Article(id=1318316531289801619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1318316496934261092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1746633600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-08, revisedDate=1764777600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792240754196, onlineDateStr=2026-10-17, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792240754196, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792240754196, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792240754196, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1318316496934261092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792240746004, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792240746004, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1513, endPage=1522, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1318316532527121300, articleId=1318316531289801619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=How does artificial intelligence policy empower new quality productive forces? Evidence from China’s national new generation artificial intelligence innovation development pilot zones, columnId=1309226375089840648, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Frontiers and Opinions, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

New quality productive forces represent a pioneering pathway of advanced high-quality development. Driven by technological innovation, the productive forces embody the productive capacity arising from critical and disruptive technological breakthroughs and serve as a vital means for achieving high-quality development. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology reshaping economic and social operations, as well as driving productivity leaps, assuming an increasingly prominent role in international competition and national development. As an institutional framework, AI policy holds substantial potential to guide and promote AI-enabled development of new quality productive forces. However, the mechanisms through which AI policy empowers new quality productive forces, as well as the contingent conditions governing this empowerment effect, remain under-researched through systematic empirical analysis. Existing evidence on this relationship has relied predominantly on theoretical discussions, while the limited quantitative literature focuses primarily on the firm level, leaving a gap in city-level empirical analysis. Given that cities serve as critical hubs for innovation clustering and industrial transformation, such analysis carries greater policy relevance. Furthermore, prior studies have emphasized the technology itself rather than policy effects. Drawing on an analytical framework encompassing technological innovation, production-factor allocation, and industrial upgrading, this study exploits the gradual implementation of China’s National New Generation Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Development Pilot Zones since 2019 as a quasi-experiment to quantitatively examine the impact of AI policy on multiple dimensions of new quality productive forces, including new workers, new means of production, new objects of labor, new technologies, new production organization, and new data factors. Results from a staggered difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation indicate that AI policy has increased new quality productive forces by at least 5.84%. Mechanism analysis reveals that the policy enhances new quality productive forces through stimulating technological innovation, optimizing production-factor allocation, and catalyzing industrial upgrading. Heterogeneity tests further indicate that the policy’s effect on new quality productive forces is more pronounced in cities with higher marketization levels and stronger technological capacity. This study offers insights into how AI policy can enhance high-quality development and foster the advancement of new quality productive forces. Sustained, AI policy-driven progress in new quality productive forces requires prioritizing technological innovation as the core driver, optimizing production-factor allocation as a supporting pillar, and advancing industrial upgrading as the implementation pathway, while concurrently improving cities’ marketization levels and technological capacity. Policy implementation should first establish a multi-tiered innovation ecosystem, such as creating an integrated support mechanism spanning basic research, applied research and commercialization. Second, efforts should continue toward building a unified national market for data factors, promoting institutional innovation in data ownership confirmation, circulation, trading, and regulation. Third, policies should foster coordinated development between traditional and emerging industries—on one hand, advancing the intelligent transformation of traditional industries, and on the other, cultivating strategic emerging industries and promoting the development of new AI-driven models. Finally, AI policy should enhance targeting precision and equity through guiding market entry cities with lower levels of marketization while reducing algorithm adoption barriers in technologically disadvantaged areas via national big data hub clusters and cross-regional scheduling networks.

, authors=Ya-ping LUO1, Jian-xian WU2, 3, authorsList=Ya-ping LUO, Jian-xian WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian-xian WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1318316533454062491, articleId=1318316531289801619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=人工智能政策何以赋能新质生产力?——来自国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区的证据, columnId=1309226375303750154, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=前沿与观点, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

理解人工智能政策如何促进新质生产力是加快技术服务于高质量发展的前提。基于技术创新、要素配置和产业升级分析框架,以2019年国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区渐进推行作为准实验,定量考察人工智能政策对包含新劳动者、新劳动资料、新劳动对象、新技术新生产组织及新数据要素的多维新质生产力的影响。交叠双重差分估计结果表明,人工智能政策至少促进了5.84%的新质生产力水平提升。人工智能政策通过技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化促进新质生产力。异质性结果显示,人工智能政策的赋能效应在市场化程度更高和技术能力更强的城市更显著。结论表明,持续推动人工智能政策赋能新质生产力需要以技术创新赋能为核心,以要素配置优化为支撑,以产业升级催化为路径,改善城市市场化程度和技术能力条件。

, authors=罗亚萍1, 吴健贤2, 3, authorsList=罗亚萍, 吴健贤, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴健贤, authorNote=

罗亚萍(1996-),女,博士研究生。

, correspAuthorsNote=
吴健贤(1997-),男,博士后研究员,博士,E-mail: 。
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罗亚萍(1996-),女,博士研究生。

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罗亚萍(1996-),女,博士研究生。

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3 深圳大学全球特大型城市治理研究院, 广东深圳 518060, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1318316533756052383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316533764440992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, companyId=1318316533756052383, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316533772829601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, companyId=1318316533756052383, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 深圳大学政府管理学院, 广东深圳 518060)]), AuthorCompany(id=1318316533831549858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316533839938467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, companyId=1318316533831549858, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Global Megacity Governance Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316533852521380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, companyId=1318316533831549858, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 深圳大学全球特大型城市治理研究院, 广东深圳 518060)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1318316534473278384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=artificial intelligence policy), Keyword(id=1318316534548775857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=new quality productive forces), Keyword(id=1318316534620079026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=artificial intelligence innovation development pilot zones), Keyword(id=1318316534695576499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=人工智能政策), Keyword(id=1318316534754296756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=新质生产力), Keyword(id=1318316534821405621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=人工智能创新发展试验区), Keyword(id=1318316534880125878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=准实验)], refs=[Reference(id=1318316536201331655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=25, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=任保平, 李培伟, journalName=四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=任保平, 李培伟. 人工智能时代新质生产力与新型生产关系的良性互动[J]. 四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2024(5): 25-34,207-208., articleTitle=人工智能时代新质生产力与新型生产关系的良性互动, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316536272634824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=25, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Ren B P, LI P W, journalName=Journal of Sichuan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren B P, LI P W. 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The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics, 2024, 41(6): 5-25., articleTitle=Measurement of new quality productivity level and new driving force for China's economic growth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539351254002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=84, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=42, authorNames=刘诚, 夏杰长, journalName=中国工业经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘诚, 夏杰长. 线上市场、数字平台与资源配置效率:价格机制与数据机制的作用[J]. 中国工业经济, 2023(7):84-102., articleTitle=线上市场、数字平台与资源配置效率:价格机制与数据机制的作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539460305907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=84, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Liu C, Xia J C, journalName=China Industrial Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu C, Xia J C. Online market, digital platform and resource allocation efficiency: The effect of price mechanism and data mechanism[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2023(7): 84-102., articleTitle=Online market, digital platform and resource allocation efficiency: The effect of price mechanism and data mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539573552116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=46, issue=5, pageStart=4, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=44, authorNames=干春晖, 郑若谷, 余典范, journalName=经济研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=干春晖, 郑若谷, 余典范. 中国产业结构变迁对经济增长和波动的影响[J]. 经济研究, 2011, 46(5):4-16,31., articleTitle=中国产业结构变迁对经济增长和波动的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539640660981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=46, issue=5, pageStart=4, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Gan C H, Zheng R G, Yu D F, journalName=Economic Research Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gan C H, Zheng R G, Yu D F. An empirical study on the effects of industrial structure on economic growth and fluctuations in China[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2011, 46(5): 4-16,31., articleTitle=An empirical study on the effects of industrial structure on economic growth and fluctuations in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539707769846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=46, issue=9, pageStart=4, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=46, authorNames=樊纲, 王小鲁, 马光荣, journalName=经济研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=樊纲, 王小鲁, 马光荣. 中国市场化进程对经济增长的贡献[J]. 经济研究, 2011, 46(9):4-16., articleTitle=中国市场化进程对经济增长的贡献, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539770684407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=46, issue=9, pageStart=4, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Fan G, Wang X L, Ma G R, journalName=Economic Research Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan G, Wang X L, Ma G R. Contribution of marketization to China's economic growth[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2011, 46(9): 4-16., articleTitle=Contribution of marketization to China's economic growth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539837793272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=133, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=48, authorNames=宗利成, 刘明霞, journalName=中国软科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宗利成, 刘明霞. 移动支付企业的创新选择:技术能力与CEO经验的双重视角——基于支付宝与财付通的双案例研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2019(4):133-141., articleTitle=移动支付企业的创新选择:技术能力与CEO经验的双重视角——基于支付宝与财付通的双案例研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1318316539913290745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=133, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Zong L C, Liu M X, journalName=China Soft Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zong L C, Liu M X. Innovation decision of emerging mobile payment industry based on the views of technology competences and CEO experiences: Two cases study of Alipay and Tenpay[J]. 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figureFileSmall=LqfcSkZqCDNpkDmIejTrFw==, figureFileBig=YedmOfAuFxUS8aE4E5GIYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1318316535500882877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

New quality productivity indicator system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度 指标 解释与来源 方向
新劳动者 战略新兴行业从业人数(人) 战略性新兴产业和未来产业上市公司的总员工数。数据来源于企业年报。 +
在岗职工平均工资(元) 在岗职工平均工资(元)可以反映当地人才的平均能力,数据来源于各市统计年鉴 +
普通高等学校学校数(所) 高等院校是提升劳动力素质的重要场所,数量越多,能够反应当地高素质教育能力越强,为当地培养更多的人才,数据来源于各市统计年鉴 +
新劳动资料 互联网宽带接入用户(千户) 数据来源于各市统计年鉴 +
电信业务总量(亿元) 数据来源于中国城市统计年鉴 +
机器人安装密度 参考魏下海等的做法①(① 具体做法参考魏下海,张沛康,杜宇洪.机器人如何重塑城市劳动力市场:移民工作任务的视角[J].经济学动态,2020(10):92-109。),利用Bartik工具变量法计算城市层面的机器人安装密度。数据来自国际机器人联合会(IFR) +
新劳动对象 环境污染治理投资(亿元) 数据来源于各市环境统计年鉴 +
碳交易、用能权交易以及排污权交易金额(亿元) 数据根据各地级市门户网站披露整理 +
生活垃圾无害化处理率 数据来源于中国城市统计年鉴 +
新技术和
新生产组织
人工智能企业数量(家) 数据来源于天眼查 +
科学支出占地方财政支出的比重(%) 数据来源于中国城市统计年鉴 +
当年申请的发明数量(项) 数据来源于国家专利总局 +
当年申请的实用新型数量(项) 数据来源于国家专利总局 +
当年申请的绿色发明数量(项) 数据来源于国家专利总局 +
当年申请的绿色实用新型数量(项) 数据来源于国家专利总局 +
数据要素 数据要素利用水平 采用城市层面上市公司数据资产相关词频来衡量,对该指标汇总后+1再取对数。数据资产词典参考苑泽明等的做法获取②(② 具体做法参考苑泽明,于翔,李萌.数据资产信息披露、机构投资差异质性与企业价值[J].现代财经(天津财经大学学报),2022,42(11):32-47。) +
有无数据交易平台(虚拟变量,取值为1代表有) 数据来自各市数据交易所设置情况 +
), ArticleFig(id=1318316535584768958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

新质生产力指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度 指标 解释与来源 方向
新劳动者 战略新兴行业从业人数(人) 战略性新兴产业和未来产业上市公司的总员工数。数据来源于企业年报。 +
在岗职工平均工资(元) 在岗职工平均工资(元)可以反映当地人才的平均能力,数据来源于各市统计年鉴 +
普通高等学校学校数(所) 高等院校是提升劳动力素质的重要场所,数量越多,能够反应当地高素质教育能力越强,为当地培养更多的人才,数据来源于各市统计年鉴 +
新劳动资料 互联网宽带接入用户(千户) 数据来源于各市统计年鉴 +
电信业务总量(亿元) 数据来源于中国城市统计年鉴 +
机器人安装密度 参考魏下海等的做法①(① 具体做法参考魏下海,张沛康,杜宇洪.机器人如何重塑城市劳动力市场:移民工作任务的视角[J].经济学动态,2020(10):92-109。),利用Bartik工具变量法计算城市层面的机器人安装密度。数据来自国际机器人联合会(IFR) +
新劳动对象 环境污染治理投资(亿元) 数据来源于各市环境统计年鉴 +
碳交易、用能权交易以及排污权交易金额(亿元) 数据根据各地级市门户网站披露整理 +
生活垃圾无害化处理率 数据来源于中国城市统计年鉴 +
新技术和
新生产组织
人工智能企业数量(家) 数据来源于天眼查 +
科学支出占地方财政支出的比重(%) 数据来源于中国城市统计年鉴 +
当年申请的发明数量(项) 数据来源于国家专利总局 +
当年申请的实用新型数量(项) 数据来源于国家专利总局 +
当年申请的绿色发明数量(项) 数据来源于国家专利总局 +
当年申请的绿色实用新型数量(项) 数据来源于国家专利总局 +
数据要素 数据要素利用水平 采用城市层面上市公司数据资产相关词频来衡量,对该指标汇总后+1再取对数。数据资产词典参考苑泽明等的做法获取②(② 具体做法参考苑泽明,于翔,李萌.数据资产信息披露、机构投资差异质性与企业价值[J].现代财经(天津财经大学学报),2022,42(11):32-47。) +
有无数据交易平台(虚拟变量,取值为1代表有) 数据来自各市数据交易所设置情况 +
), ArticleFig(id=1318316535643489215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 均值 标准差 最小值 最大值
新质生产力 0.0501 0.0738 0.0019 0.6182
人工智能试点 0.0140 0.1173 0.0000 1.0000
城市GDP(万元,对数) 16.5370 0.9832 13.6869 19.9170
城市人均GDP(元,对数) 10.6836 0.6223 8.4098 12.4565
第一产业产值(万元,对数) 14.1795 0.8700 10.0313 16.8176
第二产业产值(万元,对数) 15.7142 1.0414 12.2098 18.6362
第三产业产值(万元,对数) 15.6384 1.1040 12.5715 19.6704
人口数(万人,对数) 5.8686 0.7279 2.9704 8.1362
社会消费品零售总额(万元,对数) 15.5123 1.0978 12.2284 19.0129
公路客运量(万人,对数) 8.1117 1.2571 0.0000 12.1838
公路货运量(万吨,对数) 8.9475 0.9335 3.6636 12.5860
), ArticleFig(id=1318316535706403776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 均值 标准差 最小值 最大值
新质生产力 0.0501 0.0738 0.0019 0.6182
人工智能试点 0.0140 0.1173 0.0000 1.0000
城市GDP(万元,对数) 16.5370 0.9832 13.6869 19.9170
城市人均GDP(元,对数) 10.6836 0.6223 8.4098 12.4565
第一产业产值(万元,对数) 14.1795 0.8700 10.0313 16.8176
第二产业产值(万元,对数) 15.7142 1.0414 12.2098 18.6362
第三产业产值(万元,对数) 15.6384 1.1040 12.5715 19.6704
人口数(万人,对数) 5.8686 0.7279 2.9704 8.1362
社会消费品零售总额(万元,对数) 15.5123 1.0978 12.2284 19.0129
公路客运量(万人,对数) 8.1117 1.2571 0.0000 12.1838
公路货运量(万吨,对数) 8.9475 0.9335 3.6636 12.5860
), ArticleFig(id=1318316535781901249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Impact of artificial intelligence policy pilots on new quality productivity

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(1) (2) (3)
人工智能政策 0.0772*** 0.0762*** 0.0760***
(0.0076) (0.0079) (0.0079)
样本量 3922 3922 3922
拟合优度 0.9606 0.9607 0.9607
(4) (5) (6)
人工智能政策 0.0735*** 0.0607*** 0.0580***
(0.0079) (0.0074) (0.0069)
样本量 3922 3922 3922
拟合优度 0.9616 0.9657 0.9672
(7) (8) (9)
人工智能政策 0.0579*** 0.0585*** 0.0584***
(0.0069) (0.0069) (0.0069)
样本量 3922 3922 3922
拟合优度 0.9673 0.9676 0.9676
逐步加入控制变量 是 是 是
城市固定效应 是 是 是
年份固定效应 是 是 是
), ArticleFig(id=1318316535853204418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316531289801619, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

人工智能政策试点对新质生产力的影响

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(1) (2) (3)
人工智能政策 0.0772*** 0.0762*** 0.0760***
(0.0076) (0.0079) (0.0079)
样本量 3922 3922 3922
拟合优度 0.9606 0.9607 0.9607
(4) (5) (6)
人工智能政策 0.0735*** 0.0607*** 0.0580***
(0.0079) (0.0074) (0.0069)
样本量 3922 3922 3922
拟合优度 0.9616 0.9657 0.9672
(7) (8) (9)
人工智能政策 0.0579*** 0.0585*** 0.0584***
(0.0069) (0.0069) (0.0069)
样本量 3922 3922 3922
拟合优度 0.9673 0.9676 0.9676
逐步加入控制变量 是 是 是
城市固定效应 是 是 是
年份固定效应 是 是 是
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人工智能政策何以赋能新质生产力?——来自国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区的证据
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罗亚萍 1 , 吴健贤 2, 3
科学学研究 | 前沿与观点 2026,44(7): 1513-1522
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科学学研究 |前沿与观点 2026 , 44 (7) : 1513 -1522
人工智能政策何以赋能新质生产力?——来自国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区的证据
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罗亚萍(1996-),女,博士研究生。

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罗亚萍(1996-),女,博士研究生。

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罗亚萍1, 吴健贤2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 北京师范大学政府管理学院, 北京 100875
  • 2 深圳大学政府管理学院, 广东深圳 518060
  • 3 深圳大学全球特大型城市治理研究院, 广东深圳 518060
通讯作者:
吴健贤(1997-),男,博士后研究员,博士,E-mail: 。
作者简介:

罗亚萍(1996-),女,博士研究生。

How does artificial intelligence policy empower new quality productive forces? Evidence from China’s national new generation artificial intelligence innovation development pilot zones
Ya-ping LUO1, Jian-xian WU2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • 2 School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • 3 Global Megacity Governance Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15
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理解人工智能政策如何促进新质生产力是加快技术服务于高质量发展的前提。基于技术创新、要素配置和产业升级分析框架,以2019年国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区渐进推行作为准实验,定量考察人工智能政策对包含新劳动者、新劳动资料、新劳动对象、新技术新生产组织及新数据要素的多维新质生产力的影响。交叠双重差分估计结果表明,人工智能政策至少促进了5.84%的新质生产力水平提升。人工智能政策通过技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化促进新质生产力。异质性结果显示,人工智能政策的赋能效应在市场化程度更高和技术能力更强的城市更显著。结论表明,持续推动人工智能政策赋能新质生产力需要以技术创新赋能为核心,以要素配置优化为支撑,以产业升级催化为路径,改善城市市场化程度和技术能力条件。

人工智能政策  /  新质生产力  /  人工智能创新发展试验区  /  准实验

New quality productive forces represent a pioneering pathway of advanced high-quality development. Driven by technological innovation, the productive forces embody the productive capacity arising from critical and disruptive technological breakthroughs and serve as a vital means for achieving high-quality development. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology reshaping economic and social operations, as well as driving productivity leaps, assuming an increasingly prominent role in international competition and national development. As an institutional framework, AI policy holds substantial potential to guide and promote AI-enabled development of new quality productive forces. However, the mechanisms through which AI policy empowers new quality productive forces, as well as the contingent conditions governing this empowerment effect, remain under-researched through systematic empirical analysis. Existing evidence on this relationship has relied predominantly on theoretical discussions, while the limited quantitative literature focuses primarily on the firm level, leaving a gap in city-level empirical analysis. Given that cities serve as critical hubs for innovation clustering and industrial transformation, such analysis carries greater policy relevance. Furthermore, prior studies have emphasized the technology itself rather than policy effects. Drawing on an analytical framework encompassing technological innovation, production-factor allocation, and industrial upgrading, this study exploits the gradual implementation of China’s National New Generation Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Development Pilot Zones since 2019 as a quasi-experiment to quantitatively examine the impact of AI policy on multiple dimensions of new quality productive forces, including new workers, new means of production, new objects of labor, new technologies, new production organization, and new data factors. Results from a staggered difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation indicate that AI policy has increased new quality productive forces by at least 5.84%. Mechanism analysis reveals that the policy enhances new quality productive forces through stimulating technological innovation, optimizing production-factor allocation, and catalyzing industrial upgrading. Heterogeneity tests further indicate that the policy’s effect on new quality productive forces is more pronounced in cities with higher marketization levels and stronger technological capacity. This study offers insights into how AI policy can enhance high-quality development and foster the advancement of new quality productive forces. Sustained, AI policy-driven progress in new quality productive forces requires prioritizing technological innovation as the core driver, optimizing production-factor allocation as a supporting pillar, and advancing industrial upgrading as the implementation pathway, while concurrently improving cities’ marketization levels and technological capacity. Policy implementation should first establish a multi-tiered innovation ecosystem, such as creating an integrated support mechanism spanning basic research, applied research and commercialization. Second, efforts should continue toward building a unified national market for data factors, promoting institutional innovation in data ownership confirmation, circulation, trading, and regulation. Third, policies should foster coordinated development between traditional and emerging industries—on one hand, advancing the intelligent transformation of traditional industries, and on the other, cultivating strategic emerging industries and promoting the development of new AI-driven models. Finally, AI policy should enhance targeting precision and equity through guiding market entry cities with lower levels of marketization while reducing algorithm adoption barriers in technologically disadvantaged areas via national big data hub clusters and cross-regional scheduling networks.

artificial intelligence policy  /  new quality productive forces  /  artificial intelligence innovation development pilot zones
罗亚萍, 吴健贤. 人工智能政策何以赋能新质生产力?——来自国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区的证据. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (7) : 1513 -1522 .
Ya-ping LUO, Jian-xian WU. How does artificial intelligence policy empower new quality productive forces? Evidence from China’s national new generation artificial intelligence innovation development pilot zones[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (7) : 1513 -1522 .
党的二十大报告首次提出“发展新质生产力”,强调以数字技术和智能技术为牵引,变革生产要素组合方式、生产组织模式与价值创造体系,为高质量发展注入新动能。人工智能凭借算法、算力与数据优势,驱动生产要素、组织模式及制度的多层次变革,成为培育新质生产力的核心动力[1,2]。人工智能政策作为制度框架,具有引导与促进人工智能赋能新质生产力的强大潜力。然而,人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的机制框架以及该赋能效应的条件依赖机制仍有待系统性实证检验。
国内越来越多的文献基于公共管理及经济学理论来剖析人工智能与新生产力的关系。任保平和李培伟[1]基于政治经济学指出,人工智能催生的新型生产关系为新质生产力提供制度保障。米加宁等[3]认为,算力重构生产方式,成为新质生产力核心要素。孙早和曹源圆[4]利用熊彼特创新理论揭示人工智能是引领新质生产力跃升的战略支点。定量研究方面,陈凯鸣等[5]、陈余磊等[6]和余鑫鑫等[7]考察了人工智能对企业新质生产力的影响。何元浪和袁健红[8]、周明生等[9]探讨了以行业人工智能发展或者省份人工智能发明专利衡量的人工智能对省域新质生产力的影响。
然而,这些研究仍有值得推进之处。其一,现有分析人工智能赋能新质生产力的文章主要采用理论探讨方式,关于定量考察两者关系的研究则聚焦于企业层面,尚缺城市维度的实证分析,而城市作为创新集聚与产业转型的关键载体,更具政策指导意义。其二,“新质生产力”作为新时代中国特色社会主义经济高质量发展的核心范式,其包含新劳动者、新劳动资料、新劳动对象、新技术新生产组织及新数据要素在内的多维度涵义仍需进一步刻画。其三,定量探讨人工智能与新质生产力的文章侧重于技术本体而非政策影响[8,9]。
为了抢抓发展人工智能以促进国际竞争、经济发展与社会建设的重大战略机遇,2019年科技部发布《国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区建设工作指引》,以“试验区”为制度创新载体推动产学研用协同,这为考察人工智能政策对新质生产力的影响提供了准自然实验场景。本文基于新劳动者、新劳动资料、新劳动对象、新技术和新生产组织与新数据要素五大维度15项指标构建新质生产力评价体系,并搭建一个包含技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化的三维赋能机制框架,利用双重差分考察人工智能政策对新质生产力的影响,并从市场化程度与技术能力两维度考察异质性效应,厘清政策作用的条件依赖机制。
新质生产力的本质是对马克思主义生产力理论在数字经济时代的创新性发展[10,11]。从本体论视角来看,新质生产力并非简单的生产力数量增长,而是生产力质态的根本性跃迁。这种跃迁体现在三个层面的深层变革。
首先,要素结构革新。新质生产力突破了传统生产力以劳动力、资本、土地等物质要素为核心的范式,将数据、算法、算力等非物质要素提升至关键地位[10]。这一转变表明,新质生产力的构成属性在根本上与罗默内生增长理论相契合[12],数据和算法能够作为“非竞争性”生产要素,共同构成规模收益递增的源泉。不仅如此,新质生产力蕴含超越传统生产要素的特性。其数据要素具有非消耗性、可复制性和边际收益递增特征,降低数据处理和交易成本[13],因而突破了传统生产力受制于边际报酬递减规律的局限。
其次,生产方式变革。传统生产过程掺杂低技能、重复性以及规则性强的低端要素,束缚生产力跃迁。新质生产力借助数据与算法等新兴工具实现创造性破坏,形成智能化、网络化、平台化的生产组织形态。在这一过程中,生产要素组合实现动态优化配置,技术进步不仅更新劳动者的劳动能力,更创造劳动优势任务,形成人机协同的新型生产范式[14]。这种变革使生产系统具备更强的自适应能力和创新活力。
第三,价值创造跃迁。新质生产力本质在于以颠覆性技术与前沿科技创新,拓展与深化新质生产力的价值源泉,重塑价值创造。一方面,劳动、资本、土地等传统生产要素与突破性技术深度融合,促使单位时间内的价值创造效率倍增[11]。另一方面,数据已演变为一种新型关键生产要素,具有非竞争性、可复制性及潜在复用性,打破了传统要素的稀缺性约束,为价值创造提供了新源泉[10]。
相较于主要依赖资本与劳动加总的传统生产力,新质生产力的内涵突出创新的主导作用,是“摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径,具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征,符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态”。人工智能作为颠覆性创新技术,与新质生产力的内涵完美契合,成为培育和发展新质生产力的核心驱动力。与此同时,人工智能政策不仅超越了技术本身的赋能功能,还能通过政策指挥棒优化要素配置以及推动产业深度升级[15]。因此,本文从技术创新赋能、要素配置优化以及产业升级催化三个维度构建人工智能赋能新质生产力的路径框架。
在技术创新赋能维度,人工智能政策的核心价值在于为构建从基础研究到应用转化的完整创新链条提供制度性保障。“技术-经济”范式理论指出,技术革命通过重塑生产方式、重构劳动分工和变革经济结构,进而驱动长波经济周期的发展[16]。作为第六次“技术-经济”范式的核心驱动力,人工智能实现了知识经济与智能技术的深度融合,彻底重构了既有的生产逻辑、分工体系和创新模式。具体而言,数据要素已成为新质生产力的核心载体。经过价值化激活的数据要素,能够与传统生产要素实现深度协同,孕育出数字劳动者、数字劳动对象和数字生产资料等新型生产形态。相较于传统生产要素,数据驱动的生产范式实现了效率与价值的双重跃升[17]。其次,人工智能政策通过研发补贴、税收优惠和知识产权保护等多种政策工具组合,通过降低创新门槛、成本与风险,加速技术扩散,显著提升了全要素生产率[18]。最后,人工智能政策为颠覆性创新营造了制度环境,通过突破既有技术轨道的锁定效应,推动创新模式从渐进式向根本性跃迁。
在要素配置优化维度,人工智能政策的要义在于通过新型举国体制实现要素配置的帕累托最优。新型举国体制以“看得见的手”为引导,利用多元政策工具创造,整合金融、科研及产业链上下游资源,激活多主体创新[19],进而实现“劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升”。具体地,人工智能政策通过建设公共数据平台、推动算力资源共享和促进数据要素流通,优化了生产要素配置。在传统生产要素领域,政策发挥了指挥棒作用,引导资金从物理设备和设施建设转向智能技术、创新平台、数据资产和知识产权保护等关键领域。此外,人工智能政策通过优化生产要素组合,在淘汰低端劳动要素的同时,增强高技能劳动者的能力,促进人工智能与劳动的协同创新,使复杂环境下的决策更快速、更精准。
产业升级催化是人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的宏观机制,也是其终极目标之一[18]。这一过程体现为人工智能政策推动价值链从低端向高端攀升、从传统产业向新兴产业跃迁的系统性变革。数据要素作为核心生产要素嵌入传统产业,通过资源整合与流程优化,重塑了价值链形态。例如,就服务业的需求侧而言,人工智能凭借强大的算法功能精准预测市场需求,帮助企业快速调整研发策略,开发出符合消费者需求的创新产品。同时,基于数据分析和机器学习,企业能够提供更精细的服务,在扩大消费需求的同时,刺激供给端对创新性需求做出回应[20]。另一方面,人工智能政策引导劳动与人工智能深度协同的新型产业生态,推动价值链重构。近年来,围绕人工智能技术形成了日益完善的产业链条,如算法开发、数据标注、智能硬件等。这种基于数字化、网络化、智能化特征的新型产业组织形态释放了数据要素在价值创造中的乘数效应[11]。长期来看,先行试点地区通过技术示范和模式创新,为其他地区提供了可复制、可推广的经验,加速了人工智能技术的地理扩散,为区域协调新质生产力发展创造了新的可能性。
基于上述理论分析,该研究提出两个研究假说。
假说1:人工智能政策显著促进了新质生产力的提升。
假说2:人工智能政策通过技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化促进新质生产力。
为了揭示人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的深层条件依赖机制,本研究在基准回归的基础上引入制度和演化视角,从市场化程度与技术能力两个关键维度上探究人工智能政策的差异化赋能效果,进而为提升政策靶向性与平衡性提供实证依据。
制度经济学中制度与技术的互动关系表明,制度为技术提供激励和约束框架,制度环境决定了经济主体的激励结构和行为模式[21]。人工智能政策作为正式制度的重要组成部分,其效果必然受到区域制度禀赋的深刻影响。区域制度禀赋的差异主要体现在市场化程度上。在市场化程度较高的地区,要素市场发育完善,资源配置效率较高,创新活力较强。在这种制度环境下,政策更多扮演“催化剂”角色,通过降低交易成本、完善产权保护和优化营商环境,激发市场主体的内生创新动力[22]。相比之下,在市场化程度较低的地区,资源配置仍然受到较强的行政干预,要素流动面临较多制度性障碍[23],缺乏实现劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升的基本条件。
假说3:人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的效果因市场化程度而异。在市场化程度越高的城市,人工智能政策赋能效果越显著。
技术能力也可能使人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的效果呈现条件依赖性。技术能力本质上体现了该区域对外部知识的识别、吸收、转化和应用的能力[24]。技术能力较强的城市往往拥有更为丰富的知识存量、更为完善的创新基础设施以及更为密集的创新主体网络,这使其在面对外部政策冲击时能够更快速地识别政策机遇、更有效地吸收政策资源、更充分地将政策红利转化为实际生产力[25]。人工智能技术具有高度复杂性和快速迭代性特征,对其应用场景的识别和潜在价值的判断需要较强的技术洞察力。高科技企业密集的地区由于长期从事前沿技术研发,积累了丰富的人力资源、技术知识和市场经验,对人工智能技术的发展趋势、应用前景和实施路径有更为敏锐的感知能力。当人工智能政策推出时,这些地区能够迅速识别政策中蕴含的战略机遇,准确把握技术发展方向,及时调整创新战略和资源配置,从而在政策窗口期抢占先机。相反,技术能力薄弱的城市由于缺乏必要的知识基础和承接能力,难以准确评估政策带来的机遇,在政策响应上表现出滞后性和盲目性,导致错失政策红利期或陷入低效投资陷阱。因此,即便获得相同的政策支持,也难以实现政策资源的高效利用,从而导致政策效果的衰减。
假说4:人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的效果因城市技术能力程度而异。在技术能力越强的城市,人工智能政策赋能效果越显著。
本文利用交叠双重差分模型来估计人工智能政策对于新质生产力的影响,构建模型如下:
${Y}_{it}=\alpha +{\beta }_{1}A{I}_{it}+\gamma {X}_{it}+{\varphi }_{i}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mathrm{ϵ}}_{it}$
其中,Yit是本文的因变量,用以衡量城市i第t年的新质生产力水平。参考韩文龙等[26]的做法,从新劳动者、新劳动资料、新劳动对象、新技术和新生产组织、新数据要素五个方面来构造新质生产力指标,并使用客观赋权的熵值法进行综合指数测算(参见表1)。AIit为核心解释变量,代表国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区。该变量为虚拟变量,若城市i在2019年及之后被纳入试验区,则认为该城市实施了人工智能政策,取值为1,反之为0。如果估计系数β1为正,并且具有统计意义上显著水平,那么意味着人工智能政策有助于提升新质生产力。试验区城市名单及其试验年份来自科技部官方网站。
Xit为一系列城市层级的控制变量。城市层面控制变量具体包括以下几个方面:一是经济发展水平,在模型中加入城市生产总值(GDP)和城市人均GDP控制城市整体经济能力的影响;二是产业结构差异;三是人口与市场需求。人口数与社会消费品零售总额分别代表劳动力供给潜力和消费市场规模,二者直接关联数字人才密度、算法训练数据丰富度与智能服务需求强度,是驱动人工智能落地与新质生产力提升的关键需求侧因素。四是物流条件。利用公路客运量和货运量衡量城市物流条件,以控制交通连通性和物流效率对人工智能在供应链优化、智能调度等场景的放大效应。以上数据均来自《中国城市统计年鉴》,在回归模型中进行对数处理。
ϵit是随机扰动项。本文控制了城市固定效应和年份固定效应缓解不可观测的遗漏变量的干扰。
交叠双重差分模型估计的有效性前提是处理组和对照组在人工智能政策实施之前平行趋势成立。本文构造如下反事实事件分析模型来检验平行趋势:
${Y}_{it}=\alpha +\sum _{k\ge -3,\ne -1}^{3}{\vartheta }_{k}A{I}_{ik}+\gamma {X}_{it}+{\varphi }_{i}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mathrm{ϵ}}_{it}$
其中,AIik代表城市i在事件时间k(相对于政策干预的年份)是否受到人工智能政策的冲击。当k小于0时,估计系数${\vartheta }_{k}$代表人工智能干预之前处理组和对照组关于新质生产力的差异。此时,${\vartheta }_{k}$不具有统计显著水平,意味着处理组和对照组是可比的。那么,在k大于等于0时,估计系数${\vartheta }_{k}$捕捉了人工智能干预之后,处理组相较于对照组新质生产力的变动状况。其余变量与基准估计保持一致。本文汇报了2009-2022年主要变量的描述性统计量(参见表2)。
本文汇报了人工智能政策对于新质生产力影响的基准估计结果(参见表3)。列(1)至列(9)展示了逐步加入经济发展水平、产业结构、人口与市场需求以及物流条件9个控制变量后,人工智能对新质生产力的影响效应。各模型均显示人工智能政策在1%的统计显著水平上促进新质生产力提升。从经济意义上看,人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的效应在5.84%-7.6%范围内。本文呈现了基准交叠双重差分模型的事件分析结果(参见图1)。不难发现,在人工智能政策干预之前,处理组和对照组关于新质生产力的差异不大。而在人工智能政策干预之后,处理组相较于对照组新质生产力得到明显提升。基准估计结果经过倾向得分匹配、熵平衡法以及工具变量法等多重手段缓解选择偏误等内生性问题后仍然稳健(参见附录表A1-A6)。因此研究假说1得到验证。
本文从技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化三个维度来剖析人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的内在机理。构建如下三重差分模型→交互项机制分析模型,以检验人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的机制:
${Y}_{it}=\alpha +{\rho }_{1}A{I}_{it}\times {M}_{it}+{\rho }_{2}A{I}_{it}+{\rho }_{3}{M}_{it}+\gamma {X}_{it}+{\varphi }_{i}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mathrm{ϵ}}_{it}$
在公式(3)中,交互项AIit×Mit的系数ρ1用于刻画人工智能政策对新质生产力的促进效应在不同机制条件的城市间是否存在显著差异。若ρ1显著为正,则表明在该机制条件较好的城市中人工智能政策的赋能效应更为突出,从而验证了该机制的有效性。Mit为机制变量,分别表示技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化。其中,技术创新赋能机制采用基于DEA方法测算的全要素生产率作为代理变量。全要素生产率能够综合反映技术进步、管理优化和创新活动对生产效率的提升效应,是衡量技术创新能力的核心指标。要素配置优化机制采用生产函数法测算的要素市场扭曲指数来衡量[27]。对该指数取倒数,为表明要素市场化与资源配置效率的正向指标。产业升级催化机制则采用产业结构高级化指数进行测度,该指数采用第三产业产值与第二产业产值之比,能够准确刻画产业向服务化方向转型的态势[28]。
机制检验结果见图2。技术创新赋能机制的回归系数为0.0644,表明高全要素生产率城市中人工智能政策对新质生产力的促进效应额外提升6.44个百分点。这说明试验区营造的制度环境能够突破技术锁定效应,推动从渐进式创新向根本性创新转变,进而系统性提升全要素生产率。要素配置优化机制的系数为0.0587,表明低要素市场扭曲城市中政策效应额外增强5.87个百分点。良好的市场机制能够有效引导人工智能资源流向高生产率部门,提升要素配置的帕累托效率,形成要素优化与技术创新相互促进的良性循环。产业升级催化机制的系数为0.0537,表明高产业结构高级化城市中政策效果提升5.37个百分点。三条机制的估计量均在1%水平上显著为正,证实人工智能政策通过技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化三个渠道促进新质生产力发展,假说2得到验证。
本节从城市市场化程度与技术能力两个角度来考察人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的条件依赖机制。其中,市场化程度采用樊纲等[29]提供的地区市场化指数来衡量,城市技术能力使用各市高科技企业数量来代理[30]。图3展示了异质性分析结果。市场化程度与人工智能政策试点的交互项系数在1%水平上显著为正,市场化程度每提高一个标准差,人工智能政策的边际效应将增加0.0256个单位。这一结果表明在市场化程度较高的地区,人工智能政策对新质生产力的提升效果更加显著。至此,假说3得到验证。另外,技术能力与人工智能政策试点的交互项系数为0.0523,同样在1%水平上显著为正。这表明,技术能力较强的地区,特别是拥有更多高科技企业和更活跃创新生态的地区,能够更快速、更充分地吸收和转化人工智能政策带来的技术支持和知识溢出,进而促进新质生产力水平快速提高。这一结果支持了假说4。
作为全面建设社会主义现代化国家以及推动高质量发展的核心动力,人工智能与新质生产力近年来受到广泛讨论,但既有文献大多从理论上论证两者关系,且主要聚焦于人工智能技术本体的效应,缺乏关于人工智能政策如何赋能新质生产力的经验证据。本文基于技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化的分析框架,利用国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区逐步建立的准实验,构造一个包括新劳动者、新劳动资料、新劳动对象、新技术新生产组织及新数据要素在内的多维新质生产力指标,采用双重差分模型来考察人工智能政策对新质生产力的影响。研究发现,第一,人工智能政策至少促进了5.84%的新质生产力水平提升。第二,人工智能政策通过技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化赋能新质生产力。第三,人工智能赋能新质生产力的效应具有市场化程度与技术能力的异质性,赋能效应在市场化程度更高以及技术能力更强的城市更显著。
本研究为有关人工智能与新质生产力的研究做出重要拓展。第一,不同于既有从理论上论证人工智能与新质生产力的研究,本文超越对技术本体的探讨,基于严格的计量手段系统揭示了人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的机制,即技术创新赋能作为核心驱动、要素配置优化作为关键支撑、产业升级催化作为实现路径。第二,除了检验人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的平均效应,本文还识别了人工智能政策赋能效应的关键条件依赖特征。研究发现市场化程度和技术能力是人工智能政策赋能的实现条件,为精准施策提供了实证依据。
基于以上发现,本文提出下列政策启示。创造技术创新赋能、要素配置优化和产业升级催化是快速催生新质生产力的核心抓手。因此,继续促进人工智能政策赋能新质生产力首先需要以技术创新赋能为核心,构建多层次创新生态体系。通过加大基础研究投入,建立“基础研究-应用研究-产业化”全链条支持机制;通过税收优惠、研发费用加计扣除等政策,引导各主体增加研发投入,形成“政府引导、市场主导”的创新格局。同时,整合政产学研用资源,鼓励企业、高校、科研机构共享数据、算力、算法等资源,降低创新成本。其二,以要素配置优化为支撑,推动资源高效流动与重组。建立全国统一的数据要素市场,推动数据确权、流通、交易、监管等环节的制度创新。配备完善的高技能人才培养与引进制度以及强化对技术与数据的金融支持。其三,以产业升级催化为路径,推动传统产业与新兴产业协同发展。一方面,对传统产业进行智能化改造,支持制造业引入人工智能、工业互联网等技术,实现生产流程优化及提升生产效率。另一方面,培育战略性新兴产业,加强跨域跨行业的合作与技术交流,推动“人工智能+”新业态发展。
异质性检验结果表明,市场化程度越高以及技术能力越强的城市,人工智能政策赋能新质生产力的效果越显著。人工智能政策应提升政策靶向性与公平性。高市场化地区需减少直接干预,强化制度供给;低市场化地区需通过“政策搭台、市场唱戏”逐步培育新质生产力的内生动力。另外,重视平衡技术能力禀赋低的城市发展新质生产力。一方面,顶层设计层面可通过全国一体化大数据中心枢纽节点、异构算力跨域调度网络和普惠型“算力券”制度,降低中西部与东北部城市的算法使用壁垒。同时,完善数据流通安全治理,在数据确权、跨区流转和隐私计算三端为欠发达地区提供制度兜底。另一方面,地方层面可通过硬件、制度与人才的三元协同,将政策红利从东部核心城市传导至欠发达地区。
  • 国家社会科学基金重大项目(24ZDA051)
  • 国家社会科学基金重点项目(22AZD141)
  • 中国博士后科学基金第78批面上资助项目(2025M780694)
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  • 接收时间:2025-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-17
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08
  • 修回日期:2025-12-04
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(24ZDA051)
国家社会科学基金重点项目(22AZD141)
中国博士后科学基金第78批面上资助项目(2025M780694)
作者信息
    1 北京师范大学政府管理学院, 北京 100875
    2 深圳大学政府管理学院, 广东深圳 518060
    3 深圳大学全球特大型城市治理研究院, 广东深圳 518060

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吴健贤(1997-),男,博士后研究员,博士,E-mail: 。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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