Article(id=1318316549161730149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1318316496934261092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747584000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-19, revisedDate=1751385600000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792240758456, onlineDateStr=2026-10-17, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792240758456, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792240758456, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792240758456, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1318316496934261092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792240746004, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792240746004, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1361, endPage=1373, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1318316551267270758, articleId=1318316549161730149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=The impact of computing infrastructure on the future industrial innovation network of cities, columnId=1309226307205034609, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Hot Issues, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The future industry is driven by breakthrough technological innovation as its core driving force, and its development combines multiple characteristics such as strategic leadership, industrial disruption, and technological route uncertainty. The layout of such industries not only helps to grasp the initiative of the global technological revolution, but also serves as a key path to reconstruct the competitive advantage of the industry. With the deepening development of artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing technology, computing power resources are gradually replacing traditional production factors and becoming an important driving force for future industrial innovation. This article calculates the future industrial innovation network based on cooperative patents in 285 cities from 2011 to 2021, and measures urban computing infrastructure through the construction of supercomputing centers. The impact mechanism and effect of supercomputing center construction on urban future industrial joint innovation are tested through a difference in differences model. The following conclusions are reached: (1) The construction of supercomputing centers can positively promote the enhancement of the strength of future industrial innovation networks, and this conclusion has been tested through robustness methods such as adjusting regression samples, adjusting model settings, using dual machine learning models, and endogeneity tests, indicating that the empowerment of computing infrastructure can promote the development of future industrial innovation networks. At the same time, computing infrastructure mainly strengthens the external innovation network connection of cities, and its innovation network reconstruction function is more reflected in the external connection level that breaks through administrative boundaries, but it has limited innovation synergy effects among innovation subjects within cities. (2) The computing infrastructure mainly affects the future development of industrial innovation networks through mechanisms such as knowledge innovation linkage, innovation factor adsorption, and innovation boundary expansion. Computing infrastructure helps to strengthen knowledge cooperation links in the innovation chain, promote the flow and aggregation of urban innovation resources, expand technological boundaries, and thus promote the improvement of future industrial innovation network levels. It is worth noting that the policy combination formed by the construction of computing infrastructure, the optimization of innovation ecology policies, and the smooth flow of data elements can generate positive synergies, further promoting the development of future industrial innovation networks. (3) Heterogeneity testing reveals that in the central and western regions, regions with higher levels of market integration and information costs, the construction of computing infrastructure has a more significant impact on the strength of future industrial innovation network connections. The construction of computing infrastructure has positively promoted the centrality of innovation network nodes, while its negative impact is close to centrality, indicating that it is promoting the formation of an unbalanced development pattern in the future industrial innovation network of cities. The results of the spatial double difference model show that the construction of supercomputing centers promotes the enhancement of collaborative innovation capabilities in neighboring cities through spatial spillover effects, and the spillover effects become stronger with increasing distance. Based on the above conclusions, this article has the following policy implications. The first is that the government should optimize the layout of computing infrastructure and promote the deepening of urban innovation networks. The second is that the government should form a diversified policy combination, creating a synergistic effect between computing power and innovation ecology. Thirdly, the government needs to promote the construction of computing infrastructure according to local conditions and narrow the regional innovation gap.

, authors=Jian-ping ZHOU1, 2, Ye-wen ZHAO1, 2, Wei-xiang XU1, 2, authorsList=Jian-ping ZHOU, Ye-wen ZHAO, Wei-xiang XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1318316552571699313, articleId=1318316549161730149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=算力基础设施对城市未来产业创新网络的影响, columnId=1309226307364418163, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=热点议题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文基于2011-2021年285个城市的合作专利数据测算未来产业创新网络,并通过超算中心建设衡量城市算力基础设施,然后利用双重差分模型检验超算中心建设对城市未来产业联合创新格局的影响。研究结论如下:(1)超算中心建设能显著提升未来产业创新网络的关联强度,且该结论通过了多种稳健性检验,验证了算力基础设施能够推动创新网络的发展。(2)算力基础设施通过知识创新关联、创新要素吸附和创新边界扩展等机制影响创新网络形成。而且算力基础设施与创新生态优化、数据要素畅通政策的组合产生了协同效应,进一步推动了创新网络的发展。(3)异质性检验表明,在中西部地区、市场一体化较高和信息成本较高的区域,算力基础设施建设对创新网络的作用更加显著。同时,算力基础设施建设具有空间溢出效应,促进了邻近城市的协同创新能力提升,且溢出效应随着距离的增加而增强。

, authors=周建平1, 2, 赵烨雯1, 2, 徐维祥1, 2, authorsList=周建平, 赵烨雯, 徐维祥, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

周建平(1995-),男,助理研究员,博士,E-mail: 。

赵烨雯(2001-),女,硕士研究生。

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徐维祥(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师。
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周建平(1995-),男,助理研究员,博士,E-mail: 。

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周建平(1995-),男,助理研究员,博士,E-mail: 。

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赵烨雯(2001-),女,硕士研究生。

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赵烨雯(2001-),女,硕士研究生。

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Future industries: Policy diffusion and path selection[J]. Social Sciences Front, 2024(5): 63-75, 294., articleTitle=Future industries: Policy diffusion and path selection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316557063798961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=10.1088/2515-7620/acfa65, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=5, issue=9, pageStart=095015, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Yang H, Wang G, journalName=Environmental Research Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang H, Wang G. The impact of computing infrastructure on carbon emissions: An empirical study based on China national supercomputing center[J]. Environmental Research Communications, 2023, 5(9): 095015., articleTitle=The impact of computing infrastructure on carbon emissions: An empirical study based on China national supercomputing center, refAbstract=\n Digitalization is viewed as a potential solution to environmental sustainability issues. However, existing researches suggest that the environmental impact of digital technology is uncertain. This study focuses on the National Supercomputing Center (NSC) in China, a large-scale computing infrastructure, and expands the correlation between digital infrastructure and green development from a computing perspective. Based on the synthetic control method, we select non-supercomputing cities as the control group and assign appropriate weighting. Through the fitting of a synthetic control group (refer to as the synthetic city) with similar characteristics, the analysis is conducted to compare carbon emissions (CO\n 2\n emission) between NSC city and the synthetic city. The empirical results show that the NSC may worsen regional CO\n 2\n emissions, and this result still holds true after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism examinations show that the NSC does not exhibit significant composition effect (energy structure improvement) and technology effect (green technology innovation), while scale effect (increase in energy demand and consumption) dominate the NSC’s carbon emissions. Based on these findings, we consider that in addition to improving the energy efficiency of supercomputing centers, the adoption of cleaner renewable energy and the promotion of knowledge spillovers are crucial for achieving a green transformation for computing infrastructure.\n), Reference(id=1318316557143490738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=10.1016/j.frl.2024.105496, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=65, issue=null, pageStart=105496, pageEnd=null, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1544612324005269, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Cheng H, Ruan P, Wang P, journalName=Finance Research Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng H, Ruan P, Wang P. The impact of surging computing power on enterprise digital transformation-Based on quasi-natural experiments set up by the National Supercomputing Center[J]. 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Management Science, 2012, 58(8): 1549-1568., articleTitle=From wires to partners: How the internet has fostered R&D collaborations within firms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316560993861835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=10.1002/smj.v31:3, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=306, pageEnd=333, url=https://sms.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/10970266/31/3, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Adner R, Kapoor R, journalName=Strategic Management Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Adner R, Kapoor R. Value creation in innovation ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2010, 31(3): 306-333., articleTitle=Value creation in innovation ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316561073553612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=43, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=29, authorNames=郑江淮, 师磊, journalName=中国工业经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑江淮, 师磊. 本地化创新能力、区域创新高地与产业地理梯度演化路径[J]. 中国工业经济, 2023(5): 43-60., articleTitle=本地化创新能力、区域创新高地与产业地理梯度演化路径, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316561132273869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=43, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Zheng J H, Shi L, journalName=China Industrial Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng J H, Shi L. Local innovation ability, regional innovation highland and gradient evolution of industrial geography[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2023(5): 43-60., articleTitle=Local innovation ability, regional innovation highland and gradient evolution of industrial geography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316562772246734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=10.1017/S0022050707000058, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=67, issue=1, pageStart=128, pageEnd=159, url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022050707000058/type/journal_article, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Nordhaus W D, journalName=The Journal of Economic History, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nordhaus W D. Two centuries of productivity growth in computing[J]. The Journal of Economic History, 2007, 67(1): 128-159., articleTitle=Two centuries of productivity growth in computing, refAbstract=The present study analyzes computer performance over the last century and a half. Three results stand out. First, there has been a phenomenal increase in computer power over the twentieth century. Depending upon the standard used, computer performance has improved since manual computing by a factor between 1.7 trillion and 76 trillion. Second, there was a major break in the trend around World War II. Third, this study develops estimates of the growth in computer power relying on performance rather than components; the price declines using performance-based measures are markedly larger than those reported in the official statistics.), Reference(id=1318316562860327119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=170, pageEnd=188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=32, authorNames=许晖, 王泽鹏, 杨金东, journalName=中国工业经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许晖, 王泽鹏, 杨金东. 从人机冲突走向人机融合:知识编排视角下制造型企业的人机关系重塑[J]. 中国工业经济, 2024(4): 170-188., articleTitle=从人机冲突走向人机融合:知识编排视角下制造型企业的人机关系重塑, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316562940018896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=170, pageEnd=188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Xu H, Wang Z P, Yang J D, journalName=China Industrial Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu H, Wang Z P, Yang J D. From human-machine conflict to human-machine integration: The remodeling of human-machine relationship in manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of knowledge orchestration[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2024(4): 170-188., articleTitle=From human-machine conflict to human-machine integration: The remodeling of human-machine relationship in manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of knowledge orchestration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563002933457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=12, pageStart=11, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=34, authorNames=马永红, 赵丹, 倪惠莉, journalName=科研管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马永红, 赵丹, 倪惠莉. 创新开放度对企业创新边界的影响研究——基于网络聚合度的调节作用[J]. 科研管理, 2024, 45(12): 11-18., articleTitle=创新开放度对企业创新边界的影响研究——基于网络聚合度的调节作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563078430930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=12, pageStart=11, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Ma Y H, Zhao D, Ni H L, journalName=Science Research Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma Y H, Zhao D, Ni H L. A study on the impact of innovation openness on enterprise innovation boundary: The moderating effect based on network aggregation[J]. Science Research Management, 2024, 45(12): 11-18., articleTitle=A study on the impact of innovation openness on enterprise innovation boundary: The moderating effect based on network aggregation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563153928403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121598, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=178, issue=null, pageStart=121598, pageEnd=null, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040162522001305, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Füller J, Hutter K, Wahl J, journalName=Technological Forecasting and Social Change, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Füller J, Hutter K, Wahl J, et al. How AI revolutionizes innovation management - Perceptions and implementation preferences of AI-based innovators[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2022, 178: 121598., articleTitle=How AI revolutionizes innovation management - Perceptions and implementation preferences of AI-based innovators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563212648660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=57, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=37, authorNames=沈坤荣, 林剑威, 傅元海, journalName=中国工业经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈坤荣, 林剑威, 傅元海. 网络基础设施建设、信息可得性与企业创新边界[J]. 中国工业经济, 2023(1): 57-75., articleTitle=网络基础设施建设、信息可得性与企业创新边界, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563288146133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=57, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Shen K R, Lin J W, Fu Y H, journalName=China Industrial Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen K R, Lin J W, Fu Y H. Network infrastructure construction, information accessibility and the innovation boundaries of enterprises[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2023(1): 57-75., articleTitle=Network infrastructure construction, information accessibility and the innovation boundaries of enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563359449302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=178, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=39, authorNames=田利辉, 李政, 施炳展, journalName=世界经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田利辉, 李政, 施炳展. 企业上云对其创新的影响:数据要素化的视角[J]. 世界经济, 2025(1): 178-210., articleTitle=企业上云对其创新的影响:数据要素化的视角, refAbstract=企业上云为充分利用数据资源提供基础支撑平台,推动了创新知识生产、储存和传播方式的变革,已成为实现数据生产要素化的重要方式。本文利用Pyhton搜索结合手工整理方式收集了中国A股上市公司的企业上云信息,并基于多期双重差分法考察企业上云对其创新的影响。研究发现,企业上云能显著增加其研发投入和专利产出。机制分析表明,其一,知识积累效应促进数据要素转化为创新知识,进而驱动创新;其二,迭代创新效应重构创新试错实验过程,加速创新知识的更迭创造;其三,研发分权效应提高研发决策权和创新知识的匹配度,从而激励创新。进一步发现,企业上云促使创新结构向高质量演进,扩大了创新的组织边界和技术边界,并强化了专利产出的创造性破坏效应。本文研究为深入推进&#x0201c;上云用数赋智&#x0201d;战略、建设以新质生产力为驱动的现代化经济体系提供了重要参考。), Reference(id=1318316563426558167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=178, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Tian L H, Li Z, Shi B Z, journalName=The Journal of World Economy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tian L H, Li Z, Shi B Z. Cloud adoption and corporate innovation: Insights from data as a factor of production[J]. The Journal of World Economy, 2025(1): 178-210., articleTitle=Cloud adoption and corporate innovation: Insights from data as a factor of production, refAbstract=Cloud computing is a fundamental platform for the efficient use of data resources, significantly transforming the generation, storage and dissemination of innovative knowledge. The adoption of cloud technologies has become a crucial element allowing firms to take advantage of data production factors. This study compiles a distinctive dataset on cloud adoption among Chinese A-share listed firms, exploring the impact of this adoption on innovation at the corporate level. The findings reveal a significant improvement in corporates' innovation capabilities following their adoption to the cloud, as evidenced by increased investment in research and development (R&amp;D) and heightened patent output. Three underlying mechanisms that drive these results are highlighted, as follows. (i) Cloud adoption facilitates the conversion of data production factors into innovative ideas through the knowledge accumulation effect, thus fostering innovation. (ii) Cloud adoption supports the reconstruction of the innovation process, promoting iterative experimentation and accelerating the generation of knowledge transformations. Consequently, this reduces R&amp;D uncertainties and shortens the innovation cycle. (iii) Cloud adoption enhances the alignment between R&amp;D decision-making authority and specific innovation knowledge through the decentralisation effect, thereby facilitating decentralised innovation and stimulating the overall innovation landscape. The study also reveals that cloud adoption facilitates the advancement of innovation structures, expands organisational and geographical boundaries, augments the innovation rent, and reinforces the creative destruction effect in patent output. These findings offer valuable insights into policies aimed at advancing the “cloud adoption and data-driven intelligence” strategy and establishing a modern economic system powered by new high-quality productivity.<br>From a theoretical standpoint, this paper examines corporate cloud adoption through the lens of technological innovation theory based on knowledge accumulation, applying it to the field of cutting-edge digital technologies represented by cloud computing. This approach deepens our understanding of the theoretical mechanisms by which cloud computing affects innovation activities at the micro level. From a practical standpoint, the paper provides an in-depth analysis of cloud adoption as a key digital transformation pathway. The conclusions drawn help to some extent bridge the gap between academic research and practical application, enhancing the value of the research findings in guiding corporate digital decision-making. <br>The following policy recommendations are put forward in this paper: (i) The establishment of cloud platform-based mechanisms for data development and utilisation should be encouraged to facilitate corporations' engagement in cloud-based innovation. (ii) Corporations should be supported in developing cloud-based platforms for co-creation and resource sharing, which will foster the evolution of innovation models towards greater collaboration and openness. (iii) Cloud service providers should be encouraged to develop customised cloud services tailored to specific industries or corporations, formulate differentiated cloud computing development roadmaps, and guide them in creating products and services that align with industry characteristics and corporate needs.), Reference(id=1318316563518832856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=21, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Chernozhukov V, Chetverikov D, Demirer M, journalName=The Econometrics Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chernozhukov V, Chetverikov D, Demirer M, et al. Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters[J]. The Econometrics Journal, 2018, 21(1): C1-C68., articleTitle=Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563606913241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.03.014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=225, issue=2, pageStart=254, pageEnd=277, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304407621001445, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Goodman-Bacon A, journalName=Journal of Econometrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goodman-Bacon A. Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing[J]. Journal of Econometrics, 2021, 225(2): 254-277., articleTitle=Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563674022106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=10.1016/j.spc.2023.07.030, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=null, pageStart=88, pageEnd=106, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352550923001860, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Liu L, Chen M, Wang H, journalName=Sustainable Production and Consumption, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu L, Chen M, Wang H, et al. How does the Chinese pilot policy on information consumption affect carbon emissions?[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2023, 41: 88-106., articleTitle=How does the Chinese pilot policy on information consumption affect carbon emissions?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563753713883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=13, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=44, authorNames=吕冰洋, 贺颖, journalName=经济理论与经济管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕冰洋, 贺颖. 迈向统一市场:基于城市数据对中国商品市场分割的测算与分析[J]. 经济理论与经济管理, 2020(4): 13-25., articleTitle=迈向统一市场:基于城市数据对中国商品市场分割的测算与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316563850182876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=13, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Lv B Y, He Y, journalName=Economic Theory and Business Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lv B Y, He Y. On the trend of regional market integration: Measurement and analysis on Chinese commodity market segmentation based on city data[J]. Economic Theory and Business Management, 2020(4): 13-25., articleTitle=On the trend of regional market integration: Measurement and analysis on Chinese commodity market segmentation based on city data, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1318316556677922988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, awardId=24FJYB075, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学后期资助项目(24FJYB075), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1318316556753420461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, awardId=22LLXC11YB, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省哲学社会科学规划(22LLXC11YB), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1318316556828917934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, awardId=2025C35065, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省软科学研究计划项目(2025C35065), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1318316552848523378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Spillover effects of computing infrastructure on future industrial innovation networks, figureFileSmall=Xs8vNXvGv31hT4y0Rwom/w==, figureFileBig=2AVUFfRVkOMdmXkhOaMD2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1318316555239276699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=CN, label=图5, caption=算力基础设施对未来产业创新网络影响的溢出效应, figureFileSmall=Xs8vNXvGv31hT4y0Rwom/w==, figureFileBig=2AVUFfRVkOMdmXkhOaMD2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1318316555306385564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Benchmark regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
变量 创新网络关联强度 城市内部创新网络关联强度 跨城市创新网络关联强度
Superc 0.071*** 0.064*** 0.008 0.008 0.063*** 0.056***
(0.016) (0.016) (0.005) (0.005) (0.014) (0.014)
lnGDP 0.014** 0.003 0.012**
(0.006) (0.003) (0.005)
lnFAI -0.007*** -0.000 -0.007***
(0.001) (0.000) (0.001)
lnFEL 0.006 0.005** 0.001
(0.004) (0.002) (0.005)
lnFDL -0.022*** -0.003* -0.020***
(0.005) (0.001) (0.005)
lnIEC -0.017*** 0.000 -0.017***
(0.004) (0.002) (0.004)
Constant 0.017*** 0.093** 0.004*** -0.029 0.014*** 0.122***
(0.001) (0.046) (0.000) (0.021) (0.001) (0.035)
Observations 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.831 0.833 0.679 0.679 0.754 0.758
City FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316555436408989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
变量 创新网络关联强度 城市内部创新网络关联强度 跨城市创新网络关联强度
Superc 0.071*** 0.064*** 0.008 0.008 0.063*** 0.056***
(0.016) (0.016) (0.005) (0.005) (0.014) (0.014)
lnGDP 0.014** 0.003 0.012**
(0.006) (0.003) (0.005)
lnFAI -0.007*** -0.000 -0.007***
(0.001) (0.000) (0.001)
lnFEL 0.006 0.005** 0.001
(0.004) (0.002) (0.005)
lnFDL -0.022*** -0.003* -0.020***
(0.005) (0.001) (0.005)
lnIEC -0.017*** 0.000 -0.017***
(0.004) (0.002) (0.004)
Constant 0.017*** 0.093** 0.004*** -0.029 0.014*** 0.122***
(0.001) (0.046) (0.000) (0.021) (0.001) (0.035)
Observations 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.831 0.833 0.679 0.679 0.754 0.758
City FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316555528683678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of robustness test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
变量 剔除大型城市 缩尾处理 省份固定效应 调整省份
聚类标准误
调整省份-年份
聚类标准误
双重机器学习
Superc 0.072*** 0.068*** 0.064*** 0.064** 0.064*** 0.075***
(0.016) (0.015) (0.016) (0.028) (0.017) (0.016)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
Constant 0.082** 0.101*** 0.093** 0.093* 0.093*** -0.000
(0.039) (0.024) (0.046) (0.051) (0.035) (0.001)
Observations 3,091 2,902 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.825 0.807 0.833 0.833 0.833
City FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Province FE NO NO YES NO NO NO
机器学习方法 Lassocv
), ArticleFig(id=1318316555604181151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

稳健性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
变量 剔除大型城市 缩尾处理 省份固定效应 调整省份
聚类标准误
调整省份-年份
聚类标准误
双重机器学习
Superc 0.072*** 0.068*** 0.064*** 0.064** 0.064*** 0.075***
(0.016) (0.015) (0.016) (0.028) (0.017) (0.016)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
Constant 0.082** 0.101*** 0.093** 0.093* 0.093*** -0.000
(0.039) (0.024) (0.046) (0.051) (0.035) (0.001)
Observations 3,091 2,902 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.825 0.807 0.833 0.833 0.833
City FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Province FE NO NO YES NO NO NO
机器学习方法 Lassocv
), ArticleFig(id=1318316555692261536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of endogeneity test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2)
变量 第一阶段 第二阶段
Superc 1.247***
(0.348)
IV -0.023***
(0.006)
控制变量 控制 控制
Kleibergen-Paap rk 17.345
LM统计量 [0.000]
Kleibergen-Paap rk 26.159
Wald F统计量 [16.38]
Observations 3,135 3,135
City FE YES YES
Year FE YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316555767759009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

内生性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2)
变量 第一阶段 第二阶段
Superc 1.247***
(0.348)
IV -0.023***
(0.006)
控制变量 控制 控制
Kleibergen-Paap rk 17.345
LM统计量 [0.000]
Kleibergen-Paap rk 26.159
Wald F统计量 [16.38]
Observations 3,135 3,135
City FE YES YES
Year FE YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316555834867874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Bacon decomposition results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
双重差分的分组类型 估计量 权重
先处理组vs后处理组 0.095 0.003
后处理组vs先处理组 0.106 0.001
处理组vs从未处理组 0.070 0.977
处理组vs一直处理组 0.003 0.008
), ArticleFig(id=1318316555931336867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Bacon分解结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
双重差分的分组类型 估计量 权重
先处理组vs后处理组 0.095 0.003
后处理组vs先处理组 0.106 0.001
处理组vs从未处理组 0.070 0.977
处理组vs一直处理组 0.003 0.008
), ArticleFig(id=1318316556006834340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of transmission mechanism test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
变量 知识创新关联 知识创新关联 创新要素吸附 创新要素吸附 创新边界拓展 创新边界拓展
Superc 0.356*** 0.309*** 0.141** 0.108* -0.084*** -0.067***
(0.115) (0.114) (0.063) (0.064) (0.009) (0.008)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
Constant 0.226*** 0.161 -0.563*** 1.090** -0.111*** -0.716***
(0.006) (0.422) (0.006) (0.545) (0.002) (0.189)
Observations 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.831 0.836 0.798 0.799 0.495 0.501
City FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316556082331813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

传导机制检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
变量 知识创新关联 知识创新关联 创新要素吸附 创新要素吸附 创新边界拓展 创新边界拓展
Superc 0.356*** 0.309*** 0.141** 0.108* -0.084*** -0.067***
(0.115) (0.114) (0.063) (0.064) (0.009) (0.008)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
Constant 0.226*** 0.161 -0.563*** 1.090** -0.111*** -0.716***
(0.006) (0.422) (0.006) (0.545) (0.002) (0.189)
Observations 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.831 0.836 0.798 0.799 0.495 0.501
City FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316556162023590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of policy combination effect test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4)
变量 数据要素畅通 创新生态优化
政府公共数据开放平台 城市数据交易平台设立 创新型城市试点建设 知识产权示范城市试点
Superc×PDOP 0.064***
(0.016)
Superc×UDTP 0.061***
(0.016)
Superc×PCIC 0.072***
(0.015)
Superc×IPP 0.055**
(0.026)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制
Constant 0.093** 0.094** 0.054 0.090**
(0.046) (0.046) (0.046) (0.046)
Observations 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.833 0.833 0.834 0.832
City FE YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316556237521063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

政策组合作用检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4)
变量 数据要素畅通 创新生态优化
政府公共数据开放平台 城市数据交易平台设立 创新型城市试点建设 知识产权示范城市试点
Superc×PDOP 0.064***
(0.016)
Superc×UDTP 0.061***
(0.016)
Superc×PCIC 0.072***
(0.015)
Superc×IPP 0.055**
(0.026)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制
Constant 0.093** 0.094** 0.054 0.090**
(0.046) (0.046) (0.046) (0.046)
Observations 3,135 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.833 0.833 0.834 0.832
City FE YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316556308824232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Heterogeneity test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
变量 东部 中部 西部 市场一体化高 市场一体化低 信息成本低 信息成本高
Superc 0.030 0.042*** 0.180*** 0.067*** 0.060** 0.048** 0.055***
(0.020) (0.009) (0.033) (0.022) (0.025) (0.020) (0.001)
Constant 0.150 0.008 0.059*** 0.097 0.102*** -0.051 0.009**
(0.182) (0.025) (0.022) (0.088) (0.028) (0.139) (0.004)
Observations 1,100 1,100 935 1,692 1,436 1,566 1,553
R-squared 0.838 0.748 0.812 0.834 0.939 0.837 0.942
City FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316556392710313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

异质性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
变量 东部 中部 西部 市场一体化高 市场一体化低 信息成本低 信息成本高
Superc 0.030 0.042*** 0.180*** 0.067*** 0.060** 0.048** 0.055***
(0.020) (0.009) (0.033) (0.022) (0.025) (0.020) (0.001)
Constant 0.150 0.008 0.059*** 0.097 0.102*** -0.051 0.009**
(0.182) (0.025) (0.022) (0.088) (0.028) (0.139) (0.004)
Observations 1,100 1,100 935 1,692 1,436 1,566 1,553
R-squared 0.838 0.748 0.812 0.834 0.939 0.837 0.942
City FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316556464013482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Impact of computing infrastructure on network structure centrality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3)
变量 节点中心度 中间中心度 接近中心度
Superc 0.065*** -0.001 -0.048***
(0.010) (0.003) (0.010)
Constant 0.267*** 0.010* 0.120
(0.033) (0.006) (0.183)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制
Observations 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.930 0.918 0.594
City FE YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1318316556556288171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316549161730149, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

算力基础设施对网络结构中心度的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3)
变量 节点中心度 中间中心度 接近中心度
Superc 0.065*** -0.001 -0.048***
(0.010) (0.003) (0.010)
Constant 0.267*** 0.010* 0.120
(0.033) (0.006) (0.183)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制
Observations 3,135 3,135 3,135
R-squared 0.930 0.918 0.594
City FE YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES
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算力基础设施对城市未来产业创新网络的影响
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周建平 1, 2 , 赵烨雯 1, 2 , 徐维祥 1, 2
科学学研究 | 热点议题 2026,44(7): 1361-1373
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科学学研究 |热点议题 2026 , 44 (7) : 1361 -1373
算力基础设施对城市未来产业创新网络的影响
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周建平1, 2 , 赵烨雯1, 2, 徐维祥1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 浙江工业大学经济学院, 浙江杭州 310023
  • 2 浙江工业大学现代化产业体系研究院, 浙江杭州 310023
通讯作者:
徐维祥(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师。
作者简介:

周建平(1995-),男,助理研究员,博士,E-mail: 。

赵烨雯(2001-),女,硕士研究生。

The impact of computing infrastructure on the future industrial innovation network of cities
Jian-ping ZHOU1, 2 , Ye-wen ZHAO1, 2, Wei-xiang XU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
  • 2 Institute for Industrial System Modernization, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15
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本文基于2011-2021年285个城市的合作专利数据测算未来产业创新网络,并通过超算中心建设衡量城市算力基础设施,然后利用双重差分模型检验超算中心建设对城市未来产业联合创新格局的影响。研究结论如下:(1)超算中心建设能显著提升未来产业创新网络的关联强度,且该结论通过了多种稳健性检验,验证了算力基础设施能够推动创新网络的发展。(2)算力基础设施通过知识创新关联、创新要素吸附和创新边界扩展等机制影响创新网络形成。而且算力基础设施与创新生态优化、数据要素畅通政策的组合产生了协同效应,进一步推动了创新网络的发展。(3)异质性检验表明,在中西部地区、市场一体化较高和信息成本较高的区域,算力基础设施建设对创新网络的作用更加显著。同时,算力基础设施建设具有空间溢出效应,促进了邻近城市的协同创新能力提升,且溢出效应随着距离的增加而增强。

算力基础设施  /  未来产业创新网络  /  超算中心建设  /  双重差分模型

The future industry is driven by breakthrough technological innovation as its core driving force, and its development combines multiple characteristics such as strategic leadership, industrial disruption, and technological route uncertainty. The layout of such industries not only helps to grasp the initiative of the global technological revolution, but also serves as a key path to reconstruct the competitive advantage of the industry. With the deepening development of artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing technology, computing power resources are gradually replacing traditional production factors and becoming an important driving force for future industrial innovation. This article calculates the future industrial innovation network based on cooperative patents in 285 cities from 2011 to 2021, and measures urban computing infrastructure through the construction of supercomputing centers. The impact mechanism and effect of supercomputing center construction on urban future industrial joint innovation are tested through a difference in differences model. The following conclusions are reached: (1) The construction of supercomputing centers can positively promote the enhancement of the strength of future industrial innovation networks, and this conclusion has been tested through robustness methods such as adjusting regression samples, adjusting model settings, using dual machine learning models, and endogeneity tests, indicating that the empowerment of computing infrastructure can promote the development of future industrial innovation networks. At the same time, computing infrastructure mainly strengthens the external innovation network connection of cities, and its innovation network reconstruction function is more reflected in the external connection level that breaks through administrative boundaries, but it has limited innovation synergy effects among innovation subjects within cities. (2) The computing infrastructure mainly affects the future development of industrial innovation networks through mechanisms such as knowledge innovation linkage, innovation factor adsorption, and innovation boundary expansion. Computing infrastructure helps to strengthen knowledge cooperation links in the innovation chain, promote the flow and aggregation of urban innovation resources, expand technological boundaries, and thus promote the improvement of future industrial innovation network levels. It is worth noting that the policy combination formed by the construction of computing infrastructure, the optimization of innovation ecology policies, and the smooth flow of data elements can generate positive synergies, further promoting the development of future industrial innovation networks. (3) Heterogeneity testing reveals that in the central and western regions, regions with higher levels of market integration and information costs, the construction of computing infrastructure has a more significant impact on the strength of future industrial innovation network connections. The construction of computing infrastructure has positively promoted the centrality of innovation network nodes, while its negative impact is close to centrality, indicating that it is promoting the formation of an unbalanced development pattern in the future industrial innovation network of cities. The results of the spatial double difference model show that the construction of supercomputing centers promotes the enhancement of collaborative innovation capabilities in neighboring cities through spatial spillover effects, and the spillover effects become stronger with increasing distance. Based on the above conclusions, this article has the following policy implications. The first is that the government should optimize the layout of computing infrastructure and promote the deepening of urban innovation networks. The second is that the government should form a diversified policy combination, creating a synergistic effect between computing power and innovation ecology. Thirdly, the government needs to promote the construction of computing infrastructure according to local conditions and narrow the regional innovation gap.

computing infrastructure  /  future industry innovation network  /  supercomputing center construction  /  difference-in-differences model
周建平, 赵烨雯, 徐维祥. 算力基础设施对城市未来产业创新网络的影响. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (7) : 1361 -1373 .
Jian-ping ZHOU, Ye-wen ZHAO, Wei-xiang XU. The impact of computing infrastructure on the future industrial innovation network of cities[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (7) : 1361 -1373 .
2024年,工信部等部门发布了《关于推动未来产业创新发展的实施意见》,旨在通过政策引领来推动未来产业创新发展。而未来产业的发展不能仅依赖于单一企业的创新,还需要产业内外的跨界协作和资源共享,形成产业创新网络,进而推动技术瓶颈突破[1]。与此同时,随着人工智能技术的深入发展,算力资源正逐步取代传统生产要素成为驱动创新的重要动能[2]。而且工业和信息化部等六部门发布了《算力基础设施高质量发展行动计划》,明确将算力基础设施定位为支撑重大科技创新和产业升级的战略性基础设施。因此,在未来产业培育的战略窗口期,探讨算力基础设施对未来产业创新网络形成的影响具有重要的现实意义。
算力基础设施的赋能效应已经受到各领域学者的关注,相关文献集中于以下几个方面:一是算力基础设施与企业发展之间关系的研究,学者聚焦于算力资源对企业数字化转型的影响[3],算力基础设施建设对企业全要素生产率的影响[4]等方面。二是算力基础设施与城市发展之间关系的研究,主要关注算力基础设施与绿色发展之间的相关性[2]。三是算力基础设施影响创新发展的研究,文献从对城市知识创新[5]、创新效率[6]的影响等角度探讨了算力基础设施的作用。
与本文相关的另一类文献是产业创新网络的研究,主要关注以下几个方面:一是产业创新网络的演化机理研究,学者发现产业创新网络的演化不仅受到技术创新的驱动,还与社会资本、知识流动及市场需求密切相关[7,8]。二是产业创新网络的互动机制及效应研究。学者主要关注网络内部不同主体之间如何通过知识流动、合作与互动产生创新效益[9,10]。三是聚焦于新兴产业创新网络研究,学者对新能源产业[11]、电子信息产业[12]及氢能产业[4]的创新网络进行了分析。但不同产业的创新网络具有差异化的特点,现有研究对未来产业创新网络的系统性分析尚有不足,还有待进一步探讨其形成机制。
本文的贡献之处在于:第一,贡献于完善未来产业创新网络的测算方法。针对未来产业创新网络的研究还较为匮乏,本文为该领域的测算提供了新的思路和方法。第二,贡献于算力基础设施对未来产业创新网络的作用识别。现有研究已关注算力基础设施的创新提升效应[5],但是尚缺乏针对算力基础设施与未来产业创新网络之间关系的实证研究。本文以超算中心建设作为算力基础设施的衡量指标,准确识别出算力基础设施对未来产业创新网络的作用。第三,探究了算力基础设施如何通过知识创新关联、创新要素吸附、创新边界拓展等途径影响未来产业创新网络,揭示了算力基础设施影响未来产业创新网络的传导渠道。
算力基础设施作为用于生成和提供算力资源的硬件设施,其涵盖了算力生产以及算力传输等综合功能[4]。其中,超算中心作为重要的算力基础设施,已经成为解决复杂科学问题和支撑高端技术应用的核心平台。全球各国纷纷投入资源建设世界级超算中心,以确保国家在科研和国防领域的领先地位。自科技部批准建设首个国家超级计算中心以来,截至2024年,中国已有14个中心投入运行。超算中心覆盖全国多个省市,它们在推动我国自主创新、关键技术研发和产业升级中发挥了关键作用。
在当前颠覆性技术加速迭代的背景下,未来产业的创新主体正面临创新能力断层与资源获取壁垒的双重阻碍。为了推动未来产业发展,创新主体需要寻求融入多维创新生态系统,通过知识共享通道实现跨领域创新[9,10]。而算力基础设施能为创新主体提供了重要的算力支撑,进一步促进了协同创新。一方面,算力基础设施产生的算力供给打破了传统创新网络的地理边界与组织壁垒,促进了创新网络中的资源共享[6]。算力基础设施通过云计算、大数据平台等形式,为网络中各主体提供了算力资源,从而消除了地理区位上的限制,促进了资源的高效流动与共享。另一方面,算力基础设施在知识传播与技术扩散方面起到了催化作用。已有研究指出算力基础设施为知识和技术的传播提供了高效的渠道,推动了技术的快速普及和扩散,进而加速了产业中不同创新主体之间的互动与合作[5]。此外,算力基础设施为各创新主体提供了创新资源共享的平台,提升了网络整体的创新效率。基于此,本文提出如下假说:
H1:算力基础设施能够推动未来产业创新网络形成。
(1)知识创新关联机制
产业技术创新需要通过基础知识积累和创新来推动[13]。在数字时代,知识创新关联模式的变革会传导至未来产业创新网络,影响其演化。一方面,城市间的知识共享与合作推动了产业链上下游的协同创新,促进了跨领域的高新技术的融合与应用[14],进而助力未来产业创新网络形成。另一方面,城市间的知识共享和技术融合,能够形成高效的创新生态系统,进而推进产业技术的创新及商业模式的更新[15]。
与此同时,算力基础设施的建设也为知识创新活动提供了基础性的支持,能够通过多重路径改变知识创新的关联模式与效率。一是城市高性能计算能力供给显著降低了知识搜索与整合的边际成本[16,17]。二是算力基础设施改变了知识溢出的空间特性,增强了远距离知识协作的效果[18]。综上,算力基础设施能够推动城市知识创新关联进而促进未来产业创新网络形成。基于此,本文提出如下假说:
H2a:知识创新关联是算力基础设施影响未来产业创新网络形成的传导渠道。
(2)创新要素吸附机制
算力基础设施的空间不平衡会导致城市算力资源分布呈现差异化趋势,也会导致人才、资本等创新要素向算力密集区域流动。一方面,初始的城市算力优势能够通过正反馈机制不断自我强化,推动创新要素的空间集聚。另一方面,算力基础设施降低了数据的搜寻成本,增强了创新主体对数据价值的捕获能力,从而吸引数据科学家及算法工程师等新型创新人才向超算中心所在地集聚。此外,算力基础设施通过改变城市创新环境,促进创新主体间的高效互动,影响了创新要素的区位选择。
创新要素的集聚进一步影响未来产业创新网络的结构演化。一是要素匹配效率的提升促进了产业创新网络的优化,当互补创新者之间的协调成本降低时,整体创新网络的效率将显著提升[19]。二是创新要素集聚促进了产业创新网络的跨界融合。多元化创新要素的交互作用形成了网络演化的内生动力。而且不同类型创新要素之间的互补,不断推动网络结构优化,促进创新能力持续提升[20],进而助力未来产业创新网络形成。基于此,本文提出如下假说:
H2b:创新要素吸附是算力基础设施影响未来产业创新网络形成的传导渠道。
(3)创新边界拓展机制
算力基础设施能够通过多维路径推动创新边界的持续拓展。一是高性能计算能力显著降低了复杂问题的计算复杂性门槛[21],从而拓展创新的可能性。二是算力基础设施促进了创新主体能力边界的突破。算力基础设施为人机的互补性协作提供助力,进而扩展了创新主体的能力边界[22]。
针对创新边界拓展对未来产业创新网络而言,一方面,创新边界的突破为未来产业技术的突破提供动力。当传统认知与技术限制被打破,新兴技术将为产业发展注入全新活力,进而推动跨领域知识的融合应用[23]。另一方面,创新主体能力边界的扩展改变了产业创新网络中参与主体与角色分工。一些研究发现,随着人工智能的飞速发展,创新主体的认知能力、分析能力和创造力得到了拓展[24]。能力边界的重构促使创新网络中的角色分工从固定层级向流动网络转变,形成更为灵活而高效的创新生态系统,催生出未来技术的创新成果。基于此,本文提出如下假说(理论分析框架如图1)。
H2c:创新边界拓展是算力基础设施影响未来产业创新网络形成的传导渠道。
2023年,工业和信息化部等部门共同发布了《新产业标准化领航工程实施方案(2023─2035年)》。本文基于文件中界定的九大未来产业领域,通过整合国家知识产权局专利数据,构建未来产业创新网络变量。具体而言,首先,将政策文本中的产业范畴映射至国际专利分类(IPC);其次,对专利进行数据筛选,通过联合申请专利识别跨区域创新合作;然后,利用高德地图API识别专利申请人地址;最后,构建以城市为节点、联合专利数量为网络边权重的创新网络矩阵(指标构建过程见图2)。
(1)双重差分模型
本文基于超算中心建设这一外生冲击事件,检验算力基础设施对未来产业创新网络形成的影响,设置如下多时点双重差分模型[4]:
$FII{N}_{it}={\alpha }_{0}+{\alpha }_{1}Super{c}_{it}+{\alpha }_{2}{X}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\delta }_{t}+{\varepsilon }_{it}$
式中,FIINit表示第i城市第t年的城市未来产业创新网络的关联强度;Supercit表示超算中心建设的虚拟变量;α1 表示解释变量的回归系数;Xit则表示控制变量;α0表示常数项;α2表示控制变量的回归系数;μi表示个体固定效应;${\delta }_{t}$表示时间固定效应;εit表示随机干扰项。
(1)被解释变量
在前文未来产业创新网络测算的基础上形成创新网络关联强度变量。
(2)解释变量
参考相关研究[4]做法,本文使用超算中心建设情况来表征城市算力基础设施,若某城市在特定年份完成超算中心的实质性建设并投入运营,则从该年度起所有后续年份均赋值为1,否则为0;未建设超算中心的城市的所有年份均统一赋值为0。
(3)控制变量
本文选取了以下控制变量:经济发展水平(lnGDP),本文使用人均GDP(万元)来衡量。固定资产投资(lnFAI),使用每万人固定资产投资总额(万元)来衡量。财政支出水平(lnFEL),使用人均地方财政一般预算内支出(万元)来衡量。金融发展水平(lnFDL),使用每万人年末金融机构各项存贷款余额(万元)来衡量。工业用电量(lnIEC),使用每万人工业用电量(万千瓦时)来衡量。数据主要来源于2012年至2022年的《中国城市统计年鉴》以及中国各省市的统计局网站。
(4)机制变量
针对知识创新关联机制,主要基于高水平合著论文构建城市知识创新合作网络,做法主要是通过爬取Web of Science数据库中的合著论文数据,并基于作者单位的城市所在地,形成得到城市之间城际论文合作网络矩阵,进而计算城市知识创新关联强度。针对创新要素吸附机制,本文使用科技产业从业人员区位熵指数来衡量。针对创新边界拓展机制,参考相关文献[25]做法,测算城市层面的技术空间相似度来衡量。
本文采用事件研究法进行平行趋势检验[26]。图3展示的回归结果显示,政策实施前的各期系数估计值均未通过显著性检验,这表明处理组与对照组城市的未来产业创新网络关联强度在超算中心建设前不存在显著差异,满足了平行趋势假设的前提。
本文通过构建多期双重差分模型实证检验超算中心建设的作用,结果如表1所示。列(1)和列(2)展示了超算中心建设对未来产业创新网络关联强度的影响,结果显示,无论是否加入控制变量,超算中心建设的系数均为正,而且均通过了1%的显著性检验,这表明算力基础设施建设对提升产业创新网络的整体关联性正向促进作用,H1得以验证。
进一步以城市内部创新网络关联强度及跨城市创新网络关联强度作为被解释变量进行检验,列(3)和列(4)显示超算中心建设对城市内部协同创新关联无显著作用,列(5)和列(6)显示超算中心建设对跨城市创新合作关联具有正向显著作用。这表明算力基础设施主要强化了城市外部创新网络连接,其创新网络重构功能更多体现在突破行政边界的外部连接层面,对城市内部创新主体间的创新协同效应有限。
(1)调整回归样本
一方面,考虑到北京、上海等直辖市的数据可能对估计的结果产生干扰,本文剔除了4个直辖市样本重新进行估计。表2的列(1)显示,超算中心建设对未来产业创新网络关联强度的系数估计值为0.072,且保持1%显著性水平,这表明核心结论不受特殊行政单元样本的影响。另一方面,未来产业创新网络关联强度可能存在的极端值干扰,本文对核心变量及控制变量进行上下1%的Winsorize缩尾处理,然后重新回归。表2的列(2)显示,超算中心建设变量显著为正,这表明基准回归结果具有稳健性。
(2)调整模型固定效应
为控制省级层面随时间变化的不可观测因素对未来产业创新网络的影响,本文进一步纳入省级固定效应,结果如表2的列(3)所示。结果显示,超算中心建设对城市未来产业创新网络的影响系数显著为正,这证实了基准的结论在控制省级混杂因素后依然成立。
(3)调整聚类稳健标准误
本文分别将标准误聚类至省级层面及省级—年份交互层面,然后分别展开回归。表2的列(4)和列(5)的结果显示,超算中心建设变量均显著为正,表明前文回归结果较为稳健。
(4)使用双重机器学习模型
本文采用相关学者[27]的双重机器学习框架,选取Lasso回归作为机器学习算法进行双重机器学习方法的检验,结果如表2的列(6)所示,可以发现超算中心建设对未来产业创新网络具有显著的正向作用,证实了模型函数设定形式不会影响基准回归结果。
(5)安慰剂检验
为排除不可观测因素或模型误设对基准回归结果的干扰,本文进行安慰剂分析(图4)。结果显示,1000次虚假实验的回归系数分布呈现以零值为中心的近似正态分布。此检验表明基准回归中观测到结果具有稳健性,排除了潜在遗漏变量或研究设计缺陷导致虚假因果关系的可能性,为基准回归结论提供了反事实证据支持。
(6)内生性检验
为了克服可能存在的内生性问题,本文选择城市到“八纵八横”光缆传输骨干网络建设节点的距离与年份的交乘项作为工具变量。该工具变量的选择依据在于,一是光缆网络的建设节点在一定程度上反映城市在信息传输基础设施建设中的潜在优势,这可能会影响超算中心的布局决策;另一方面,光缆建设的距离差异不受地方政府直接干预,因此该工具变量满足外生性。表3的第(1)及(2)列的结果显示,超算中心建设变量通过了1%的显著性检验,而且变量系数为正,这说明在考虑内生性问题后,超算中心建设对未来产业创新网络形成仍存在正向影响效应。
(7)Bacon分解
在探讨超算中心建设影响未来产业创新网络作用的实证分析中,由于不同城市获得超算中心建设资格的时间存在差异,传统双向固定效应模型可能受到处理效应时变性和异质性的干扰。本文基于Goodman-Bacon提出的分解框架[28],对多期双重差分模型中处理效应异质性可能导致的估计偏误进行诊断性检验。Bacon分解如表4所示,样本中“后处理组vs先处理组”的权重仅为0.001,不合适的处理效应权重较低,这表明基准回归的估计结果具有稳健性。
(1)知识创新关联机制
本文使用城市间的科研论文合作数据作为表征变量,以此检验超算中心建设对知识创新关联水平的影响。结果如表5的列(1)—列(2)所示,可以发现超算中心建设显著提升了城市间的科研论文合作水平,这表明超算中心的建设有助于推动城市之间知识创新关联。这一发现为超算中心在提升城市间知识创新关联方面的作用提供了实证支持,验证了超算中心有助于强化知识创新链条中的合作联系,从而推动了未来产业创新网络水平的提升,H2a得以验证。
(2)创新要素吸附机制
本文使用城市创新要素集聚水平作为表征变量,探讨了超算中心建设如何影响城市创新要素的吸附能力。结果如表5的列(3)—列(4)所示,结果表明,超算中心建设对城市创新要素吸附水平有显著正向影响。这一结果表明,超算中心作为创新基础设施的重要组成部分,能够有效地促进城市创新资源的流动与集聚,在未来产业创新竞争中占据有利位置,H2b得以验证。
(3)创新边界拓展机制
本文使用城市技术空间相似度作为表征变量,探讨超算中心建设是否推动了城市间技术空间的拓展。结果如表5的列(5)—列(6)所示,超算中心建设显著负向降低了城市技术空间相似度,意味着算力基础设施建设推动了创新边界的拓展。这表明超算中心不仅促进了现有技术的深化发展,也推动了技术边界的扩展,为未来产业技术创新提供了更多可能性,H2c得以验证。
(1)数据要素畅通政策组合
为了分析算力基础设施与数据要素畅通的政策协同效应,将政府公共数据开放平台上线(PDOP)、城市数据交易平台设立(UDTP)视为衡量数据要素畅通的措施,并以相关研究[29]为基础,构建三重差分模型来检验政策组合产生的增效作用,估计结果如表6的列(1)和列(2)所示,结果显示三重交互项均显著为正,这证实超算中心部署与政府数据开放平台、城市数据交易所形成的政策组合可显著提升未来产业创新网络关联强度。可能是因为:政府主导的数据开放平台体系化建设与市场化数据交易机制的制度化完善,实质性地提升了数据要素的流通效率与配置效能,也有效激活了超算中心算力资源的赋能潜力。
(2)创新生态优化政策组合
本文进一步考察算力基础设施与创新生态优化政策的协同效应。将创新型城市试点建设政策(PCIC)、知识产权示范城市试点政策(IPP)作为衡量创新生态优化的措施,估计结果如表6的列(3)和列(4)所示,结果显示三重交互项均显著为正,这意味着超算中心建设与两类创新政策形成的组合策略,对城市未来产业创新网络关联水平具有显著的协同增效作用,证实了算力基础设施与创新生态系统的协同发展效应。其内在原因可归结为:创新型城市试点建设政策推动了创新资源的集聚,优化了创新环境,激励了创业和技术转移的活跃程度。知识产权示范城市试点政策则为创新成果的保护提供了保障,增强了企业的创新动能和技术溢出效应。这种“硬基建—软环境”的深度耦合推动了未来产业的协同创新网络的形成。
(1)区域异质性
本文将总体样本划分为东部、中部及西部三类样本,对不同区域的超算中心作用进行了检验,如表7的列(1)—列(3)所示。结果显示,超算中心的建设显著增强了中部和西部地区城市未来产业创新网络的联系强度,而对东部地区城市的影响则不显著。可能存在以下原因:中部和西部地区相较于东部地区,基础设施相对薄弱,超算中心的建设提供了更多的计算能力和数据处理支持,促进了东西部地区的技术研发和创新合作的加速。与此不同,东部地区城市由于已有较为完善的创新基础设施,超算中心的建设对其创新网络的增强作用较为有限。
(2)市场一体化异质性
本文参考相关研究[30]测算了城市的市场一体化水平,并根据所有城市的市场一体化水平的平均值划分市场一体化水平高值组及市场一体化低值组,然后基于双重差分模型重新检验超算中心对两个样本组城市未来产业创新网络的影响,结果如表7的列(4)—列(5)所示。可以发现在市场一体化水平较高的区域,超算中心建设对未来产业创新网络联系强度的提升作用更大。市场一体化较高的区域通过降低交易成本、提高资源配置效率,促进了区域内部及跨区域的创新互动。这使得超算中心所带来的技术和数据优势能更好地被吸收,从而增强创新网络的联系强度。
(3)城市信息成本异质性
本文基于城市互联网渗透度衡量城市的信息成本,并根据所有城市的信息成本水平的平均值划分信息成本低值组及信息成本高值组,然后重新回归,结果如表7的列(6)—列(7)所示。结果显示,在信息成本较高的区域,超算中心建设对未来产业创新网络联系强度的提升作用更明显。信息成本较高的区域存在较大的信息不对称和市场分割问题,超算中心的建设能够通过提高市场透明度和信息共享效率,帮助创新主体跨越地域和行业的限制,推动区域间的协同创新。
为探究算力基础设施对城市未来产业创新网络地位的影响,将网络节点中心度、中间中心度及接近中心度作为被解释变量进行检验(表8),结果发现超算中心建设对城市节点中心度有显著的正向作用,对城市中间中心度没有显著作用,但能对城市接近中心度产生负向影响。其内在原因在于:超算中心作为区域性算力枢纽,显著提升了城市在技术密集型产业中的资源吸附能力,通过加速前沿领域的技术扩散,强化了节点城市在创新网络中的技术辐射效应。而对中间中心度无显著影响,这反映出拥有超算中心的城市发挥了作为终端算力供给节点的作用,而非网络中介载体作用。对接近中心度的负向作用则源于算力资源的空间极化效应,当超算中心形成技术垄断优势时,外围城市需通过核心节点获取算力资源,这反而延长了创新要素流动路径。
本文采用空间双重差分模型(SDID)分析超算中心建设对城市知识创新网络形成的空间溢出效应。首先通过构建100km至1500km的反距离空间权重矩阵,然后采用最大似然估计法进行参数估计,最终将计算得到的溢出效应系数绘制成图5。研究结果发现,超算中心建设对城市本地创新网络关联强度的作用基本保持一致,但是对邻地城市创新网络关联强度的效应则随地理距离增加而持续升高,这表明,超算中心的建设不仅为本地城市的未来产业创新提供了强大的计算支持,还通过空间溢出效应,促进了邻近城市的协同创新能力提升。
本文基于2011-2021年285个城市的合作专利测算未来产业创新网络,并以超算中心建设衡量城市算力基础设施,通过双重差分模型检验超算中心建设对城市未来产业联合创新的影响机制及效应。得到以下结论:(1)超算中心建设能够正向促进提升未来产业创新网络关联强度,且该结论通过了调整回归样本、调整模型设定、使用双重机器学习模型及内生性检验等稳健性方法的检验,意味着算力基础设施能够推动未来产业创新网络发展。(2)算力基础设施主要通过知识创新关联、创新要素吸附及创新边界拓展等机制影响未来产业创新网络发展。值得注意的是,算力基础设施建设与创新生态优化政策、数据要素畅通政策形成的政策组合能产生正向协同效应,进一步推动未来产业创新网络的发展。(3)异质性检验可以发现,在中西部地区、市场一体化水平较高和信息成本较高的区域中,算力基础设施建设对未来产业创新网络关联强度的作用更为显著。同时,算力基础设施建设正向推动了创新网络节点中心度,而负向影响接近中心度,说明其正在推动城市未来产业创新网络形成非均衡发展格局。此外,超算中心建设通过空间溢出效应,促进了邻近城市的协同创新能力提升。而且随着距离的增加,溢出效应越强。
基于以上结论,本文提出如下的政策启示。
(1)优化算力基础设施布局,推动城市创新网络深化。一是政府应优化算力基础设施建设的空间布局,推动城市间的创新资源共享与协同发展。二是应完善算力基础设施的数字化设施配套建设,确保算力资源能够高效及稳定地为创新活动提供支持。三是还应建立跨城市的超算资源共享机制,促进区域间的创新协同,提升区域整体的未来产业竞争力。
(2)形成多元政策组合,发挥算力与创新生态协同效应。一是政府应考虑将算力基础设施建设与其他政策协同,形成多维度的支持体系。二是政策制定者应完善城市创新生态优化的策略,建立健全的知识产权保护机制。三是政府应注重引导社会资本的参与,吸引社会力量共同投入算力基础设施建设,进一步提升城市的算力供给能力。
(3)因地制宜推进算力基础设施建设,缩小区域创新差距。一是政府应根据不同地区的特点,实施差异化的算力基础设施建设策略。对于中西部地区,考虑到这些地区的创新资源相对匮乏,政府可以加大数字化的基础设施的投入,从发达地区获取算力资源,弥补其在创新网络中的短板,提高区域整体的创新能力。二是在市场一体化水平较高的地区,应充分发挥市场机制的作用,鼓励企业间的算力资源共享与协作创新。三是对于信息成本较高的地区,应着力降低信息获取与传递的障碍,完善信息基础设施,提升数据传输能力。
  • 国家社会科学后期资助项目(24FJYB075)
  • 浙江省哲学社会科学规划(22LLXC11YB)
  • 浙江省软科学研究计划项目(2025C35065)
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2026年第44卷第7期
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  • 接收时间:2025-05-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-17
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19
  • 修回日期:2025-07-02
基金
国家社会科学后期资助项目(24FJYB075)
浙江省哲学社会科学规划(22LLXC11YB)
浙江省软科学研究计划项目(2025C35065)
作者信息
    1 浙江工业大学经济学院, 浙江杭州 310023
    2 浙江工业大学现代化产业体系研究院, 浙江杭州 310023

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徐维祥(1963-),男,教授、博士生导师。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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total species (%)
属
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种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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