Article(id=1318316510649635266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1318316496934261092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749657600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-12, revisedDate=1754668800000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792240749274, onlineDateStr=2026-10-17, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792240749274, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792240749274, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792240749274, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1318316496934261092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1568', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792240746004, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792240746004, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1501, endPage=1512, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1318316510876127683, articleId=1318316510649635266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Research on the influence mechanism of patent thicket on the high-quality development of enterprises, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Against the backdrop of the deep integration between global technological innovation waves and institutional reforms, patent thicket has emerged as a quintessential phenomenon in the evolution of intellectual property systems, characterized by property right fragmentation and unbalanced patent allocation. Despite its growing relevance in modern industrial landscapes, existing literature has not fully explored the specific mechanisms through which its structural contradictions influence the high-quality development of enterprises. This research aims to bridge this gap by adopting a multi-theoretical framework integrating resource-based theory, transaction cost theory, and dynamic capability theory, seeking to systematically dissect the complex interplay between patent thicket dynamics and enterprise development trajectories.

The study constructs a two-dimensional analytical model explicitly incorporating two critical dimensions: density-induced fragmentation costs and quality-driven synergistic benefits. Departing from traditional single-dimensional approaches, this model recognizes patent thicket as an interactive system where the quantitative accumulation of patents and their qualitative attributes co-evolve to shape organizational outcomes. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2023, the research employs panel data fixed-effect models to establish causal relationships and moderating effect tests to explore contextual contingencies. This empirical strategy enables a nuanced examination of how patent thicket operates across diverse organizational and environmental contexts.

Key findings reveal a dualistic influence of patent thicket on enterprise high-quality development. Specifically, patent thicket density demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect, primarily attributed to escalating transaction costs, innovation bottlenecks, and strategic lock-ins arising from fragmented intellectual property rights. Conversely, patent thicket quality—operationalized through indicators including patent originality, technological centrality, and commercial value—exerts a robust promoting effect by facilitating knowledge spillovers, enhancing competitive positioning, and enabling dynamic capability building.

The study further uncovers that environmental dynamism, characterized by rapid technological changes and market fluctuations, and environmental complexity, reflecting stakeholder diversity and regulatory landscapes, act as positive moderators. These factors amplify both the inhibitory effect of density and the promotive effect of quality, indicating that in volatile environments, challenges posed by patent density intensify while advantages of high-quality patents become more pronounced.

Additionally, the research highlights heterogeneous effects across firm characteristics. Small-scale enterprises exhibit heightened sensitivity to patent density, likely due to their limited resource buffers and bargaining power in patent licensing negotiations. In contrast, high-quality patents demonstrate a more significant innovation-driven effect for enterprises in highly competitive industries, where technological superiority serves as a critical differentiator. These findings illuminate how resource endowment, such as firm size, and market structure, such as industry competitiveness, moderate the patent thicket effect, providing insights into context-specific strategic responses.

By reconstructing patent thicket as an interactive system of density and quality, this study transcends conventional paradigms and offers a more nuanced understanding of its operational laws in dynamic environments. Theoretical contributions include integrating fragmented literatures, proposing a novel analytical framework, and identifying contingency mechanisms. Practically, the findings provide strategic guidance for Chinese enterprises to navigate patent thicket challenges, particularly in formulating balanced patent acquisition strategies, enhancing patent quality management, and adapting to environmental uncertainties. This research thus serves as a vital theoretical anchor for promoting high-quality development within China's evolving innovation ecosystem.

, authors=Peng LI1, Wen-jing HUANG1, Hua-tao PENG1, 2, authorsList=Peng LI, Wen-jing HUANG, Hua-tao PENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hua-tao PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1318316511392027076, articleId=1318316510649635266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=专利丛林对企业高质量发展的影响机制研究, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在全球技术创新浪潮与制度变革深度融合的背景下,专利丛林作为知识产权制度演化过程中产权碎片化与专利权配置失衡的典型现象,其结构性矛盾对企业高质量发展的作用机制尚未可知。本研究基于资源基础理论、交易成本理论和动态能力理论框架,构建包含密度碎片化成本与质量协同收益的双维度分析模型,以2010-2023年A股上市公司为研究对象,采用面板数据固定效应模型与调节效应检验实证研究专利丛林影响企业高质量发展的影响机制。研究发现:专利丛林密度对企业高质量发展具有抑制作用,专利丛林质量具有促进作用;环境动态性和复杂性正向调节专利丛林密度、质量与企业高质量发展之间的关系。小规模企业对专利密度的敏感性更为显著,而高质量专利对高竞争行业企业的创新驱动效应更为显著,揭示了资源禀赋与市场结构对专利丛林效应的差异化机制。本研究突破传统单维度分析框架,将专利丛林重塑为密度与质量的交互作用系统,揭示其在动态环境中的作用规律,为中国经济情境下企业突破专利丛林效应、实现高质量发展提供了理论支撑。

, authors=李鹏1, 黄文静1, 彭华涛1, 2, authorsList=李鹏, 黄文静, 彭华涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=彭华涛, authorNote=

李鹏(1984-),男,副教授,博士。

黄文静(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

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彭华涛(1979-),男,教授、博士生导师,E-mail:。
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Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2022,6., articleTitle=Patenting and standardization: Similarities and differences based on firms' strategic motives and experienced barriers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1318316516030927345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, awardId=23BGL085, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金资助项目(23BGL085), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1318316511626908101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316511639491014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, companyId=1318316511626908101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Entrepreneurship, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316511647879623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, companyId=1318316511626908101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 武汉理工大学创业学院, 湖北武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1318316511710794184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316511719182793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, companyId=1318316511710794184, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1318316511727571402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, companyId=1318316511710794184, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 武汉理工大学管理学院, 湖北武汉 430070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1318316514999128549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Definition and description of main variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量维度 变量名称 变量代码 变量说明
被解释变量 高质量发展 TFP LP法进行测度,公式见(1)(2)
解释变量 专利丛林密度 Frag 专利分散指数,公式见(3)
专利丛林质量 PQ 知识宽度,公式见(4)
调节变量 环境动态性 Ed 经行业调整后的环境动态性
环境复杂性 Ec 行业竞争者数量的自然对数
控制变量 董事会规模 Board 期末董事会人数的自然对数
企业年龄 Age 企业上市年限加1的自然对数
企业规模 Size 总资产的自然对数
托宾Q值 Q 衡量企业市场价值指标
资产收益率 Roe 净利润/期末资产
资产负债率 Lev 负债/期末资产
独立董事比例 PID 期末独立董事人数/期末董事人数
两职合一 CCD 董事长与总经理两职合一,取值为1,否则取值为0
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515074626022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要变量定义与说明

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量维度 变量名称 变量代码 变量说明
被解释变量 高质量发展 TFP LP法进行测度,公式见(1)(2)
解释变量 专利丛林密度 Frag 专利分散指数,公式见(3)
专利丛林质量 PQ 知识宽度,公式见(4)
调节变量 环境动态性 Ed 经行业调整后的环境动态性
环境复杂性 Ec 行业竞争者数量的自然对数
控制变量 董事会规模 Board 期末董事会人数的自然对数
企业年龄 Age 企业上市年限加1的自然对数
企业规模 Size 总资产的自然对数
托宾Q值 Q 衡量企业市场价值指标
资产收益率 Roe 净利润/期末资产
资产负债率 Lev 负债/期末资产
独立董事比例 PID 期末独立董事人数/期末董事人数
两职合一 CCD 董事长与总经理两职合一,取值为1,否则取值为0
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515158512103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistical analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Mean Sd Min Max
被解释变量 TFP_LP 8.609 1.028 5.205 12.83
解释变量 PQ 0.882 0.145 0 0.996
Frag 0.855 0.241 0 1
调节变量 Ed 1.204 1.072 0.00867 17.42
Ec 4.646 1.052 0 6.443
控制变量 PID 0.376 0.0577 0.167 0.8
Age 2.461 0.526 0.693 3.526
Board 2.136 0.201 1.099 2.89
CCD 0.251 0.434 0 1
Lev 0.457 0.202 0.0108 3.166
ROE 0.019 2.858 -186.6 282
Q 2.049 1.454 0.641 29.17
Size 22.63 1.344 17.95 28.7
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515242398184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Mean Sd Min Max
被解释变量 TFP_LP 8.609 1.028 5.205 12.83
解释变量 PQ 0.882 0.145 0 0.996
Frag 0.855 0.241 0 1
调节变量 Ed 1.204 1.072 0.00867 17.42
Ec 4.646 1.052 0 6.443
控制变量 PID 0.376 0.0577 0.167 0.8
Age 2.461 0.526 0.693 3.526
Board 2.136 0.201 1.099 2.89
CCD 0.251 0.434 0 1
Lev 0.457 0.202 0.0108 3.166
ROE 0.019 2.858 -186.6 282
Q 2.049 1.454 0.641 29.17
Size 22.63 1.344 17.95 28.7
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515317895657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of baseline regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP
Frag -0.004** -0.003* -0.004**
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
PQ 0.012*** 0.015*** 0.011***
(0.003) (0.003) (0.003)
Frag_Ec -0.003**
(0.001)
Ec -0.005*** -0.004**
(0.002) (0.002)
PQ_Ec 0.007**
(0.003)
Frag_Ed -0.004*
(0.003)
Ed 0.001** 0.001**
(0.001) (0.001)
PQ_Ed 0.008**
(0.003)
Board 0.010* 0.010 0.010* 0.010 0.010* 0.010
(0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006)
Roe -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Size 0.070*** 0.070*** 0.070*** 0.069*** 0.070*** 0.069***
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
Lev -0.010 -0.009 -0.010 -0.010 -0.010 -0.010
(0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006)
Age 0.011** 0.011** 0.011** 0.012** 0.011** 0.011**
(0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005)
PID 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002
(0.014) (0.014) (0.013) (0.013) (0.014) (0.014)
Q 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003***
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
CCD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
_cons 0.511*** 0.509*** 0.533*** 0.528*** 0.517*** 0.519***
(0.046) (0.046) (0.046) (0.046) (0.046) (0.046)
id Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
year Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 19712 19712 19712 19712 19712 19712
r2 0.927 0.927 0.927 0.927 0.927 0.927
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515414364650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归结果分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP
Frag -0.004** -0.003* -0.004**
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
PQ 0.012*** 0.015*** 0.011***
(0.003) (0.003) (0.003)
Frag_Ec -0.003**
(0.001)
Ec -0.005*** -0.004**
(0.002) (0.002)
PQ_Ec 0.007**
(0.003)
Frag_Ed -0.004*
(0.003)
Ed 0.001** 0.001**
(0.001) (0.001)
PQ_Ed 0.008**
(0.003)
Board 0.010* 0.010 0.010* 0.010 0.010* 0.010
(0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006)
Roe -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Size 0.070*** 0.070*** 0.070*** 0.069*** 0.070*** 0.069***
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
Lev -0.010 -0.009 -0.010 -0.010 -0.010 -0.010
(0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006)
Age 0.011** 0.011** 0.011** 0.012** 0.011** 0.011**
(0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005)
PID 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002
(0.014) (0.014) (0.013) (0.013) (0.014) (0.014)
Q 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003***
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
CCD 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
_cons 0.511*** 0.509*** 0.533*** 0.528*** 0.517*** 0.519***
(0.046) (0.046) (0.046) (0.046) (0.046) (0.046)
id Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
year Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 19712 19712 19712 19712 19712 19712
r2 0.927 0.927 0.927 0.927 0.927 0.927
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515502445035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression results of robustness test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4)
lnTFP_OP lnTFP_OP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP
Frag -0.005** -0.004**
(0.002) (0.002)
PQ 0.011*** 0.012***
(0.004) (0.004)
Board 0.008 0.007 0.010 0.010
(0.007) (0.007) (0.006) (0.006)
Age 0.007 0.007 0.011* 0.011*
(0.006) (0.006) (0.005) (0.005)
Size 0.066*** 0.065*** 0.070*** 0.070***
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
Roe -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Q 0.004*** 0.004*** 0.003*** 0.003***
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
Lev -0.020** -0.020** -0.010 -0.009
(0.008) (0.008) (0.007) (0.007)
PID -0.000 -0.001 0.002 0.002
(0.017) (0.017) (0.013) (0.013)
CCD -0.001 -0.001 0.000 0.000
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
_cons 0.410*** 0.409*** 0.511*** 0.509***
(0.054) (0.054) (0.044) (0.043)
id Yes Yes Yes Yes
year Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 19712 19712 19712 19712
r2 0.894 0.894 0.927 0.927
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515590525420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

稳健性检验回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4)
lnTFP_OP lnTFP_OP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP
Frag -0.005** -0.004**
(0.002) (0.002)
PQ 0.011*** 0.012***
(0.004) (0.004)
Board 0.008 0.007 0.010 0.010
(0.007) (0.007) (0.006) (0.006)
Age 0.007 0.007 0.011* 0.011*
(0.006) (0.006) (0.005) (0.005)
Size 0.066*** 0.065*** 0.070*** 0.070***
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
Roe -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000
(0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
Q 0.004*** 0.004*** 0.003*** 0.003***
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
Lev -0.020** -0.020** -0.010 -0.009
(0.008) (0.008) (0.007) (0.007)
PID -0.000 -0.001 0.002 0.002
(0.017) (0.017) (0.013) (0.013)
CCD -0.001 -0.001 0.000 0.000
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
_cons 0.410*** 0.409*** 0.511*** 0.509***
(0.054) (0.054) (0.044) (0.043)
id Yes Yes Yes Yes
year Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 19712 19712 19712 19712
r2 0.894 0.894 0.927 0.927
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515686994413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Regression results of endogeneity test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2)
lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP
L_Frag -0.005*
(0.003)
L_PQ 0.008**
(0.004)
Board 0.008 0.008
(0.007) (0.007)
Size 0.068*** 0.067***
(0.003) (0.002)
Age 0.015** 0.015**
(0.007) (0.007)
Q 0.004*** 0.004***
(0.001) (0.001)
Roe -0.000 -0.000
(0.000) (0.000)
Lev -0.013* -0.013*
(0.007) (0.007)
PID 0.006 0.006
(0.015) (0.015)
CCD -0.001 -0.001
(0.002) (0.002)
_cons 0.562*** 0.559***
(0.056) (0.056)
id Yes Yes
year Yes Yes
N 15435 15435
r2 0.937 0.937
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515766686190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

内生性检验回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2)
lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP
L_Frag -0.005*
(0.003)
L_PQ 0.008**
(0.004)
Board 0.008 0.008
(0.007) (0.007)
Size 0.068*** 0.067***
(0.003) (0.002)
Age 0.015** 0.015**
(0.007) (0.007)
Q 0.004*** 0.004***
(0.001) (0.001)
Roe -0.000 -0.000
(0.000) (0.000)
Lev -0.013* -0.013*
(0.007) (0.007)
PID 0.006 0.006
(0.015) (0.015)
CCD -0.001 -0.001
(0.002) (0.002)
_cons 0.562*** 0.559***
(0.056) (0.056)
id Yes Yes
year Yes Yes
N 15435 15435
r2 0.937 0.937
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515850572271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Regression results of heterogeneity analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
大规模 小规模 大规模 小规模 低竞争 高竞争 低竞争 高竞争
lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP
Frag -0.003 -0.005** -0.004* -0.003
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.003)
PQ 0.003 0.013*** 0.005 0.014***
(0.004) (0.004) (0.005) (0.004)
Board -0.003 0.016* -0.003 0.016* 0.004 0.015 0.004 0.015
(0.006) (0.009) (0.006) (0.009) (0.007) (0.010) (0.007) (0.010)
Size 0.061*** 0.083*** 0.060*** 0.082*** 0.069*** 0.065*** 0.068*** 0.065***
(0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003)
Age 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.016** 0.005 0.016**
(0.007) (0.008) (0.007) (0.008) (0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.007)
Q 0.005*** 0.003*** 0.005*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003***
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
Roe 0.002 -0.000*** 0.002 -0.000*** -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000
(0.001) (0.000) (0.001) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
PID -0.013 0.037* -0.013 0.036* -0.012 0.012 -0.013 0.012
(0.017) (0.020) (0.017) (0.019) (0.017) (0.019) (0.017) (0.019)
Lev -0.037*** -0.004 -0.037*** -0.004 -0.028*** 0.004 -0.028*** 0.004
(0.010) (0.008) (0.010) (0.008) (0.008) (0.009) (0.008) (0.009)
CCD 0.002 -0.002 0.002 -0.002 -0.001 0.001 -0.001 0.001
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
_cons 0.805*** 0.213*** 0.805*** 0.217*** 0.585*** 0.579*** 0.585*** 0.575***
(0.078) (0.071) (0.078) (0.071) (0.062) (0.071) (0.062) (0.071)
id Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
year Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 9744 9704 9744 9704 9528 9676 9528 9676
r2 0.923 0.856 0.923 0.857 0.947 0.924 0.947 0.925
), ArticleFig(id=1318316515921875440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1318316510649635266, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

异质性分析回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
大规模 小规模 大规模 小规模 低竞争 高竞争 低竞争 高竞争
lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP lnTFP_LP
Frag -0.003 -0.005** -0.004* -0.003
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.003)
PQ 0.003 0.013*** 0.005 0.014***
(0.004) (0.004) (0.005) (0.004)
Board -0.003 0.016* -0.003 0.016* 0.004 0.015 0.004 0.015
(0.006) (0.009) (0.006) (0.009) (0.007) (0.010) (0.007) (0.010)
Size 0.061*** 0.083*** 0.060*** 0.082*** 0.069*** 0.065*** 0.068*** 0.065***
(0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003)
Age 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.016** 0.005 0.016**
(0.007) (0.008) (0.007) (0.008) (0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.007)
Q 0.005*** 0.003*** 0.005*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003*** 0.003***
(0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
Roe 0.002 -0.000*** 0.002 -0.000*** -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000
(0.001) (0.000) (0.001) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000)
PID -0.013 0.037* -0.013 0.036* -0.012 0.012 -0.013 0.012
(0.017) (0.020) (0.017) (0.019) (0.017) (0.019) (0.017) (0.019)
Lev -0.037*** -0.004 -0.037*** -0.004 -0.028*** 0.004 -0.028*** 0.004
(0.010) (0.008) (0.010) (0.008) (0.008) (0.009) (0.008) (0.009)
CCD 0.002 -0.002 0.002 -0.002 -0.001 0.001 -0.001 0.001
(0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002)
_cons 0.805*** 0.213*** 0.805*** 0.217*** 0.585*** 0.579*** 0.585*** 0.575***
(0.078) (0.071) (0.078) (0.071) (0.062) (0.071) (0.062) (0.071)
id Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
year Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 9744 9704 9744 9704 9528 9676 9528 9676
r2 0.923 0.856 0.923 0.857 0.947 0.924 0.947 0.925
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专利丛林对企业高质量发展的影响机制研究
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李鹏 1 , 黄文静 1 , 彭华涛 1, 2
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(7): 1501-1512
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (7) : 1501 -1512
专利丛林对企业高质量发展的影响机制研究
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黄文静(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

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李鹏1, 黄文静1, 彭华涛1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 武汉理工大学创业学院, 湖北武汉 430070
  • 2 武汉理工大学管理学院, 湖北武汉 430070
通讯作者:
彭华涛(1979-),男,教授、博士生导师,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李鹏(1984-),男,副教授,博士。

黄文静(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

Research on the influence mechanism of patent thicket on the high-quality development of enterprises
Peng LI1, Wen-jing HUANG1, Hua-tao PENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Entrepreneurship, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2 School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15
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在全球技术创新浪潮与制度变革深度融合的背景下,专利丛林作为知识产权制度演化过程中产权碎片化与专利权配置失衡的典型现象,其结构性矛盾对企业高质量发展的作用机制尚未可知。本研究基于资源基础理论、交易成本理论和动态能力理论框架,构建包含密度碎片化成本与质量协同收益的双维度分析模型,以2010-2023年A股上市公司为研究对象,采用面板数据固定效应模型与调节效应检验实证研究专利丛林影响企业高质量发展的影响机制。研究发现:专利丛林密度对企业高质量发展具有抑制作用,专利丛林质量具有促进作用;环境动态性和复杂性正向调节专利丛林密度、质量与企业高质量发展之间的关系。小规模企业对专利密度的敏感性更为显著,而高质量专利对高竞争行业企业的创新驱动效应更为显著,揭示了资源禀赋与市场结构对专利丛林效应的差异化机制。本研究突破传统单维度分析框架,将专利丛林重塑为密度与质量的交互作用系统,揭示其在动态环境中的作用规律,为中国经济情境下企业突破专利丛林效应、实现高质量发展提供了理论支撑。

专利丛林  /  高质量发展  /  环境动态性  /  环境复杂性  /  全要素生产率

Against the backdrop of the deep integration between global technological innovation waves and institutional reforms, patent thicket has emerged as a quintessential phenomenon in the evolution of intellectual property systems, characterized by property right fragmentation and unbalanced patent allocation. Despite its growing relevance in modern industrial landscapes, existing literature has not fully explored the specific mechanisms through which its structural contradictions influence the high-quality development of enterprises. This research aims to bridge this gap by adopting a multi-theoretical framework integrating resource-based theory, transaction cost theory, and dynamic capability theory, seeking to systematically dissect the complex interplay between patent thicket dynamics and enterprise development trajectories.

The study constructs a two-dimensional analytical model explicitly incorporating two critical dimensions: density-induced fragmentation costs and quality-driven synergistic benefits. Departing from traditional single-dimensional approaches, this model recognizes patent thicket as an interactive system where the quantitative accumulation of patents and their qualitative attributes co-evolve to shape organizational outcomes. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2023, the research employs panel data fixed-effect models to establish causal relationships and moderating effect tests to explore contextual contingencies. This empirical strategy enables a nuanced examination of how patent thicket operates across diverse organizational and environmental contexts.

Key findings reveal a dualistic influence of patent thicket on enterprise high-quality development. Specifically, patent thicket density demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect, primarily attributed to escalating transaction costs, innovation bottlenecks, and strategic lock-ins arising from fragmented intellectual property rights. Conversely, patent thicket quality—operationalized through indicators including patent originality, technological centrality, and commercial value—exerts a robust promoting effect by facilitating knowledge spillovers, enhancing competitive positioning, and enabling dynamic capability building.

The study further uncovers that environmental dynamism, characterized by rapid technological changes and market fluctuations, and environmental complexity, reflecting stakeholder diversity and regulatory landscapes, act as positive moderators. These factors amplify both the inhibitory effect of density and the promotive effect of quality, indicating that in volatile environments, challenges posed by patent density intensify while advantages of high-quality patents become more pronounced.

Additionally, the research highlights heterogeneous effects across firm characteristics. Small-scale enterprises exhibit heightened sensitivity to patent density, likely due to their limited resource buffers and bargaining power in patent licensing negotiations. In contrast, high-quality patents demonstrate a more significant innovation-driven effect for enterprises in highly competitive industries, where technological superiority serves as a critical differentiator. These findings illuminate how resource endowment, such as firm size, and market structure, such as industry competitiveness, moderate the patent thicket effect, providing insights into context-specific strategic responses.

By reconstructing patent thicket as an interactive system of density and quality, this study transcends conventional paradigms and offers a more nuanced understanding of its operational laws in dynamic environments. Theoretical contributions include integrating fragmented literatures, proposing a novel analytical framework, and identifying contingency mechanisms. Practically, the findings provide strategic guidance for Chinese enterprises to navigate patent thicket challenges, particularly in formulating balanced patent acquisition strategies, enhancing patent quality management, and adapting to environmental uncertainties. This research thus serves as a vital theoretical anchor for promoting high-quality development within China's evolving innovation ecosystem.

patent thicket  /  high-quality development  /  environmental dynamism  /  environmental complexity  /  total factor productivity
李鹏, 黄文静, 彭华涛. 专利丛林对企业高质量发展的影响机制研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (7) : 1501 -1512 .
Peng LI, Wen-jing HUANG, Hua-tao PENG. Research on the influence mechanism of patent thicket on the high-quality development of enterprises[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (7) : 1501 -1512 .
中国正经历从专利大国向创新强国的转型,专利对企业高质量发展意义重大。然而,在专利大国的光环下,“专利丛林”突显出双重属性的结构性矛盾——密度维度的碎片化困境与质量维度的异质性机遇。既有研究将“专利丛林”界定为某一技术领域内大量互补性专利分属于不同权利主体所构成的复杂网络[1]。企业若要获得此互补性专利将面临着大额许可费,亦在无形中增加创新成本,减少技术溢出扩散效应[2]。然而,该视角多聚焦于专利数量的密集程度,对专利质量于丛林效应的独立作用缺乏充分讨论。事实上,高密度与低质量专利的叠加,不仅放大许可谈判与诉讼的不确定性,亦削弱专利体系中支撑技术进步的制度功能,进而引发“反公地悲剧”现象[3]。在中国情境中,政策红利与市场套利的驱动下的“专利泡沫”使得低价值专利大量聚集[4],企业既难以凭核心专利建立技术壁垒,又难以在动态复杂的外部环境中推动其高质量发展水平。因此,如何将专利资源转化为高质量发展水平提升的核心动能,已成为中国实现创新驱动转型的关键命题。
现有关于专利丛林与企业高质量发展关系的研究主要围绕以下维度:首先,“碎片化”专利布局易引发专利流氓现象。企业将大量研发资源投入专利检索、侵权防御等,降低了专利效率引发市场失衡,从而降低了企业高质量水平。其次,现有文献对专利数量或质量的单维度分析形成了丰富结论,鲜少将二者纳入同一分析框架。现有研究虽以构建网络模型揭示专利丛林现象内在机制[5],或从专利密度与知识宽度验证不同属性专利的竞争增益[6,7],但尚未厘清二者在中国经济情境下的交互效应。再者,企业在技术颠覆和红海竞争的双重压力下正面临挑战,既有研究基于资源依赖与交易成本等理论框架对常规市场环境下经济后果展开了丰富的探讨[8],但尚未充分关注专利丛林情境中市场外部环境对企业高质量发展的作用机制。此外,逆全球化浪潮的纵深发展与外部商业生态的非线性演变使VUCA环境成为企业战略管理的核心挑战危机[9]。特别是在我国经济发展模式转型的关键时期,传统研究对常态专利丛林影响机制的静态分析难以契合企业在动态复杂环境中构建竞争优势的现实需求[10]。
综上,现有研究多停留在静态情境中单一维度分析,缺乏对在动态复杂环境中密度碎片化成本和质量异质性收益的联动效应的系统性探讨。本研究整合资源基础理论、交易成本理论与动态能力理论,以专利密度与质量为基础,探究专利丛林对企业高质量发展的影响机制,并分析市场外部环境对二者关系的影响作用。
在创新驱动发展战略的推动下,我国企业专利申请数量呈现“井喷式”增长[11],在此背景下专利丛林的结构性矛盾现象凸显。基于资源基础理论,企业竞争优势的本质源于其掌控的具有战略价值的异质性资源集合,此类资源需同时具备价值性、稀缺性、难以模仿性及不可替代性等特性[12]。专利作为核心知识资源,其密度与质量直接影响企业的创新能力与资源利用效率。虽然专利布局碎片化短期可形成技术壁垒,但针对专利权过度分散化的解决过程需要大量的管理资源与时间成本,抑制了研发投入强度与创新动能,制约了企业高质量发展。高质量专利通过战略布局形成多重创新壁垒,驱动创新要素与产业链协同,加速全要素生产率跃升,从而促进企业高质量发展。
交易成本理论指出,交易成本会增加市场交易的复杂性,阻碍市场资源的有效配置和交易的进行。当企业拥有高密度专利时,为合法使用该类专利须承担相关交易费用。为减少此类交易成本,企业需通过内部研发与技术创新来降低对外部技术的依赖。反观高质量专利凭借技术稳定性等核心属性,提升企业于技术市场中议价能力。同时,其通过对外授权与交叉许可等机制实现知识流转内部化,为企业持续创新提供资源,从而强化其高质量发展的内生动力。
知识基础理论强调知识是企业创新和发展的核心要素,企业核心竞争力依赖于知识整合与重组能力。专利丛林中的专利质量反映了企业能否将分散技术转化为系统性创新能力,高质量专利组合通过跨领域技术交叉融合,降低了知识重组成本,提高技术商业化效率[13];企业通过吸收高质量专利中技术知识,激发自身研发人员的创新思维,提升企业的知识创新能力和技术水平,从而推动企业全要素生产率的提高,实现高质量发展。根据上述理论分析,本文提出以下假设。
假设1a:专利丛林密度抑制了企业高质量发展。
假设1b:专利丛林质量促进了企业高质量发展。
环境动态性是外部环境的核心特征,其综合反映了技术变革速率、市场需求波动性及政策法规不确定。同时亦表明了企业在运营过程中面临关键信息缺口的现实困境[14]。市场环境虽为企业创新提供资源和机会,但亦带来不确定性和约束[15]。在专利丛林密度与质量的结构性矛盾日益凸显的背景下,环境动态性作为技术迭代与市场需求快速变化的综合指标,成为激活专利丛林效应转化的关键情境变量。
基于动态能力理论,企业为在环境动态性中转化成适应性优势,对内部资源基础有着更高的重构要求[16],却不能自动抵消专利丛林密度的制度阻碍。反之,技术更迭和需求突变会放大碎片化专利权带来的交易成本。主要体现在以下三方面:一是技术迭代周期缩短压缩了许可谈判时间窗口,高密度专利的交叉诉讼的风险显著升高。二是需求的波动会导致持有的冗余专利贬值,使得企业难以二次开发回收沉没成本。三是技术标准的激烈竞争加剧,迫使企业为规避诉讼风险而支付高额许可费。动态环境加剧的创新竞争压力,迫使企业从专利数量扩张转向质量深耕。高动态行业的技术快速迭代特性天然筛选出低质量专利,使得知识宽度成为衡量企业技术储备与市场竞争力的核心指标。投资者与市场参与者更倾向于依赖技术组合的广度而非单一专利数量评估企业潜力,进一步强化了专利质量的价值传导机制。基于上述分析,本文提出如下假设。
假设2a:市场环境动态性正向调节专利丛林密度与企业高质量发展关系。
假设2b:市场环境动态性正向调节专利丛林质量与企业高质量发展关系。
与侧重环境变化的不可预测性的动态性特征不同,市场环境复杂性聚焦于信息结构的异质性与竞争者的多元性的交织[15]。市场主体的多样性、技术路径的多向度交织以及利益相关者需求的差异化演进,共同构成了此种复杂性的表现形态。当上述因素相互叠加时,企业将面临着信息过载与决策维度激增的双重挑战。在此情境下,复杂性通过重塑竞争互动逻辑与知识整合范式,对专利丛林与企业高质量发展的关系具有重要意义。
基于制度理论,环境复杂性通常会激活企业的合法性以此寻求动机[17]。当市场环境充满不确定性时,企业通过专利丛林所形成的技术关联网络,能够向外界传递其技术布局的前瞻性与合规性,从而强化自身组织合法性。当环境复杂性提高时,企业通过网络节点的连接强度筛选高价值知识流,避免陷入信息过载陷阱,即吸收外部知识的紧迫性增强。专利丛林作为技术知识的网络载体,其密集程度与质量属性在复杂环境中呈现差异化调节效应。高复杂环境中冗余信息进一步降低了低密度低质量专利的战略价值,企业更难在碎片化专利权中识别可整合的知识版本。高质量专利因具备多样性的技术优势,能在环境复杂性引发需求分化时,通过提升创新试错成本控制能力与技术模块重组效率,强化对企业高质量发展的促进作用。基于上述分析,本文提出如下假设。
假设3a:市场环境复杂性正向调节专利丛林密度与企业高质量发展关系。
假设3b:市场环境复杂性正向调节专利丛林质量与企业高质量发展关系。
为深入研究专利丛林对企业高质量发展的影响机制,本文以A股上市公司为初始样本。核心解释变量“专利密度”和“专利质量”基于企业的专利引文数据及主分类号为依据,剔除无专利和专利引文数据的企业,聚焦于具有技术创新能力与专利布局的样本。为保证本研究的准确性,进一步剔除ST、ST*和从未盈利、连续亏损的企业,确保样本经营与财务状况稳定。考虑到专利从申请到商业化约需要2-3年转化周期,因此本文选取2010-2023年为样本考察期进行实证研究。
本文的样本数据来源说明如下:所有专利数据来源于CNRDS数据库,除专利数据以外,企业财务与治理数据来自CSMAR数据库。遵循已有研究规范,本文对原始数据进行了如下处理:(1)剔除观察期内ST、ST*、PT的企业,聚焦于经营稳定的样本;(2)剔除连续缺失核心变量数据的企业,确保关键变量数据连续完整;(3)将CNRDS专利数据和CSMAR其他数据进行精准匹配,剔除掉未匹配上的数据,保证样本数据一致性与完整性。本文利用Excel对数据进行预处理,并运用Stata17.0软件对数据进行处理。
(1)被解释变量
高质量发展(TFP)。借鉴已有文献,选取全要素生产率作为反映企业高质量发展的代理指标[18]。现有研究中,全要素生产率的测算方法主要有LP法、OP法、FE法、GMM法、OLS法等,但OLS法和FE法无法有效解决同时性偏差与样本选择偏误问题,可能导致全要素生产率估计偏误。因此本文参考鲁晓东和连玉军[19]的方法,采用Levinsohn-Petrin法(简称LP法)进行测算,该方法通过引入中间投入作为代理变量,能够更稳健地控制内生性,尤其适用于专利密集型企业的生产率测算。本文借鉴王娟采用LP方法计算的结果进行基准检验,用OP方法进行稳健性检验[20]。
柯布-道格拉斯生产函数如下(C-D函数)形式如下:
${Y}_{it}={A}_{it}{L}_{it}^{\alpha }{K}_{it}^{\beta }$
其中,Yit代表产出,Kit代表资本的投入,Lit代表劳动的收入,Ait代表全要素生产率(TFP)。对(1)式取对数可以将其转化为以下线性形式:
${y}_{it}=\alpha {l}_{it}+\beta {k}_{it}+{u}_{it}$
其中,yit、lit与kit分别是Yit、Lit、Kit取对数之后的形式。其中(2)式uit项中涵盖了企业全要素生产率取对数形式的信息。LP、OP法均在函数的基础上对企业全要素生产率进行测算。
(2)解释变量
专利丛林密度(Frag)。根据Ziedonis的研究,本研究以赫芬达尔指数与企业引用的专利数量为基础,采用专利分散指数来对专利丛林密度进行量化测度,如公式(3)所示:
$Fra{g}_{it}=1-\sum _{i\ne j}^{J}{\left(\frac{cit{e}_{ijt}}{cit{e}_{it}}\right)}^{2}$
其中,Fragit表示企业i在t年的专利丛林密度,citeijt表示企业i在t年对专利权人j的专利引用数量;citeit表示企业i在t年引用的专利总量;其中Frag的取值范围在0-1范围内,Frag的值越小,企业在技术领域内专利权越完整;Frag的值越大,专利权越分散,企业所处的专利丛林密度越大。
专利丛林质量(PQ)。为了度量企业专利质量,参考李宏等学者的研究,采用企业申请专利的主分类号作为度量基础。IPC分类作为国际通用的专利分类标准,涵盖部、大类、小类、主组和分组。本文在大组层面上定义企业的专利质量水平如公式(4):
$P{Q}_{it}=1-\sum {\left(\frac{{N}_{ijt}}{{N}_{it}}\right)}^{2}$
其中,PQit表示企业i在t时期的专利质量,Nijt表示企业i在t年中在j大组下提交的发明与实用新型专利累计申请量,Nit表示企业i在t年所有大组下的专利申请总量。此外,为准确衡量企业专利质量,本文剔除了外观设计专利确保企业专利所应用知识的复杂程度。
(3)调节变量
环境动态性(ED)。参考申慧慧等学者的研究[21],以企业所处行业的销售收入为基础来度量非正常收入。本文采用最小二乘法进行计算,如公式(5):
$sale={\varphi }_{0}+{\varphi }_{1}year+\varepsilon $
其中,sale表示为企业年度销售收入,year为时间序列变量。未经行业调整的环境动态性由残差值的标准差除以同期收入均值构成。同一行业同一年份企业该指标取中位数作为行业基准,最终将企业层面数值除以行业基准,即本研究构建的环境动态性变量。
环境复杂性(Ec)。环境复杂性是指企业在经营过程中外部环境的竞争多元性与异质性水平。竞争者增多与行业集中度降低时,环境复杂性亦随之增强。依据这一思路,竞争者的数量可以用来衡量环境的复杂性。本文参考已有研究,采用同行业竞争者数量的自然对数作为环境复杂性的测度指标[22]。
(4)控制变量
影响企业高质量发展的因素来源于多个方面,是内生与外生因素共同作用的结果,结合学者杨夏妮等研究[23],选取董事会规模(Board)、企业年龄(Age)、企业规模(Size)、托宾Q值(Q)、资产收益率(Roe)、资产负债率(Lev)、独立董事比例(PID)、两职合一(CCD)作为本文的控制变量。本研究的变量定义及说明如表1所示。
为深入论证专利丛林对企业高质量发展的影响机制,本文参考学者BLOOM等模型的基础上[24],结合了研究目的与数据特征,构建如下以专利丛林密度、专利丛林质量为解释变量的主效应模型。构建前通过豪斯曼检验确定采用固定效应模型,结果显示固定效应模型能有效地控制个体异质性和遗漏变量偏差。在主效应模型中,lnTFPit为被解释变量企业高质量发展,Controls是涵盖董事会规模、企业年龄、企业规模、托宾Q值、资产收益率、资产负债率、独立董事比例和两职合一的变量合集,ϵit是随机干扰项。此外,在本模型中还考虑了个体(μi)、年份(λt)作为双重固定效应,α0和α0,表示为常数项,ϵit为误差项。
$\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}TF{P}_{it}={\alpha }_{0}+{\alpha }_{1}Fra{g}_{it}+\sum {\alpha }_{3}Control{s}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mathrm{ϵ}}_{it}$
$\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}TF{P}_{it}={{\alpha }_{0}}^{,}+{{\alpha }_{1}}^{,}P{Q}_{it}+\sum {{\alpha }_{3}}^{,}Control{s}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mathrm{ϵ}}_{it}$
为研究外部环境在专利丛林对企业高质量发展的关系中的调节效应,构建四个调节效应模型。参考学者方杰等提出的调节效应检验方式[25],对解释变量和调节变量指标进行去中心化处理,消除原始变量量纲差异导致的多重共线性问题。其中,Fragit×EDit、PQit×EDit、Fragit×ECit、PQit×ECit为解释变量专利丛林密度和专利丛林质量与调节变量环境动态性、环境复杂性去中心化后的交互项。
$\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}TF{P}_{it}={\beta }_{0}+{\beta }_{1}Fra{g}_{it}+{\beta }_{2}E{D}_{it}+{\beta }_{3}(Fra{g}_{it}\times E{D}_{it})+\sum {\beta }_{4}Control{s}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mathrm{ϵ}}_{it}$
$\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}TF{P}_{it}={{\beta }_{0}}^{,}+{{\beta }_{1}}^{,}P{Q}_{it}+{{\beta }_{2}}^{,}E{D}_{it}+{{\beta }_{3}}^{,}(P{Q}_{it}\times E{D}_{it})+\sum {{\beta }_{4}}^{,}Control{s}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mathrm{ϵ}}_{it}$
$\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}TF{P}_{it}={\delta }_{0}+{\delta }_{1}Fra{g}_{it}+{\delta }_{2}E{C}_{it}+{\delta }_{3}(Fra{g}_{it}\times E{C}_{it})+\sum {\delta }_{4}Control{s}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mathrm{ϵ}}_{it}$
$\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}TF{P}_{it}={{\delta }_{0}}^{,}+{{\delta }_{1}}^{,}P{Q}_{it}+{{\delta }_{2}}^{,}E{C}_{it}+{{\delta }_{3}}^{,}(P{Q}_{it}\times E{C}_{it})+\sum {{\delta }_{4}}^{,}Control{s}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mathrm{ϵ}}_{it}$
本研究变量描述性统计结果如表2。企业高质量发展最大值为12.83,最小值为5.205,两值差距较大,说明少数企业受技术创新、管理效率等影响导致在高质量发展层面上显著偏离均值。专利丛林分散指数均值为0.855,反映了专利布局分散、技术壁垒复杂的现状。专利丛林质量最大值为0.996,最小值为0,说明样本中企业的专利质量落差大。环境动态性和环境复杂性取值跨度显著,说明样本企业所面临的环境动态性及复杂性水平存在较大差异。
表(3)中列(1)和(2)分别是在控制了个体及年份之后,解释变量专利丛林密度与专利丛林质量的回归系数分别为-0.004(p<0.05)和0.012(p<0.01)。这表明了专利丛林越密集,企业高质量发展水平越低;专利丛林质量越高,企业高质量发展水平越好。综上,H1a和H1b得到了验证。
表3的列(3)-列(6)反映了调节效应的检验结果。列(3)的专利丛林密度与环境复杂性的交互项系数为-0.003(p<0.05),列(4)的专利丛林质量与环境复杂性的交互项系数为0.007(p<0.05),说明环境复杂性正向调节专利丛林密度及质量对企业高质量发展关系;列(5)的专利丛林密度与环境动态性的交互项系数为-0.004(p<0.1),列(6)的专利丛林质量与环境动态性性的交互项系数为0.008(p<0.05),说明环境动态性亦正向调节专利丛林密度及质量对企业高质量发展关系。基于此,假设H2a、H2b、H3a、H3b均成立。
(1)稳健性检验
为了验证模型的稳健性,本文采用替换核心被解释变量和改变聚类的方式保证结果的稳健性。本文参考肖土盛等学者的研究[26]利用OP方法计算出来的全要素生产率TFP_OP作为稳健性检验中的被解释变量代理指标。结果如表4列(1)和(2)所示,核心解释变量专利丛林密度和专利丛林质量的回归系数与显著性水平与基准回归未发生显著性变化,表明研究结论对解释变量的测度方法具有稳健性。
本文基准回归采用企业个体层面聚类标准误,但考虑到同一年份内不同企业可能受到共同宏观冲击,为缓解误差进一步将标准误同时聚类到个体和年份维度[27]。表4第(3)和第(4)列显示,核心解释变量的系数符号与显著性水平未发生显著变化,表明专利丛林对企业高质量发展的抑制作用对误差项聚类方式具有稳健性。
(2)内生性检验
专利丛林密度、质量可能会与企业高质量发展存在逆向因果关系导致内生性问题。鉴于核心解释变量与其滞后项强相关且滞后项与当期扰动项不相关,符合工具变量选取标准,参考Davidson[28]的做法,将解释变量的滞后一期作为工具变量。因此,本文采取滞后一期的专利丛林密度、质量作为专利丛林的工具变量。表5第(1)-(2)列展示了工具变量法的回归结果。结果显示,专利丛林密度的滞后项系数为-0.005(p<0.1),表明专利丛林密度的增加对企业高质量发展仍具有显著的抑制作用;专利丛林质量的滞后项系数为0.008(p<0.05),意味着专利丛林质量的提升能够显著促进企业高质量发展。回归系数的符号与基准回归一致,且显著性水平未实质改变,表明在缓解内生性后,专利丛林对企业高质量发展的影响依然稳健。
(3)异质性分析
①基于企业规模的异质性分析
企业规模很大程度上反映了企业资源禀赋与风险抵御能力差异,直接影响企业突破专利丛林约束的可行性。本文选取企业总资产的自然对数作为企业规模的代理变量,对企业规模按中位数进行分组回归。表6第(1)-(4)列结果表示:专利丛林密度及质量仅在小规模企业中对其高质量发展水平有显著影响。
②基于行业竞争程度的异质性分析
行业竞争程度刻画市场结构特征,决定了技术壁垒与创新激励的交互机制。为了深入研究该交互机制对企业发展的影响,本文基于赫芬达尔指数HHI中位数将行业划分高、低竞争行业组进行分组回归。表6第(5)-(8)列结果表明:专利丛林密度抑制作用仅存在于低竞争行业,质量在低竞争行业中失效,在高竞争行业中促进作用显著。
在全球技术创新加速与专利布局复杂化的背景下,本文以上市公司为研究对象,系统分析了专利丛林双重维度对企业高质量发展的作用机制及边界条件,主要结论如下。第一,专利丛林密度对企业高质量发展具有抑制作用,而质量则具有促进作用。这一发现验证了Shapiro[1]、Ziedonis[2]等学者关于专利碎片化引发交易成本上升的观点。因专利布局过度分散导致交易成本增加,挤占企业核心研发资源投入致创新投入出现资源锁定[3]。在专利丛林质量维度,研究结论支持了李宏[7]等学者提出的知识宽度提升技术转化效率的观点。跨领域布局的高质量专利能够有效降低知识重组成本,促进技术模块的系统性整合[13],与资源基础理论中异质性知识资源构成竞争优势的核心假设一致[12],表明企业高质量专利可借助跨学科技术的深度融合提升创新效能,以此驱动全要素生产率的进阶增长,提高企业高质量发展水平。
第二,环境动态性正向调节专利丛林密度、质量双重维度与企业高质量发展的关系。一方面,技术迭代和需求突变显著放大由高密度导致的交易成本与诉讼风险,使得专利丛林密度的抑制效应进一步加剧;另一方面,动态压力迫使企业着重于高质量专利的模块化重组能力,从而显著放大质量对企业高质量发展的促进效应。这一发现与Wang和Ahmed提出的动态能力驱动资源重组观点一致[10]。同时,动态环境迫使企业依赖高质量专利的跨代技术适配能力[5],通过跨领域专利模块的快速重组响应市场需求,与Fleming提出的知识重组效率决定创新效能观点形成呼应[12]。环境动态性作为关键情境变量,深刻重塑了专利丛林与企业高质量发展的内在关系,为企业在复杂市场环境中破解专利丛林困境、释放创新活力提供了战略指引。
第三,环境复杂性正向调节专利丛林密度、质量双重维度与企业高质量发展的关系。环境复杂性的调节效应与制度理论[17]及Yang[5]的专利网络分析形成协同效应。在竞争主体多元、技术路径交织的复杂环境中,企业为核心专利嵌入行业标准提升组织合法性[29],使得高密度专利的合规成本与谈判压力攀升。高质量专利的知识宽度在信息过载情境中发挥筛选功能,帮助企业识别高价值知识流,提升技术创新的针对性[12]。这一结论补充Ziedonis关于专利获取策略的研究,揭示了复杂环境通过合法性构建与知识整合机制重塑专利丛林对高质量发展的影响路径,为企业在多元竞争中优化专利布局提供了理论依据。
第四,从分组样本看,不同规模与行业竞争程度的企业,其专利丛林对企业高质量发展的影响存在差异。专利丛林效应仅作用于资源受限制的小规模企业,而在行业竞争程度中呈现出密度在低竞争行业中抑制作用显著,质量在低竞争行业中促进作用中失效,这一发现印证了资源基础理论中对资源门槛的设定。
在理论层面上,本文主要贡献如下。第一,现有文献大多集中于研究专利数量或质量的单维度对企业发展的影响,未能揭示二者在创新过程中相互作用的内在逻辑。本研究创新性地将专利丛林密度与质两个维度结合,探讨了二者对高质量发展的差异化作用机制。双维度视角有效突破了传统研究中仅关注专利规模的局限性,将专利丛林的影响阐释为碎片化成本与系统性收益的辩证统一关系,为深入理解专利布局的复杂经济后果提供了更精细的分析工具。
第二,针对以往研究对专利丛林情境下外部环境作用的关注不足的问题,本研究通过实证分析验证了动态能力理论的应用场景。环境动态性并非简单的外生扰动,而是触发企业在感知、整合与重构循环的外界条件,进而影响专利丛林双维度对企业高质量发展的关系。研究发现,在高动态性环境下,环境动态性能够显著强化专利丛林密度带来的交易成本压力,同时促使企业更依赖高质量专利的跨代技术适配能力,增强质量对创新效率的促进作用。这一发现为Ziedonis关于专利获取策略的研究提供了新的理论支撑,拓展了专利丛林在多元竞争环境中的影响路径分析,为专利丛林效应研究提供了动态情境与复杂情境的双重边界条件。
  • 国家社会科学基金资助项目(23BGL085)
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2026年第44卷第7期
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  • 接收时间:2025-06-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-17
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12
  • 修回日期:2025-08-09
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国家社会科学基金资助项目(23BGL085)
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    1 武汉理工大学创业学院, 湖北武汉 430070
    2 武汉理工大学管理学院, 湖北武汉 430070

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彭华涛(1979-),男,教授、博士生导师,E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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