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The impacts of multivalent ions and organic substances on the energy generation efficiency of Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) devices were investigated in terms of uphill transport and membrane fouling. The results showed that the maximum power density was obtained when the 0.5 mol/L NaCl solutions was used as the feeding solution of the RED device. However, the power densities decreased by 72.45%, 68.82%, and 72.14%, respectively, as the feeding solutions were switched to 0.5 mol/L multivalent salt (MgCl2, CaCl2 and Na2SO4) solutions. By adding organic foulantssodium alginate (SA) into the multivalent salt solutions, the power density was enhanced with the increase of SA concentrations and reached a maximum level with addition of 30 mg/L SA, and then was gradually decreased when SA concentration was further raised. The NaCl solutions exerted minor influences on the adsorption of SA molecules onto cationexchange membranes. In contrast, the mixture of NaCl and MgCl2 obviously exacerbated the adhesion between SA molecules and cationexchange membranes
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文章从逆坡运输和膜污染两个方面对多价离子以及有机物对反电渗析(RED)装置产电效能的影响进行了研究。结果表明:当进料液为0.5 mol/L 的纯 NaCl溶液时,RED装置的功率密度最大;当进料液由 0.5 mol/L 的纯 NaCl溶液变为0.5 mol/L的纯多价盐(MgCl2, CaCl2, Na2SO4)溶液时,RED装置的功率密度分别下降72.45%,68.82%,72.14%;当多价盐有机污染物海藻酸钠(SA)共存时,随着SA含量的增加,RED装置的功率密度先升高后逐渐降低,并在SA含量为30 mg/L时有最大值;纯 NaCl溶液对 SA 吸附于阴离子交换膜的影响最小,NaCl溶液与 MgCl2 的混合溶液对 SA 吸附于阴离子交换膜的影响最大。
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2020., articleTitle=二价离子对离子交换膜及反向电渗析电化学特性的影响机理研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1159145726841573885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, awardId=5180825, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(5180825), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1159145726921265662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, awardId=51979064, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(51979064), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145723867812286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145723876200895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, companyId=1159145723867812286, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145723880395200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, companyId=1159145723867812286, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 济南大学 土木建筑学院 山东 济南 250022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1159145723947504065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145723951698370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, companyId=1159145723947504065, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 School of Civil Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145723960086979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, companyId=1159145723947504065, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 南阳师范学院 土木建筑工程学院 河南 南阳 473061)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1159145725956575727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
The power density of the RED device under different concentrations of multivalent salt solutions, figureFileSmall=4NoX3VfTWe/UKYEB2A3nQg==, figureFileBig=6j2bVcodeZq0ya9xZ9CFfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145726015295984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=
不同浓度多价盐进料溶液下的 RED 装置功率密度, figureFileSmall=4NoX3VfTWe/UKYEB2A3nQg==, figureFileBig=6j2bVcodeZq0ya9xZ9CFfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145726061433329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Uphill transport phenomena in the RED device, figureFileSmall=/4yRA7WqOgds3giAnrZvSQ==, figureFileBig=UhoO0IDzyk3LxGe3TcVfVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145726115959282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
RED 装置逆坡运输现象, figureFileSmall=/4yRA7WqOgds3giAnrZvSQ==, figureFileBig=UhoO0IDzyk3LxGe3TcVfVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145726178873843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
The effects of the interaction between multivalent ions and SA molecules on the power density of the RED device, figureFileSmall=BdA+/iLe8wegHzWP1V4oHg==, figureFileBig=d5eM6Kor0xP250q9O2FabQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145726229205492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
不同多价盐溶液与 $\mathrm{{SA}}$ 溶液交互作用对 RED 装置功率密度的影响, figureFileSmall=BdA+/iLe8wegHzWP1V4oHg==, figureFileBig=d5eM6Kor0xP250q9O2FabQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145726279537141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
The specific compositions of multivalent salt solutions fed into in the RED device, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 多价盐种类 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| ${\mathrm{{MgCl}}}_{2}$ | 0.5 mol/L NaCl | 0.409 mol/L NaCl+ ${0.091}\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{MgCl}}}_{2}$ | ${0.3}\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{NaCl}} +$ 0.066 7 mol/L MgCl ${}_{2}$ | ${0.1667}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{MgCl}}}_{2}$ | ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{MgCl}}}_{2}$ |
| ${\mathrm{{CaCl}}}_{2}$ | 0.5 mol/L NaCl | 0.489 mol/L NaCl+ ${0.011}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{CaCl}}}_{2}$ | ${0.3}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{NaCl}} +$ 0.066 7 mol/L CaCl ${}_{2}$ | 0.166 7 mol/L CaCl ${}_{2}$ | ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{CaCl}}}_{2}$ |
| ${\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ | 0.5 mol/L NaCl | 0.488 mol/L NaCl+ ${0.012}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ | ${0.3}\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{NaCl}} +$ ${0.0667}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ | ${0.1667}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ | ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145726329868790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
RED 装置中不同多价盐系列进水溶液的具体组分, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 多价盐种类 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| ${\mathrm{{MgCl}}}_{2}$ | 0.5 mol/L NaCl | 0.409 mol/L NaCl+ ${0.091}\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{MgCl}}}_{2}$ | ${0.3}\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{NaCl}} +$ 0.066 7 mol/L MgCl ${}_{2}$ | ${0.1667}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{MgCl}}}_{2}$ | ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{MgCl}}}_{2}$ |
| ${\mathrm{{CaCl}}}_{2}$ | 0.5 mol/L NaCl | 0.489 mol/L NaCl+ ${0.011}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{CaCl}}}_{2}$ | ${0.3}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{NaCl}} +$ 0.066 7 mol/L CaCl ${}_{2}$ | 0.166 7 mol/L CaCl ${}_{2}$ | ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{CaCl}}}_{2}$ |
| ${\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ | 0.5 mol/L NaCl | 0.488 mol/L NaCl+ ${0.012}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ | ${0.3}\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{NaCl}} +$ ${0.0667}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ | ${0.1667}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ | ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{Na}}}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145726392783351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Surface tension properties of probe liquids for contact angle measuremen, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 液滴 | | | | | |
| 超纯水 | 21.8 | 25.5 | 25.5 | 51.0 | 72.8 |
| 二碘甲烷 | 50.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 50.8 |
| 甲酰胺 | 39.0 | 2.3 | 39.6 | 19.0 | 58.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145726451503608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
接触角测试溶液的表面张力参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 液滴 | | | | | |
| 超纯水 | 21.8 | 25.5 | 25.5 | 51.0 | 72.8 |
| 二碘甲烷 | 50.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 50.8 |
| 甲酰胺 | 39.0 | 2.3 | 39.6 | 19.0 | 58.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145726501835257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
The surface tension of SA and ion exchange membranes in aqueous solutions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | | | | | | | | |
| AEM | 37.31 | 0.92 | 5.68 | 4.56 | 41.90 | -8.56 | -3.35 | -11.91 |
| CEM | 32.82 | 4.14 | 17.36 | 16.96 | 49.80 | 4.35 | -3.03 | 1.32 |
| SA | 37.17 | 0.17 | 55.19 | 6.07 | 43.20 | 26.26 | 11.14 | 37.40 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145726564749818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
SA 和离子交换膜在水溶液中的表面张力, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | | | | | | | | |
| AEM | 37.31 | 0.92 | 5.68 | 4.56 | 41.90 | -8.56 | -3.35 | -11.91 |
| CEM | 32.82 | 4.14 | 17.36 | 16.96 | 49.80 | 4.35 | -3.03 | 1.32 |
| SA | 37.17 | 0.17 | 55.19 | 6.07 | 43.20 | 26.26 | 11.14 | 37.40 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145726615081467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
The adhesive free energies between ion-exchange membranes and SA molecules under different electrolyte, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| solutions conditions |
| 自由能 | CEM 数值 | AEM 数值 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{1}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ | 1.15 | -11.9 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{1\mathrm{\;m}}}^{\mathrm{{LW}}}$ | -3.03 | -3.35 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{f}_{{w}_{1}}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{TOT}}}$ | -1.88 | -15.25 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{2}}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ | -0.65 | -15.67 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{f}_{{W}_{2}m}}^{\mathrm{{LW}}}$ | -3.03 | -3.35 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{2}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{TOT}}}$ | -3.68 | -19.02 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{3}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ | 0.49 | -13.37 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{3}}^{\mathrm{{LW}}}$ | -3.03 | -3.35 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{3}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{TOT}}}$ | -2.54 | -16.72 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{4}}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ | 1.69 | -12.56 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{4}}^{\mathrm{{LW}}}$ | -3.03 | -3.35 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{\mathrm{a}}}^{\mathrm{{TOT}}}$ | -1.34 | -15.91 |
), ArticleFig(id=1159145726711550460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152988709273199380, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=
不同液体介质条件下阴、阳离子交换膜与 SA 的粘聚力, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| solutions conditions |
| 自由能 | CEM 数值 | AEM 数值 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{1}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ | 1.15 | -11.9 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{1\mathrm{\;m}}}^{\mathrm{{LW}}}$ | -3.03 | -3.35 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{f}_{{w}_{1}}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{TOT}}}$ | -1.88 | -15.25 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{2}}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ | -0.65 | -15.67 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{f}_{{W}_{2}m}}^{\mathrm{{LW}}}$ | -3.03 | -3.35 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{2}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{TOT}}}$ | -3.68 | -19.02 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{3}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ | 0.49 | -13.37 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{3}}^{\mathrm{{LW}}}$ | -3.03 | -3.35 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{3}\mathrm{\;m}}^{\mathrm{{TOT}}}$ | -2.54 | -16.72 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{4}}^{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ | 1.69 | -12.56 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{4}}^{\mathrm{{LW}}}$ | -3.03 | -3.35 |
| $\Delta {G}_{{\mathrm{{fw}}}_{\mathrm{a}}}^{\mathrm{{TOT}}}$ | -1.34 | -15.91 |
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