Article(id=1152342295056626174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152342291831681269, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704124800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752669412626, onlineDateStr=2025-07-16, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752669412626, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752669412626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752669412626, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152342291831681269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, year='2025', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='569', pageEnd='710', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752669411857, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753694458107, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156641647501894486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152342291831681269, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156641647501894487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, issueId=1152342291831681269, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=610, endPage=619, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152342295367004671, articleId=1152342295056626174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, language=EN, title=Study on the influence of stratified ground thermophysical properties on the heat transfer performance of U-bend deep borehole heat exchanger, columnId=null, journalTitle=Renewable Energy Resources, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ubend Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger (UDBHE) has attracted much attention because it can effectively exploit deep geothermal energy and has high heat transfer performance. The thermophysical properties of mediumdeep ground generally change with depth, but there is a lack of indepth study on the influence of thermophysical properties of stratified ground on the heat transfer performance of Ubend deep borehole heat exchanger. Based on the UDBHE semi analytical heat transfer model established by the authors, the influence of thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity)of stratified ground on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE is studied. The results show that the thermal conductivity of each layer of ground has a great influence on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE, while the volumetric heat capacity of ground in each layer also has a certain influence, and the influence increases with the increase of ground layer depth. With the increase of time, the influence of ground thermal conductivity on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE gradually increases, while the influence of ground volumetric heat capacity on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE is basically unchanged. By keeping the weighted average values of the thermal conductivities of all ground layers constant, the heterogeneity of ground thermal conductivity has a great influence on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE, and the larger degree of heterogeneity of ground thermal conductivity would promote the heat transfer performance of UDBHE, otherwise it will inhibit the heat transfer performance of UDBHE. Similarly, the heterogeneity of volumetric heat capacity of ground also has a certain influence on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE, but its influence changes slightly with time. The research results provide important reference value for UDBHE performance prediction and optimization.

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化石燃料一直在全球能源结构中占据主要份额,其大量使用带来了严重的环境问题和不可持续性的能源消耗。为了减少化石能源所引起的CO2排放量,我国于2020年正式提出了在2060年实现“碳中和”的目标,并大力发展清洁的可再生能源。地热能作为一种清洁环保、稳定的可再生能源,其高效开发与利用对于实现“碳中和”的目标具有重大意义。目前,地热能利用形式以地源热泵为主,其中,2020年地源热泵系统利用的地热资源占全球地热资源总利用量的58.8%]。为了进一步开采中深层地热能,一些研究者提出了中深层地埋管换热器的概念,。其中,U型中深层地埋管换热器(Ubend Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger, UDBHE)具有较高的传热性能和良好的应用前景,因此受到越来越多的关注。岩土热物性会随深度而变化,并且变化较大,因此对地埋管换热器进行传热分析时不能将岩土看作均匀介质。岩土热物性会影响地埋管的传热性能,而分层岩土热物性(热导率和体积比热容)对浅层地埋管的传热性能有重要影响。现有的UDBHE 研究文献表明,岩土热导率是影响UDBHE 传热性能的重要因素[10,然而目前考虑分层岩土热物性的 UDBHE 文献较少。Bao LL和Li C分别结合某实际 UDBHE 工程,在考虑岩土分层的基础上建立了 UDBHE 的解析传热模型,并对提出的模型进行了验证[11,12]。李超考虑了岩土分层情况,基于现场试验建立了 UDBHE 的三维数值模型,并分析了 UDBHE 的取热性能[13,14]。而Zhang W K简化了 UDBHE 模型,假设岩土为均匀介质或均匀层状介质,建立了仅考虑轴向与径向传热的二维数值模型,以便于分析 UDBHE的传热过程[15,16]然而,上述 UDBHE 文献在对 UDBHE 进行传热分析时仅考虑了分层岩土热物性,并未阐明分层岩土热物性对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响,缺乏分层岩土热物性对 UDBHE影响的深入研究。因此,本文基于团队前期建立的 UDBHE 半解析传热模型,分别研究了各层岩土热物性(热导率和体积比热容)以及岩土热物性非均匀性对 UDBHE传热性能的影响,以揭示分层岩土热物性对UDBHE 传热性能的影响规律。

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王昌龙(1990-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为地源热泵、建筑节能。E-mail:
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Renewable Energy, 2024, 222: 119959., articleTitle=Semi-analytical and numerical modeling of U-bend deep borehole heat exchanger, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1159145996615013343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, awardId=1808085QE178, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省自然科学基金(1808085QE178), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1159145993360233332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145993368621941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, companyId=1159145993360233332, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1159145993377010550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, companyId=1159145993360233332, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 安徽工业大学 建筑工程学院 安徽马鞍山 243002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1159145995000206251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Schematic and simplified diagrams of UDBHE, figureFileSmall=GbOXI5EdSsJkvaZNwRG29w==, figureFileBig=MiZH8rpJ1vnERde12+9nsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995063120813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=UDBHE 的示意图和简化图, figureFileSmall=GbOXI5EdSsJkvaZNwRG29w==, figureFileBig=MiZH8rpJ1vnERde12+9nsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995113452463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Influences of thermal conductivity of each layer of ground on the outlet fluid temperature within 120 days, figureFileSmall=tpyalCe+QlIhjxrF/KuXvg==, figureFileBig=XaxYWK7k/6vk124WKEyoFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995159589809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=各层岩土热导率对 ${120}\mathrm{\;d}$ 内出口流体温度的影响, figureFileSmall=tpyalCe+QlIhjxrF/KuXvg==, figureFileBig=XaxYWK7k/6vk124WKEyoFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995209921459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Influences of thermal conductivity of each layer of ground on the fluid temperature distribution at 120 days, figureFileSmall=1haSQ7kfL17BuJjYI5ERcQ==, figureFileBig=14MHYN2DN0llA14ULBV2Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995264447413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=各层岩土热导率对 ${120}\mathrm{\;d}$ 时的流体温度分布的影响, figureFileSmall=1haSQ7kfL17BuJjYI5ERcQ==, figureFileBig=14MHYN2DN0llA14ULBV2Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995327361974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Influences of volumetric heat capacity of each layer of ground on the outlet fluid temperature within 120 days, figureFileSmall=eYkzyQ4uJEFStiBbQsVH/w==, figureFileBig=SmDj6OVVv/QToT7Kcaddqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995381887928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=各层岩土体积比热容对${120}\mathrm{\;d}$ 内出口流体温度的影响, figureFileSmall=eYkzyQ4uJEFStiBbQsVH/w==, figureFileBig=SmDj6OVVv/QToT7Kcaddqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995423830970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Influences of volumetric heat capacity of each layer of ground on the fluid temperature distribution at 120 days, figureFileSmall=PU6uneM3wWPjGvgmj31ohA==, figureFileBig=jJoBusZqEEp7nKs76HGs4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995478356924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=各层岩土体积比热容对 ${120}\mathrm{\;d}$ 时的流体温度分布的影响, figureFileSmall=PU6uneM3wWPjGvgmj31ohA==, figureFileBig=jJoBusZqEEp7nKs76HGs4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995532882878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Influence of heterogeneity of ground thermal conductivity on the outlet fluid temperature of UDBHE, figureFileSmall=S4dHSgRc8cXJELHAGbrk6A==, figureFileBig=d9Km+gST6bF9Msi9cV3Iag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995587408832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=岩土热导率非均匀性对 UDBHE 出口流体温度的影响, figureFileSmall=S4dHSgRc8cXJELHAGbrk6A==, figureFileBig=d9Km+gST6bF9Msi9cV3Iag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995633546178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Influence of heterogeneity of volumetric heat capacity of ground on the outlet fluid temperature of UDBHE, figureFileSmall=ELSyw6ltJHU/W3+PAp4FPA==, figureFileBig=WgAgn59+CNtyaE1K7pDZQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995688072132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=岩土体积比热容非均匀性对 UDBHE 出口流体温度的影响, figureFileSmall=ELSyw6ltJHU/W3+PAp4FPA==, figureFileBig=WgAgn59+CNtyaE1K7pDZQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995755180998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Influence of heterogeneity of thermophysical properties of ground on the fluid temperature distribution of UDBHE, figureFileSmall=lE0AwY8VFNYTvIoCYVHWOw==, figureFileBig=PXEkewx34HRQEfGrM7Annw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995826484167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=岩土热物性非均匀性对 UDBHE 流体温度分布的影响, figureFileSmall=lE0AwY8VFNYTvIoCYVHWOw==, figureFileBig=PXEkewx34HRQEfGrM7Annw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1159145995876815817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Related parameters of UDBHE, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
对接直管长度 ${L}_{1}/\mathrm{m}$ 1700
对接斜管长度 ${L}_{2}/\mathrm{m}$ 1 261
直管长度 ${L}_{3}/\mathrm{m}$ 2781
对接直管外半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{o}1}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.069 9
对接直管内半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{{il}}}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.062 2
对接斜管外半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{o}2}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.069 9
对接斜管内半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{i}2}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.062 2
直管外半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{o}3}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.088 9
直管内半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{i}3}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.079 7
钻孔半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{b}}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.1207
保温层外半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{o}4}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.1089
保温层长度 ${L}_{\mathrm{{ins}}}/\mathrm{m}$ 580
对接斜管沿深度的偏转角度 $\alpha /\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ 31
回填土体积比热容 ${\left( \rho c\right) }_{\mathrm{{ce}}}/\mathrm{J} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ ${2.1} \times {10}^{6}$
回填土热导率 ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{{ce}}}/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ 1.34
流体的体积流量 $\dot{V}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot {\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ 23.5
保温层体积比热容 ${\left( \rho c\right) }_{\text{ins }}/\mathrm{J} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ ${3.06} \times {10}^{5}$
保温层热导率 ${\lambda }_{\text{ins }}/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ 0.031 2
流体热导率 ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{f}}/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ 0.615
地表温度 ${T}_{\mathrm{{sur}}}/{}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ 20.524
等效管热导率 ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{p}}/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ 14.48
地温梯度 $a/C \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ 0.027 03
热输出功率 ${Q}_{\text{out }}/\mathrm{W}$ 574 200
), ArticleFig(id=1159145995952313291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=UDBHE 的相关参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
对接直管长度 ${L}_{1}/\mathrm{m}$ 1700
对接斜管长度 ${L}_{2}/\mathrm{m}$ 1 261
直管长度 ${L}_{3}/\mathrm{m}$ 2781
对接直管外半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{o}1}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.069 9
对接直管内半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{{il}}}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.062 2
对接斜管外半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{o}2}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.069 9
对接斜管内半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{i}2}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.062 2
直管外半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{o}3}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.088 9
直管内半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{i}3}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.079 7
钻孔半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{b}}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.1207
保温层外半径 ${r}_{\mathrm{o}4}/\mathrm{m}$ 0.1089
保温层长度 ${L}_{\mathrm{{ins}}}/\mathrm{m}$ 580
对接斜管沿深度的偏转角度 $\alpha /\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ 31
回填土体积比热容 ${\left( \rho c\right) }_{\mathrm{{ce}}}/\mathrm{J} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ ${2.1} \times {10}^{6}$
回填土热导率 ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{{ce}}}/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ 1.34
流体的体积流量 $\dot{V}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot {\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$ 23.5
保温层体积比热容 ${\left( \rho c\right) }_{\text{ins }}/\mathrm{J} \cdot {\left( {\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ ${3.06} \times {10}^{5}$
保温层热导率 ${\lambda }_{\text{ins }}/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ 0.031 2
流体热导率 ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{f}}/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ 0.615
地表温度 ${T}_{\mathrm{{sur}}}/{}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ 20.524
等效管热导率 ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{p}}/\mathrm{W} \cdot {\left( \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) }^{-1}$ 14.48
地温梯度 $a/C \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ 0.027 03
热输出功率 ${Q}_{\text{out }}/\mathrm{W}$ 574 200
), ArticleFig(id=1159145996002644941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Numbers of layered ground under the condition of different thermal conductivities and the same volumetric heat capacity for each layer of ground, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 岩土热导率/W·(m·K) 岩土体积 比热容
深度/m 深度/m 深度/m 深度/m
0~695 695~1 390 1 390~2 085 2 085~2 780
k0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
$\mathrm{k}1$ 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
$\mathrm{k}2$ 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k3 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k4 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k5 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k6 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
$\mathrm{k}7$ 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k8 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
), ArticleFig(id=1159145996082336719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=各层岩土在不同热导率和相同体积比热容条件下的分层岩土编号, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 岩土热导率/W·(m·K) 岩土体积 比热容
深度/m 深度/m 深度/m 深度/m
0~695 695~1 390 1 390~2 085 2 085~2 780
k0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
$\mathrm{k}1$ 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
$\mathrm{k}2$ 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k3 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k4 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k5 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k6 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
$\mathrm{k}7$ 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k8 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
), ArticleFig(id=1159145996136862673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Numbers of layered ground under the condition of different volumetric heat capacities and the same thermal conductivity for each layer of ground, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 岩土体积比热容/J· 岩土 热导率
深度/m 深度/m 深度/m 深度/m
0~695 695~1 390 390~2085 2 085~2 780
C0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C1 ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C2 ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C3 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C4 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C5 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C6 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C7 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C8 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
), ArticleFig(id=1159145996220748755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=各层岩土在不同体积比热容和相同热导率条件下的分层岩土编号, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 岩土体积比热容/J· 岩土 热导率
深度/m 深度/m 深度/m 深度/m
0~695 695~1 390 390~2085 2 085~2 780
C0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C1 ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C2 ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C3 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C4 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C5 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C6 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C7 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C8 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
), ArticleFig(id=1159145996300440534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Numbers of layered ground for heterogeneous ground thermal conductivity, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 岩土热导率/W·(m·K) 岩土体积 比热容
深度/m 深度/m 深度/m 深度/m
0~695 695~1 390 1 390~2 085 2085~2 780
k0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
$\mathrm{k}9$ 2.2 2.6 3.4 3.8 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k10 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k11 3.8 3.4 2.6 2.2 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k12 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
), ArticleFig(id=1159145996350772184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=非均匀岩土热导率条件下的分层岩土编号, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 岩土热导率/W·(m·K) 岩土体积 比热容
深度/m 深度/m 深度/m 深度/m
0~695 695~1 390 1 390~2 085 2085~2 780
k0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
$\mathrm{k}9$ 2.2 2.6 3.4 3.8 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k10 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k11 3.8 3.4 2.6 2.2 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
k12 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$
), ArticleFig(id=1159145996426269658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Numbers of layered ground for heterogeneous volumetric heat capacity of ground, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 岩土体积比热容/J· 岩土 热导率
深度/m 深度/m 深度/m 深度/m
0~695 695~1 390 390~2085 2085~2 780
C0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C9 ${1.8} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.0} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C10 ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C11 ${3.0} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.8} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C12 ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
), ArticleFig(id=1159145996476601308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119893612605453, articleId=1152342295056626174, language=CN, label=表 5, caption=非均匀岩土体积比热容条件下的分层岩土编号, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 岩土体积比热容/J· 岩土 热导率
深度/m 深度/m 深度/m 深度/m
0~695 695~1 390 390~2085 2085~2 780
C0 ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.4} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C9 ${1.8} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.0} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C10 ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C11 ${3.0} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${2.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.8} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
C12 ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${3.2} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ ${1.6} \times {10}^{6}$ 3.0
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分层岩土热物性对U型中深层地埋管传热性能的影响研究
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孙婉玉 1 , 蒋天茁 1 , 付强 1 , 王昌龙 1
可再生能源 | 2025,43(5): 610-619
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可再生能源 | 2025, 43(5): 610-619
分层岩土热物性对U型中深层地埋管传热性能的影响研究
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孙婉玉1, 蒋天茁1, 付强1, 王昌龙1
作者信息
  • 1 安徽工业大学 建筑工程学院 安徽马鞍山 243002

通讯作者:

王昌龙(1990-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为地源热泵、建筑节能。E-mail:
Study on the influence of stratified ground thermophysical properties on the heat transfer performance of U-bend deep borehole heat exchanger
Wanyu Sun1, Tianzhuo Jiang1, Qiang Fu1, Changlong Wang1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 China
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化石燃料一直在全球能源结构中占据主要份额,其大量使用带来了严重的环境问题和不可持续性的能源消耗。为了减少化石能源所引起的CO2排放量,我国于2020年正式提出了在2060年实现“碳中和”的目标,并大力发展清洁的可再生能源。地热能作为一种清洁环保、稳定的可再生能源,其高效开发与利用对于实现“碳中和”的目标具有重大意义。目前,地热能利用形式以地源热泵为主,其中,2020年地源热泵系统利用的地热资源占全球地热资源总利用量的58.8%]。为了进一步开采中深层地热能,一些研究者提出了中深层地埋管换热器的概念,。其中,U型中深层地埋管换热器(Ubend Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger, UDBHE)具有较高的传热性能和良好的应用前景,因此受到越来越多的关注。岩土热物性会随深度而变化,并且变化较大,因此对地埋管换热器进行传热分析时不能将岩土看作均匀介质。岩土热物性会影响地埋管的传热性能,而分层岩土热物性(热导率和体积比热容)对浅层地埋管的传热性能有重要影响。现有的UDBHE 研究文献表明,岩土热导率是影响UDBHE 传热性能的重要因素[10,然而目前考虑分层岩土热物性的 UDBHE 文献较少。Bao LL和Li C分别结合某实际 UDBHE 工程,在考虑岩土分层的基础上建立了 UDBHE 的解析传热模型,并对提出的模型进行了验证[11,12]。李超考虑了岩土分层情况,基于现场试验建立了 UDBHE 的三维数值模型,并分析了 UDBHE 的取热性能[13,14]。而Zhang W K简化了 UDBHE 模型,假设岩土为均匀介质或均匀层状介质,建立了仅考虑轴向与径向传热的二维数值模型,以便于分析 UDBHE的传热过程[15,16]然而,上述 UDBHE 文献在对 UDBHE 进行传热分析时仅考虑了分层岩土热物性,并未阐明分层岩土热物性对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响,缺乏分层岩土热物性对 UDBHE影响的深入研究。因此,本文基于团队前期建立的 UDBHE 半解析传热模型,分别研究了各层岩土热物性(热导率和体积比热容)以及岩土热物性非均匀性对 UDBHE传热性能的影响,以揭示分层岩土热物性对UDBHE 传热性能的影响规律。

U型中深层地埋管换热器  /  分层岩土热物性  /  传热性能  /  热导率  /  体积比热容

Ubend Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger (UDBHE) has attracted much attention because it can effectively exploit deep geothermal energy and has high heat transfer performance. The thermophysical properties of mediumdeep ground generally change with depth, but there is a lack of indepth study on the influence of thermophysical properties of stratified ground on the heat transfer performance of Ubend deep borehole heat exchanger. Based on the UDBHE semi analytical heat transfer model established by the authors, the influence of thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity)of stratified ground on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE is studied. The results show that the thermal conductivity of each layer of ground has a great influence on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE, while the volumetric heat capacity of ground in each layer also has a certain influence, and the influence increases with the increase of ground layer depth. With the increase of time, the influence of ground thermal conductivity on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE gradually increases, while the influence of ground volumetric heat capacity on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE is basically unchanged. By keeping the weighted average values of the thermal conductivities of all ground layers constant, the heterogeneity of ground thermal conductivity has a great influence on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE, and the larger degree of heterogeneity of ground thermal conductivity would promote the heat transfer performance of UDBHE, otherwise it will inhibit the heat transfer performance of UDBHE. Similarly, the heterogeneity of volumetric heat capacity of ground also has a certain influence on the heat transfer performance of UDBHE, but its influence changes slightly with time. The research results provide important reference value for UDBHE performance prediction and optimization.

U-bend deep borehole heat exchanger  /  stratified ground thermophysical properties  /  heat transfer performance  /  thermal conductivity  /  volumetric heat capacity
孙婉玉, 蒋天茁, 付强, 王昌龙. 分层岩土热物性对U型中深层地埋管传热性能的影响研究. 可再生能源, 2025 , 43 (5) : 610 -619 .
Wanyu Sun, Tianzhuo Jiang, Qiang Fu, Changlong Wang. Study on the influence of stratified ground thermophysical properties on the heat transfer performance of U-bend deep borehole heat exchanger[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2025 , 43 (5) : 610 -619 .
化石燃料一直在全球能源结构中占据主要份额, 其大量使用带来了严重的环境问题和不可持续性的能源消耗[1]。为了减少化石能源所引起的${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$排放量,我国于 2020 年正式提出了在 2060 年实现“碳中和”的目标, 并大力发展清洁的可再生能源[2]。地热能作为一种清洁环保、稳定的可再生能源,其高效开发与利用对于实现“碳中和”的目标具有重大意义[3]。目前,地热能利用形式以地源热泵为主, 其中, 2020 年地源热泵系统利用的地热资源占全球地热资源总利用量的${58.8}{\% }^{\left( 4\right) }$。为了进一步开采中深层地热能, 一些研究者提出了中深层地埋管换热器的概念[5,6]。其中,U型中深层地埋管换热器 (U-bend Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger, UDBHE) 具有较高的传热性能和良好的应用前景,因此受到越来越多的关注[7]
岩土热物性会随深度而变化,并且变化较大, 因此对地埋管换热器进行传热分析时不能将岩土看作均匀介质[8]。岩土热物性会影响地埋管的传热性能,而分层岩土热物性(热导率和体积比热容)对浅层地埋管的传热性能有重要影响[9]。现有的 UDBHE 研究文献表明,岩土热导率是影响 UDBHE 传热性能的重要因素[10],然而目前考虑分层岩土热物性的 UDBHE 文献较少。Bao L L 和$\mathrm{{LiC}}$分别结合某实际 UDBHE 工程,在考虑岩土分层的基础上建立了 UDBHE 的解析传热模型, 并对提出的模型进行了验证[11,12]。李超考虑了岩土分层情况, 基于现场试验建立了 UDBHE 的三维数值模型,并分析了 UDBHE 的取热性能[13,14]。而 Zhang W K 简化了 UDBHE 模型, 假设岩土为均匀介质或均匀层状介质, 建立了仅考虑轴向与径向传热的二维数值模型, 以便于分析 UDBHE 的传热过程[15,16]
然而, 上述 UDBHE 文献在对 UDBHE 进行传热分析时仅考虑了分层岩土热物性, 并未阐明分层岩土热物性对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响, 缺乏分层岩土热物性对 UDBHE 影响的深入研究。 因此, 本文基于团队前期建立的 UDBHE 半解析传热模型, 分别研究了各层岩土热物性(热导率和体积比热容) 以及岩土热物性非均匀性对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响, 以揭示分层岩土热物性对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响规律。
典型的 UDBHE 由对接直管、对接斜管和直管 3 个部分组成, 如图 1 所示。
流体在 UDBHE 内流动时, 首先从对接直管进入, 然后流入对接斜管, 最后从直管流出。在流动过程中,流体与岩土传热,以达到吸收热量的目的。对接斜管位于较深的位置, 能够更有效地提取岩土中的热能, 进而提高系统的总体换热效果。由于换热时 3 根管之间的相互影响较小,因此,将对接直管、对接斜管和直管简化成一根等效管,如图 1(b)所示。等效管的长度等于对接直管、对接斜管和直管的长度之和, 并且其内半径可能随深度而变化。本文建立了考虑分层岩土热物性的UDBHE 半解析传热模型,并对其进行了验证[17]
UDBHE 的传热过程主要包括管道、回填土和岩土中的热传导及流体与管壁之间的对流传热。为了简化问题, 对半解析传热模型做出如下 3 条假设:
①忽略等效管的热容;
②假定等效管内的流体流动为轴向一维流动,并且管内对流传热满足 Gnielinski 关联式;
③忽略等效管、回填土及岩土中的轴向传热, 并且仅考虑回填土和岩土中的径向传热。
根据能量守恒, UDBHE 中流体的能量方程[17]
$ \pi {r}_{\mathrm{i}}^{2}{\left( \rho c\right) }_{\mathrm{f}}\frac{\partial {T}_{\mathrm{f}}}{\partial t} = - \dot{V}{\left( \rho c\right) }_{\mathrm{f}}\frac{\partial {T}_{\mathrm{f}}}{\partial z} + {q}_{\mathrm{p}},\left( {0 < z < {L}_{1} + {L}_{2} + {L}_{3}}\right) $
式中:${r}_{\mathrm{i}}$为等效管内半径,$\mathrm{m};{\left( \rho c\right) }_{\mathrm{f}}$为流体的体积比热容,$\mathrm{J}/\left( {{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$;${T}_{\mathrm{f}}$为流体温度,${}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C};t$为时间,$\mathrm{s}$;$\dot{V}$为流体的体积流量,${\mathrm{m}}^{3}/\mathrm{s};z$为轴向坐标,$\mathrm{m};{L}_{1}$,${L}_{2}$,${L}_{3}$分别为对接直管、对接斜管和直管的长度,$\mathrm{m};{q}_{\mathrm{p}}$为等效管与流体之间的热流,$\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{m}$。
其中,${q}_{\mathrm{p}}$的计算式为
$ {q}_{\mathrm{p}} = \frac{{T}_{\mathrm{{po}}} - {T}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{f},\mathrm{p}}} $
式中:${T}_{\mathrm{{po}}}$为等效管外表面温度,$\mathrm{C};{R}_{\mathrm{f},\mathrm{p}}$为流体与等效管外表面之间的热阻,$\left( {\mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}}\right) /\mathrm{W}$。
不同管段位置处的${R}_{\mathrm{f},\mathrm{p}}$不同,${r}_{\mathrm{i}}$和${R}_{\mathrm{f},\mathrm{p}}$的计算式分别为
$ {r}_{\mathrm{i}} = \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {r}_{\mathrm{i}1},\left( {0 \leq z \leq {L}_{1}}\right) \\ {r}_{\mathrm{i}2},\left( {{L}_{1} < z \leq {L}_{1} + {L}_{2}}\right) \\ {r}_{\mathrm{i}3},\left( {{L}_{1} + {L}_{2} < z \leq {L}_{1} + {L}_{2} + {L}_{3}}\right) \end{array}\right. $
$ {R}_{\mathrm{f},\mathrm{p}} = \\ \begin{array}{l} \frac{1}{{2\pi }{r}_{\mathrm{i}1}{h}_{1}} + \frac{1}{{2\pi }{\lambda }_{\mathrm{p}}}\ln \frac{{r}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{{r}_{\mathrm{i}1}},\left( {0 \leq z \leq {L}_{1}}\right) \\ \frac{1}{{2\pi }{r}_{\mathrm{i}2}{h}_{2}} + \frac{1}{{2\pi }{\lambda }_{\mathrm{p}}}\ln \frac{{r}_{\mathrm{o}2}}{{r}_{\mathrm{i}2}},\left( {{L}_{1} < z \leq {L}_{1} + {L}_{2}}\right) \\ \frac{1}{{2\pi }{r}_{\mathrm{i}3}{h}_{3}} + \frac{1}{{2\pi }{\lambda }_{\mathrm{p}}}\ln \frac{{r}_{\mathrm{o}3}}{{r}_{\mathrm{i}3}},\left( {{L}_{1} + {L}_{2} < z \leq {L}_{1} + {L}_{2} + {L}_{3} - {L}_{\mathrm{{ins}}}}\right) \\ \frac{1}{{2\pi }{r}_{\mathrm{i}3}{h}_{3}} + \frac{1}{{2\pi }{\lambda }_{\mathrm{p}}}\ln \frac{{r}_{\mathrm{o}3}}{{r}_{\mathrm{i}3}} + \frac{1}{{2\pi }{\lambda }_{\mathrm{p}}}\ln \frac{{r}_{\mathrm{o}4}}{{r}_{\mathrm{i}3}}, \\ \end{array} $
式中:${r}_{\mathrm{i}1}$为对接直管的内半径,$\mathrm{m};{r}_{\mathrm{o}1}$为对接直管的外半径,$\mathrm{m};{h}_{1}$为对接直管内的对流换热系数,$\mathrm{W}/\left( {{\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}}\right) ;{\lambda }_{\mathrm{p}}$为对接直管、对接斜管、直管以及等效管的热导率,$\mathrm{W}/\left( {\mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}}\right) ;{r}_{\mathrm{i}2}$为对接斜管的内半径,$\mathrm{m};{r}_{\mathrm{o}2}$为对接斜管的外半径,$\mathrm{m};{h}_{2}$为对接斜管内的对流换热系数,$\mathrm{W}/\left( {{\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}}\right) ;{r}_{\mathrm{i}3}$为直管的内半径,$\mathrm{m};{r}_{\mathrm{o}3}$为直管的外半径,$\mathrm{m};{h}_{3}$为直管内的对流换热系数,$\mathrm{W}/\left( {{\mathrm{m}}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}}\right) ;{\lambda }_{\text{ins }}$为保温层的热导率,$\mathrm{W}/\left( {\mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}}\right) ;{r}_{\mathrm{o}4}$为保温层的外半径,$\mathrm{m};{L}_{\text{ins }}$为保温层的长度,m 。
基于解析解分析回填土与岩土中的径向一维传热, 同时采用热流叠加原理分析变热流情况下的传热,则${T}_{\mathrm{{po}}}$满足:
$ {T}_{\mathrm{{po}}}^{n} = {T}_{0} - \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 1}}^{n}\left( {{q}_{\mathrm{p}}^{k} - {q}_{\mathrm{P}}^{k - 1}}\right) G\left\lbrack {{t}^{n} - {t}^{k - 1},{\lambda }_{\mathrm{s}},{\left( \rho c\right) }_{\mathrm{s}}}\right\rbrack $
式中:${T}_{0}$为岩土的初始温度,${}^{c}\mathrm{C};G$为用于分析岩土和回填土中的径向传热的$G$函数;$n$和$k$分别代表第$n$个和第$k$个时刻;${\lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$为岩土的热导率,$\mathrm{W}/\left( {\mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}}\right) ;{\left( \rho c\right) }_{\mathrm{s}}$为岩土的体积比热容,$\mathrm{J}/\left( {{\mathrm{m}}^{3} \cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$。
流体初始温度分布为
$ {T}_{\mathrm{f}} = {T}_{0},\left( {t = 0}\right) $
边界条件为
$ {T}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( {z = 0, t}\right) = {T}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( {z = {L}_{1} + {L}_{2} + {L}_{3}, t}\right) - \frac{{Q}_{\text{out }}}{\dot{V}{\left( \rho c\right) }_{\mathrm{f}}} $
式中:${Q}_{\text{out }}$为 UDBHE 的热输出功率, W。
岩土初始温度${T}_{0}$的表达式为
$ {T}_{0} = \\ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {T}_{\mathrm{{sur}}} + {az},\left( {0 \leq z \leq {L}_{1}}\right) \\ {T}_{\mathrm{{sur}}} + a\left\lbrack {{L}_{1} + \left( {z - {L}_{1}}\right) \cos \alpha }\right\rbrack ,\left( {{L}_{1} < z \leq {L}_{1} + {L}_{2}}\right) \\ {T}_{\mathrm{{sur}}} + a\left\lbrack {{L}_{1} + {L}_{2}\cos \alpha - \left( {z - {L}_{1} - {L}_{2}}\right) }\right\rbrack ,\left( {{L}_{1} + {L}_{2} < z \leq {L}_{1} + {L}_{2} + {L}_{3}}\right) \end{array}\right. $
式中:${T}_{\text{sur }}$为地表温度,${}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C};a$为地温梯度,${}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}/\mathrm{m};\alpha$为对接斜管沿深度的偏转角度,°。
UDBHE 半解析传热模型的数值计算过程参见文献[17],在此不作详述。该半解析传热模型考虑了岩土热物性随深度的变化, 可用于研究各层岩土热物性与岩土热物性非均匀性对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响。
基于上述半解析传热模型, 以文献[17]中的 UDBHE 作为研究对象, 相关参数如表 1 所示。
在已知热输出功率的边界条件下, 分别研究各层岩土热物性与岩土热物性非均匀性对 UDBHE 出口流体温度及其分布的影响规律。
岩土热物性主要包括热导率和体积比热容, 为了研究某层岩土热导率或体积比热容对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响, 可在保持其他参数不变的情况下,分析 UDBHE 传热性能随该层岩土热导率或体积比热容变化而变化的规律。
为了便于研究, 假设该 UDBHE 对应 4 层岩土层。表 2 为各层岩土在不同热导率和相同体积比热容条件下的分层岩土编号,其中$\mathrm{k}0$中的岩土热物性是均匀的。
通过对比$\mathrm{k}0,\mathrm{k}1,\mathrm{k}2$,可研究第一层岩土热导率对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响; 以此类推, 可分别研究第二层、第三层和第四层岩土热导率对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响。
将上述分层岩土热物性分别代入半解析传热模型,并模拟${120}\mathrm{\;d}$内的 UDBHE 出口流体温度, 结果如图 2 所示。须要说明的是, 由于模型所模拟的前${10}\mathrm{\;h}$的温度分布趋势相同,忽略前${10}\mathrm{\;h}$的数据能够更直观地体现出各层岩土热导率对传热性能的影响,因此前${10}\mathrm{\;h}$的数据未在图 2 中显示, 并且其他图表均默认忽略了前${10}\mathrm{\;h}$的数据。
图 2 可见,与$\mathrm{k}0$相比,$\mathrm{k}1,\mathrm{k}2,\mathrm{k}3,\mathrm{k}4,\mathrm{k}5$,$\mathrm{k}6,\mathrm{k}7,\mathrm{k}8$在${80}\mathrm{\;h}$时的出口流体温度分别高0.23,$- {0.17},{0.43}, - {0.32}, - {0.55},{0.40}, - {1.48},{1.10}{}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$,而$\mathrm{k}1,\mathrm{k}2,\mathrm{k}3,\mathrm{k}4,\mathrm{k}5,\mathrm{k}6,\mathrm{k}7,\mathrm{k}8$在${120}\mathrm{\;d}$时的出口流体温度分别高${0.12}, - {0.09}, - {0.28},{0.20}, - {1.69},{1.28}$, -3.15,2.38${}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$。由此可以推断:①随着岩土层深度的增大, 岩土热导率对出口流体温度的影响逐渐增大; ②对于深度较浅的岩土层, 如果岩土热导率越大,那么前期的出口流体温度越低,而在足够长时间后的出口流体温度越高, 并且岩土热导率的影响随着时间的增加而先减小、后增大; ③对于深度较深的岩土层,如果岩土热导率越大,则出口流体温度越高, 并且岩土热导率的影响随着时间的增加而增大。导致这些结果的原因可能如下:当岩土层深度足够浅时, 其对应的岩土初始温度及无限远处的岩土温度较低, 则前期温度较高的流体将向岩土传递热量, 而在时间足够长之后流体温度下降到一定程度, 会出现方向相反的传热过程, 因而这两种相反的传热过程存在一定的抵消作用,进而导致岩土热导率的影响较小,而在入口流体温度低于岩土初始温度时并不适用; 当岩土层深度足够深时, 其对应的岩土初始温度及无限远处的岩土温度较高, 则岩土将通过 UDBHE 向流体不断传递热量, 传热量也较大, 深层岩土热导率的影响较大; 直管中的保温层只与深度较浅的第一层岩土相邻, 从而极大地抑制了流体与第一层岩土之间的传热,进而降低了岩土热导率的影响。
各层岩土热导率对${120}\mathrm{\;d}$时的流体温度分布的影响如图 3 所示。须要说明的是, 横坐标中的等效深度为流体流过$\mathrm{U}$型中深层地埋管的管段长度。随着第一层或第二层岩土热导率的变化,120$\mathrm{d}$时的流体温度分布变化较小,而其他两层岩土热导率对流体温度分布的影响较大, 并且其影响随着岩土层深度的增大而增大。因此, 岩土层深度越深, 岩土热导率对流体温度分布的影响越大。
表 3 为各层岩土在不同体积比热容和相同热导率条件下的分层岩土编号。其中$\mathrm{{CO}}$中的岩土热物性是均匀的。通过对比$\mathrm{C}0,\mathrm{C}1,\mathrm{C}2$,可研究第一层岩土体积比热容对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响;以此类推,可分别研究第二层、第三层和第四层岩土体积比热容对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响。
将上述分层岩土热物性分别代入半解析传热模型,并模拟${120}\mathrm{\;d}$内的 UDBHE 出口流体温度, 结果如图 4 所示。
图 4 可见,与$\mathrm{C}0$相比,$\mathrm{C}1,\mathrm{C}2,\mathrm{C}3,\mathrm{C}4,\mathrm{C}5$,$\mathrm{C}6,\mathrm{C}7,\mathrm{C}8$在${80}\mathrm{\;h}$时的出口流体温度分别高${0.11}, - {0.09},{0.16}, - {0.14}, - {0.31},{0.25}, - {0.78},{0.63}{}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$, 而$\mathrm{C}1,\mathrm{C}2,\mathrm{C}3,\mathrm{C}4,\mathrm{C}5,\mathrm{C}6,\mathrm{C}7,\mathrm{C}8$在${120}\mathrm{\;d}$时的出口流体温度分别高${0.02}, - {0.02}, - {0.10},{0.08}, - {0.43}$,${0.35}, - {0.78},{0.63}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$。由此可以推断:随着岩土层深度的增大, 岩土体积比热容对出口流体温度的影响缓慢增大。此外,在深度较浅的岩土层,如果岩土体积比热容越大,那么前期的出口流体温度越低, 而在足够长时间后的出口流体温度越高, 并且岩土体积比热容对出口流体温度的影响随时间的变化很小;在深度较深的岩土层,岩土体积比热容越大, 则出口流体温度越高, 并且岩土体积比热容对出口流体温度的影响随着时间的增加而基本不变。
各层岩土体积比热容对${120}\mathrm{\;d}$时的流体温度分布的影响如图 5 所示。
在${120}\mathrm{\;d}$时,第一层或第二层岩土体积比热容对流体温度分布的影响较小, 而其他两层岩土体积比热容对流体温度分布的影响较大, 并且其影响也随着岩土层深度的增加而增大。因此,岩土层深度越深, 岩土体积比热容对流体温度分布的影响越大; 但岩土体积比热容对流体温度分布的影响随着时间的增加而基本不变。
在保持岩土热物性加权平均值不变的情况下, 分别研究岩土热导率非均匀性、岩土体积比热容非均匀性对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响规律。
表 4 为非均匀岩土热导率条件下的分层岩土编号。
各编号的分层岩土热导率加权平均值相等, 并且各层岩土的体积比热容相等。$\mathrm{k}0$中的岩土热导率是均匀的;$\mathrm{k}9$和$\mathrm{k}{10}$中的岩土热导率随着岩土层深度的增大而增大, 其中 k10 的岩土热导率非均匀性程度较大;$\mathrm{k}{11}$和$\mathrm{k}{12}$中的岩土热导率随着岩土层深度的增大而减小,其中$\mathrm{k}{12}$的岩土热导率非均匀性程度较大。
将上述非均匀岩土热导率分别代入半解析传热模型,并模拟${120}\mathrm{\;d}$内的 UDBHE 出口流体温度, 结果如图 6 所示。
图 6 可知,与$\mathrm{k}0$相比,$\mathrm{k}9,\mathrm{k}{10},\mathrm{k}{11},\mathrm{k}{12}$在${80}\mathrm{\;h}$时的出口流体温度分别高${1.41},{2.19}, - {1.62}$,$- {2.53}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$,而$\mathrm{k}9,\mathrm{k}{10},\mathrm{k}{11},\mathrm{k}{12}$在${120}\mathrm{\;d}$时的出口流体温度分别高 2.54,3.67,-2.99,-4.63 °C。由此可以推断:岩土热导率非均匀性对 UDBHE 出口流体温度的影响较大, 其影响随着时间的增加而增大, 即岩土热导率非均匀性所引起的 UDBHE 出口流体温度变化随时间的增加而增大; 当岩土热导率随着岩土层的深度增加而增大时, UDBHE 出口流体温度随着岩土热导率非均匀性程度的增大而升高;当岩土热导率随着岩土层的深度增大而减小时, UDBHE 出口流体温度随着岩土热导率非均匀性程度的增大而降低。引发上述结果的原因与各层岩土热导率对 UDBHE 传热性能的不同影响有关:对于深度较深的岩土层,较高的岩土热导率能够强化传热性能; 对于深度较浅的岩土层, 较高的岩土热导率在前期则会抑制传热性能, 而在足够长的时间之后会强化传热性能。
表 5 为非均匀岩土体积比热容条件下的分层岩土编号, 各编号的分层岩土的体积比热容加权平均值相等,并且各层岩土的热导率相等。$\mathrm{{CO}}$中的岩土体积比热容是均匀的, C9 和 C10 中的岩土体积比热容随着岩土层深度的增大而增大, 其中$\mathrm{C}{10}$的非均匀性程度较大。$\mathrm{C}{11}$和$\mathrm{C}{12}$中的岩土体积比热容随着岩土层深度的增大而减小, 其中 C12 的非均匀性程度较大。
将上述非均匀岩土热物性分别代入半解析传热模型,并模拟${120}\mathrm{\;d}$内的 UDBHE 出口流体温度和流体温度分布, 结果如图 7图 8 所示。和$\mathrm{C}0$相比,$\mathrm{C}9,\mathrm{C}{10},\mathrm{C}{11}$及$\mathrm{C}{12}$在${80}\mathrm{\;h}$时的出口流体温度分别高${0.67},{1.16}, - {0.74}, - {1.31}{}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$,而$\mathrm{C}9$,$\mathrm{C}{10},\mathrm{C}{11}$及$\mathrm{C}{12}$在${120}\mathrm{\;d}$时的出口流体温度分别高${0.57},{0.92}, - {0.66}, - {1.15}{}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$。在这几种情况下,岩土热导率对流体温度分布有较大差异, 而岩土体积比热容对流体温度分布有一定差异。由此可以推断:岩土体积比热容非均匀性对 UDBHE 传热性能有一定的影响, 并且其影响随着时间的增加而缓慢减小;当岩土体积比热容随着岩土层的深度增加而增大时, UDBHE 传热性能随着岩土体积比热容非均匀性程度的增大而增大; 当岩土体积比热容随着岩土层的深度增加而减小时, UDBHE 传热性能随着岩土热导率非均匀性程度的增大而减小,但其影响程度小于岩土热导率。
本文深入研究了分层岩土热物性对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响, 并基于团队前期建立的 UDBHE 半解析传热模型,对各层岩土热物性(热导率和体积比热容)以及岩土热物性非均匀性对 UDBHE 传热性能的影响规律进行了分析, 由此得出以下结论。
①各层岩土热导率对 UDBHE 出口流体温度及流体温度分布均有较大影响, 并且其影响随着岩土层深度和时间的增大而增大。各层岩土体积比热容对 UDBHE 出口流体温度和流体温度均有一定影响, 并且随着岩土层深度的增大而增大, 但其影响基本上不会随着时间的增加而改变。
②当各层岩土热导率保持加权平均值不变时, 岩土热导率非均匀性对 UDBHE 传热性能有较大影响, 并且随时间和岩土层深度的增加而增大, 较大程度的岩土热导率非均匀性将促进 UDBHE 传热性能,反之则抑制。同理,岩土体积比热容非均匀性程度对 UDBHE 传热性能有一定影响, 但影响随时间的变化很小。如果岩土体积比热容随着岩土层深度的增加而增大, 则较大程度的岩土体积比热容非均匀性将会促进 UDBHE 传热性能,反之则抑制。
③ 研究结果表明,分层岩土热物性对 UDBHE 传热性能有较大影响, 因此, 在 UDBHE 性能预测及优化时须要考虑其影响。本文未考虑地下水渗流的影响, 而实际的 UDBHE 换热过程中有可能会受到地下水渗流的影响, 其影响有待进一步的研究。
  • 安徽省自然科学基金(1808085QE178)
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2025年第43卷第5期
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-02
基金
安徽省自然科学基金(1808085QE178)
作者信息
    1 安徽工业大学 建筑工程学院 安徽马鞍山 243002

通讯作者:

王昌龙(1990-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为地源热泵、建筑节能。E-mail:
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