Article(id=1318316556539507484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1318316496934261092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742486400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-21, revisedDate=1760284800000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792240760215, onlineDateStr=2026-10-17, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792240760215, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792240760215, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792240760215, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1318316496934261092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792240746004, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792240746004, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1466, endPage=1477, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1318316556757611293, articleId=1318316556539507484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Research on key core technology breakthroughs empowered by leading-chain enterprises for chain member enterprises, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Playing the role of leading-chain enterprises' traction to achieve the overall breakthroughs of key core technology throughout the industrial chain and supply chain is an important way to guarantee the security of the industrial chain and supply chain. According to existing literature, corporate basic research can generate positive spillover effects, which influence subsequent innovation both within and across industries. So, when a leading-chain enterprise enhances its basic research capabilities, could this generate spillover effects along the industrial chain and supply chain that impact other enterprises in the chain, beyond potentially influencing its own technological breakthroughs? If there is an impact, through what mechanisms does the spillover effect operate? Does this impact vary between upstream and downstream leading-chain enterprises and member enterprises? However, relevant research has not systematically addressed these questions. The dimensions within empowerment theory can be categorized into psychological, resource, and structural empowerment. These dimensions systematically reveal the systemic impact of basic research conducted by leading-chain enterprises on breakthroughs in key core technologies among chain member enterprises.

This study focuses on the bottlenecks faced by chain member enterprises in pursuing key core technological innovations. Guided by empowerment theory, it conducts theoretical analysis centered on whether leading-chain enterprises can effectively empower chain member enterprises to overcome their innovation barriers. Empirical testing is conducted using a large sample of data from listed advanced manufacturing enterprises from 2015 to 2022.

The findings are as follows: (1) when the level of basic research of upstream leading-chain enterprises is high, it can significantly promote key core technology breakthroughs of chain member enterprises, while no such effect exists between downstream leading-chain enterprises and chain member enterprises. (2) Mechanism research shows that upstream leading-chain enterprises promote key core technology breakthroughs of chain member enterprises mainly through three kinds of empowerment effects: psychological empowerment, resource empowerment and structural empowerment. (3) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effect is more pronounced when: -Chain member firms are non-state-owned; - The industry faces intense competition; - The region exhibits low human capital levels; - Geographical and technological distances between leading-chain and member firms are shorter, while organizational distances are greater (e.g., state-owned leading-chain firms paired with non-state-owned members).

The contributions of this paper are as follows: First, the scope of spillover effects are expanded to include leading-chain and chain-member enterprises classified by their positions within the industrial chain, thereby broadening the scope of research subjects for industrial chain and supply chain spillover effects. Second, through large-sample empirical tests, we find that the spillover effects of upstream and downstream leading-chain enterprises' basic research is different along the industrial chain and supply chain. This provides new empirical evidence on whether leading-chain enterprises can drive the development of chain-member enterprises in innovation fields. Furthermore, guided by the empowerment theory, we have unlocked the inherent “black box” of spillover effects generated by the basic research of leading-chain enterprises. This also expands the application scenarios of the empowerment theory. Finally, this paper also establishes for the first time a methodology for identifying leading-chain enterprises and chain member enterprises. This provides a relatively precise and feasible basis for subsequent research to identify and determine such entities.

, authors=Hai-lin YAO1, Qiong HUANG1, Hong-jun GENG2, authorsList=Hai-lin YAO, Qiong HUANG, Hong-jun GENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong-jun GENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1318316557416117024, articleId=1318316556539507484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=链主企业赋能链员企业关键核心技术突破研究, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

发挥链主企业牵引作用,实现产业链供应链上关键核心技术的全链条整体突破,是保障产业链供应链安全的重要途径。本文首次构建2015-2022年中国先进制造业链主—链员企业数据库,探讨上下游链主企业能否以及如何促进链员企业关键核心技术突破。研究发现,当上游链主企业基础研究水平较高时,能显著促进链员企业关键核心技术突破,而下游链主—链员企业间不存在此类效应。机制研究表明,上游链主企业主要通过心理赋能、资源赋能和结构赋能三种赋能效应影响链员企业。异质性研究发现,当链员企业为非国有、所处行业竞争激烈、所在地区人力资本水平低,以及链主-链员企业间存在更近的地理及技术距离、更远的组织距离(链主国有-链员非国有)情况下,促进效应更为显著。本文拓展了产业链供应链上创新溢出效应的研究,对如何发挥链主企业牵引作用以提升全产业链技术创新能力、增强产业链供应链自主可控水平具有重要的实践启示。

, authors=姚海琳1, 黄琼1, 耿红军2, authorsList=姚海琳, 黄琼, 耿红军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=耿红军, authorNote=

姚海琳(1977-),女,副教授,博士。

黄琼(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

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耿红军(1990-),男,副教授,博士,E-mail:。
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Results indicate that trust and perceived quality of interaction contribute most significantly to research utilization, with trust having indirect effects through other relationship processes, as opposed to important direct effects on research utilization. Deeper levels of exchange, including researcher involvement in the research process and user commitment to the research relationship, however, have little effect on research use. Finally, the relationships in the model show few differences depending on whether the producer and user share marketing or research orientations. Interorganizational dyads, however, generally exhibit stronger model relationships than intraorganizational dyads.), Reference(id=1318316569529267052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Schumpeter J A, journalName=Routledge, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schumpeter J A. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy[M]. 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China Industrial Economy, 2022(7): 141-158., articleTitle=Industrial chain leading firms and local manufacturing firms’growth: Driving force or resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316571714499444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=3, pageStart=149, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=吴娜, 白雅馨, 安毅, journalName=南开管理评论, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴娜, 白雅馨, 安毅. 主动模仿还是被动反应:商业信用同群效应研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2022, 25(3):149-161., articleTitle=主动模仿还是被动反应:商业信用同群效应研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316571794191221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=3, pageStart=149, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Wu N, Bai Y X, An Y, journalName=Nankai Business Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu N, Bai Y X, An Y. 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Robots and labor employment——An empirical investigation based on heterogeneity of industries and regions[J]. China Industrial Economy, 2020 (8): 80-98., articleTitle=Robots and labor employment——An empirical investigation based on heterogeneity of industries and regions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572024877944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=10.1287/mnsc.2017.2924, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=65, issue=6, pageStart=2445, pageEnd=2466, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Chu Y, Tian X, Wang W, journalName=Management Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chu Y, Tian X, Wang W. Corporate innovation along the supply chain[J]. Management Science, 2019, 65(6): 2445-2466., articleTitle=Corporate innovation along the supply chain, refAbstract=In this paper, we document a positive effect of supplier-customer geographic proximity on supplier innovation. To establish causality, we explore plausibly exogenous variation in proximity caused by customer relocations. The positive effect of supplier-customer proximity on supplier innovation is stronger when customers are more innovative themselves, when suppliers and customers are closer in technological space, and when customers' demand accounts for a larger fraction of suppliers' total sales. These findings suggest that the feedback channel and the demand channel are likely underlying mechanisms through which supplier-customer proximity affects supplier innovation. Overall, our paper sheds new light on the real effect of supplier-customer relationship on corporate innovation.), Reference(id=1318316572091986809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=10.1002/smj.2018.39.issue-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=3, pageEnd=32, url=https://sms.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/10970266/39/1, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Arora A, Belenzon S, Patacconi A, journalName=Strategic Management Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Arora A, Belenzon S, Patacconi A. The decline of science in corporate R&D[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2018, 39(1): 3-32., articleTitle=The decline of science in corporate R&D, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572184261498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=61, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=39, authorNames=刘维刚, 周凌云, 李静, journalName=中国工业经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘维刚, 周凌云, 李静. 生产投入的服务质量与企业创新——基于生产外包模型的分析[J]. 中国工业经济, 2020(8):61-79., articleTitle=生产投入的服务质量与企业创新——基于生产外包模型的分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572255564667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=61, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Liu W G, Zhou L Y, Li J, journalName=China Industrial Economy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu W G, Zhou L Y, Li J. 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China Industrial Economy, 2020 (8): 61-79., articleTitle=Input service quality and enterprise innovation——An analysis based on the outsourcing model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572322673532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=58, issue=6, pageStart=137, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=41, authorNames=吴超鹏, 严泽浩, journalName=经济研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴超鹏, 严泽浩. 政府基金引导与企业核心技术突破:机制与效应[J]. 经济研究, 2023, 58(6):137-154., articleTitle=政府基金引导与企业核心技术突破:机制与效应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572398171005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=58, issue=6, pageStart=137, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Wu C P, Yan Z H, journalName=Economic Research Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu C P, Yan Z H. 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Economic Research Journal, 2023, 58(6): 137-154., articleTitle=Government guidance funds and breakthroughs in firm's core technologies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572469474174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=394, pageEnd=405, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=43, authorNames=安琪, 冯启良, 方炜, journalName=科学学研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=安琪, 冯启良, 方炜. 合作网络双重嵌入与企业关键核心技术突破[J]. 科学学研究, 2025, 43(2):394-405., articleTitle=合作网络双重嵌入与企业关键核心技术突破, refAbstract=合作网络嵌入对企业创新绩效的影响已得到学术界关注,然而鲜有研究考察如何利用研发主体间合作网络关系嵌入与结构嵌入获取多样性、异质性资源,进而促进企业关键核心技术突破。基于网络嵌入性理论与资源基础理论,本研究以2010-2020年中国高技术制造业的经验证据,实证检验企业合作网络关系嵌入与结构嵌入对企业关键核心技术突破的影响。研究发现,合作网络双重嵌入对企业关键核心技术突破具有显著的促进效应,在稳健性检验之后这一结论仍然成立。此外,技术多元化、吸收能力和企业数字化转型对合作网络双重嵌入与关键核心技术突破的关系具有显著调节作用,其中较高水平的技术多元化和吸收能力对合作网络关系嵌入与关键核心技术突破关系的正向调节作用更为显著,而较高水平的企业数字化转型程度对合作网络结构嵌入与关键核心技术突破关系的正向调节作用更加突出。本研究证实了合作网络双重嵌入对关键核心技术突破的积极影响,为政府推进网络治理、引导企业关键核心技术突破提供了理论指导。), Reference(id=1318316572532388735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=394, pageEnd=405, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=44, authorNames=An Q, Feng Q L, Fang W, journalName=Studies in Science of Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=An Q, Feng Q L, Fang W. Dual embeddedness of cooperation networks and the key core technology breakthrough of enterprises[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2025, 43(2): 394-405., articleTitle=Dual embeddedness of cooperation networks and the key core technology breakthrough of enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572603691904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=10.1016/j.respol.2021.104319, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=9, pageStart=104319, pageEnd=null, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048733321001207, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Hsu D H, Hsu P H, Zhao Q, journalName=Research Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hsu D H, Hsu P H, Zhao Q. Rich on paper? Chinese firms’ academic publications, patents, and market value[J]. Research Policy, 2021, 50(9): 104319., articleTitle=Rich on paper? Chinese firms’ academic publications, patents, and market value, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572679189377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=10.1080/13662716.2021.1997723, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=396, pageEnd=424, url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13662716.2021.1997723, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Leten B, Kelchtermans S, Belderbos R, journalName=Industry and Innovation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Leten B, Kelchtermans S, Belderbos R. How does basic research improve innovation performance in the world’s major pharmaceutical firms?[J]. Industry and Innovation, 2022, 29(3): 396-424., articleTitle=How does basic research improve innovation performance in the world’s major pharmaceutical firms?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572771464066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=21, issue=7, pageStart=1034, pageEnd=1045, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=47, authorNames=胡志亮, 尤碧莹, 郑明贵, journalName=管理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡志亮, 尤碧莹, 郑明贵. 战略差异度对企业创新的影响及作用机制研究[J]. 管理学报, 2024, 21(7):1034-1045., articleTitle=战略差异度对企业创新的影响及作用机制研究, refAbstract=基于现有研究方法刻画了企业战略差异度变量,对企业战略差异度与企业创新的关系进行实证研究。研究发现:企业战略差异度越大越会抑制企业创新,且外部竞争压力和内部薪酬激励强化了企业战略差异度对企业创新的负向影响。进一步研究发现,企业战略差异度对企业创新的负向影响存在“边际效应”递增的非线性变化特征,同时外部竞争压力和内部薪酬激励还会进一步强化该效应。通过刻画不同层面的创新表征发现,企业战略差异度在员工层面阻碍了创新效率,在管理者层面减少了创新意愿,在企业层面降低了创新质量。此外,截面异质性结果显示,外部交易成本和内部管控成本均起到了加强企业战略差异度对企业创新的负向影响。), Reference(id=1318316572838572931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=21, issue=7, pageStart=1034, pageEnd=1045, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Hu Z L, You B Y, Zheng M G, journalName=Chinese Journal of Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu Z L, You B Y, Zheng M G, et al. Research on the impact and mechanism of corporate strategic deviance and innovation[J]. Chinese Journal of Management, 2024, 21(7): 1034-1045., articleTitle=Research on the impact and mechanism of corporate strategic deviance and innovation, refAbstract=This study improves the portrayal of corporate strategic deviance variables based on existing research methods, and empirically investigates the relationship between corporate strategic deviance and innovation. The results show that greater strategic deviance inhibits innovation, and that external competitive pressures and internal pay incentives reinforce the negative effect of corporate strategic deviance on innovation. Further research shows that the negative impact of corporate strategic deviance on innovation is characterized by an increasing non-linear “marginal effect”, which is further reinforced by external competitive pressures and internal pay incentives. By portraying the analysis of innovation performance at different levels, the results show that the degree of corporate strategic deviance hinders innovation efficiency at the employee level, reduces the willingness to innovation at the managerial level, and reduces the quality of innovation at the firm level. Finally, the cross-sectional heterogeneity results show that external transaction costs and internal control costs can both strengthen the negative effect of corporate strategic deviance on innovation.), Reference(id=1318316572905681796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=26, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=49, authorNames=王永进, 盛丹, 李坤望, journalName=中国社会科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王永进, 盛丹, 李坤望. 中国企业成长中的规模分布——基于大企业的研究[J]. 中国社会科学, 2017(3):26-47,204-205., articleTitle=中国企业成长中的规模分布——基于大企业的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316572976984965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=26, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Wang Y J, Sheng D, Li K W, journalName=Social Sciences in China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y J, Sheng D, Li K W. Scale distribution in the growth of Chinese enterprises:A study based on large enterprises[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2017(3): 26-47,204-205., articleTitle=Scale distribution in the growth of Chinese enterprises:A study based on large enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316573044093830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, doi=10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103790, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=144, issue=null, pageStart=103790, pageEnd=null, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022199623000764, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Gong R K, journalName=Journal of International Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gong R K. The local technology spillovers of multinational firms[J]. Journal of International Economics, 2023, 144: 103790., articleTitle=The local technology spillovers of multinational firms, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1318316567461475152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, awardId=25BKX012, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金一般项目(25BKX012), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1318316567541166929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, awardId=2023JJ30708, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30708), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1318316567612470098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, awardId=2021znzk04, language=CN, fundingSource=中南大学高端智库项目(2021znzk04), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1318316557634220833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316557642609442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, companyId=1318316557634220833, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316557650998051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, companyId=1318316557634220833, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中南大学商学院, 湖南长沙 410083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1318316557713912612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316557722301221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, companyId=1318316557713912612, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316557726495526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, companyId=1318316557713912612, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 南京理工大学公共事务学院, 江苏南京 210094)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1318316561044190014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Theoretical mechanism of the influence of upstream and downstream leading-chain enterprises' basic research on key core technology breakthroughs of chain member enterprises, figureFileSmall=m/wxfHflsXyIx95YRdJAPA==, figureFileBig=rUApRflmRW1/x0LBzQA+Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1318316561107104575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=CN, label=图1, caption=上下游链主企业基础研究对链员企业关键核心技术突破影响的理论机制, figureFileSmall=m/wxfHflsXyIx95YRdJAPA==, figureFileBig=rUApRflmRW1/x0LBzQA+Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1318316562826769216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Definition of the main variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 符号 定义
链员企业关键核心技术突破 lnCMkp5 Ln(链员企业在关键核心技术领域申请的发明专利5年内被引数+1)
链主企业基础研究 lnCObasic Ln(链主企业在基础研究领域发表的英文论文数+1)
链员企业的研发投入 lnCMRD Ln(1+链员企业的研发投入金额)
链员企业的上市年龄 CMlistage Ln(1+当年年份-链员企业上市年份)
链员企业的财务杠杆 CMlev 链员企业的负债/资产
链员企业的股权集中度 CMshc 链员企业的第一大股东持股数量/总股数
链员企业的净资产收益率 CMROE 链员企业的净利润/股东权益平均余额
链员企业的董事会规模 CMbds 链员企业的董事会董事数量
链主企业的研发投入 lnCORD Ln(1+链主企业的研发投入金额)
链主企业的上市年龄 COlistage Ln(1+当年年份-链主企业上市年份)
链主企业的财务杠杆 COlev 链主企业的负债/资产
链主企业的股权集中度 COshc 链主企业的第一大股东持股数量/总股数
链主企业的净资产收益率 COROE 链主企业的净利润/股东权益平均余额
链主企业的董事会规模 CObds 链主企业的董事会董事数量
行业竞争程度 HHI 链员企业所处行业的赫芬达尔指数
区域人均GDP RGDP 链员企业所在地区的地区总GDP/地区人口总数
), ArticleFig(id=1318316562906460993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要变量的定义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 符号 定义
链员企业关键核心技术突破 lnCMkp5 Ln(链员企业在关键核心技术领域申请的发明专利5年内被引数+1)
链主企业基础研究 lnCObasic Ln(链主企业在基础研究领域发表的英文论文数+1)
链员企业的研发投入 lnCMRD Ln(1+链员企业的研发投入金额)
链员企业的上市年龄 CMlistage Ln(1+当年年份-链员企业上市年份)
链员企业的财务杠杆 CMlev 链员企业的负债/资产
链员企业的股权集中度 CMshc 链员企业的第一大股东持股数量/总股数
链员企业的净资产收益率 CMROE 链员企业的净利润/股东权益平均余额
链员企业的董事会规模 CMbds 链员企业的董事会董事数量
链主企业的研发投入 lnCORD Ln(1+链主企业的研发投入金额)
链主企业的上市年龄 COlistage Ln(1+当年年份-链主企业上市年份)
链主企业的财务杠杆 COlev 链主企业的负债/资产
链主企业的股权集中度 COshc 链主企业的第一大股东持股数量/总股数
链主企业的净资产收益率 COROE 链主企业的净利润/股东权益平均余额
链主企业的董事会规模 CObds 链主企业的董事会董事数量
行业竞争程度 HHI 链员企业所处行业的赫芬达尔指数
区域人均GDP RGDP 链员企业所在地区的地区总GDP/地区人口总数
), ArticleFig(id=1318316562977764162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistics of main variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 N 均值 标准差 最小值 最大值
lnCObasic 318,158 0.6720 0.8689 0 3.3322
lnCMkp5 318,158 0.8323 1.1886 0 4.3820
lnCMRD 318,158 9.0338 0.8918 6.8604 11.3688
lnCORD 318,158 11.0545 1.2833 8.1031 14.2054
CMlistage 318,158 1.8727 0.7954 0 3.2581
COlistage 318,158 2.7364 0.5048 1.0986 3.4012
CMlev 318,158 0.3526 0.1652 0.0564 0.7366
COlev 318,158 0.5197 0.1621 0.1146 0.8416
CMROE 318,158 0.0721 0.1022 -0.3915 0.3212
COROE 318,158 0.0655 0.1289 -0.5998 0.3015
CMshc 318,158 31.4174 13.6051 7.2800 67.7300
COshc 318,158 34.1386 15.1436 8.8900 74.3000
CMbds 318,158 8.0017 1.3845 5 11
CObds 318,158 8.9836 1.9070 5 15
HHIA 318,158 0.0996 0.0877 0.0231 0.3275
RGDP 318,158 9.8191 3.4465 3.6724 19.0313
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563057455939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主要变量的描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 N 均值 标准差 最小值 最大值
lnCObasic 318,158 0.6720 0.8689 0 3.3322
lnCMkp5 318,158 0.8323 1.1886 0 4.3820
lnCMRD 318,158 9.0338 0.8918 6.8604 11.3688
lnCORD 318,158 11.0545 1.2833 8.1031 14.2054
CMlistage 318,158 1.8727 0.7954 0 3.2581
COlistage 318,158 2.7364 0.5048 1.0986 3.4012
CMlev 318,158 0.3526 0.1652 0.0564 0.7366
COlev 318,158 0.5197 0.1621 0.1146 0.8416
CMROE 318,158 0.0721 0.1022 -0.3915 0.3212
COROE 318,158 0.0655 0.1289 -0.5998 0.3015
CMshc 318,158 31.4174 13.6051 7.2800 67.7300
COshc 318,158 34.1386 15.1436 8.8900 74.3000
CMbds 318,158 8.0017 1.3845 5 11
CObds 318,158 8.9836 1.9070 5 15
HHIA 318,158 0.0996 0.0877 0.0231 0.3275
RGDP 318,158 9.8191 3.4465 3.6724 19.0313
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563124564804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Benchmark regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
上下游链主-链员企业 上游链主-链员企业 下游链主-链员企业
lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5
lnCObasic 0.0050*** 0.0033** 0.0055*** 0.0061*** 0.0004 -0.0014
(0.002) (0.002) (0.001) (0.002) (0.002) (0.001)
CV NO YES NO YES NO YES
Pair FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Observations 318,158 318,158 205,164 205,164 112,994 112,994
R-squared 0.595 0.598 0.599 0.603 0.585 0.588
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563195867973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
上下游链主-链员企业 上游链主-链员企业 下游链主-链员企业
lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5
lnCObasic 0.0050*** 0.0033** 0.0055*** 0.0061*** 0.0004 -0.0014
(0.002) (0.002) (0.001) (0.002) (0.002) (0.001)
CV NO YES NO YES NO YES
Pair FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Observations 318,158 318,158 205,164 205,164 112,994 112,994
R-squared 0.595 0.598 0.599 0.603 0.585 0.588
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563267171142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Endogenous test: instrumental variable method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4)
上游链主-链员企业 下游链主-链员企业
lnCObasic lnCMkp5 lnCObasic lnCMkp5
lnCObasic 0.0117*** -0.0022
(0.002) (0.002)
lnCOimpactfactortotal 0.5105*** 0.4807***
(0.001) (0.000)
CV YES YES YES YES
Pair FE YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES
F统计量 580000*** 2400000***
Cragg-Donald Wald F 980000[16.38] 480000[16.38]
Kleibergen-Paap rk LM 359.046*** 453.887***
Observations 205,164 205,164 112,994 112,994
R-squared 0.010 0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563330085703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

内生性检验:工具变量法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4)
上游链主-链员企业 下游链主-链员企业
lnCObasic lnCMkp5 lnCObasic lnCMkp5
lnCObasic 0.0117*** -0.0022
(0.002) (0.002)
lnCOimpactfactortotal 0.5105*** 0.4807***
(0.001) (0.000)
CV YES YES YES YES
Pair FE YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES
F统计量 580000*** 2400000***
Cragg-Donald Wald F 980000[16.38] 480000[16.38]
Kleibergen-Paap rk LM 359.046*** 453.887***
Observations 205,164 205,164 112,994 112,994
R-squared 0.010 0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563401388872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Endogeneity test: Heckman's two-stage method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 (1) (2)
CMinnovation_dum lnCMkp5
lnCObasic 0.0066***
(0.002)
CMlnmean3_income -0.3668***
(0.020)
IMR 0.2725
(0.417)
Constant -0.0016 1.9341*
(0.307) (1.077)
CV YES YES
Ind FE YES
Year FE YES YES
Pair FE YES
Observations 165,211 165,211
Pseudo R2 0.308
R-squared 0.620
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563476886345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

内生性检验:Heckman两阶段法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 (1) (2)
CMinnovation_dum lnCMkp5
lnCObasic 0.0066***
(0.002)
CMlnmean3_income -0.3668***
(0.020)
IMR 0.2725
(0.417)
Constant -0.0016 1.9341*
(0.307) (1.077)
CV YES YES
Ind FE YES
Year FE YES YES
Pair FE YES
Observations 165,211 165,211
Pseudo R2 0.308
R-squared 0.620
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563552383818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Empowerment mechanism for upstream leading-chain enterprises - chain member enterprises

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (3) (5)
心理赋能 资源赋能 结构赋能
CMporpinnova CMpatcitedtotal Index_innovation
lnCObasic 0.0337*** 0.6579** 0.0128***
(0.009) (0.319) (0.002)
Constant 15.0753*** -239.7684 -1.9492***
(4.234) (172.300) (0.259)
CV YES YES YES
Pair FE YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES
Observations 203,419 191,610 202,804
R-squared 0.872 0.693 0.708
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563623686987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

上游链主企业-链员企业的赋能机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (3) (5)
心理赋能 资源赋能 结构赋能
CMporpinnova CMpatcitedtotal Index_innovation
lnCObasic 0.0337*** 0.6579** 0.0128***
(0.009) (0.319) (0.002)
Constant 15.0753*** -239.7684 -1.9492***
(4.234) (172.300) (0.259)
CV YES YES YES
Pair FE YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES
Observations 203,419 191,610 202,804
R-squared 0.872 0.693 0.708
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563703378764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Differences in monopoly power of upstream and downstream leading-chain enterprises

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 观测值 均值 标准差 差值 P值
上游链主企业 205164 0.122 0.109 -0.058 0.000
下游链主企业 112994 0.064 0.076
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563778876237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

上下游链主企业垄断势力的差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 观测值 均值 标准差 差值 P值
上游链主企业 205164 0.122 0.109 -0.058 0.000
下游链主企业 112994 0.064 0.076
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563858568014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Impact of monopoly power of upstream and downstream leading-chain enterprises on chain member enterprises

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(1) (2) (3) (4)
lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5
lnCObasic 0.0051*** 0.0033** 0.0048*** 0.0028*
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
lnCObasic×COlerner 0.0678** 0.1194***
(0.034) (0.027)
COlerner -0.0096 -0.0150
(0.025) (0.023)
lnCObasic× Mk 0.0159 0.0531***
(0.020) (0.015)
Mk -0.0274* -0.0481***
(0.016) (0.015)
Constant 0.8294*** -0.1352 0.8844*** -0.0405
(0.003) (0.723) (0.031) (0.725)
CV NO YES NO YES
Pair FE YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES
Observations 318,158 318,158 318,158 318,158
R-squared 0.595 0.598 0.595 0.598
), ArticleFig(id=1318316563938259791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316556539507484, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

上下游链主企业垄断能力对链员企业的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4)
lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5 lnCMkp5
lnCObasic 0.0051*** 0.0033** 0.0048*** 0.0028*
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
lnCObasic×COlerner 0.0678** 0.1194***
(0.034) (0.027)
COlerner -0.0096 -0.0150
(0.025) (0.023)
lnCObasic× Mk 0.0159 0.0531***
(0.020) (0.015)
Mk -0.0274* -0.0481***
(0.016) (0.015)
Constant 0.8294*** -0.1352 0.8844*** -0.0405
(0.003) (0.723) (0.031) (0.725)
CV NO YES NO YES
Pair FE YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES
Observations 318,158 318,158 318,158 318,158
R-squared 0.595 0.598 0.595 0.598
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链主企业赋能链员企业关键核心技术突破研究
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姚海琳 1 , 黄琼 1 , 耿红军 2
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(7): 1466-1477
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (7) : 1466 -1477
链主企业赋能链员企业关键核心技术突破研究
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姚海琳1, 黄琼1, 耿红军2
作者信息
  • 1 中南大学商学院, 湖南长沙 410083
  • 2 南京理工大学公共事务学院, 江苏南京 210094
通讯作者:
耿红军(1990-),男,副教授,博士,E-mail:。
作者简介:

姚海琳(1977-),女,副教授,博士。

黄琼(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

Research on key core technology breakthroughs empowered by leading-chain enterprises for chain member enterprises
Hai-lin YAO1, Qiong HUANG1, Hong-jun GENG2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
  • 2 School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15
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发挥链主企业牵引作用,实现产业链供应链上关键核心技术的全链条整体突破,是保障产业链供应链安全的重要途径。本文首次构建2015-2022年中国先进制造业链主—链员企业数据库,探讨上下游链主企业能否以及如何促进链员企业关键核心技术突破。研究发现,当上游链主企业基础研究水平较高时,能显著促进链员企业关键核心技术突破,而下游链主—链员企业间不存在此类效应。机制研究表明,上游链主企业主要通过心理赋能、资源赋能和结构赋能三种赋能效应影响链员企业。异质性研究发现,当链员企业为非国有、所处行业竞争激烈、所在地区人力资本水平低,以及链主-链员企业间存在更近的地理及技术距离、更远的组织距离(链主国有-链员非国有)情况下,促进效应更为显著。本文拓展了产业链供应链上创新溢出效应的研究,对如何发挥链主企业牵引作用以提升全产业链技术创新能力、增强产业链供应链自主可控水平具有重要的实践启示。

关键核心技术突破  /  创新溢出  /  链主企业  /  基础研究

Playing the role of leading-chain enterprises' traction to achieve the overall breakthroughs of key core technology throughout the industrial chain and supply chain is an important way to guarantee the security of the industrial chain and supply chain. According to existing literature, corporate basic research can generate positive spillover effects, which influence subsequent innovation both within and across industries. So, when a leading-chain enterprise enhances its basic research capabilities, could this generate spillover effects along the industrial chain and supply chain that impact other enterprises in the chain, beyond potentially influencing its own technological breakthroughs? If there is an impact, through what mechanisms does the spillover effect operate? Does this impact vary between upstream and downstream leading-chain enterprises and member enterprises? However, relevant research has not systematically addressed these questions. The dimensions within empowerment theory can be categorized into psychological, resource, and structural empowerment. These dimensions systematically reveal the systemic impact of basic research conducted by leading-chain enterprises on breakthroughs in key core technologies among chain member enterprises.

This study focuses on the bottlenecks faced by chain member enterprises in pursuing key core technological innovations. Guided by empowerment theory, it conducts theoretical analysis centered on whether leading-chain enterprises can effectively empower chain member enterprises to overcome their innovation barriers. Empirical testing is conducted using a large sample of data from listed advanced manufacturing enterprises from 2015 to 2022.

The findings are as follows: (1) when the level of basic research of upstream leading-chain enterprises is high, it can significantly promote key core technology breakthroughs of chain member enterprises, while no such effect exists between downstream leading-chain enterprises and chain member enterprises. (2) Mechanism research shows that upstream leading-chain enterprises promote key core technology breakthroughs of chain member enterprises mainly through three kinds of empowerment effects: psychological empowerment, resource empowerment and structural empowerment. (3) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effect is more pronounced when: -Chain member firms are non-state-owned; - The industry faces intense competition; - The region exhibits low human capital levels; - Geographical and technological distances between leading-chain and member firms are shorter, while organizational distances are greater (e.g., state-owned leading-chain firms paired with non-state-owned members).

The contributions of this paper are as follows: First, the scope of spillover effects are expanded to include leading-chain and chain-member enterprises classified by their positions within the industrial chain, thereby broadening the scope of research subjects for industrial chain and supply chain spillover effects. Second, through large-sample empirical tests, we find that the spillover effects of upstream and downstream leading-chain enterprises' basic research is different along the industrial chain and supply chain. This provides new empirical evidence on whether leading-chain enterprises can drive the development of chain-member enterprises in innovation fields. Furthermore, guided by the empowerment theory, we have unlocked the inherent “black box” of spillover effects generated by the basic research of leading-chain enterprises. This also expands the application scenarios of the empowerment theory. Finally, this paper also establishes for the first time a methodology for identifying leading-chain enterprises and chain member enterprises. This provides a relatively precise and feasible basis for subsequent research to identify and determine such entities.

breakthroughs in key core technologies  /  innovation spillover  /  leading-chain enterprises  /  basic research
姚海琳, 黄琼, 耿红军. 链主企业赋能链员企业关键核心技术突破研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (7) : 1466 -1477 .
Hai-lin YAO, Qiong HUANG, Hong-jun GENG. Research on key core technology breakthroughs empowered by leading-chain enterprises for chain member enterprises[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (7) : 1466 -1477 .
发挥企业创新主体作用,实现全产业链关键核心技术的整体性突破,是保障产业链供应链安全、提升产业链供应链现代化水平的重要举措。近年来,中国先进制造业涌现出华为、比亚迪、宁德时代等一批具有广泛影响力的链主企业;他们通过在基础研究领域的前瞻性布局及持续投入,在关键核心技术上取得突破。但链主企业有其自身业务边界,难以对全产业链领域的关键核心技术进行全面布局;此外,关键核心技术突破中多层次嵌套和相互依赖的特征[1],需要链主-链员企业协同配合、整体攻关,链主是技术攻坚“主力军”,链员的支撑和协同作用也不可或缺。但关键核心技术创新具有研发投入大、周期长、不确定性高等特点[2],链员企业往往面临创新意愿不足、能力欠缺、外部资源获取受限等障碍。具有优势地位的链主企业若能发挥牵引作用[3],带动链员企业创新意识的整体提升、实现知识技术等创新资源的有效扩散,将是破解链员企业创新障碍、继而实现全产业链供应链关键核心技术整体突破的重要路径。
根据已有文献,企业基础研究能够产生正向溢出效应[4]。那么,当链主企业提升其基础研究水平、除可能影响自身的技术突破外,能否在产业链供应链上产生溢出效应而影响到链员企业?若有影响,溢出效应又通过何种机制发挥?此外,鉴于中国先进制造业领域上、下游链主企业①(① 本研究的链主不仅包括下游终端产品链主企业,也包括产业链上游的原材料、零部件链主企业。例如,新能源汽车产业链分为上游原材料及核心零部件、中游整车制造、下游充电及后市场服务,其中,宁德时代和国轩高科都位于新能源汽车产业链上游,但它们也是本研究所界定的链主企业。)在产品类别和垄断能力等方面存在区别[6],这是否会导致影响效应在上、下游链主—链员企业间存在差异?回答以上问题,对于辨析链主企业在产业链供应链中的关键作用,实现以链主牵引、带动全产业链关键核心技术的整体突破无疑具有重要的现实意义。
与本文相关的研究包括:产业链供应链上②(② 既有研究大多未严格区分产业链与供应链,而是统称为产业链供应链[5],本文采用这一做法。)溢出效应的研究。主要基于“供应商—客户”业务联系探究各类溢出效应的存在性、影响因素和机制路径[5,7-9],但缺乏对“链主”企业行为在产业链供应链上溢出效应的研究。链主与链员企业关系的研究。主要通过理论构建和案例分析阐释链主企业的引领作用[3,10],少数研究实证检验了链主企业数字化共享愿景、影响力对链员企业的影响[11,12],但对内在影响机制揭示不足。针对以上缺口,本研究紧扣链员企业进行关键核心技术创新面临的瓶颈,在赋能理论指导下,展开理论框架的构建及分析,并使用2015-2022年先进制造业上市企业数据进行大样本实证检验,以期揭示链主企业赋能链员企业关键核心技术突破的差异化效应和内在机理。
赋能理论强调通过赋予自主性、资源支持和影响力提升被赋能者的动机与能力,已有研究表明,赋能维度可以分为心理、资源和结构赋能这三个维度[9,13],而链主企业凭借其在产业链供应链上的核心优势地位,天然具备赋能链员企业的可能性。当链主企业提升其基础研究水平时,有可能优化链员企业开展关键核心技术突破的内外部条件、一定程度上破解链员创新意愿不强、能力不足、外部资源获取受限等障碍,实现赋能,可能的内在机制如下:
即链主企业开展基础研究有可能增强链员企业关键核心技术突破的动力,缓解其意愿不足障碍。链主企业在产业链中占据核心地位,其在创新领域的发展策略和行为往往会对上下游企业的创新产生示范和带动作用。一方面,链主在特定领域开展基础研究,能够为链员指引关键创新方向,降低其技术突破方向不明的风险。另一方面,链主企业的基础研究活动能释放出其创新意愿明确、坚定的信号,有助于在产业链各主体间形成攻关关键核心技术的一致信念[3]。无论是出于被动或主动,上下游企业都更有可能形成技术升级和创新的意愿,以适应、配合链主企业的需求。以上两方面的作用都有助于提升链员企业的创新意愿,通过心理赋能而促进其关键核心技术突破。
即链主企业的基础研究可能促进产业链供应链上创新知识的溢出及外部资源获取的可得性,解决链员企业创新资源受限问题。一方面,链主企业的基础研究可能使相关知识沿产业链供应链向链员企业溢出。首先,基础研究具有公共品属性、本身具有溢出效应[4]。基于产业关联,链主企业基础研究可能在产业链供应链上形成“知识池”效应,从而降低链员企业搜寻外部知识成本,促进其知识资源的获取。其次,上游链主企业的知识可以嵌入自身产品,通过产品溢出到下游链员企业;链员企业可以通过“干中学”吸收其中的知识,反哺自身的关键核心技术创新活动。另一方面,链主企业基础研究水平的提升,也有助于提升产业链供应链整体外部资源的可得性。首先,链主企业开展基础研究可作为自身创新能力提高的一种信号,从而获得其他组织(如地方政府、银行、科研机构等)的认可和资源支持;其次,当链员企业被认为与链主这一焦点组织属于同一类别时,合法性溢出[14]会使其获得一致的社会认可,提升外部利益相关者对产业链整体及链员企业的关注度,有助于链员企业获取更多的外部资源。以上原因共同影响链员企业,通过资源赋能而促进其关键核心技术突破。
即链主企业基础研究有可能促进产业链供应链上的合作水平,以产业链供应链整体结构的优化一定程度解决链员企业能力不足问题。链主企业开展基础研究,能够向链员企业传达技术领先的积极信号,有助于获得链员企业的信任和认可,而信任会增加信任方与被信任方建立联系的可能性[15],从而有助于产业链供应链上合作关系的形成,通过结构赋能而促进其关键核心技术突破。
结合前人研究[6,16-18],本文认为,链主企业基础研究能否促进链员企业关键核心技术突破,可能还取决于链主企业的垄断能力和产业链位置。首先,链主企业的垄断能力会影响赋能机制的发挥。当企业垄断能力较低时,一方面会缺乏足够的利润支撑基础研究活动[16,18],而较低的基础研究水平难以产生示范效应和信号效应,从而阻碍上文中赋能机制的实现;另一方面,当企业垄断能力较弱时,也会主动降低对基础研究成果的披露[17],这也会导致赋能机制无法有效发挥。中国先进制造业中,相较而言,下游产品市场竞争相对更为激烈、使得下游链主企业市场垄断能力相对较弱[6],而上游链主企业的垄断能力较强。其次,产业链位置也会影响到前文提及的资源赋能机制,例如,上游知识更可能通过嵌入到产品中向下游传导。综合以上原因,本研究认为下游链主企业基础研究的赋能机制会受到阻碍而难以实现,而上游链主企业的基础研究更有可能通过三条赋能路径、实现在产业链上赋能下游链员企业关键核心技术突破的效应。
综上,提出如下假设:
上游链主企业的基础研究能够促进链员企业关键核心技术的突破;下游链主企业的基础研究对链员企业关键核心技术突破无影响。
本文选取2015-2022年中国先进制造业上市企业为样本展开分析。行业选取基于以下原因:首先,先进制造业是中国实现关键核心技术突破和保障产业链供应链安全的主战场;其次,先进制造业是高附加值的创新驱动型行业且上下游间的生产联系较为紧密。选择先进制造业探究本研究的主题是适配的。参照已有研究[19]中对先进制造业的划分标准,并结合国家关注的重点领域,参考 2012 版证监会行业分类标准,本文确定了包括医药制造业、汽车制造业等在内的 5个先进制造业行业。研究时间区间选取的理由如下:以2015年为研究起点,是基于当年发布《中国制造2025》,这是中国先进制造业战略地位得到强化的重要时间节点;而2022年是本研究相关数据可得的最近年份。研究数据主要来源如下:企业基本数据来源于国泰安(CSMAR);企业专利数据来源于智慧芽;企业论文数据来源于WOS数据库。
首先进行链主企业的识别和确定。目前对链主企业没有统一界定标准。结合前人研究[3,10]及相关政策,本文将链主企业界定为位于产业链供应链上的关键企业,具有较强的规模实力、市场优势和技术优势,占据价值链中的高附加值部分,并能够充分整合和利用外部资源,凝聚和协调产业链上下游主体,推动产业链供应链发展。依据以上定义,通过以下四个指标来识别链主企业:(1)规模实力,以企业当年资产总额衡量[20]。(2)创新能力,以企业当年专利申请总数衡量[8]。(3)市场控制力,以企业赫芬达尔指数衡量。(4)价值链附加值,以企业经济增加值衡量。综上,本文将链主企业界定为上述四项指标在研究区间内均处于行业前列(行业前30%[21])的企业,最终得到329家满足以上条件的链主企业③(③本文进一步收集了截至 2022 年各省市公布的链主企业名单,将其与本文确定的链主企业名单进行比对,发现本文确定的链主企业中 的大部分企业都被包含在各省市公布的链主企业名单内,这可以验证本文链主企业筛选方法的合理性。 本文确定的链主企业名单省略。 上下 游链主企业的行业分布情况省略,备索。)。
接着,本文构建上下游链主—链员企业—年度数据集。具体操作如下:先依据2015年国家统计局编制的工业投入产出表,识别5个先进制造业行业相对重要的上下游行业[22]。其次,借鉴Chu等[23]的做法,将链员企业与上下游的链主企业进行对应,获得上下游链主企业—链员企业—年度数据集,共得到 551473 个观测值④(④具体测算方法省略,备索。 考虑到数据的可得性,本文将链员企业限定在上市企业。)。
在此基础上,对样本进行如下处理:(1)剔除样本区间内ST、*ST和PT的企业样本数据;(2)剔除缺失值严重的企业样本数据;(3)删除资不抵债的企业样本数据⑤(⑤ 考虑到资不抵债的企业可能存在异常值,故将其剔除。);(4)剔除样本期间的非创新企业⑥(⑥ 考虑到本文的研究目的是考察链主企业对链员企业关键核心技术突破的影响,因此参考创新领域文献的一般做法[23,24],排除了样本期间的非创新企业[23]。企业至少有一年的研发支出为正,并且至少有一项专利[24]。)。(5)剔除样本期内无连续5年观测值的样本[24]。为消除极端值影响,本文对所有连续变量进行1%和99%的缩尾处理,最终获得318158个观测值。
参考Chu等[23]、陶锋等[5]研究,本文构建如下研究模型:
$\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}CMkp{5}_{i,t}={\alpha }_{0}+{\beta }_{1}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}CObasi{c}_{i,j,t}+\gamma C{V}_{i,j,t}+Yea{r}_{t}+Pai{r}_{i,j}+{\varepsilon }_{i,j,t}$
其中,i表示链员企业,j表示链主企业,t表示年份。被解释变量lnCMkp5i,t表示链员企业i在t年的关键核心技术突破水平;解释变量lnCObasici,j,t为链员企业i对应的链主企业j在t年的基础研究水平;CVi,j,t表示包含链主和链员企业特征的一系列控制变量;本文在回归中控制了年份固定效应Yeart和链主—链员企业对固定效应Pairi,j;εi,j,t为随机扰动项。
(1) 被解释变量
链员企业关键核心技术突破(lnCMkp5):链员企业在关键核心技术领域申请的发明专利5年内被引数量加1的自然对数⑦(⑦ 专利被引量可以反映技术的重要性和影响力[25]。)。关键核心技术领域发明专利的界定方法如下,国家制造强国建设战略咨询委员会审定的《工业“四基”发展目录(2016年版)》列出了11个关键核心技术领域的685项技术,借鉴吴超鹏等[26]学者的研究,据此来定义关键核心技术领域;再将专利“标题”“摘要”“说明书”和“权利要求”中包含上述685项技术关键词的发明申请专利识别为关键核心技术领域的专利,将其5年内的被引次数按年份加总到企业上,并加1取对数。
(2) 解释变量
链主企业基础研究(lnCObasic):链主企业在基础研究领域发表的英文论文数加1的自然对数。参考Ceccagnoli等[4]的做法,使用Web of Science分配给每篇论文的“Research Area”字段来判断论文是否属于基础研究领域⑧(⑧ 这些研究领域被分成了5个大的子领域:Arts & Humanities、Life Sciences & Biomedicine、Physical Sciences、Social Sciences、Technology。),并将Physical Sciences定义为“基础研究”,将Technology定义为“应用研究”。对于Life Sciences & Biomedicine,借鉴美国国家科学基金的分类来定义基础和应用研究⑨(⑨具体见网址: https://osp.unm.edu/pi-resources/nsf-research-classifications.html。) 。在此判断标准的基础上,采用链主企业在基础研究领域发表的英文论文数加1的自然对数来衡量链主企业的基础研究水平 ⑩(⑩ 上下游链主企业论文发表具体情况省略,备索。)。
(3) 控制变量
本文选择相关文献中企业关键核心技术突破的影响因素予以控制[27],主要变量的定义如表1所示。
表2为主要变量的描述性统计。样本中无论是链员企业关键核心技术突破还是链主企业基础研究水平,都存在较大差异。此外,变量间的相关系数绝对值基本上未超过0.5,说明不存在严重的共线性问题 ⑪(⑪主要变量的相关系数检验省略,备索。)。
表3检验了上下游链主企业基础研究对链员企业关键核心技术突破的直接效应。列(1)-(2)结果显示,从链主企业整体看,其基础研究对链员企业关键核心技术突破具有明显的作用。列(3)-(4)结果显示,上游链主企业基础研究显著促进了链员企业的关键核心技术突破。列(5)-(6)结果表明,下游链主企业的基础研究对链员企业关键核心技术突破未产生显著影响 ⑫(⑫后文会对下游链主企业赋能作用受阻的原因提供进一步解释和证据。)。以上研究结果证明,假设成立。
本文采用两种方法解决内生性问题:(1)工具变量法。参考已有研究[28],选取当年链主企业在基础研究领域发表的所有英文论文所在期刊的影响因子加1的自然对数(lnCOimpactfactortotal)作为工具变量。该变量不受当期链主企业关键核心技术突破水平的影响,又通过影响期刊的学术影响力来间接影响链主企业基础研究水平 ⑬(⑬第一阶段的F统计值大于经验法则建议的10,且Cragg-Donald Wald F statistic大于Stock-Yogo弱工具变量识别F检验下10%显著性水平上的临界值,这表示本文的工具变量不存在弱工具变量问题。同时,Kleibergen-Paap rk LM统计量在1%的水平上显著,拒绝工具变量识别不足的原假设。)。研究结果与基准回归结果保持一致(见表4)。
(2)Heckman两阶段法。参考已有研究[5],选择链员企业经调整后前3年的平均销售额(CMlnmean3_income)作为解释变量进行回归,将第一阶段得到的IMR放入模型(1)中作为第二阶段的回归方程。在修正后的模型中,上游链主企业的基础研究的回归系数依然显著为正,与基准回归结果保持一致(见表5)。
本文进行了一系列稳健性检验 ⑭(⑭详细的稳健性检验结果省略,备索。),包括:(1)替换被解释变量。参考已有研究[26],采用链员企业t+1年在关键核心技术领域申请的发明专利数量加1的自然对数。(2)替换解释变量。参考已有研究[29],本文用链主企业过去3年(t-3到t-1)发表在基础研究领域的英文论文数加1的自然对数。(3)增加控制变量。参考已有研究[8],在模型(1)中进一步增加对链员企业上一期关键核心技术突破水平的控制。(4)更换聚类。参考已有研究[1],将聚类层级进一步调整到城市-时间维度。(5)排除竞争性假说。参考已有研究[5],进一步剔除链主企业与链员企业属于同一行业,以及位于同一城市的样本进行回归。采取以上方法后,回归结果均保持稳健。
为验证上游链主-链员企业的赋能机制,参考肖红军等[9]做法,采用两步法进行机制检验。首先,参考胡志亮等[30]研究,采用链员企业年报中包含创新关键词句子占年报总句子的比例并乘以1000来衡量其创新意愿(CMporpinnova)。其次,参考已有研究[8],采用链员企业的专利引用数量(CMpatcitedtotal)刻画其创新资源的获取。最后,参考肖红军等[9]做法,采用链主企业—链员企业之间的创新耦合度值来测量产业链供应链结构 ⑮(⑮详细的计算省略,备索。)。机制检验结果分别如表6列(1)、(2)、(3)所示:上游链主企业s基础研究水平的提升,增强了链员企业的创新意愿,丰富了链员企业获取的创新资源,优化了整体产业链供应链结构,从而一定程度上破解了链员企业“不愿”和“不能”的障碍,促进链员企业关键核心技术的突破。
根据理论分析,上下游链主企业的垄断能力会影响上下游链主企业基础研究在产业链供应链上的溢出效果。参考已有研究[31],本文采用勒纳指数测度链主企业的垄断能力(COlerner)。勒纳指数越大,代表企业在行业内的定价能力越强,企业垄断地位越高。表7显示上游链主企业的勒纳指数均值显著高于下游链主企业勒纳指数均值,说明上游链主企业更有可能是垄断企业,下游链主企业更有可能是竞争性企业。
本文进一步使用链主企业的垄断能力COlerner进行调节机制分析,考察上下游链主企业的垄断能力是否对赋能效应产生影响。表8列(1)和列(2)的交互项(lnCObasic×COlerner)的系数显著为正,可以得出链主企业的垄断能力越强,会增强链主企业基础研究对链员企业关键核心技术突破影响的结论。此外,本文也采用基于会计法则测算得到的企业加成率(Mk) ⑯(⑯ 详细测算省略,备索。)来代表企业垄断能力的高低,表8列(4)的交互项(lnCObasic×Mk)的系数显著为正 ⑰(⑰表8列(3的交互项(lnCObasic × Mk)的系数为正,但不显著,可能是遗漏了重要控制变量。在加入控制变量之后,表8列(4)的交互项(lnCObasic × Mk)的系数显著为正。),表明结论具有稳健性。
本研究进一步从链员企业产权性质、所处行业竞争程度及所在地区人力资本水平等特征,以及链主-链员间地理、技术及组织距离等多个维度展开异质性分析。结果 ⑱(⑱异质性的分析结果省略,备索。)表明:当企业实际控制人为非国有时,链员企业在上游链主企业的带动下更能实现关键核心技术突破,这可能是由于非国有链员企业具有更强的吸收能力[32];当链员企业所处行业竞争程度更高时,上游链主企业对链员企业关键核心技术突破的作用更为显著,这可能是由于外部市场竞争压力能“倒逼”企业具有更强的创新动力,以技术突破来获取更有利的市场地位;而当链员企业处于地区人力资本水平较低时,上游链主企业的促进作用更为显著,这可能是因为当地区人力资本供给有限时,区域内的知识集聚和流动受阻,链员企业的关键核心技术创新更依赖于产业链“知识池”的影响;由于具有地理和技术的邻近性,上游链主企业基础研究对链员企业关键核心技术水平的促进作用在地理距离及技术距离较近的组别更明显;一个有趣的发现是,基于组织距离的分析表明,促进作用在组织距离较远(上游链主国有-链员非国有)的一组最明显,可能的原因是:当上游链主企业为国有企业时,其具备的强烈政治使命及其国有背景下可获取的资源优势,使其更有效赋能链员企业;而当链员企业为非国有企业时,其资源的缺乏和市场敏感度会促使其更关注市场上优势企业的活动、加之其更强的吸收能力[32],共同推动了非国有链员企业更好地承接上游国有链主企业的赋能作用。
本文以赋能理论为基础构建理论分析框架,并首次开发构建链主-链员企业数据库,剖析上下游链主企业基础研究对链员企业关键核心技术突破的影响效应及机制。研究发现:(1)上游链主企业基础研究对链员企业关键核心技术突破存在显著的正向影响,而下游链主-链员企业间不存在此类效应,初步验证是由于下游链主企业的垄断能力较弱所造成的。(2)机制检验表明,上游链主企业基础研究可以通过心理赋能、资源赋能和结构赋能效应三条路径来推动链员企业关键核心技术突破。(3)异质性分析发现,当链员企业为非国有、所处行业竞争程度更高、所处地区人力资本水平较低时,影响效应更为显著;而当上游链主与链员企业间的地理距离、技术距离较近,而组织距离较远(特别是上游链主国有—下游链员为非国有)时,促进效应更为显著。
本文研究贡献体现在:首先,将溢出效应的主客体拓展至以产业链地位划分的链主—链员企业,拓展了产业链供应链溢出效应的研究对象。其次,通过大样本实证检验,发现上下游链主企业基础研究沿产业链供应链的差异化溢出效果,为链主企业在创新领域能否牵引链员企业发展提供了新的经验证据。再次,以赋能理论为指导,打开了链主企业基础研究溢出效应产生的内在“黑箱”,同时也拓展了赋能理论的应用场景。最后,本文还首次构建了识别链主及链员企业的方法,可为后续研究提供较为精准可行的识别和判定依据。
本文的研究结论对于如何推动产业链供应链上关键核心技术整体突破、打造自主可控的产业链供应链具有以下建议和启示:
第一,构建、完善促进链主企业开展基础研究的相关支撑条件,“以点带面”通过链主企业链接、赋能更多链员企业,推动产业链供应链关键核心技术的整体突破。这不仅需要提供直接的资金、项目及人才支持,也包括促进产业生态的构建,例如为链主企业基础研究提供丰富应用场景、建立产业链创新利益共享机制等,多措并举为链主企业开展基础研究夯实支撑条件。
第二,采取有效举措形成与链主牵引作用的协同,合力破解链员企业关键核心技术突破中所面临的“不愿”“不能”困境。例如,通过政策、规划引导来指明研发方向,提升链员企业关键核心技术突破意愿;通过技术创新公共服务平台等机构的搭建提升企业的创新能力等,通过以上举措形成与链主企业牵引作用的“叠加”效应,共同发力破解障碍,形成链员企业“愿突破、敢突破、能突破”的发展态势。
第三,依据链员企业特征、链主-链员企业间关系的特征,有重点、分类别采取不同举措,以更有效发挥链主企业基础研究在产业链供应链上的溢出作用。在溢出效应最为显著的链主-链员企业间,可以树立典型标杆在行业内进行推广,起到示范带动作用;发挥好国有链主企业在产业链供应链关键核心技术突破中的牵引作用;而对于溢出效应不显著的链主-链员企业组,则需要根据溢出效应可能的“堵点”,精准施策进行靶向破解。
本文在以下方面有待进一步研究:第一,未来可以扩大行业样本开展研究,以验证本研究结论的适用范围。第二,对链主企业在产业链供应链上可能发挥的创新牵引作用展开更为细致深入的研究。通过以上拓展,进一步加深对链主企业赋能作用实现条件及内在机制的理解。
  • 国家社会科学基金一般项目(25BKX012)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30708)
  • 中南大学高端智库项目(2021znzk04)
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  • 接收时间:2025-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-17
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21
  • 修回日期:2025-10-13
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(25BKX012)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30708)
中南大学高端智库项目(2021znzk04)
作者信息
    1 中南大学商学院, 湖南长沙 410083
    2 南京理工大学公共事务学院, 江苏南京 210094

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耿红军(1990-),男,副教授,博士,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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