Article(id=1318316534628471431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1318316496934261092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748361600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-28, revisedDate=1768320000000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792240754992, onlineDateStr=2026-10-17, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792240754992, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792240754992, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792240754992, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1318316496934261092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792240746004, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792240746004, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1384, endPage=1392, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1318316534829798024, articleId=1318316534628471431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=How to resolve ethical controversies in S&T?——Lessons from the ethical consensus of the Asilomar Conference, columnId=1309226307205034609, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Hot Issues, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The rapid development of emerging technologies is fundamentally redrawing the ethical boundaries of human society, making the achievement of ethical consensus more challenging than ever. While China has prioritized technology ethics through top-level institutional frameworks-such as the Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics (2022) and the Measures for Ethical Review of Science and Technology (Trial) (2023)-these norms are primarily applicable to the "post-consensus" governance phase. They provide standardized procedures for known risks but often lack efficacy during the "controversy phase," where uncertainty is high and fundamental values clash. Historically, the 1975 Asilomar Conference on recombinant DNA (rDNA) is lauded as the gold standard for resolving such disputes. However, existing scholarship predominantly views it through the lens of the "expert warning" model, overlooking the intricate socio-technical process of building the consensus itself. This study evaluates three traditional consensus modes: the ethical approach of principalism, which often fails in morally pluralistic societies; the technical approach of risk assessment, which is often hamstrung by the Collingridge Dilemma; and the social approach of public participation, which can lead to "over-commitment" or governance chaos. The research identifies that the fundamental difficulties in forming consensus lie in managing technical uncertainty and determining which actors should lead the process.To address these challenges, this research utilizes Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to deconstruct the Asilomar process as a "translation" of interests. Under ANT, humans (scientists, lawyers, and policy-makers) and non-humans (viruses, plasmids, and legal codes) are treated as interconnected "actors" within a heterogeneous network. The formation of consensus began with the transition from individual anxiety to a collective "risk community". Early pioneers like Paul Berg and Robert Pollack identified significant hazards in using the SV40 virus-a known oncogenic agent-within E. coli systems. These technical concerns were not resolved in isolation but were translated into a broader scientific dialogue through the 1973 Asilomar I and Gordon Conferences. A pivotal moment occurred with the publication of the 1974 "moratorium" letter in Science, which called for a temporary halt on specific experiments. This act served as a "problematization" strategy, establishing a "mandatory passage point" for the scientific community. By going public, scientists transformed a localized laboratory concern into a global socio-technical challenge, forcing stakeholders to recognize that the very survival of scientific autonomy depended on addressing public fears regarding biosafety and ethical responsibility.The heart of the consensus process occurred during the 1975 Asilomar II Conference, where technical negotiations initially reached a stalemate. Specialized sub-groups tasked with categorizing risks-focusing on animal viruses, plasmids, and eukaryotes-found that scientific knowledge was insufficient to provide definitive evidence of safety or danger. Scientists were caught in a binary trap: they feared that any admission of risk would lead to permanent government bans, yet they also realized that a failure to self-regulate would invite even harsher external control. The "translation" was ultimately completed when legal experts introduced the "non-human" actor of existing institutional frameworks into the network. Law professor Roger Dworkin clarified that scientists would be held personally and institutionally liable for any laboratory-born harm under existing tort and occupational safety laws. This realization fundamentally altered the interests of the core actors. Scientists understood that "pure autonomy" was no longer a viable option and that a pragmatic, tiered risk-classification system-ranging from minimal to high risk-was the only way to safeguard the future of their research. This flexible consensus allowed for a middle path: prohibiting the most dangerous experiments while providing clear, conditional guidelines for others.The study concludes that the Asilomar consensus was not a static event but a dynamic process that was subsequently institutionalized via the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (1976). This institutionalization ensured that the consensus remained flexible, with the NIH acting as a "boundary organization" to mediate between science, government, and the public. A key takeaway for contemporary technology governance is the necessity of "expert-led multi-stakeholder participation". This model relies on what Harry Collins describes as "Owl Scientists"-those who possess both the technical proficiency to understand the science and the reflexive capacity to grasp its social and ethical implications. The Asilomar experience demonstrates that institutional constraints are not impediments but necessary conditions for consensus, as they provide the "bottom line" that forces actors toward compromise. Furthermore, the final consensus must remain flexible and dynamic, utilizing categorized management to address scientific uncertainty and allowing for periodic revisions as new knowledge emerges. For China's emerging technology landscape, the lesson is clear: ethical governance must move beyond the mere declaration of abstract principles to the creation of flexible, tiered, and dynamic consensus-building mechanisms that can navigate the profound uncertainties of the controversy phase.
, authors=Hong-peng HE
1, Yi-wei GAO
2, 3, authorsList=Hong-peng HE, Yi-wei GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1318316535358280329, articleId=1318316534628471431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=如何化解科技伦理争议?——阿西洛马会议的伦理共识经验, columnId=1309226307364418163, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=热点议题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
风险性新兴科技的伦理治理极具挑战,我国虽已出台《关于加强科技伦理治理的意见》等政策,但这些规范多适用于共识形成后的治理阶段,无法有效解决争议阶段的伦理问题。20世纪70年代的阿西洛马会议被认为是化解科技伦理争议的范例,已有研究主要将其成功归因于专家预警模式,忽视了背后的共识形成过程。在分析三种经典的共识模式及局限的基础上,指出了形成共识的难题在于应对不确定性和谁来主导共识过程。通过分析阿西洛马会议伦理共识达成的过程,研究发现,科技伦理共识的形成应由具备反思性的“猫头鹰”科学家专家主导且多方参与,制度约束有利于达成共识,最终的共识方案应具有灵活性。
, authors=和鸿鹏
1, 高旖蔚
2, 3, authorsList=和鸿鹏, 高旖蔚, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=mnAN/5ptL7Da0sYYuFHc4g==, magXml=Msqvpq/TabP0hNEVefwKjw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=yl1mp7YiiKDl3gnNsC0Abw==, pdfFileSize=970350, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KTMBtC1unHEOv77i79dqtQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1318316535903539860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=he-2004mail@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1318316535983231638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, authorId=1318316535903539860, language=EN, stringName=Hong-peng HE, firstName=Hong-peng, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1 Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1318316536067117719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, authorId=1318316535903539860, language=CN, stringName=和鸿鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1 北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院, 北京 100191, bio={"content":"
和鸿鹏(1987-),男,副教授,E-mail:he-2004mail@163.com。
"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=
和鸿鹏(1987-),男,副教授,E-mail:he-2004mail@163.com。
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1318316535605744266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535618327179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535605744266, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535630910092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535605744266, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院, 北京 100191)])]), Author(id=1318316536138420889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1318316536226501276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, authorId=1318316536138420889, language=EN, stringName=Yi-wei GAO, firstName=Yi-wei, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, 3, address=
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
3 Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1318316536301998749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, authorId=1318316536138420889, language=CN, stringName=高旖蔚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, 3, address=
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100190
3 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190, bio={"content":"
高旖蔚(1993-),女,博士。
"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=
高旖蔚(1993-),女,博士。
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1318316535714796173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535727379086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535714796173, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535735767695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535714796173, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100190)]), AuthorCompany(id=1318316535807070864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535823848081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535807070864, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535836430994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535807070864, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1318316536394273438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=ethics of S&T), Keyword(id=1318316536482353823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Asilomar Conference), Keyword(id=1318316536541074080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=expert warning model), Keyword(id=1318316536612377249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=consensus mechanism), Keyword(id=1318316536679486114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=科技伦理), Keyword(id=1318316536738206371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=阿西洛马会议), Keyword(id=1318316536796926628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=专家预警), Keyword(id=1318316536868229797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=共识机制)], refs=[Reference(id=1318316537098916519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.safea.gov.cn/kjbgz/202109/t20210926_177063.html, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=科技部, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=科技部. 《新一代人工智能伦理规范》发布[EB/OL]. https://www.safea.gov.cn/kjbgz/202109/t20210926_177063.html.2021-09-26/2023-11-08., articleTitle=《新一代人工智能伦理规范》发布, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537195385512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.safea.gov.cn/kjbgz/202109/t20210926_177063.html, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China. New Generation Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code[EB/OL]., articleTitle=New Generation Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537258300073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1980, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Szybalski W, journalName=Trends in Biochemical Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Szybalski W. Asilomar and five years[J].
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,
1980,
5(5):VI-IX., articleTitle=Asilomar and five years, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537333797546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1353/pbm.2016.0031, pmid=28479578, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=59, issue=3, pageStart=364, pageEnd=381, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Baskin C R, Gatter R A, Campbell M J, journalName=Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Baskin C R,
Gatter R A,
Campbell M J,
et al. Self-regulation of science: What can we still learn from Asilomar?[J].
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,
2016,
59(3): 364-381., articleTitle=Self-regulation of science: What can we still learn from Asilomar?, refAbstract=Can scientists self-regulate effectively? The controversial select agent regulations, the recent implementation of U.S. dual-use research of concern policies, the funding moratorium on gain of function experiments, and the 2014 incidents at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention all seem to suggest that the answer is a resounding "no." Yet history tells us that it is feasible. In this comprehensive history of the first iteration of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Recombinant DNA Guidelines, we examine the principles, thoughts, and behaviors that resulted in successful self-regulation of scientific research for the past four decades and how engagement of scientists made it possible. Starting with a willingness on the part of researchers all over the world to pause exciting experiments, and with a genuine concern for public health, the individuals involved demonstrated unprecedented (and thus far never replicated) openness to dialogue with others from different disciplines, the media, and the public.), Reference(id=1318316537413489323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=20, issue=6, pageStart=28, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=高璐, journalName=山东科技大学学报(社会科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=高璐. 从阿西洛马会议到华盛顿峰会:专家预警在生物技术治理中的角色与局限[J].
山东科技大学学报(社会科学版),
2018,
20(6):28-35., articleTitle=从阿西洛马会议到华盛顿峰会:专家预警在生物技术治理中的角色与局限, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537484792492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=20, issue=6, pageStart=28, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Gao L, journalName=Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Gao L. From the Asilomar conference to the Washington summit: The role and limitations of expert warnings in biotechnology governance[J].
Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition),
2018,
20(6): 28-35., articleTitle=From the Asilomar conference to the Washington summit: The role and limitations of expert warnings in biotechnology governance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537568678573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=3, issue=2, pageStart=98, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=李建军, 唐冠男, journalName=科学与社会, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李建军, 唐冠男. 阿希洛马会议:以预警性思考应对重组DNA技术潜在风险[J].
科学与社会,
2013,
3(2): 98-109., articleTitle=阿希洛马会议:以预警性思考应对重组DNA技术潜在风险, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537644176046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=3, issue=2, pageStart=98, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Li J J, Tang G N, journalName=Science and Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Li J J,
Tang G N. The Asilomar conference: Addressing the potential risks of recombinant DNA technology through anticipatory thinking[J].
Science and Society,
2013,
3(2): 98-109., articleTitle=The Asilomar conference: Addressing the potential risks of recombinant DNA technology through anticipatory thinking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537707090607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=16, issue=6, pageStart=19, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Berg P, journalName=The Scientist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Berg P. Asilomar and recombinant DNA[J].
The Scientist,
2002,
16(6):19-20., articleTitle=Asilomar and recombinant DNA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537782588080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Beauchamp T L, Childress J F, journalName=Principles of Biomedical Ethics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Beauchamp T L,
Childress J F.
Principles of Biomedical Ethics[M]. Edicoes Loyola,
1994., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537849696945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=22, issue=3, pageStart=220, pageEnd=231, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Joss S, journalName=Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Joss S. Toward the public sphere-reflections on the development of participatory technology assessment[J].
Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society,
2002,
22(3): 220-231., articleTitle=Toward the public sphere-reflections on the development of participatory technology assessment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316537933583026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/technology-governance.html, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Technology governance[EB/OL]. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/technology-governance.html.2026-01-04., articleTitle=Technology governance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538017469107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1111/bioe.12052, pmid=24010856, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=27, issue=8, pageStart=442, pageEnd=452, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Heavey P, journalName=Bioethics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Heavey P. Synthetic biology ethics: A deontological assessment[J].
Bioethics,
2013,
27(8): 442-452., articleTitle=Synthetic biology ethics: A deontological assessment, refAbstract=In this article I discuss the ethics of synthetic biology from a broadly deontological perspective, evaluating its morality in terms of the integrity of nature, the dignity of life and the relationship between God and his creation. Most ethical analyses to date have been largely consequentialist in nature; they reveal a dual use dilemma, showing that synbio has potential for great good and great evil, possibly more so than any step humanity has taken before. A deontological analysis may help to resolve this dilemma, by evaluating whether synbio is right or wrong in itself. I also assess whether deontology alone is a sufficient methodological paradigm for the proper evaluation of synbio ethics. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.), Reference(id=1318316538088772276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1093/jmp/jhr011, pmid=21724971, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=36, issue=3, pageStart=243, pageEnd=260, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Engelhardt H T, journalName=Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Engelhardt H T. Confronting moral pluralism in posttraditional Western societies: Bioethics critically reassessed[J].
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy,
2011,
36(3): 243-260., articleTitle=Confronting moral pluralism in posttraditional Western societies: Bioethics critically reassessed, refAbstract=In the face of the moral pluralism that results from the death of God and the abandonment of a God's eye perspective in secular philosophy, bioethics arose in a context that renders it essentially incapable of giving answers to substantive moral questions, such as concerning the permissibility of abortion, human embryonic stem cell research, euthanasia, etc. Indeed, it is only when bioethics understands its own limitations and those of secular moral philosophy in general can it better appreciate those tasks that it can actually usefully perform in both the clinical and academic setting. It is the task of this paper to understand and reevaluate bioethics by understanding these limits. Academic bioethicists can analyze ideas, concepts, and claims necessary to understanding the moral questions raised in health care, assessing the arguments related to these issues, and provide an understanding of the different moral perspectives on bioethical issues. In the clinical setting, bioethicists can provide legal advice, serve as experts on IRBs, mediating disputes, facilitating decision-making and risk management, and clarifying normative issues. However, understanding this is only possible when one understands the history, genesis, and foundations of bioethics and its inability to provide a resolution to postmodern moral pluralism.), Reference(id=1318316538168464053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Thompson P B, journalName=Ethics, Policy & Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Thompson P B. Synthetic biology needs a synthetic bioethics[J].
Ethics, Policy & Environment,
2012,
15(1): 1-20., articleTitle=Synthetic biology needs a synthetic bioethics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538235572918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=40, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Bimber B, journalName=The Politics of Expertise in Congress: The Rise and Fall of The Office of Technology Assessment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Bimber B.
The Politics of Expertise in Congress: The Rise and Fall of The Office of Technology Assessment[M]. Albany: State University of New York Press,
1996:40-41., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538298487479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=311, pageEnd=331, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Jasanoff S, journalName=Product, process or programme: Three cultures and the regulation of biotechnology[A].Bauer M W.Resistance To New Technology: Nuclear power, Information Technology and Biotechnology[C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Jasanoff S.
Product, process or programme: Three cultures and the regulation of biotechnology[A].Bauer M W.Resistance To New Technology: Nuclear power, Information Technology and Biotechnology[C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1995: 311-331., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538369790648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1186/2195-7819-10-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Douglas C M W, Stemerding D, journalName=Life Sciences, Society and Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Douglas C M W,
Stemerding D. Challenges for the European governance of synthetic biology for human health[J].
Life Sciences, Society and Policy,
2014,
10(1): 1-18., articleTitle=Challenges for the European governance of synthetic biology for human health, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538432705209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=449, pageEnd=473, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Bucchi M, Neresini F, journalName=MIT Press, Cambridge, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Bucchi M,
Neresini F. Science and public participation[A].et al Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Third edition[C].
MIT Press, Cambridge,
2008:449-473., articleTitle=Science and public participation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538508202682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1023/A:1025557512320, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=223, pageEnd=244, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Jasanoff S, journalName=Minerva, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Jasanoff S. Technologies of humility: Citizen participation in governing science[J].
Minerva,
2003,
41(3): 223-244., articleTitle=Technologies of humility: Citizen participation in governing science, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538608865979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=34, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Irwin A, journalName=Expertise and Sustainable Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Irwin A. Citizen Science:A Study of People,
Expertise and Sustainable Development[M]. London: Routledge,
1995:34-35., articleTitle=Citizen Science:A Study of People, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538696946364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=Cotton M. Ethics and Technology Assessment: A Participatory Approach, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Cotton M. Ethics and Technology Assessment: A Participatory Approach[M]. Berlin: Springer,
2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538772443837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1016/j.respol.2019.01.009, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=48, issue=5, pageStart=1128, pageEnd=1137, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048733319300174, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Lyall C, Tait J, journalName=Research Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Lyall C,
Tait J. Beyond the limits to governance: New rules of engagement for the tentative governance of the life sciences[J].
Research Policy,
2019,
48(5): 1128-1137., articleTitle=Beyond the limits to governance: New rules of engagement for the tentative governance of the life sciences, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538835358398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1987, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=585, pageEnd=597, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Goodell R, journalName=Cambridge, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Goodell R. The role of the mass media in scientific controversy[A].Tristram H, Engelhardt Jr, Arthur L.Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in The Resolution and Closure of Disputes In Science and Technology[C].
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1987: 585-597., articleTitle=The role of the mass media in scientific controversy[A].Tristram H, Engelhardt Jr, Arthur L.Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in The Resolution and Closure of Disputes In Science and Technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538902467263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r34r38h#:-:text=The%20authors%20have%20sought%20in,this%20mode%20of%20citizen%20participation, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Innes J E, Booher D E, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Innes J E,
Booher D E. Public participation in planning:New strategies for the 21st century[EB/OL]. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r34r38h#:-:text=The%20authors%20have%20sought%20in,this%20mode%20of%20citizen%20participation.2000-07/2023-11-08., articleTitle=Public participation in planning:New strategies for the 21st century, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316538977964736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1177/0963662513518154, pmid=24434705, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=4, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Stilgoe J, Lock S J, Wilsdon J, journalName=Public Understanding of Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Stilgoe J,
Lock S J,
Wilsdon J. Why should we promote public engagement with science?[J].
Public Understanding of Science,
2014,
23(1): 4-15., articleTitle=Why should we promote public engagement with science?, refAbstract=This introductory essay looks back on the two decades since the journal Public Understanding of Science was launched. Drawing on the invited commentaries in this special issue, we can see narratives of continuity and change around the practice and politics of public engagement with science. Public engagement would seem to be a necessary but insufficient part of opening up science and its governance. Those of us who have been involved in advocating, conducting and evaluating public engagement practice could be accused of over-promising. If we, as social scientists, are going to continue a normative commitment to the idea of public engagement, we should therefore develop new lines of argument and analysis. Our support for the idea of public engagement needs qualifying, as part of a broader, more ambitious interest in the idea of publicly engaged science.), Reference(id=1318316539074433729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1177/0306312706053350, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=299, pageEnd=320, url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0306312706053350, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Irwin A, journalName=Social Studies of Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Irwin A. The politics of talk: Coming to terms with the ‘new’ scientific governance[J].
Social Studies of Science,
2006,
36(2): 299-320., articleTitle=The politics of talk: Coming to terms with the ‘new’ scientific governance, refAbstract=Talk of public dialogue and engagement has become fashionable internationally, and particularly within Europe. Building especially upon recent British experience, this paper argues that ‘public talk’ (that is, talk both by and about the public) represents an important site for science and technology studies analysis. The relationship between ‘new’ and ‘old’ approaches to scientific governance is considered. Drawing upon a series of official reports, and also the GM Nation? public debate over genetically modified food, the paper suggests that, rather than witnessing the emergence of a new governance paradigm, the current approach can more accurately be portrayed as an uneasy blend of ‘old’ and ‘new’ assumptions. Eschewing a straightforward normative account, the paper explores the social construction of public talk, the relationship between talk and trust, the search for the ‘innocent’ citizen, and the pursuit of social consensus. Current initiatives should not simply be criticized for their inadequacies, but should also be viewed as symptomatic of the state of science–society relations. In that way, stresses and strains within the politics of public talk assume wider analytical significance than the ‘mere talk’ epithet would suggest.), Reference(id=1318316539166708418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=187, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Latour B, Woolgar S, journalName=Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Latour B,
Woolgar S.
Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press,1986:187-230., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539246400195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1111/j.1467-954X.1984.tb00113.x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1984, volume=32, issue=1_suppl, pageStart=196, pageEnd=233, url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1984.tb00113.x, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Callon M, journalName=The Sociological Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Callon M. Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay[J].
The Sociological Review,
1984,
32(1_suppl): 196-233., articleTitle=Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539338674884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=edethicsinscience, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Peterson M J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Peterson M J. Case Study: Asilomar Conference on Laboratory Precautions When Conducting Recombinant DNA Research[EB/OL]. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=edethicsinscience.2010-06/2022-07-22., articleTitle=Case Study: Asilomar Conference on Laboratory Precautions When Conducting Recombinant DNA Research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539447726789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=258, pageEnd=292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Fredrickson D S, journalName=Biomedical Politics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Fredrickson D S. Asilomar and recombinant DNA: The end of the beginning[J].
Biomedical Politics,
1991: 258-292., articleTitle=Asilomar and recombinant DNA: The end of the beginning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539535807174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1982, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=5, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Krimsky S, journalName=Genetic Alchemy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Krimsky S.
Genetic Alchemy[M]. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,
1982:5., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539602916039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1973, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Hellman A, Oxman M N, Pollack R, journalName=Biohazards in Biological Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Hellman A,
Oxman M N,
Pollack R.
Biohazards in Biological Research[M]. New York: Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,
1973., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539695190728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1126/science.181.4105.1114, pmid=11663279, pmcid=null, year=1973, volume=181, issue=4105, pageStart=1114, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Singer M, Soll D, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Singer M,
Soll D. Guidelines for DNA hybrid molecules[J].
Science,
1973,
181(4105): 1114., articleTitle=Guidelines for DNA hybrid molecules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539762299593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1977, volume=51, issue=null, pageStart=1471, pageEnd=1482, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Dworkin R B, journalName=Southern California Law Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Dworkin R B. Science, society, and the expert town meeting: Some comments on Asilomar[J].
Southern California Law Review,
1977,
51:1471-1482., articleTitle=Science, society, and the expert town meeting: Some comments on Asilomar, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539829408458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=11370155, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=208, pageEnd=220, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Weiner C, journalName=Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Weiner C. Drawing the line in genetic engineering: Self-regulation and public participation[J].
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,
2001,
44(2): 208-220., articleTitle=Drawing the line in genetic engineering: Self-regulation and public participation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539900711627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=247, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=36, authorNames=悉达多·穆克吉, journalName=基因传:众生之源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=悉达多·穆克吉.
基因传:众生之源[M]. 北京: 中信出版社,
2018:247., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539980403404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=247, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Mukherjee S, journalName=The Gene: An Intimate History, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Mukherjee S.
The Gene: An Intimate History[M]. Beijing: CITIC Press,
2018: 247., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316540064289485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=189, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Rogers M, journalName=Rolling Stone, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Rogers M. The Pandora's box congress[N].
Rolling Stone,1975-6-19(189)., articleTitle=The Pandora's box congress, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316540135592654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=10.1038/455290a, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=455, issue=7211, pageStart=290, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Berg P, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Berg P. Asilomar 1975: DNA modification secured[J].
Nature,
2008,
455(7211): 290-291., articleTitle=Asilomar 1975: DNA modification secured, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316540206895823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=40, authorNames=布鲁诺·拉图尔, journalName=科学在行动:怎样在社会中跟随科学家和工程师, refType=null, unstructuredReference=布鲁诺·拉图尔.
科学在行动:怎样在社会中跟随科学家和工程师[M]. 北京: 东方出版社,2005:204., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316540274004688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=204, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Latour B, journalName=Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Latour B.
Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society[M]. Beijing: Oriental Publishing House,
2005: 204., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316540341113553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://osp.od.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019_NIH_Guidelines.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=42, authorNames=NIH, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIH. NIH Guidelines For Research Involving Recombinant Or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules(NIH Guidelines)[EB/OL]. https://osp.od.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019_NIH_Guidelines.htm.2019-04/2023-09-22., articleTitle=NIH Guidelines For Research Involving Recombinant Or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules(NIH Guidelines), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316540412416722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=3, pageStart=40, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=43, authorNames=陈思懿, 洪伟, journalName=科学与社会, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈思懿, 洪伟. 公众参与科学的STS理论述评[J].
科学与社会,
2021,
11(3):40-60., articleTitle=公众参与科学的STS理论述评, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316540471136979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=3, pageStart=40, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Chen S Y, Hong W, journalName=Science and Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Chen S Y,
Hong W. A review of STS theories on public participation in science[J].
Science and Society,
2021,
11(3): 40-60., articleTitle=A review of STS theories on public participation in science, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316540538245844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=161, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=45, authorNames=贺久恒, journalName=科学与社会, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贺久恒. 在纷繁复杂的时代重塑科学的价值——《为什么民主需要科学》评介[J].
科学与社会,
2025,
15(1):161-172., articleTitle=在纷繁复杂的时代重塑科学的价值——《为什么民主需要科学》评介, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316540596966101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=161, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=46, authorNames=He J H, journalName=Science and Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
He J H. Reshaping the value of science in a complex era: A review of Why Democracies Need Science[J].
Science and Society,
2025,
15(1): 161-172., articleTitle=Reshaping the value of science in a complex era: A review of Why Democracies Need Science, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1318316537002447526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, awardId=24ZXC011, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市社会科学基金项目(24ZXC011), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1318316535605744266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535618327179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535605744266, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535630910092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535605744266, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院, 北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1318316535714796173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535727379086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535714796173, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535735767695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535714796173, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100190)]), AuthorCompany(id=1318316535807070864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535823848081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535807070864, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316535836430994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316534628471431, companyId=1318316535807070864, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190)])], figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1308396458388586594, delFlag=0, nameCn=科学学研究, nameEn=Studies in Science of Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-2053, eissn=null, cn=11-1805/G3, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=f9wd5Gr2r/Af7TJ15O/VGg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Studies in Science of Science, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1789875624512, updatedTime=1789876606404, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=K, firstLetterEn=K, subjectCode=Multidisciplinary, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Multidisciplinary, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=f9wd5Gr2r/Af7TJ15O/VGg==, picEn=XwgD5UmFTEVSmdnCgvlDZQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1308400576836957147, language=CN, name=科学学研究, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789876606425, updatedTime=1789876606425, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1308400576883094492, language=EN, name=Studies in Science of Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789876606436, updatedTime=1789876606436, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1308397381743640680, websiteList=[Website(id=1308429426446848915, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1308397381743640680, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1789883484708, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789902368384, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学学研究-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科学学研究, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1308508734821851572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789902393298, updateTime=1789902393298, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734784102833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789902393289, updateTime=1789902393289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734872183223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902393310, updateTime=1789902393310, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734771519920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/file/pic?fileId=DFYjiBGwM+7bU4q3P0DayQ==, createTime=1789902393286, updateTime=1789902393286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734888960441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902393314, updateTime=1789902393314, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734809268659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1789902393295, updateTime=1789902393295, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734880571832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902393312, updateTime=1789902393312, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734796685746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1789902393292, updateTime=1789902393292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734834434485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789902393301, updateTime=1789902393301, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734851211702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789902393305, updateTime=1789902393305, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1308429426513957785, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1308397381743640680, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1789883484724, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789902358215, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学学研究-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Studies in Science of Science, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1308508708242547113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789902386961, updateTime=1789902386961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708213186981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789902386954, updateTime=1789902386954, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708267712940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902386967, updateTime=1789902386967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708200604068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN/file/pic?fileId=DFYjiBGwM+7bU4q3P0DayQ==, createTime=1789902386951, updateTime=1789902386951, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708280295854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902386970, updateTime=1789902386970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708229964199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1789902386959, updateTime=1789902386959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708271907245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902386968, updateTime=1789902386968, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708217381286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1789902386955, updateTime=1789902386955, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708246741418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789902386962, updateTime=1789902386962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708259324331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789902386965, updateTime=1789902386965, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科学学研究, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/kxxyj, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Studies in Science of Science, journalPhotoCn=f9wd5Gr2r/Af7TJ15O/VGg==, journalPhotoEn=XwgD5UmFTEVSmdnCgvlDZQ==, journalFirstLetter=K, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/Y2026/V44/I7/1384, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN/Y2026/V44/I7/1384, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/PDF/Y2026/V44/I7/1384, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN/PDF/Y2026/V44/I7/1384, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1784044800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)