal but significantly influenced nitrogen and phosphorus removal and power generation. When the influent COD concentration was 200~300 mg/L, the DPRE system achieved optimal pollutant removal, with the removal rates of COD, NH4+N and PO43P reaching 86.07% ~86.22%, 83.94%~85.10% and 80.29%~83.38%, respectively. When the influent COD concentration was 300~400 mg/L, the system exhibited the best electricitygenerating performance, with an average power density of 36.49~39.47 mW/m². When the influent COD concentration was 300 mg/L, the DPRE system could simultaneously obtain highefficiency removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and electricity generation.

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为了实现污水的高效深度脱氮、除磷,同时进行能源回收,文章构建了反硝化除磷产电(DPRE)系统,以模拟的生活污水为研究对象,研究了有机物质量浓度对 DPRE 系统脱氮除磷和产电性能的影响。结果表明:进水有机物质量浓度对COD去除效果影响较小,对氮、磷去除及产电效果影响较大;当进水的COD质量浓度为200~300 mg/L时,DPRE系统的碳、氮、磷去除效果最好,COD,NH₄⁺−N,PO₄³¯−P 的去除率分别为86.07%~86.22%,83.94%~85.10%和80.29%~83.38%;当进水的COD质量浓度为300~400 mg/L时,系统产电的性能最好,平均功率密度可达 36.49~39.47 mW/m²;当进水的 COD 质量浓度为300 mg/L时,DPRE 系统同时获得高效的脱氮、除磷和产电性能。

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张立成(1972-),男,博士,教授,主要从事污水深度处理与再生利用研究。E-mail:

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张立成(1972-),男,博士,教授,主要从事污水深度处理与再生利用研究。E-mail:

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张立成(1972-),男,博士,教授,主要从事污水深度处理与再生利用研究。E-mail:

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反应池 尺寸/mm×mm×mm 总容积/L 有效容积/L
阳极厌氧池 ${200} \times {200} \times {300}$ 12.0 10.0
初沉池 150×200×500 15.0 12.9
好氧池 ${200} \times {200} \times {500}$ 20.0 16.4
阴极二沉池 ${150} \times {200} \times {500}$ 15.0 11.7
缺氧池 ${200} \times {200} \times {500}$ 20.0 14.8
终沉池 ${200} \times {200} \times {500}$ 20.0 14.0
), ArticleFig(id=1159145875668054115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988713853379366, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=各反应池的尺寸和有效容积, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应池 尺寸/mm×mm×mm 总容积/L 有效容积/L
阳极厌氧池 ${200} \times {200} \times {300}$ 12.0 10.0
初沉池 150×200×500 15.0 12.9
好氧池 ${200} \times {200} \times {500}$ 20.0 16.4
阴极二沉池 ${150} \times {200} \times {500}$ 15.0 11.7
缺氧池 ${200} \times {200} \times {500}$ 20.0 14.8
终沉池 ${200} \times {200} \times {500}$ 20.0 14.0
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有机物质量浓度对反硝化除磷产电系统的影响研究
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张立成 , 张亮
可再生能源 | 2025,43(4): 433-439
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可再生能源 | 2025, 43(4): 433-439
有机物质量浓度对反硝化除磷产电系统的影响研究
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张立成 , 张亮
作者信息
  • 1 沈阳建筑大学 市政与环境工程学院 辽宁 沈阳 110168
  • 张立成(1972-),男,博士,教授,主要从事污水深度处理与再生利用研究。E-mail:

Effect of mass concentration of organic substance on denitrifying phosphorus removal and electrogenesis system
Licheng Zhang , Liang Zhang
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu University Shenyang 110168 China
出版时间: 2025-04-20
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为了实现污水的高效深度脱氮、除磷,同时进行能源回收,文章构建了反硝化除磷产电(DPRE)系统,以模拟的生活污水为研究对象,研究了有机物质量浓度对 DPRE 系统脱氮除磷和产电性能的影响。结果表明:进水有机物质量浓度对COD去除效果影响较小,对氮、磷去除及产电效果影响较大;当进水的COD质量浓度为200~300 mg/L时,DPRE系统的碳、氮、磷去除效果最好,COD,NH₄⁺−N,PO₄³¯−P 的去除率分别为86.07%~86.22%,83.94%~85.10%和80.29%~83.38%;当进水的COD质量浓度为300~400 mg/L时,系统产电的性能最好,平均功率密度可达 36.49~39.47 mW/m²;当进水的 COD 质量浓度为300 mg/L时,DPRE 系统同时获得高效的脱氮、除磷和产电性能。

反硝化除磷产电系统  /  有机物质量浓度  /  功率密度

To achieve efficient advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater while simultaneously recovering energy, denitrifying phosphorus removal and electrogenesis (DPRE) system was constructed to research the influence of mass concentration of organic substance on nitrogen and phosphorus removal and electricitygenerating performance using synthetic domestic wastewater. The results showed that the influent mass concentration of organic substance had a minor effect on COD removal but significantly influenced nitrogen and phosphorus removal and power generation. When the influent COD concentration was 200~300 mg/L, the DPRE system achieved optimal pollutant removal, with the removal rates of COD, NH4+N and PO43P reaching 86.07% ~86.22%, 83.94%~85.10% and 80.29%~83.38%, respectively. When the influent COD concentration was 300~400 mg/L, the system exhibited the best electricitygenerating performance, with an average power density of 36.49~39.47 mW/m². When the influent COD concentration was 300 mg/L, the DPRE system could simultaneously obtain highefficiency removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and electricity generation.

denitrifying phosphorus removal and electrogenesis system  /  mass concentration of organic substance  /  power density
张立成, 张亮. 有机物质量浓度对反硝化除磷产电系统的影响研究. 可再生能源, 2025 , 43 (4) : 433 -439 .
Licheng Zhang, Liang Zhang. Effect of mass concentration of organic substance on denitrifying phosphorus removal and electrogenesis system[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2025 , 43 (4) : 433 -439 .
随着污水中氮、磷的排放标准日趋严格,如何保证氮、磷达标排放成为污水处理厂运行管理中的难题。目前,活性污泥法是污水处理厂应用最广泛的污水处理技术, 但活性污泥法普遍存在反硝化菌与聚磷菌竞争碳源 [ 1 ] 、硝化反应产物抑制厌氧释磷等问题 [ 2 , 3 ] ,并且在处理过程中还面临着巨大的能源消耗。近年来,随着水处理工艺的发展, 微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cell, MFC)技术和反硝化除磷技术应运而生。MFC 技术可以分解污水中的污染物,同时进行生物发电,实现污水中能源的回收 [ 4 - 6 ] 。与传统水处理工艺相比,采用双污泥反硝化除磷工艺进行脱氮、除磷时,碳源消耗量、氧气需求量和污泥产量可分别降低 50%, 30% 和 ${50}^{\prime }$ [ 7 ] ,弥补了传统工艺的不足。
本文将双污泥反硝化除磷中的厌氧池和二沉池分别作为双室 MFC 的阳极室和阴极室, 构建反硝化除磷产电(Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal and Electrogenesis, DPRE)系统, 一方面充分发挥阳极厌氧池“一碳两用”的特点,减少厌氧段超越至缺氧段的碳源;另一方面以二沉池为阴极室,提高系统脱氮效率, 并产生电能, 形成独具优势的耦合工艺 [ 8 ] 。在 DPRE 系统中,进水有机物质量浓度 [以化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD)表征,记为 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ ]是影响反硝化除磷和产电过程的关键因素。若 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 过高,没有被吸收利用的有机物会进入缺氧段对缺氧吸磷产生抑制作用, 溶液也易于酸化,会逐渐抑制产电微生物的活性, 使电池内阻增大; 若 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 较低,会导致反硝化聚磷菌体内合成的聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydrox-yalkanoates, PHA) 不足, 不能为缺氧段吸磷贮存足够的能量 [ 9 , 10 ] 。为此,本文重点研究了进水 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 对 DPRE 系统脱氮、除磷和产电效果的影响, 从而为实现 DPRE 系统的高效稳定运行提供理论依据。
DPRE 系统流程如图 1 所示。DPRE 系统主要由厌氧池、初沉池、好氧池、二沉池、缺氧池、终沉池等组成。依靠重力实现装置内部水流的流动, 用软管连接厌氧池和终沉池、好氧池和二沉池、缺氧池和初沉池底部的阀门, 并由蠕动泵调节超越污泥、硝化污泥回流和终沉池污泥回流。厌氧池和缺氧池内分别安装机械搅拌器,使泥水混合均匀;好氧池通过曝气泵连接的粘砂块微孔曝气头进行底部曝气;将厌氧池和二沉池作为 MFC 的阳极室和阴极室,厌氧池和二沉池之间用质子交换膜隔开, 选用碳毡作为电极材料, 电极两端通过导线连接可变电阻箱,形成完整闭合电路。
DPRE 装置各反应池均由有机玻璃制作而成,底部设置铁架进行固定支撑。装置整体形状呈立方体,长、宽、高分别约为${550},{400},{500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$。反应池进、出水口均通过直径为${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$的有机玻璃管连通,进出、水口之上设置一段超高。反应池底部均设计成倒锥体形状, 以加快沉淀池内的污泥沉降、回流。各反应池的尺寸和容积如表 1 所示。
试验采用人工配置生活污水, 主要药品及其投加量如下:NaAc(以 COD 计)为 93.74 ~ 410.81$\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L},{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}\mathrm{{Cl}}$(以${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}$计)为${37.38} \sim {41.73}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$,${\mathrm{{KH}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}$(以${\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}$计)为${8.28} \sim {11.26}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L},{\mathrm{{CaCl}}}_{2}$${0.03}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L},{\mathrm{{MgCl}}}_{2}$${0.025}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$,微量元素液 0.1$\mathrm{{mL}}/\mathrm{L}$。其中$\mathrm{{NaAc}},{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}\mathrm{{Cl}}$${\mathrm{{KH}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}$分别作为碳源、氮源和磷源。微量元素液的主要成分为 1.30$\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3} \cdot 6{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O},{0.13}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$${\mathrm{{MnCl}}}_{2} \cdot 4{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O},{0.15}$$\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$${\mathrm{{CoCl}}}_{2} \cdot 6{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O},{10.00}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$$\mathrm{{EDTA}},{0.15}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$${\mathrm{H}}_{3}{\mathrm{{BO}}}_{3},{0.02}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$${\mathrm{{CuSO}}}_{4} \cdot 5{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O},{0.13}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$${\mathrm{{ZnSO}}}_{4}$-$7{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$
试验污泥取自抚顺市三宝屯污水处理厂,试验装置全天不间断进水,进水流量控制在${60}\mathrm{\;L}/\mathrm{d}$, 温度控制在${25}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$左右,$\mathrm{{pH}}$值控制在${7.0} \sim {8.0}$,外接电阻箱电阻为${900\Omega }$,质子交换膜为$\mathrm{{JCM}} - 2$型质子交换膜,有效面积为${0.01}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}$。厌氧池的溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen, DO)质量浓度小于${0.2}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$, 好氧池的 DO 质量浓度为${2.0} \sim {2.5}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$,缺氧池的 DO 质量浓度小于${0.5}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$,厌氧池和缺氧池的混合液悬浮固体(Mixed Liquid Suspended Solids, MLSS)质量浓度均控制在${3000}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$左右,好氧池的 MLSS 质量浓度控制在${4500}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$左右。调节蠕动泵控制超越污泥超越比、硝化污泥回流比和终沉池污泥回流比分别为0.5,1.0和0.5。向进水水箱投加不同量的有机碳源, 控制进水的 COD 质量浓度分别为${100},{200},{300},{400}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$,测定反应过程中各反应池内$\mathrm{{COD}},{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N},{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}$,${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$质量浓度的变化以及产电效果。
COD,${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N},{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P},{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{2}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N},{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{3}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$质量浓度的测定方法分别为快速密闭催化消解法、纳氏试剂分光光度法、钼锑抗分光光度法、N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺分光光度法和紫外分光光度法; 电压和电流采用 UT-71D 型数字万用表进行测定。
污水进入厌氧池后,反硝化除磷产电菌会将绝大部分有机物转换为内碳源, 并降解部分有机物产生质子和电子。不同进水有机物质量浓度下, DPRE 系统对 COD 的去除效果如图 2 所示。
图 2 可以看出,在 4 种进水$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$下, DPRE 系统出水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$分别为18.51,28.04,40.27,${59.51}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$,对应的平均去除率分别为 82.08%,${86.07}\% ,{86.22}\% ,{85.21}\%$。由此可见,在不同进水负荷下, COD 的去除率并未受到明显影响。随着进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$${100}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$上升至${400}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$,厌氧池的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$也由${41.61}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$上升到${101.94}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$,说明在进水$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$升高过程中,反硝化除磷产电菌吸收利用有机物的能力逐渐达到饱和,致使阳极厌氧池中的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$随之升高。厌氧池出水剩余的部分有机物进入好氧池后进一步被异养微生物吸收利用,但其去除效果远低于厌氧阶段;另一部分有机物随超越污泥进入缺氧池, 导致缺氧池内的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$略高于好氧池,被超越污泥吸附的有机物越多,系统出水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$也越高。当进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$${300}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$时,既保证了厌氧段有足够的有机物可以吸收利用, 也避免了过多有机物进入缺氧段,此时 COD 平均去除率达到最高。
DPRE 系统进水的 ${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}$ 质量浓度 $\lbrack \rho$ $\left( {{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$ 平均值为 ${39.95}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,由于回流污泥混合液的稀释作用,厌氧池内的 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$ 略有下降。不同进水有机物质量浓度下, DPRE 系统对 ${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}$ 的去除效果如图 3 所示。
图 3 可以看出,在 4 种进水 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 下,出水的 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$ 分别为 ${6.47},{6.03},{6.54},{9.65}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ , 对应的去除率分别为 ${83.76}\% ,{85.10}\% ,{83.94}\%$ , 75.65%。当进水 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$${100}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 增至 ${300}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时,对好氧池内硝化效果影响较小,各阶段出水的平均 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$ 分别为 ${1.62},{1.77},{1.86}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ ; 当进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$${400}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时,好氧池内硝化效果受到明显影响, ${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}$ 去除率大幅下降。这是因为,当进水中 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 过高时,会导致大量残存的有机物进入好氧池, 使异养微生物在与硝化菌竞争溶解氧的过程中占优势, 从而使硝化过程受到抑制,导致好氧池和出水的 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$ 升高。
厌氧池 ─── 开氧池──二沉池 45 缺氧池 $- ☆ -$ 出水 $- * -$ 去除率 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}}\right) /\mathrm{{mg}} \cdot {\mathrm{L}}^{-1}$ 40 35 30 10 5 20 21 22 24 时间/d –>
${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$主要包括${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{3}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{2}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$, DPRE 系统中${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{2}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$质量浓度很低,在二沉池内,主要以${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{3}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$为电子受体接收来自阳极厌氧池的质子和电子,反硝化除磷产电菌也主要利用${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{3}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$作为电子受体来完成同步脱氮除磷。不同进水有机物质量浓度下, DPRE 系统对${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$的去除效果如图 4 所示。
图 4 可以看出:当进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$为 100$\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$时,进水中的碳源相对较少,厌氧池提供的电子不足,使二沉池出水的${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$质量浓度$\lbrack \rho$$\left( {{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$]偏高,厌氧阶段微生物可吸收的碳源也相对匮乏,缺氧段所能分解的 PHA 越少,还原的${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$也越少,导致缺氧池内${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$的积累,使缺氧反硝化率偏低,系统出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$高达为${5.66}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$。随着进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$升至200,300$\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$,二沉池内产电过程和缺氧池反硝化脱氮过程对${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$的利用率有所增加,使得系统出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$分别降至${3.76},{4.01}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$,在这两种进水$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$下,系统避免了高$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$对硝化过程和反硝化过程的不利影响。当进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$${400}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$时,好氧池内的硝化过程受到抑制,$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$明显下降,缺氧池内的${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$在反硝化除磷和外源反硝化的作用下被大量去除, 使得系统出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$${3.01}\mathrm{{mg}}/{\mathrm{L}}_{ \circ }$
不同进水有机物质量浓度下, DPRE 系统对 ${\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - }\mathrm{ - P}$ 的去除效果如图 5 所示。
图 5 可以看出,在 4 种进水 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 下, DPRE 系统出水的 ${\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}$ 质量浓度 $\left\lbrack {\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}}\right) }\right\rbrack$ 分别为 ${3.03},{1.67},{1.96},{2.90}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,对应的平均去除率分别为 ${67.78}\% ,{83.38}\% ,{80.29}\% ,{68.62}\%$ 。当进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$${100}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时, ${\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}$ 的去除效果较差,出水的 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}}\right)$${3.03}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,这是因为, 进水有机物在厌氧段会被反硝化除磷菌吸收利用, 生成细胞内部储存物 PHA, PHA 能够为缺氧阶段的反硝化除磷过程提供能量, 但当进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 较低时,反硝化除磷菌吸收利用的有机物以及合成的 PHA 有限, 导致缺氧阶段的反硝化除磷受到抑制,最终表现为 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$${\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}$ 去除率均较低。随着进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 提升至200,300 $\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,出水的 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}}\right)$ 分别降至 ${1.67},{1.96}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ , 此时系统出水的 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}}\right)$ 仍高于标准规定,而缺氧池内仍有 ${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$ 剩余,说明并不是电子受体不足造成的, 分析认为, 除磷效果不理想的原因可能是进水的 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}}\right)$ 偏高、缺氧池内污泥质量浓度偏低, 导致缺氧阶段的反硝化除磷受限, 也可能是缺氧池水力停留时间过短导致反应不完全。当进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 提升至 ${400}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时,系统除磷效率又有所下降,出水的 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}}\right)$ 升至 2.90 $\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,这可能是由于进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 过高,导致未经吸收利用由初沉池超越至缺氧池的有机物增多。有研究表明,当缺氧池中的外 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 过高时,反硝化菌会优先利用外碳源进行反硝化,使缺氧池内的电子受体不足,从而抑制了吸磷作用。从图 5 还可以看出,当进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 为 200,300 $\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时,出水的 $\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}}\right)$ 均较低,但在 DPRE 系统中,进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 的增加会使厌氧池内释磷量随之增加,当进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 超过 ${300}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 后, 继续增加进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ ,厌氧释磷量增长也并不明显,说明当进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$${300}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时,除磷效果最佳。
不同进水有机物质量浓度下, DPRE 系统的产电性能如图 6 所示。
图 6 可以看出,在 4 种进水$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$下, DPRE 系统的平均开路电压分别为0.45,0.52,${0.57},{0.59}\mathrm{\;V}$,平均电流分别为0.50,0.58,0.63,${0.66}\mathrm{\;{mA}}$,平均功率密度分别为22.82,30.28,${36.49},{39.47}\mathrm{\;{mW}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$。随着进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$逐渐升高,平均开路电压和功率密度均逐渐升高。这是因为$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$的提升使产电微生物所能吸收利用的营养物质增多,产电微生物生长代谢的活性增强; 进水$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$的提升导致阳极厌氧池中离子浓度增加, 进一步提高了阳极室向阴极室传导电子的效率。进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$超过${300}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$后,营养物质的利用达到饱和,继续增加进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$,对产电效果不会有较大的提升,而且过高质量浓度的有机碳源进入系统后,会导致二沉池的${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{3}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$质量浓度降低, 这也在一定程度上限制了产电效果。因此,将进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$控制在${300}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$时, DPRE 系统可以获得良好的产电性能。
不同进水有机物质量浓度下, DPRE 系统的出水水质及电压变化如图 7 所示。
DPRE 系统中阳极厌氧池吸收利用有机物的能力直接影响 COD 的去除效果, 随着进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$增加,系统处理$\mathrm{{COD}}$的能力逐渐饱和,使得出水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$逐渐上升。出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$受高质量浓度碳源的影响较大,当进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$过高时, 会削弱好氧池内自养硝化菌的硝化作用, 导致出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{}^{ + } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$升高。进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$对出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$的影响主要体现在两方面: ①当进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$较低时,会使厌氧阶段反硝化除磷产电菌合成的 PHA 不足、催化降解产生的质子和电子较少, 反硝化除磷产电过程的电子受体消耗量减少,导致出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$升高;②当进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$较高时,缺氧池的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$随之升高, 反硝化除磷产电菌会优先利用外碳源进行反硝化,使出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$降低。进水的$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$对出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{PO}}}_{4}{}^{3 - } - \mathrm{P}}\right)$的影响与对出水的$\rho \left( {{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{x}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}}\right)$的影响相似, 主要通过 PHA 的合成以及外碳源反硝化影响厌氧释磷和缺氧吸磷两个过程。DPRE 系统的产电电压与阳极室内催化降解有机物产生电子的速率以及阴极室内${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{3}{}^{ - } - \mathrm{N}$的质量浓度有关,随着进水$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$的增加,产电电压的增幅逐渐减小,可见$\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$对产电效果的影响逐渐减弱。
①当进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$${100} \sim {400}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时,对 $\mathrm{{COD}}$ 的去除影响甚微,但是对氮磷的去除效果影响较大。
②随着进水 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$ 的升高, DPRE 系统的开路电压和功率密度均随之提高。
③ 当进水的 $\rho \left( \mathrm{{COD}}\right)$${300}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时, DPRE 系统可以获得良好的碳、氮、磷去除性能和稳定的产电效果。
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  • 接收时间:2023-10-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
  • 出版时间:2025-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-10
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辽宁省教育厅项目(LJZ2016017)
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    1 沈阳建筑大学 市政与环境工程学院 辽宁 沈阳 110168
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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