Article(id=1317436262861091458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436203545243877, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747670400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-20, revisedDate=1758643200000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792030881848, onlineDateStr=2026-10-15, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792030881848, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792030881848, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792030881848, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317436203545243877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='8', pageStart='1569', pageEnd='1792', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792030867705, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792031039088, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317436922423792157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436203545243877, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317436922427986462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436203545243877, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1745, endPage=1755, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317436263062418051, articleId=1317436262861091458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Research on the impact of local fiscal science and technology expenditure on regional innovation capacity, columnId=1309226375089840648, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Frontiers and Opinions, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As the main participants in regional innovation capacity building, local governments' fiscal science and technology expenditures support basic research, major technological research and the transformation of innovation achievements, playing a role in reducing innovation risks, making up for market failures and enhancing regional innovation capabilities. This paper analyzes the current situation of central and local fiscal science and technology expenditures and the current situation of vertical fiscal imbalance in the three major regions, and then conducts an empirical study and empirical analysis on the impact of fiscal science and technology expenditures on regional innovation capabilities. The research finds that the promoting effect of local fiscal science and technology expenditure on the innovation capacity of the eastern and central regions is significantly greater than that of the western region. Basic research expenditure JCYJ and applied research expenditure YYYJ have a positive incentive effect on the improvement of regional innovation capacity, while technology research and development expenditure JSYJ has a negative effect on the improvement of regional innovation capacity. The vertical fiscal imbalance in the western region plays a significant negative moderating role in the improvement of regional innovation capacity by fiscal science and technology expenditure. Put forward policy opinions on optimizing the structure and scale of local fiscal science and technology expenditure, enhancing regional innovation capabilities, and optimizing the division of fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities, as well as moderately reducing the level of vertical fiscal imbalance.

, authors=Cheng-cheng FENG1, Wen-jun YAN1, You-dan XIAO2, authorsList=Cheng-cheng FENG, Wen-jun YAN, You-dan XIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=You-dan XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317436265667080844, articleId=1317436262861091458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=地方财政科技支出对区域创新能力的影响研究, columnId=1309226375303750154, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=前沿与观点, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

地方政府的财政科技支出支持基础研究、重大技术研究和创新成果转化,起到降低创新风险、弥补市场失灵和提升区域创新能力的作用。本文对中央和地方财政科技支出及三大区域财政纵向失衡水平现状进行分析,然后实证研究财政科技支出对区域创新能力的影响。研究发现:地方财政科技支出对东部和中部区域创新能力的促进作用显著大于西部地区;基础研究支出JCYJ和应用研究支出YYYJ对区域创新能力的提升有正向激励作用,而技术研究与开发支出JSYJ对区域创新能力的提升有负向作用。西部地区财政纵向失衡在财政科技支出对区域创新能力提升中起显著的负向调节作用。提出优化地方财政科技支出结构和规模,优化财政事权和支出责任划分、适度降低财政纵向失衡水平的政策建议。

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冯程程(1992-),女,博士研究生。

闫文军(1967-),男,教授。

, correspAuthorsNote=
肖尤丹(1980-),男,研究员, E-mail:。
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=应用研究支出), Keyword(id=1317436267634209453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=技术研究与开发支出)], refs=[Reference(id=1317436271396500164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=60, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=吴非, 杜金岷, 李华民, journalName=财政研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴非, 杜金岷, 李华民. 财政科技投入、地方政府行为与区域创新异质性[J]. 财政研究, 2017(11):60-74., articleTitle=财政科技投入、地方政府行为与区域创新异质性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436271492969157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=60, pageEnd=74, 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Industrial Economic Research, 2014(5):63-71., articleTitle=Research on the impact characteristics of factor market distortions on technological progress in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436279717999352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=52, authorNames=刘畅, journalName=天津财经大学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘畅. 财政分权、地方政府财政科技支出与区域创新绩效[D]. 天津财经大学, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436279818662649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Liu C, journalName=Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu C. Fiscal decentralization, local government fiscal science and technology expenditure and regional innovation performance[D]. Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436279889965818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, doi=10.1016/j.jmoneco.2013.04.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=60, issue=5, pageStart=571, pageEnd=587, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304393213000615, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Eyraud L, Lusinyan L, journalName=Journal of Monetary Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Eyraud L, Lusinyan L. Vertical fiscal imbalances and fiscal performance in advanced economies[J]. Journal of Monetary Economics, 2013, 60 (5): 571-587., articleTitle=Vertical fiscal imbalances and fiscal performance in advanced economies, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1317436271216145090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, awardId=L2424123, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金委托项目2024(L2424123), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1317436271287448259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, awardId=GHJ-ZLZX-2025-18, language=CN, fundingSource=中国科学院研究专项(GHJ-ZLZX-2025-18), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1317436265885184653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436265893573262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, companyId=1317436265885184653, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436265906156175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, companyId=1317436265885184653, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100190)]), AuthorCompany(id=1317436265969070736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436265977459345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, companyId=1317436265969070736, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Institute of Science and Technology for Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436265985847954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, companyId=1317436265969070736, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1317436267801981614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Scale and growth rate of central and local government spending on science and technology, figureFileSmall=8w87JknMCnevD/Om6RLqTQ==, figureFileBig=fm7VZCDyoGOi8Nvcr4yt8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436267881673391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中央和地方财政科技支出规模

数据来源:国家统计年鉴。

, figureFileSmall=8w87JknMCnevD/Om6RLqTQ==, figureFileBig=fm7VZCDyoGOi8Nvcr4yt8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436269660058288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Proportion of central and local government expenditure on science and technology, figureFileSmall=CzvmQShpWBj3rdMNbj4UmA==, figureFileBig=FUjxvh5X31u3pZXtToHEAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436269743944369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中央与地方财政科技支出占比

数据来源:国家统计年鉴。

, figureFileSmall=CzvmQShpWBj3rdMNbj4UmA==, figureFileBig=FUjxvh5X31u3pZXtToHEAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436269852996274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Government expenditure for basic research, applied research and technological research and development, figureFileSmall=V6UjGUHRikoBcUJsg9YWfQ==, figureFileBig=kgWd6J85RB/b02+3tiRSSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436269920105139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=图3, caption=政府用于基础研究、应用研究和技术研究与开发经费支出

数据来源:国家统计年鉴。

, figureFileSmall=V6UjGUHRikoBcUJsg9YWfQ==, figureFileBig=kgWd6J85RB/b02+3tiRSSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436270012379828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Amount of government expenditure on science and technology in the three major regions, figureFileSmall=crqCoXV8tlhxtu9oIyu3ZA==, figureFileBig=YMW44mUyxfsZyRI6i6Zusw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436270092071605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=图4, caption=三大区域财政科技支出额, figureFileSmall=crqCoXV8tlhxtu9oIyu3ZA==, figureFileBig=YMW44mUyxfsZyRI6i6Zusw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436270154986166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Index system of regional scientific and technological innovation ability measurement

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标 二级指标及含义 指标属性 指标权重
科技创新环境 财政科技投入占财政支出的比重(%) + 0.037
6岁及以上人口中大学专科以上学历占比(%) + 0.023
高新技术企业数量(家) + 0.071
有研究与试验发展(R&D)活动的企业数量(家) + 0.116
市场经济发展水平(市场化指数) + 0.014
科技创新投入 研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出(亿元) + 0.069
科技创新投入强度(地方R&D经费投入占GDP的比重%) + 0.033
研究与试验发展(R&D)人员全时当量(人年) + 0.071
规模以上工业企业R&D人员数量(人) + 0.075
科技创新产出 发明专利申请(受理)数量(项) + 0.089
发明专利授权数量(项) + 0.094
技术市场成交额(亿元) + 0.131
规模以上工业企业新产品开发项目数(项) + 0.091
规模以上工业企业新产品销售收入(亿元) + 0.087
), ArticleFig(id=1317436270238872247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

区域科技创新能力测度的指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标 二级指标及含义 指标属性 指标权重
科技创新环境 财政科技投入占财政支出的比重(%) + 0.037
6岁及以上人口中大学专科以上学历占比(%) + 0.023
高新技术企业数量(家) + 0.071
有研究与试验发展(R&D)活动的企业数量(家) + 0.116
市场经济发展水平(市场化指数) + 0.014
科技创新投入 研究与试验发展(R&D)经费内部支出(亿元) + 0.069
科技创新投入强度(地方R&D经费投入占GDP的比重%) + 0.033
研究与试验发展(R&D)人员全时当量(人年) + 0.071
规模以上工业企业R&D人员数量(人) + 0.075
科技创新产出 发明专利申请(受理)数量(项) + 0.089
发明专利授权数量(项) + 0.094
技术市场成交额(亿元) + 0.131
规模以上工业企业新产品开发项目数(项) + 0.091
规模以上工业企业新产品销售收入(亿元) + 0.087
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Regression analysis of the impact of government financial science and technology expenditure on regional innovation

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区域 东部地区 中部地区 西部地区
变量 Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation
LG 1.352*** 1.401*** 1.016** 1.342** 1.015 1.244
marketing 0.188*** 0.163*** 0.175***
ec 2.459*** 2.198*** 2.358***
LnGDP-1 0.071*** 0.089** 0.127
Year YES YES YES YES YES YES
R2 0.095 0.091 0.093 0.094 0.095 0.094
), ArticleFig(id=1317436270398255801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

地方财政科技支出对区域创新能力影响回归结果分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 东部地区 中部地区 西部地区
变量 Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation
LG 1.352*** 1.401*** 1.016** 1.342** 1.015 1.244
marketing 0.188*** 0.163*** 0.175***
ec 2.459*** 2.198*** 2.358***
LnGDP-1 0.071*** 0.089** 0.127
Year YES YES YES YES YES YES
R2 0.095 0.091 0.093 0.094 0.095 0.094
), ArticleFig(id=1317436270503113402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of the estimated results of core variable lag one phase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Innovation Innovation
LG-1 1.879*** 1.915***
Control YES YES
Year YES YES
R2 0.097 0.095
), ArticleFig(id=1317436270582805179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

核心变量滞后一期的结果分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Innovation Innovation
LG-1 1.879*** 1.915***
Control YES YES
Year YES YES
R2 0.097 0.095
), ArticleFig(id=1317436270662496956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Estimation results of instrumental variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
两阶段估计结果:IV-2SLS
First Stage 2SLS
LG 1.628*** 1.904***
Control YES YES
Year YES YES
Kleibergen-Paap rk LM 0.010 0.008
Cragg-Donald Wald F 12.144 11.937
R2 0.093 0.094
), ArticleFig(id=1317436270750577341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

工具变量估计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
两阶段估计结果:IV-2SLS
First Stage 2SLS
LG 1.628*** 1.904***
Control YES YES
Year YES YES
Kleibergen-Paap rk LM 0.010 0.008
Cragg-Donald Wald F 12.144 11.937
R2 0.093 0.094
), ArticleFig(id=1317436270821880510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Testing the heterogeneity of the structure of government finance expenditure on science and technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Innovation Innovation Innovation
JCYJ 0.683*
YYYJ 0.004***
JSYJ -0.016
Control YES YES YES
Year YES YES YES
R2 0.096 0.093 0.094
), ArticleFig(id=1317436270897377983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

财政科技支出结构的异质性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Innovation Innovation Innovation
JCYJ 0.683*
YYYJ 0.004***
JSYJ -0.016
Control YES YES YES
Year YES YES YES
R2 0.096 0.093 0.094
), ArticleFig(id=1317436270977069760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of the moderating effect of fiscal vertical imbalance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 东部地区 中部地区
变量 Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation
Vfi -0.091*** -0.103***
LG 1.298*** 1.376**
LG×Vfi 0.011** 0.016*
Control YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year YES YES YES YES YES YES
R2 0.092 0.094 0.091 0.093 0.094 0.092
区域 西部地区
变量 Innovation Innovation Innovation
Vfi -0.127***
LG 1.141**
LG×Vfi 0.017
Control YES YES YES
Year YES YES YES
R2 0.096 0.095 0.091
), ArticleFig(id=1317436271056761537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436262861091458, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

财政纵向失衡的调节效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 东部地区 中部地区
变量 Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation
Vfi -0.091*** -0.103***
LG 1.298*** 1.376**
LG×Vfi 0.011** 0.016*
Control YES YES YES YES YES YES
Year YES YES YES YES YES YES
R2 0.092 0.094 0.091 0.093 0.094 0.092
区域 西部地区
变量 Innovation Innovation Innovation
Vfi -0.127***
LG 1.141**
LG×Vfi 0.017
Control YES YES YES
Year YES YES YES
R2 0.096 0.095 0.091
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地方财政科技支出对区域创新能力的影响研究
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冯程程 1 , 闫文军 1 , 肖尤丹 2
科学学研究 | 前沿与观点 2026,44(8): 1745-1755
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科学学研究 |前沿与观点 2026 , 44 (8) : 1745 -1755
地方财政科技支出对区域创新能力的影响研究
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冯程程1, 闫文军1, 肖尤丹2
作者信息
  • 1 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100190
  • 2 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190
通讯作者:
肖尤丹(1980-),男,研究员, E-mail:。
作者简介:

冯程程(1992-),女,博士研究生。

闫文军(1967-),男,教授。

Research on the impact of local fiscal science and technology expenditure on regional innovation capacity
Cheng-cheng FENG1, Wen-jun YAN1, You-dan XIAO2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 2 Institute of Science and Technology for Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15
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地方政府的财政科技支出支持基础研究、重大技术研究和创新成果转化,起到降低创新风险、弥补市场失灵和提升区域创新能力的作用。本文对中央和地方财政科技支出及三大区域财政纵向失衡水平现状进行分析,然后实证研究财政科技支出对区域创新能力的影响。研究发现:地方财政科技支出对东部和中部区域创新能力的促进作用显著大于西部地区;基础研究支出JCYJ和应用研究支出YYYJ对区域创新能力的提升有正向激励作用,而技术研究与开发支出JSYJ对区域创新能力的提升有负向作用。西部地区财政纵向失衡在财政科技支出对区域创新能力提升中起显著的负向调节作用。提出优化地方财政科技支出结构和规模,优化财政事权和支出责任划分、适度降低财政纵向失衡水平的政策建议。

财政科技支出  /  财政纵向失衡  /  区域创新能力  /  基础研究支出  /  应用研究支出  /  技术研究与开发支出

As the main participants in regional innovation capacity building, local governments' fiscal science and technology expenditures support basic research, major technological research and the transformation of innovation achievements, playing a role in reducing innovation risks, making up for market failures and enhancing regional innovation capabilities. This paper analyzes the current situation of central and local fiscal science and technology expenditures and the current situation of vertical fiscal imbalance in the three major regions, and then conducts an empirical study and empirical analysis on the impact of fiscal science and technology expenditures on regional innovation capabilities. The research finds that the promoting effect of local fiscal science and technology expenditure on the innovation capacity of the eastern and central regions is significantly greater than that of the western region. Basic research expenditure JCYJ and applied research expenditure YYYJ have a positive incentive effect on the improvement of regional innovation capacity, while technology research and development expenditure JSYJ has a negative effect on the improvement of regional innovation capacity. The vertical fiscal imbalance in the western region plays a significant negative moderating role in the improvement of regional innovation capacity by fiscal science and technology expenditure. Put forward policy opinions on optimizing the structure and scale of local fiscal science and technology expenditure, enhancing regional innovation capabilities, and optimizing the division of fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities, as well as moderately reducing the level of vertical fiscal imbalance.

fiscal expenditure on science and technology  /  vertical fiscal imbalance  /  regional innovation capacity  /  expenditure on basic research  /  expenditure on applied research  /  expenditure on technological research and development
冯程程, 闫文军, 肖尤丹. 地方财政科技支出对区域创新能力的影响研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (8) : 1745 -1755 .
Cheng-cheng FENG, Wen-jun YAN, You-dan XIAO. Research on the impact of local fiscal science and technology expenditure on regional innovation capacity[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (8) : 1745 -1755 .
财政部把科技作为财政支出的重点领域优先保障,大力支持科技创新和产业创新融合发展,持续加大对基础研究、应用基础研究和前沿研究的投入力度,完善竞争性支持和稳定支持相结合的基础研究投入机制。2024年中央财政科技支出预算安排达到3708亿元,增长10%。创新活动具有正外部性、高成本和高风险的特征,政府通过财政科技支出介入区域创新活动能够降低创新风险,增加投资规模,促进区域创新能力的提升[1],主要表现为政府通过财政科技投入引导和扶持地方企业、高校和科研机构的创新活动,促进产学研协同创新;地方财政科技支出支持基础研究、重大技术研究和创新成果转化。东西中部地区在创新能力水平、经济发展水平、教育水平和财政资源都存在较大差异。西部经济发展水平较低,财政资金缺口较大,缺乏科技创新活动所需要的基础设施、资金和人力资本要素支撑,短期内把财政投入到科技创新的边际收益远低于投入到生产性支出所带来的收益,因此地方政府会倾向于将财政投入到生产性投资而忽略对区域创新项目的支持。而经济发达的东部地区对创新要素有更强的集聚力,易产生规模效应和经济价值。
政府对区域创新能力的财政科技支出主要有现有文献认为政府财政科技支出能有效弥补创新领域的市场失灵[2,3],促进区域创新能力的提升[4-9],表现为促进研发投入的增加,缓解创新主体的研发风险或融资约束[10,11],财政能力、创新潜力和政府竞争是地方政府创新偏好存在差异的关键因素,财政能力越强和创新潜力越大的地方政府,更加偏好增加财政科技支出[12,13],在投资偏好度较高、金融发展水平较低的地区,政府支出效率可以更好地促进区域创新能力[14]。此外,地方财政收支矛盾的根本原因是分税制引发的财政纵向失衡问题。现有文献主要认为财政纵向失衡容易造成地方政府行为扭曲,表现为财政纵向失衡放大财政转移支付的“粘蝇纸效应”和“公共池效应”,刺激地方政府忽视资金使用效率的支出欲望[15];容易造成“财政滴漏”和资金滥用,进而拉低地方政府的财政科技支出效率[16];扩大寻租空间和成本转嫁机会,滋生寻租或腐败,不利于区域创新能力的提升[17]。我国三大区域的财政纵向失衡水平差异较大,鲜有文献将财政纵向失衡与地方财政科技支出纳入同一分析框架研究对区域创新能力的影响,本文将深入探讨,为优化地方财政科技支出结构、加强地方政府自主创新的竞争、为中央建立有效的地方财政科技投入激励机制提供理论依据。
(1)中央和地方财政科技支出规模
2006年国务院颁布了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)》,提出要不断增加科技投入,“把建设创新型国家作为面向未来的重大战略选择”。地方财政科技支出从2008年1285.2亿元增长到2022年7325亿元,14年增长4.7倍。从2012年开始地方财政科技支出超过中央财政科技支出,到2022年中央财政科技支出为3803.4亿元,仅为地方财政科技支出的51.92%。除2020年中央和地方财政科技支出增长率为负,其余年份增长率均为正。中央和地方财政科技支出规模如图1。
(2)中央和地方财政科技支出占比
中国财政科技投入体系由以中央投入为主,演变为中央和地方共同投入的“双主体”结构。总体上中央政府本级财政科技支出占比呈下降趋势,从2008年占比50.20%降至2022年的34.20%。2012年地方财政科技支出占比为53.30%,首次超过中央本级财政科技支出占比的46.70%。2012年后地方财政科技支出占比逐年增长,2022年占比达到65.80%。主要原因为随着中国式财政分权程度的提高,国家财政科研支出用于支持地方科技创新的支出越来越多,科技创新事务逐渐下放到地方政府层面,科技创新支出责任更多地由地方政府承担。尤其在创新驱动发展战略背景下,财政科技支出成为地方政府为创新而竞争的手段,中央与地方财政科技支出占比如图2。
(1)2008-2022年财政科技支出结构分析
从2008年到2022年,政府用于基础研究、应用研究和技术研究与开发三方面的支出从2008年的4616亿元增至2022年的30782.9亿元,用于试验发展的经费最多,占比在2008年为82.76%,2022年为82.11%。全国财政科技支出以应用研究和技术研究与开发为主,用于基础研究的经费最少,在2008年为220.8亿元,占比为4.78%;2022年为2023.5亿元,占比为6.57%,主要原因为经济快速增长时期,经济增速是政府价值判断和行为导向的重要指标,“重技术、轻科学”的短视宏观科技发展策略倾向于将更多财政资源投入到具有短期内带动经济增长属性的应用技术领域,这类行为无疑会压缩短期内经济效益不显著但具有极强正外部性的基础科学研究领域支出。2008-2022年政府财政基础研究和应用研究投入存在差距且有扩大趋势。政府用于基础研究、应用研究和技术研究与开发经费支出如图3。
(2)不同区域财政科技支出分析
2012-2023年三大区域财政科技支出总量呈上升趋势且差距较为明显,东部地区的财政科技支出规模远大于中西部地区,中部地区略高于西部地区。2012年东部地区的财政科技支出为1523.24亿元,中部地区为391.64亿元,西部地区为322.24亿元,东部地区和中部地区相差1131.6亿元,中西部地区相差69.4亿元。到2023年东部地区财政科技支出达到4326.59亿元,中部地区为1801.54亿元,西部地区为975.51亿元,东部和中部地区的差距扩大到2525.05亿元,中西部地区相差826.03亿元。由于东中西部地区在资源禀赋、经济发展水平及产业结构方面的差异,导致三大区域财政科技支出额存在明显差距,东部地区一直处于领先地位。三大区域财政科技支出额见图4。
地方政府通过财政科技投入的方式参与区域创新系统建设,提升区域创新能力[18]。首先,地方政府可以通过制定科技创新税收减免、补贴、产业政策等激励政策,如对研发企业实施研发费用加计扣除政策;设立科技成果转化引导基金,缓解企业研发资金困难;通过科研经费等方式资助高校、科研院所和企业从事重要的基础研究、应用研究等高投入、高风险、回报周期长的创新活动,缓解其重大创新活动风险。其次,政府通过公共政策实现关键资源的配置和创新体系的建设来影响区域创新环境,保障区域创新要素的供给,优化产业结构,带动区域创新能力提升[19]。地方政府的财政科技支持弥补由市场外部性所导致的区域技术创新活动的资金缺口,使区域创新投入达到最佳投入水平,推动区域科技创新活动的发展。最后,财政科技支出对区域创新系统内协同互动有重要的作用。政府通过产学研协同发展和创新平台搭建,使企业、高校、科研机构等不同创新主体间紧密合作,使区域创新系统的效率不断提高。东部、中部和西部地区经济发展水平、教育水平、政府财政收入和创新能力有较大差异,地方政府财政科技投入对区域创新能力的影响是否存在区域差异化特征?基于以上分析,提出假设:
H1:财政科技支出能够促进区域创新能力的提升,并且对区域创新能力的影响因地区特征而有所差异。
1994年的分税制呈现“财权进一步上移,事权逐步下沉”的发展格局,中央政府将支出责任下沉到地方,中央与地方政府在支出责任划分上具有模糊性和重叠性,导致地方政府面临较大的财政收支缺口,地方政府出现的“天然型财力缺口”造成了财权和事权不匹配的现象,引致财政纵向失衡矛盾。主要表现为:首先中国式财政分权下地方政府的财政支出缺口主要由上级政府的转移支付弥补,这会导致地方政府过于依赖转移支付,带来“公共池”效应问题,导致地方政府出现过度支出的问题。财政纵向失衡带来的预算软约束问题导致上级政府无法有效监督,于是地方政府就会通过过度举债和过度支达成自利性目的[20]。其次,中国式分权下的官员晋升机制会进一步强化财政纵向失衡带来的地方政府激励异化。财政纵向失衡下地区经济竞争会促使地方政府支出的盲目扩大和结构变化,将大量的财政资金用于基础设施建设中,增加地方政府投资支出,导致有限的财政预算资金与巨额财政支出间的缺口扩大[21]。最后,造成地方政府对中央转移支付制度的“依赖效应”。当前中国尚未建立承担公共产品和服务供给责任的成本补偿措施,且地方政府获取收入的途径和能力有限,因此中央政府通过其特有的“粘蝇纸效应”,将部分中央拨款留滞于公共部门中。地方政府对中央转移支付的过度依赖,不仅使地方政府陷入激励陷阱之中,还会促使地方官员通过政治关联获取中央资金,都会损害地方政府的支出效率。基于以上分析,提出以下假设:
H2:财政纵向失衡在地方财政科技支出对区域创新能力的激励作用中起负向调节。
根据文献综述、研究机理及假设,建立如下计量经济模型分析财政科技支出对区域创新能力的影响:
$Innovatio{n}_{it}={\alpha }_{0}+{\alpha }_{1}L{G}_{it}+\sum Contro{l}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\delta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
(1)被解释变量
区域创新能力(Innovation):邱国庆和李静雯[22]、孙文明[23]选用专利授权数或专利申请数等单一性指标来测度区域创新能力或产出,但单一指标并不能充分反映区域创新包含的复杂过程。本文借鉴郭瑞[24]的做法,从科技创新环境、科技创新投入及科技创新产出3个维度构建含有14个二级指标的指标体系,用熵权法对2012-2022年30个省(区、市)的科技创新能力系统测度作为本文的被解释变量,结果如表1。
(2)核心变量
本文借鉴《全国科技经费投入统计公报》中(R&D)投入强度指标构建思路,用财政科技投入占GDP的比重LG反映财政科技投入强度,代表财政科技经费保障力度。地方政府财政科技支出占GDP比重越高,财政科技投入力度越大[25]。
$\mathrm{LG}=\text { 财政科技支出/财政 GDP }$
(3)控制变量
市场化程度(marketing):采用《中国分省市场化指数报告(2021)》中的数据来衡量。市场化程度越高,越激发微观创新主体的活力,有利于创新资源合理分配和提高使用效率[26]。
经济发展水平(GDP)。经济发达地区意味着具有较强的财政资金能力及信息优势,财政纵向失衡程度相对较低,会为地方政府支持科技创新活动、改善创新环境等提供财力保障,容易形成集聚效应,提高科技创新能力,本文以人均GDP的对数来表示经济发展水平,考虑到经济发展水平与区域科技创新能力间存在内生性问题,故对其进行了滞后1期处理,记为LnGDP-1。
财政自给率(ec):表征地方财政能力,它是地方一般公共预算收入与地方一般公共预算支出的比值[27]。财政自给率越高,表明地方政府拥有更好的预算支配权与自主权,越有可能增加财政资金投资科技创新,提升政府创新偏好。
本文将中国31个省、自治区、直辖市(考虑到数据的可获得性,不包括港、澳、台地区) 作为研究对象,数据研究区间为2012-2022年。所有变量的数据主要来源于《中国统计年鉴》《中国财政统计年鉴》《中国科技统计年鉴》和Wind数据库。
实证结果如表2。西部地区的财政科技支出对区域创新能力的回归系数为正,但并不显著。这说明西部区域政府财政科技投入并未能有效地促进地区创新能力的提升。主要原因为西部地区的财政科技投入、政府创新偏好和教育水平较低,可能造成对地区创新能力作用效果不明显。另外西部地区的地方政府在GDP考核压力下,往往选择把财政资源倾向于非创新部门而不是创新部门来达到考核要求[28]。
东部和中部地区的财政科技支出对区域创新能力的系数分别在1%和5%的水平下显著为正,说明东部地区财政科技支出对区域创新能力的提升有显著的促进作用。主要原因为东部和中部地区的科技创新水平、经济发展水平和创新管理模式相对于西部地区较为发达。东部沿海城市具有丰富的创新资源、完善的研发平台和科研补贴政策。对于科技创新“土壤肥沃”的城市[29],地方政府才有信心加大科技创新投入,促进区域科技创新与经济增长。比如合肥、武汉、广州、成都、苏州等城市的创新潜力较强,促进政府加大财政科技投入占比,提升政府创新偏好,推动了地区创新发展。其次,相比西部地区,中部和东部地区的财政科技体制和政府管理效率也较为完善,更有效地提升财政科技资源配置效率。
(1)可能存在的反向因果关系
将核心变量滞后一期不仅有助于缓解潜在的同期逆向因果关系,同时充分考虑政府创新偏好对区域创新能力的影响可能存在时滞效应。研发投入到创新产出再到应用往往需要一定时间周期,因此滞后一期可以同时兼顾“逆向因果”和“时滞效应”。估计结果如表3所示,LG的系数在1%统计水平下显著为正。结果说明在考虑同期逆向因果关系和时滞效应后,实证结果与基准分析保持一致。
(2)工具变量法
表4显示了两阶段最小二乘法的估计结果,从第一阶段和第二阶段回归结果可以看出,F统计量大于临界值10,说明工具变量与政府财政科技支出具有较强的相关性。Kleibergen-Paap rk LM检验的p值为0.001,工具变量通过了弱识别检验和弱工具变量检验。表明在考虑内生性问题之后,财政科技支出对区域创新能力有正向促进作用,结果稳健。
按照《全国科技经费投入统计公报》的定义,研究与试验发展经费指的是统计年度内全社会实际用于基础研究、应用研究和试验发展的经费支出。分税制改革以来财权上移、事权留置导致地方政府财权与事权的不匹配,这会导致地方政府财政科技支出结构的偏差。李平[30]通过研究基础研究与应用研究创新资源的最优配置问题,认为只有研发结构的调整才可能实现技术进步质的突破。刘畅研究发现财政分权制度下地方政府偏向减少基础研究支出,并且基础研究和非基础研究支出比例的失衡会对区域创新绩效产生负面影响[31]。
本文借鉴刘畅[31]分别使用地方财政基础研究支出占地方政府R&D支出的比重、地方财政应用研究支出占地方政府R&D支出的比重、地方财政技术研究与开发支出占地方政府R&D支出的比重来衡量地方政府财政基础研究支出(JCY)、地方政府财政应用研究支出(YYJ)和地方政府财政技术研究与开发支出(SY)。
$ \text{JCYJ}=地方政府财政基础研究支出/财政科技支出$
$ \text { YYYJ=地方政府财政应用研究支出/财政科技支出 }$
$ \text { JSYJ=地方政府财政技术研究与开发支出/财政科技支 }$
实证结果如表5所示,基础研究支出JCYJ和应用研究支出YYYJ对区域创新能力的系数均为正,且分别在10%和1%的水平下显著,说明对区域创新能力的提升有显著的正向激励作用。而财政技术研究与开发支出JSYJ对区域创新能力的系数为-0.016且不显著。主要原因为首先虽然财政分权赋予地方政府更多自由裁量权,但地方政府的财权和支出责任不匹配情况比较突出。地方财政对科技的投入数量很大,但现实情况中实际用于R&D的比例不高,在地方政府承担越来越多的财政科技支出责任下,基础研究投入虽然具有长期增长效应但短期内难以实现增长绩效,迫于财政支出压力地方政府易忽视基础研究投入。其次,地方官员晋升与地区经济发展挂钩,有限的官员任期使得地方政府短视化特征明显,政府财政忽略支持像技术研究与开发这类需要投入大量研发经费的活动,而应用研究短期内可以实现科技成果转化为区域创新做贡献,因此地方政府在有限财力约束下,更倾向将科技资金投入到应用研究上。
东部经济发达城市地方政府的财政纵向失衡程度较低,财源充足、财力雄厚,地方政府有能力通过调节自身的财政行为和发行政府债券来弥补财政缺口,对这些省份的转移支付更容易引发“道德风险”问题,它们可能会因为有额外的财力而增加举债规模、扩张政府支出以追求经济增长绩效,并将自身完全有能力承担的成本通过转移支付的渠道转嫁给中央政府或其他辖区政府;而中西部欠发达省份地方政府的财政纵向失衡程度较高,经济基础薄弱,财源有限,地方政府还要承担过多的支出责任,对这些省份的转移支付无异于雪中送炭,而且长期的财政困难会使中央政府对这些地方政府特别关注,转移支付资金的使用情况会被严格监督。因此本文将进一步研究财政纵向失衡、地方财政科技支出对东部、中部和西部区域创新能力的影响。
目前对财政纵向失衡的测度主要基于Eyraud和Lusinyan[32]的方法,因此本文采用财政分权与财政自主缺口率构建财政纵向失衡指标,并在测度中剔除了人口与经济规模的影响,公式如下:
$Vfi=1-\frac{F{d}_{1}}{F{d}_{2}}\times (1-Lbd)$
Vfi表示财政纵向失衡指数,Fd1与Fd2分别表示财政收入与支出分权指标,Lbd表示财政自主缺口率。当财政分权不对称,即财政支出分权越高、财政收入分权越低时,财政纵向失衡就越高。
$ \text { 财政收入分权度 } F d_{1}=\frac{\text { 地方政府人均公共预算收入 }}{\text { 地方政府人均公共预算收人 }+ \text { 中央政府人均公共预算收人 }}$
$ \text { 财政支出分权度 } F d_{2}=\frac{\text { 地方政府人均公共预算支出 }}{\text { 地方政府公共预算支出 }+ \text { 中央政府人均公共预算支出 }}$
$ \text { 地方财政收支缺口率 } L b d=\frac{\text { 地方公共预算支出 }- \text { 地方公共预算收入 }}{\text { 地方公共预算支出 }}$
表6显示了东、中、西三个区域数据的模型估计结果。实证结果为LG×Vfi对东部地区创新能力的系数为1.274,在1%的水平下显著;LG×Vfi对中部地区创新能力的系数为0.016,在10%的水平下显著,说明尽管中央地方政府的财政纵向失衡抑制创新,但东部地区经济发达,地方政府来源于民营企业的税收收入较多,有充足的财政资金支持,将更多的财政收入用于创新研发企业的财政科技支出,财政纵向失衡在财政科技支出对区域创新能力的促进作用中起到负向调节作用。LG×Vfi对西部地区创新能力的系数为0.017,且不显著,说明经济欠发达的地区财政纵向失衡在财政科技支出对区域创新能力的促进作用中起到显著的负向调节效应。主要原因为在中央地方财政纵向失衡下,西部城市经济发展相对落后,地方财力薄弱,在预算资金约束下地方政府财政科技支出偏向于短期经济回报高的项目,地方政府财政收入有限,导致区域创新能力不足。
基于2012-2022年31个省市的面板数据实证分析财政纵向失衡在财政科技支出对区域创新能力中的调节作用,结论如下:
(1)地方财政科技支出对东部和中部地区创新能力的激励作用明显大于西部地区。主要原因为东部地区和中部地区的科技创新水平、经济发展水平和创新管理模式方法相对于西部地区较为发达,提升政府创新偏好,更有效地发挥了财政科技投入的创新效应,推动了地区创新发展。
(2)财政科技支出结构的异质性检验发现基础研究支出JCYJ和应用研究支出YYYJ能够显著促进区域创新能力的提升。而财政技术研究与开发支出JSYJ对区域创新能力的提升有抑制作用且不显著。主要原因为地方财政对科技的投入数额很大,但现实情况中实际用于R&D的比例不高,在地方政府承担越来越多的财政科技支出责任下,基础研究投入虽然具有长期增长效应但短期内难以实现增长绩效,迫于财政支出压力地方政府易忽视基础研究投入。此外政府财政往往不会优先考虑支持技术研究与开发这类需要投入大量研发经费的活动,而倾向将财政科技投入到短期能给地方GDP做贡献的应用研究上。
(3)财政纵向失衡在政府财政科技支出对西部地区创新的促进作用中起到显著的负向调节效应。主要原因为东部地区的财政科技支出远大于中西部地区,基础设施、人力资本、社会资金等创新要素充足,拥有良好的创新环境,随着政府财政科技投入的提高,对区域创新能力的促进作用会高于中西部地区,所以财政纵向失衡在财政科技支出对东部地区创新能力的促进作用中起的负向调节效应低于对中部和西部地区。
(1)优化地方财政科技支出结构和规模,提高区域创新能力
优化地方财政科技支出结构,缩小地区间科技发展差距。东中西三个区域经济发展不平衡,财政科技支出结构的差异导致对区域创新能力的影响不同。对于经济发展水平高的东部地区,在加大财政科技投入的同时,应以财政科技资金为导向,引导社会资金进入创新领域,形成杠杆效应,填补创新发展过程中的资金短缺。中西部地区经济发展水平和区域创新能力较低、创新市场尚未成熟,尤其是西部地区,受限于自身财政能力,短时间大幅度增加财政科技支出难度较大,因此地方政府应根据地区实际情况和财力情况适度增加财政科技支出,同时中央政府增加对落后地区的转移支付和扶持力度,协助地区经济建设和科技发展,以防地区间创新能力差距的扩大。
(2)优化事权和支出责任划分,适度降低财政纵向失衡水平
明确中央和地方科技事权和支出责任划分。加快推进科技领域中央与地方科技事权与支出责任改革。适当的科技事权上移,加强党中央集中统一领导,强化中央在全国科技政策、科技规划、重大资源布局和重大科研基础设施部署上的统筹。其次,中央和地方政府应共同承担基础研究、应用研究和技术研究与开发研究的事权。中央侧重国家目标驱动的研究、重大基础研究和关键“卡脖子”技术攻关,地方侧重面向区域经济发展需求的应用基础研究和地方科研基础设施建设,确定各级地方政府推进科技创新中心建设的财政政策体系,并明确各职能部门的权责分工。
  • 国家自然科学基金委托项目2024(L2424123)
  • 中国科学院研究专项(GHJ-ZLZX-2025-18)
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2026年第44卷第8期
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  • 接收时间:2025-05-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-15
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20
  • 修回日期:2025-09-24
基金
国家自然科学基金委托项目2024(L2424123)
中国科学院研究专项(GHJ-ZLZX-2025-18)
作者信息
    1 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100190
    2 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190

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肖尤丹(1980-),男,研究员, E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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