Article(id=1317436220674790295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436203545243877, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=1763827200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792030871790, onlineDateStr=2026-10-15, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792030871790, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792030871790, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792030871790, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317436203545243877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='8', pageStart='1569', pageEnd='1792', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792030867705, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792031039088, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317436922423792157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436203545243877, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317436922427986462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436203545243877, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1569, endPage=1580, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317436220884505496, articleId=1317436220674790295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Restructuring of regional innovation system driven by provincial laboratories——A case study from the multi-level perspective, columnId=1309226307205034609, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Hot Issues, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Against the backdrop of China’s evolving science and technology governance, provincial laboratories are established across the country as pivots to bridge central strategies and local implementation, and as important platforms to promote the restructuring of regional innovation systems. Currently, the research regarding the establishment, development paths, and the role of provincial laboratories in driving the restructuring of regional innovation systems are still relatively under-investigated. To address this research gap, this paper employs the Multi-level Perspective and the Regional Innovation System theory to build an integrated analytical framework. Unlike traditional approaches that view innovation systems as static, this framework particularly focuses on the dynamic interplay and interweaving among multi-level factors, namely, the Macro-level Landscape (national strategy), the Meso-level Regime (regional in- stitutional frameworks), and the Micro-level Niche (technological innovation activities). This framework aims to decode how the institutional construction of provincial laboratories can serve as a process of socio-technical transition and finally lead to the reform of regional innovation systems. To verify this framework, this paper presents a single case study of the Liaoning HH Laboratory, a representative entity situated in a traditional industrial base facing urgent transformation pressures - Liaoning Province. By utilizing triangulated data from semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and internal documents, the study conducts a deep investigation into the case laboratory’s evolution in the area of high-end equipment manufacturing and machine tools. The case analysis reveals that provincial laboratories can act as critical adapters in the regional innovation system. Specifically, the study identifies three distinct paths in the HH Laboratory’s establishment and evolution: (1) Top-down institutional translation: responding to the landscape directives of national strategies, the laboratory was empowered to build a relatively autonomous management structure, which enables the laboratory to effectively convert abstract national strategies into localized exercises, thereby overcoming the previous disconnection between central policies and local implementation. (2) Meso-level demand alignment: by anchoring itself in the regional regime, the laboratory identifies and addresses specific local industrial demand, such as some technological barriers in machine tools, thereby helping tackle the historical misalignment that hindered local university research from supporting regional industrial upgrading. (3) Bottom-up consolidation of innovation activities: focusing on the niche level, the laboratory provides pre-investment and specialized support to consolidate fragmented innovation resources, which facilitates the commercialization of technologies that individual enterprises cannot handle, thereby feeding successful innovation experiences back into the provincial institution to reshape regional policies for technological innovation. With these findings, the case study reveals that provincial laboratories, as important vehicles for exploring new R&D mechanisms at the provincial level, have undertaken multiple functions in responding to national strategies, aligning regional industry-academia needs, and enhancing the efficiency of technology transfer. In this way, the provincial laboratory has effectively transformed the past innovation institution featured with insufficient central-local coordination, weak innovation foundation, and loose organization of innovation entities into a new institution. The analysis of this study indicates that provincial laboratories are not merely local executors of national projects but have become an active hub for multi-level policy coordination. In this sense, they perform an important force for promoting the transformation of regional innovation systems by aligning vertical strategic goals with horizontal industrial needs. The operational mechanisms of provincial laboratories provided an empirical basis and theoretical insights for understanding the on-going changes in China’s science and technology governance system.

, authors=Guan-nan ZOU1, Yong-gang LIU2, De-ming LIN1, Tao HAO2, Zhong-kai YANG1, authorsList=Guan-nan ZOU, Yong-gang LIU, De-ming LIN, Tao HAO, Zhong-kai YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=De-ming LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317436222331540387, articleId=1317436220674790295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=省实验室驱动的区域创新体系转型——基于多层次视角的案例研究, columnId=1309226307364418163, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=热点议题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

近年来,全国各地纷纷设立省实验室,作为推动区域创新体系转型的重要平台。当前,关于省实验室的创立、发展路径及其推动区域创新体系转型的研究,仍较为初步。本研究选取多层次视角和区域创新体系理论,构建了以多层级因素的互动交织为驱动力,以省实验室的体制机制构建为具体过程,以区域创新体制重塑为结果的分析框架,并以辽宁HH实验室为例,对其涉及的多条关键路径进行深入分析。案例分析表明,省实验室作为省级层面探索新型研发体制的重要载体,发挥了响应国家战略、对接产学需求、提升成果转化效能等多重作用,扭转了过去区域创新体系中存在的央地政策协同不够、省域创新支撑不足、创新主体组织松散等问题。研究发现说明,省实验室已成为多层级政策协同的枢纽,是推动区域创新体系转型的重要力量,为理解当前科技治理体系变革提供了实证基础与理论启示。

, authors=邹冠男1, 刘永刚2, 林德明1, 郝涛2, 杨中楷1, authorsList=邹冠男, 刘永刚, 林德明, 郝涛, 杨中楷, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=林德明, authorNote=

邹冠男(1994-),男,助理教授,E-mail: 。

刘永刚(1981-),男,助理研究员。

郝涛(1982-),男,副研究员。

杨中楷(1977-),男,教授、博士生导师。

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林德明(1978-),男,教授、博士生导师。
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Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 36(5): 533-543., articleTitle=Evolution of strategic scientific and technological power: The world and China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436230468490212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=76, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=毛义华, 曹家栋, 方燕翎, journalName=科技管理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=毛义华, 曹家栋, 方燕翎. 新型研发机构协同创新网络模型构建[J]. 科技管理研究, 2021, 41(3): 76-82., articleTitle=新型研发机构协同创新网络模型构建, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436230548181989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=76, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Mao Y H, Cao J D, Fang Y L, journalName=Science and Technology Management Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mao Y H, Cao J D, Fang Y L. 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Sustainability transitions focus on the fundamental transformation of the existing socio-technical system towards a more sustainable mode of production and consumption. Emerged in Europe two decades ago, this new research field has already exerted impacts on the green transition policy practices of many countries and regions. In recent years, transition studies have increasingly taken geography into account, resulting in a new paradigm of geography of sustainability transitions. This emerging paradigm focuses on the role of spatial embeddedness and multi-scalar interactions in explaining where transitions take place. This article provides a critical overview of the development in the geography of sustainability transitions research, and suggests five promising avenues for future transition research in the Chinese context: 1) to develop concepts and theorize from the Chinese context; 2) to link sustainability transitions with latecomer regions' industry catch-up; 3) to compare the sustainability transitions in cities with different leading industries; 4) to pay more attention to the role of local agency through the lens of multi-scalar interactions; and 5) to explore the impact of digitalization and artificial intelligence on sustainability transitions.

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China Population, Resources and Environment, 2022, 32(6): 94-103., articleTitle=Green windows of opportunity and sustainability transitions in latecomer cities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436239133921303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, doi=10.6049/kjjbydc.2019120051, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=37, issue=23, pageStart=18, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=54, authorNames=姚遂, 陈卓淳, journalName=科技进步与对策, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚遂, 陈卓淳. 社会-技术系统可持续转型阻力及治理研究——基于利基保护空间思路[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2020, 37(23): 18-26., articleTitle=社会-技术系统可持续转型阻力及治理研究——基于利基保护空间思路, refAbstract=可持续转型研究是一个发展迅速的新领域,旨在解释社会-技术系统转型如何发生以及如何治理,其理论影响日益显著。然而,当前实践表明,以能源、交通为代表的系统转型进程依然相当缓慢,因此厘清转型进程中的阻力具有重要意义。归纳分析系统转型的基本要求以及转型动态过程和机制,从产业结构、基础设施、知识基础、市场和消费需求结构、公共政策与政治力量及社会认知6个方面分析社会-技术系统中现行非持续体制,对新的可持续技术利基发展和转型进程构成阻力。在现行技术体制稳定情况下,加速转型进程必须扶持技术利基成长,从防护、培育、赋能3个方面建立和强化利基保护空间功能,突破体制路径依赖。最后,从“谁治理、治理什么、如何治理”3个问题切入,提出在利基保护空间动态发展过程中,政策制定者需要以治理思维推进其战略管理。), Reference(id=1317436239196835864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=37, issue=23, pageStart=18, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Yao S, Chen Z C, journalName=Science & Technology Progress and Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao S, Chen Z C. Resistances and governance in sustainability transitions of socio-technical systems[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2020, 37(23): 18-26., articleTitle=Resistances and governance in sustainability transitions of socio-technical systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436239272333337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=13, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=56, authorNames=常旭华, 仲东亭, journalName=中国软科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=常旭华, 仲东亭. 国家实验室及其重大科技基础设施的管理体系分析[J]. 中国软科学, 2021(6): 13-22., articleTitle=国家实验室及其重大科技基础设施的管理体系分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436239385579546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=13, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Chang X H, Zhong D T, journalName=China Soft Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chang X H, Zhong D T. Study on management system of nation's laboratory and its large research infrastructure[J]. China Soft Science, 2021(6): 13-22., articleTitle=Study on management system of nation's laboratory and its large research infrastructure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436239444299803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=30, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=58, authorNames=蔡跃洲, journalName=管理世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡跃洲. 中国共产党领导的科技创新治理及其数字化转型——数据驱动的新型举国体制构建完善视角[J]. 管理世界, 2021, 37(8): 30-46., articleTitle=中国共产党领导的科技创新治理及其数字化转型——数据驱动的新型举国体制构建完善视角, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436239507214364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=30, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Cai Y Z, journalName=Journal of Management World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cai Y Z. STI governance and digital transformation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China: From the perspective of building & improving a new type of data-driven national system[J]. Journal of Management World, 2021, 37(8): 30-46., articleTitle=STI governance and digital transformation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China: From the perspective of building & improving a new type of data-driven national system, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1317436230028088287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, awardId=24BGL102, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金资助项目(24BGL102), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1317436230107780064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, awardId=2024JJ14GH083, language=CN, fundingSource=大连市科技创新基金项目(2024JJ14GH083), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1317436230212637665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, awardId=2024NMZA-01-03, language=CN, fundingSource=中国工程院战略研究与咨询院地合作项目(2024NMZA-01-03), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1317436222620947364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436222629335973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, companyId=1317436222620947364, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Public Administration and Policy, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436222641918886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, companyId=1317436222620947364, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学公共管理学院, 辽宁大连 116024)]), AuthorCompany(id=1317436222713222055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436222725804968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, companyId=1317436222713222055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Liaoning Huanghai Laboratory, Dalian 116024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436222734193577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, companyId=1317436222713222055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 辽宁黄海实验室, 辽宁大连 116024)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1317436226521650125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Conceptual illustration of the regional innovation system, figureFileSmall=zLMLWlOb2Bcma/bEnv90zQ==, figureFileBig=1BJp/SE37h4ArgxaoK7F0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436226605536206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=CN, label=图1, caption=区域创新体系理论概念图

资料来源:本文作者据Beckenbach等, 2019绘制。

, figureFileSmall=zLMLWlOb2Bcma/bEnv90zQ==, figureFileBig=1BJp/SE37h4ArgxaoK7F0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436226878165967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Illustration of socio-technical transition from the multi-level perspective, figureFileSmall=mr4a//wbni2nUaMrzfDyTQ==, figureFileBig=RquJDt71b3j67/AYbQOQhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436226962052048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=CN, label=图2, caption=多层次视角的社会—技术转型概念图

资料来源:本文作者据Geels, 2019绘制。

, figureFileSmall=mr4a//wbni2nUaMrzfDyTQ==, figureFileBig=RquJDt71b3j67/AYbQOQhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436227066909649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Theoretical framework built by this paper, figureFileSmall=FVixJFO7JzLHKjSMYPsUvw==, figureFileBig=i+6mWlA6cvf6YN1Z5Ambpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436227163378642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=CN, label=图3, caption=本文构建的新理论框架, figureFileSmall=FVixJFO7JzLHKjSMYPsUvw==, figureFileBig=i+6mWlA6cvf6YN1Z5Ambpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436227238876115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Analytical framework and theoretical propositions of this study, figureFileSmall=cJpM8V3SydMof0eJ1/LGVw==, figureFileBig=C25wv6uhrqYKqT4+UJzPpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436227326956500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=CN, label=图4, caption=本文分析框架与理论假设, figureFileSmall=cJpM8V3SydMof0eJ1/LGVw==, figureFileBig=C25wv6uhrqYKqT4+UJzPpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436227444397013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Three practical paths of provincial laboratories, figureFileSmall=R/mBSNoVK25VjzkRaAELwQ==, figureFileBig=OB/7VUeU1BeaQQqoaoATBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436227528283094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=CN, label=图5, caption=省实验室的3条作用路径, figureFileSmall=R/mBSNoVK25VjzkRaAELwQ==, figureFileBig=OB/7VUeU1BeaQQqoaoATBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436229214393303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Data sources and meta-information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据类型 数据来源 量化信息 调研对象 编码
一手资料 半结构式访谈 5人次 300分钟 上级主管机构 G
10人次 900分钟 实验室管理者 L
5人次 450分钟 入驻科研团队 R
参与式观察 5人次 350分钟 合作企业 E
45个月 实验室成立运作过程 OB
焦点小组访谈 3次 540分钟 所有相关方 FG
二手资料 内部文档、纪要、文件、批示 >150份 实验室和省市重要会议 D1
公开报道 >50份 实验室发展成效 D2
), ArticleFig(id=1317436229331833816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数据来源组成及相关信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据类型 数据来源 量化信息 调研对象 编码
一手资料 半结构式访谈 5人次 300分钟 上级主管机构 G
10人次 900分钟 实验室管理者 L
5人次 450分钟 入驻科研团队 R
参与式观察 5人次 350分钟 合作企业 E
45个月 实验室成立运作过程 OB
焦点小组访谈 3次 540分钟 所有相关方 FG
二手资料 内部文档、纪要、文件、批示 >150份 实验室和省市重要会议 D1
公开报道 >50份 实验室发展成效 D2
), ArticleFig(id=1317436229436691417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Typical evidence and thematic coding for path 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径归纳 概念维度 二阶主题 一阶编码 典型证据(编码,年月)
响应国家战略布局的省实验室体制机制创设 国家战略
导向
承接国家
战略
国家需求 建设省实验室是加快创新型国家建设、驱动区域创新发展的重要抓手和务实举措。(G, 202205)
国家实验室 省实验室是国家实验室预备队,为国家提供更广泛试点空间和技术储备。(D2, 202411)
省级创新
体制
省级制度
保障
政府推动 省实验室是借助政策窗口驱动区域发展跃升的引擎。(L,202212)政府希望实验室整合创新资源、提升地方创新能力。(D1,202209)
专项政策 省政府印发《关于支持省实验室建设若干措施》,沈阳和大连也制定了配套措施。(D1,202205)
(实验室)
体制机制
和方向
机构体制
突破
体制障碍 实验室原计划沿用校企研究院经验,但科研团队考核仍依托各自学院,进驻意愿不高,难以建设跨学院联合团队。(OB,202210)
新型架构 实验室要真正激发科研人员积极性,就必须突破高校体系的碎片化管理逻辑。(R,202310)
自主赋权 实验室可以自主选聘科研管理和技术支撑人员、自主确定薪酬待遇和开展职称评聘。(L, 202305)科研团队拥有技术路线决定权和经费使用自主权,享有科技成果的长期使用权。(FG,202309)
), ArticleFig(id=1317436229533160410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

路径1的主题编码类目和典型证据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径归纳 概念维度 二阶主题 一阶编码 典型证据(编码,年月)
响应国家战略布局的省实验室体制机制创设 国家战略
导向
承接国家
战略
国家需求 建设省实验室是加快创新型国家建设、驱动区域创新发展的重要抓手和务实举措。(G, 202205)
国家实验室 省实验室是国家实验室预备队,为国家提供更广泛试点空间和技术储备。(D2, 202411)
省级创新
体制
省级制度
保障
政府推动 省实验室是借助政策窗口驱动区域发展跃升的引擎。(L,202212)政府希望实验室整合创新资源、提升地方创新能力。(D1,202209)
专项政策 省政府印发《关于支持省实验室建设若干措施》,沈阳和大连也制定了配套措施。(D1,202205)
(实验室)
体制机制
和方向
机构体制
突破
体制障碍 实验室原计划沿用校企研究院经验,但科研团队考核仍依托各自学院,进驻意愿不高,难以建设跨学院联合团队。(OB,202210)
新型架构 实验室要真正激发科研人员积极性,就必须突破高校体系的碎片化管理逻辑。(R,202310)
自主赋权 实验室可以自主选聘科研管理和技术支撑人员、自主确定薪酬待遇和开展职称评聘。(L, 202305)科研团队拥有技术路线决定权和经费使用自主权,享有科技成果的长期使用权。(FG,202309)
), ArticleFig(id=1317436229650600923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Typical evidence and thematic coding for path 2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径归纳 概念维度 二阶主题 一阶编码 典型证据(编码,年月)
围绕省级
创新需求的技术识别与实验室组织建构
本地产业
基础
重点领域突破 重点领域 辽宁致力构建自主可控、安全可靠的高端数控机床产业链,成立HH实验室前,D大学已在工业母机领域长期投入。(D2, 202412, 202502)
主体限制 辽宁地处东北,长期以来以大型重工业国企为主要市场主体,偏好于围绕大企业技术和工程问题开展创新研发活动。(G, 202309)
发展阻碍 辽宁省工业母机发展受到功能部件、加工工艺等关键核心技术的瓶颈制约。(OB, 2022-2024)
创新主体
间网络
创新合作扩展 平台支撑 D大学在本地优先领域中,积累了丰富的前沿技术研究基础,展现了满足产业需求的潜力,校内团队和企业有广泛的直接合作。(R, 202407)
企业需求 我们需要高效识别库存中的可循环利用产品。通过HH实验室,了解到D大学在人工智能视觉识别方面,具备优势技术和解决方案。(E, 202411)
主体整合 HH实验室提供了一个平台,帮助凝练多方需求和资源,加速技术从中试到产品市场化。(L, 202503)
(实验室)
体制机制
和方向
攻关模式
塑造
制度聚焦 HH实验室将突破制造行业需求的“卡脖子技术”确定为核心任务。(D1,202109)
架构调整 面向企业的具体需求,HH实验室可以专门设置组织模块,负责相应的技术领域。(L, 202309)
资源导入 HH实验室专门设置了攻关类项目,并出资支持,专门用于研发企业提出的技术需求。(L, 202411)
), ArticleFig(id=1317436229734487004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

路径2的主题编码类目和典型证据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径归纳 概念维度 二阶主题 一阶编码 典型证据(编码,年月)
围绕省级
创新需求的技术识别与实验室组织建构
本地产业
基础
重点领域突破 重点领域 辽宁致力构建自主可控、安全可靠的高端数控机床产业链,成立HH实验室前,D大学已在工业母机领域长期投入。(D2, 202412, 202502)
主体限制 辽宁地处东北,长期以来以大型重工业国企为主要市场主体,偏好于围绕大企业技术和工程问题开展创新研发活动。(G, 202309)
发展阻碍 辽宁省工业母机发展受到功能部件、加工工艺等关键核心技术的瓶颈制约。(OB, 2022-2024)
创新主体
间网络
创新合作扩展 平台支撑 D大学在本地优先领域中,积累了丰富的前沿技术研究基础,展现了满足产业需求的潜力,校内团队和企业有广泛的直接合作。(R, 202407)
企业需求 我们需要高效识别库存中的可循环利用产品。通过HH实验室,了解到D大学在人工智能视觉识别方面,具备优势技术和解决方案。(E, 202411)
主体整合 HH实验室提供了一个平台,帮助凝练多方需求和资源,加速技术从中试到产品市场化。(L, 202503)
(实验室)
体制机制
和方向
攻关模式
塑造
制度聚焦 HH实验室将突破制造行业需求的“卡脖子技术”确定为核心任务。(D1,202109)
架构调整 面向企业的具体需求,HH实验室可以专门设置组织模块,负责相应的技术领域。(L, 202309)
资源导入 HH实验室专门设置了攻关类项目,并出资支持,专门用于研发企业提出的技术需求。(L, 202411)
), ArticleFig(id=1317436229835150301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Typical evidence and thematic coding for path 3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径归纳 概念维度 二阶主题 一阶编码 典型证据(编码,年月)
服务创新
主体需求的创新要素
凝聚与体制重塑
区域经济
需求
成果转化期望 技术合作 我们主要设计开发航空航天领域的高精度机床等专用装备。为扩大这类产品适用范围,必须和企业合作进行二次开发和试制。(R, 202212)
产品转化 想形成标准化规模化的产品,实现量产,单靠科研团队为企业提供技术服务是远远不够的,必须以公司形式来组织生产。(L, 202309)
能力不足 本地企业往往没有足够的研发投入能力,很难实现真正的适配。(G, 202309)
支持机构
和设施
实验室
支持措施
支持对象 我们已经与某企业开展了长期的技术合作,研究成果也在产线中小规模部署运用,取得了很好的效果,入驻实验室有助于扩大规模。(R, 202409)
激励措施 为了解决这个问题,实验室搭建一个平台,提前投入资源,用地方企业需求来挖掘技术方向,以转化前景激发团队热情。(FG, 202409)
资金支持 HH实验室为团队提供了成立公司的启动资金和注册支持,还在场地、政策协调、市场拓展上给了实际帮助。(L, 202503)
省级创新
体制
成功经验反馈 体制成效 团队将成果实现了产业化,老师们得到了回报,更愿意进驻实验室,参与转化工作。(OB,202503)
角色定位 《辽宁省重点实验室群建设与运行工作指引(试行)》,将HH实验室某领导任命为工业母机实验室群负责人之一。(D1, 202410)
制度改进 辽宁省科技厅同HH实验室设立了开放基金,联合资助实验室之外的科研团队,面向工业母机等领域开展原创性技术研究。(L, 202503)
), ArticleFig(id=1317436229927424990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436220674790295, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

路径3的主题编码类目和典型证据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径归纳 概念维度 二阶主题 一阶编码 典型证据(编码,年月)
服务创新
主体需求的创新要素
凝聚与体制重塑
区域经济
需求
成果转化期望 技术合作 我们主要设计开发航空航天领域的高精度机床等专用装备。为扩大这类产品适用范围,必须和企业合作进行二次开发和试制。(R, 202212)
产品转化 想形成标准化规模化的产品,实现量产,单靠科研团队为企业提供技术服务是远远不够的,必须以公司形式来组织生产。(L, 202309)
能力不足 本地企业往往没有足够的研发投入能力,很难实现真正的适配。(G, 202309)
支持机构
和设施
实验室
支持措施
支持对象 我们已经与某企业开展了长期的技术合作,研究成果也在产线中小规模部署运用,取得了很好的效果,入驻实验室有助于扩大规模。(R, 202409)
激励措施 为了解决这个问题,实验室搭建一个平台,提前投入资源,用地方企业需求来挖掘技术方向,以转化前景激发团队热情。(FG, 202409)
资金支持 HH实验室为团队提供了成立公司的启动资金和注册支持,还在场地、政策协调、市场拓展上给了实际帮助。(L, 202503)
省级创新
体制
成功经验反馈 体制成效 团队将成果实现了产业化,老师们得到了回报,更愿意进驻实验室,参与转化工作。(OB,202503)
角色定位 《辽宁省重点实验室群建设与运行工作指引(试行)》,将HH实验室某领导任命为工业母机实验室群负责人之一。(D1, 202410)
制度改进 辽宁省科技厅同HH实验室设立了开放基金,联合资助实验室之外的科研团队,面向工业母机等领域开展原创性技术研究。(L, 202503)
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省实验室驱动的区域创新体系转型——基于多层次视角的案例研究
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邹冠男 1 , 刘永刚 2 , 林德明 1 , 郝涛 2 , 杨中楷 1
科学学研究 | 热点议题 2026,44(8): 1569-1580
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科学学研究 |热点议题 2026 , 44 (8) : 1569 -1580
省实验室驱动的区域创新体系转型——基于多层次视角的案例研究
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邹冠男1 , 刘永刚2, 林德明1, 郝涛2, 杨中楷1
作者信息
  • 1 大连理工大学公共管理学院, 辽宁大连 116024
  • 2 辽宁黄海实验室, 辽宁大连 116024
通讯作者:
林德明(1978-),男,教授、博士生导师。
作者简介:

邹冠男(1994-),男,助理教授,E-mail: 。

刘永刚(1981-),男,助理研究员。

郝涛(1982-),男,副研究员。

杨中楷(1977-),男,教授、博士生导师。

Restructuring of regional innovation system driven by provincial laboratories——A case study from the multi-level perspective
Guan-nan ZOU1 , Yong-gang LIU2, De-ming LIN1, Tao HAO2, Zhong-kai YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Public Administration and Policy, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • 2 Liaoning Huanghai Laboratory, Dalian 116024, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15
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近年来,全国各地纷纷设立省实验室,作为推动区域创新体系转型的重要平台。当前,关于省实验室的创立、发展路径及其推动区域创新体系转型的研究,仍较为初步。本研究选取多层次视角和区域创新体系理论,构建了以多层级因素的互动交织为驱动力,以省实验室的体制机制构建为具体过程,以区域创新体制重塑为结果的分析框架,并以辽宁HH实验室为例,对其涉及的多条关键路径进行深入分析。案例分析表明,省实验室作为省级层面探索新型研发体制的重要载体,发挥了响应国家战略、对接产学需求、提升成果转化效能等多重作用,扭转了过去区域创新体系中存在的央地政策协同不够、省域创新支撑不足、创新主体组织松散等问题。研究发现说明,省实验室已成为多层级政策协同的枢纽,是推动区域创新体系转型的重要力量,为理解当前科技治理体系变革提供了实证基础与理论启示。

战略科技力量  /  省实验室  /  区域创新体系  /  央地协同  /  多层次视角

Against the backdrop of China’s evolving science and technology governance, provincial laboratories are established across the country as pivots to bridge central strategies and local implementation, and as important platforms to promote the restructuring of regional innovation systems. Currently, the research regarding the establishment, development paths, and the role of provincial laboratories in driving the restructuring of regional innovation systems are still relatively under-investigated. To address this research gap, this paper employs the Multi-level Perspective and the Regional Innovation System theory to build an integrated analytical framework. Unlike traditional approaches that view innovation systems as static, this framework particularly focuses on the dynamic interplay and interweaving among multi-level factors, namely, the Macro-level Landscape (national strategy), the Meso-level Regime (regional in- stitutional frameworks), and the Micro-level Niche (technological innovation activities). This framework aims to decode how the institutional construction of provincial laboratories can serve as a process of socio-technical transition and finally lead to the reform of regional innovation systems. To verify this framework, this paper presents a single case study of the Liaoning HH Laboratory, a representative entity situated in a traditional industrial base facing urgent transformation pressures - Liaoning Province. By utilizing triangulated data from semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and internal documents, the study conducts a deep investigation into the case laboratory’s evolution in the area of high-end equipment manufacturing and machine tools. The case analysis reveals that provincial laboratories can act as critical adapters in the regional innovation system. Specifically, the study identifies three distinct paths in the HH Laboratory’s establishment and evolution: (1) Top-down institutional translation: responding to the landscape directives of national strategies, the laboratory was empowered to build a relatively autonomous management structure, which enables the laboratory to effectively convert abstract national strategies into localized exercises, thereby overcoming the previous disconnection between central policies and local implementation. (2) Meso-level demand alignment: by anchoring itself in the regional regime, the laboratory identifies and addresses specific local industrial demand, such as some technological barriers in machine tools, thereby helping tackle the historical misalignment that hindered local university research from supporting regional industrial upgrading. (3) Bottom-up consolidation of innovation activities: focusing on the niche level, the laboratory provides pre-investment and specialized support to consolidate fragmented innovation resources, which facilitates the commercialization of technologies that individual enterprises cannot handle, thereby feeding successful innovation experiences back into the provincial institution to reshape regional policies for technological innovation. With these findings, the case study reveals that provincial laboratories, as important vehicles for exploring new R&D mechanisms at the provincial level, have undertaken multiple functions in responding to national strategies, aligning regional industry-academia needs, and enhancing the efficiency of technology transfer. In this way, the provincial laboratory has effectively transformed the past innovation institution featured with insufficient central-local coordination, weak innovation foundation, and loose organization of innovation entities into a new institution. The analysis of this study indicates that provincial laboratories are not merely local executors of national projects but have become an active hub for multi-level policy coordination. In this sense, they perform an important force for promoting the transformation of regional innovation systems by aligning vertical strategic goals with horizontal industrial needs. The operational mechanisms of provincial laboratories provided an empirical basis and theoretical insights for understanding the on-going changes in China’s science and technology governance system.

strategic scientific and technological strength  /  provincial laboratory  /  regional innovation system  /  central-local coordination  /  multi-level perspective
邹冠男, 刘永刚, 林德明, 郝涛, 杨中楷. 省实验室驱动的区域创新体系转型——基于多层次视角的案例研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (8) : 1569 -1580 .
Guan-nan ZOU, Yong-gang LIU, De-ming LIN, Tao HAO, Zhong-kai YANG. Restructuring of regional innovation system driven by provincial laboratories——A case study from the multi-level perspective[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (8) : 1569 -1580 .
党的二十届三中全会提出加强国家战略科技力量建设,推进科技创新央地协同,统筹各类科创平台建设。近年来,各类新兴科技力量和科研组织形态兴起,成为培育新质生产力的重要载体[1]。其中,省实验室在战略定位、政府支持层级和制度创新自主权上,不同于国家重点实验室及一般新型研发机构[2]。作为省级政府发起建设和着力支持的研发机构,省实验室承接中央科技战略在地方的落实,又具备省级政府高位推动的行政资源,自身还具备显著制度突破[3],体现了央地协同下,战略科技力量在地化过程。不同于国家实验室的明确目标和固定组织形态,省实验室通常结合各省市特点[4],由省级政府、所在地市、合作支撑单位(高校、企业、科研院所)共同建设。因此,省实验室是探究我国区域性战略科技力量培育机制的重要窗口[5]。各省省实验室建设处于起步阶段,未形成可全国推广的模式[6],有必要深入具体案例,总结省实验室对我国科技创新体制的启发。
省实验室的发展,反映了各地以产学研协同为中心、对区域创新机制的自发改造[7,8]。针对该现象,区域创新体系理论可以阐释区域范围内的创新组织运作模式,能帮助理解创新平台建设中的多元主体互动[9]。现实中,许多区域的创新体系长期面临三大困境:一是央地协同不畅导致国家战略难以精准转化为地方行动,二是区域创新体系对省域发展需求支撑不足,三是创新主体层面缺少有组织的技术攻关和转化模式[10-12]。省实验室的设立,便旨在破解上述难题。因此,本文希望厘清省实验室如何纾解多层级困境并推动区域创新体系转型,从而回答以下研究问题:(1)省实验室的哪些独特性,使其成为衔接国家战略与服务地方创新需求的枢纽?(2)省实验室的体制创新,如何使其不断凝聚政策经验,并最终推动科技创新体制革新?
针对以上问题,本文引入“社会—技术转型”研究的多层次视角。该框架强调,新技术驱动的社会制度转型,应同时关注宏观导向和微观创新积累,最终体现为体制变革[13]。该视角能将区域创新体系置于多层级的科技体制转型背景中,探究自上而下的政策输入和自下而上的创新积累,如何塑造省实验室发展路径,并最终为科技创新体制重构贡献经验[14]。基于此视角,本文重点关注省实验室的平台纽带作用,以理解其如何串联宏观创新导向、中观创新体制和微观创新活动,从而纾解国家、区域、创新主体等多层级的问题。本文以辽宁HH实验室落实国家战略、对接区域需求、推动技术转化的过程为例,揭示科技创新体制转型过程。
2021年修订的《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》提出“国家统筹科学技术资源区域空间布局,推动中央科学技术资源与地方发展需求紧密衔接,采取多种方式支持区域科技创新”,强调了国家对于区域科技创新的宏观部署和体系推进,突出了区域在国家创新体系中的空间载体作用[15,16]。与此呼应,区域创新体系理论强调区域作为创新活动的关键空间单元,是各种创新要素互动和集聚的核心场所,区域创新能力的提升主要依赖于创新主体之间的紧密互动,以及区域内部制度与外部环境的共同作用[17]。区域创新体系可以分为三个圈层:最外层是社会经济环境,包括区域文化、政策环境和制度框架等,为创新活动提供背景;中间层是中介和支持机构,包括政府部门、科技服务机构等,可以推动创新主体间网络的构建;最内层是企业、科研机构和大学等创新主体间网络,通过合作研发与资源共享推动科技进步[18,19]。通过这三层次的协同作用,不同创新主体和要素在区域内部的有机结合,从而推动整体创新能力的提升(图1)。
省实验室可以视为区域创新体系的一种具象表现形式,通过省级政府的政策引导、科研机构与企业的协同合作,以及区域社会经济环境的支持,实现创新主体间的互动与资源整合,是区域创新体系理论中三层次相互作用的具体体现[7]。同时,因为区域创新系统本身的开放性,省实验室不仅受到区域内部创新主体的影响,还受到国家政策、跨地区合作以及全球科技发展的影响[20]。在此背景下,理解国家战略等外部力量如何驱动区域创新体系内部结构的动态演进与机制重塑,不同层级之间的创新要素如何发生有机互动,成为了一个重要议题[21]。
为了更清晰地揭示国家战略如何与地方创新实践相结合,并最终引发区域创新体系的机制变革,本文引入社会—技术转型研究中的多层次视角。社会—技术转型理论认为,科技创新驱动的社会变革,是在特定社会背景下,通过社会结构、文化、政策和经济等多要素之间动态交织影响实现的[22]。多层次视角是解析社会-技术转型具体过程及发生机制的主流框架,提出社会——技术转型的过程涉及三个层次之间的互动[23]:宏观“景观(landscape)”(对科技和社会变革有重大影响的因素,如国家战略)、中观“体制(regime)”(社会现有规则和规范体系,由文化习俗、基础设施、产业结构、政策法规等构成)、微观“利基(niche)”(试验性、原创性的小技术领域)[24]。
基于多层次视角,社会—技术转型过程可以解释为:宏观(景观)层面的重大变化对体制开创转型窗口,若微观(利基)层面的技术发展通过反复试错积累到一定程度,中观(体制)的社会规范则会被挑战,进而出现转变,形成新的社会—技术系统(图2)[25]。此外,多层次视角提出,要从市场与用户偏好(markets, user preference)、产业(industry)、政策(policy)、技术(technology)、文化(culture)和科学(science)等6个方面,描述和体现社会—技术系统的转变[26]。
有学者用上述框架分析区域创新路径转型案例,解释了区域创新模式的转型,与区域历史条件和政策环境高度相关,揭示了新能源汽车和光伏等新兴技术领域在特定区域的形成与发展过程[27,28]。映射到省实验室研究中,这种新兴科研组织旨在以新的多尺度要素融合路径,实现产学研转化和产业转型升级[29]。因此,多层次视角一定程度能解释,省实验室是如何在国际形势和中央导向等宏观因素指引下,由微观基础技术支撑,最终在省级层面形成新中观体制。也就是说,省实验室也可以被视为一种社会—技术系统的实体形态[30]。
区域创新体系理论,提出了创新活动发生机制的分析维度,为分析省实验室在区域创新中的角色提供了基本解释框架;多层次视角则提供了一个强大的动态分析框架,其宏观、中观和微观三个层次互动的机制,与我国“优化空间布局、推动央地衔接、多种方式支持”的区域科技创新部署高度契合[15]。同时,省实验室突破了过往新型研发机构的地方属性,以战略性和制度性特征,成为央地协同的枢纽和重塑区域创新体系的动力,也是创新主体进行技术研发和试错的场所[31]。省实验室的成立与运作,正与国家政策环境、区域科技体制、产业与创新基础等多方面因素紧密关联,是区域创新系统和社会技术转型的双重具象表现。
因此,可以结合多层次视角与区域创新体系理论,构建新框架(图3),将省实验室定位为一个链接多层级的枢纽,从而以开放的视角,看清其在国家、区域和创新主体之间传导压力、匹配需求、凝聚资源、反馈经验的过程。该框架将区域创新体系和多层次视角的中观层相对应,分析三个层次上的因素如何向省实验室汇聚,并追踪行动主体间的互动,从而解析区域创新体系的转型重塑过程。
基于理论回顾,本文提出如下假设:省实验室是区域创新体系的核心平台,其建立与运作过程中,能够通过链接宏观战略、中观制度与微观创新,带动破解多层级创新难题,并推动重塑省级科技创新体制。为开展实证分析并验证假设,本文提出图4所示的分析框架。该框架将多层次视角的6个中观维度(图2)整合为3个:政策、文化维度对应“省级创新体制”,分析省级政策方向与本地科技创新发展惯性;市场与用户偏好维度对应“区域经济需求”,分析地方市场需求及产业发展倾向;产业、技术和科学对应“本地产业基础”,分析省域重点产业方向。基于区域创新体系圈层结构(图1),本文重点分析省实验室的三个方面:“体制机制和方向”对应区域创新体系外层(社会经济环境),“支持机构和设施”对应中间层(中介和支持机构),“创新主体间网络”对应内层。
为演绎和验证以上框架,本文采用单案例研究方法,选择辽宁HH实验室作为案例。辽宁于2022年开始建设4家省实验室,其中HH实验室位于大连市,为依托某985大学(D大学)建设的非法人科研实体,围绕高端装备制造领域布局了高档数控机床、智能制造及智能装备等方向。遵循理论抽样原则,案例选取主要有以下考虑:其一,典型代表,辽宁是东北老工业基地重要组成,重工业占比高,企业缺少研发资金和创新动力,在众多寻求转型的传统工业区域中具有很强代表性;其二,框架适配,HH实验室既承接国家宏观导向,又服务省级经济转型需求、贴合本地创新基础,能反映本文框架中的要素;其三,理论深度,单案例方法可以对省实验室发展过程进行多维细致的剖析,检验和发展理论框架。
针对辽宁HH实验室的成立和运作,本文选取了多个具体范例,通过半结构式访谈、参与式观察、文档资料收集等方式,采集到多种一手与二手数据(表1),以实现不同类型数据间的三角验证。在2021年到2025年间,本文作者亲身参与了HH实验室工作,阅览200余份内外部文档资料,了解了HH实验室的政策形成、方向选择、上下沟通协作等多方面信息。访谈了上级主管机构负责人、实验室管理者、入驻科研团队成员、合作企业负责人等共25人次,访谈问题涵盖实验室的运作难点、实验室对研发的帮助、对产学研转化的促进模式等。
本文案例分析采取理论驱动的归纳分析(theory-driven inductive analysis) 策略,将理论演绎和实证归纳结合,步骤如下:首先,构建演绎框架,从国家、省级、创新主体3个层面考察省实验室演进路径,并基于多层次视角与区域创新体系理论,构建具体分析维度(如图4),为数据精细编码提供类目模板。第二,数据编码与主题归类,按照类目模板,对访谈、观察和文档等原始数据进行系统化编码,将编码后的证据分别归入“国家”“省级”“创新主体”3个主题方向。第三,路径机制归纳提炼,在各主题方向内部,对证据进行模式挖掘和关联分析,总结出3个主题方向上省实验室的运作路径,并对路径进行命名(如图5)。最后,理论化叙事,为了清晰呈现核心发现,本文在后续的案例分析章节中,以这3条路径作为叙事主轴,组织和呈现案例证据和分析过程。
区域创新体系中普遍存在的国家、省级、创新主体等多个层面的问题,在辽宁具体表现为:国家战略层面,科研单位受限于传统行政指令模式和考核体系,缺乏承接国家使命的内在动力和灵活机制,导致国家政策在本地的执行存在断层和偏差;省级发展层面,辽宁省受限于区域创新资源与能力的不足,存在高校技术供给与企业产业需求错配的问题,难以维持体系化的产学研合作,使得创新成果对产业升级支撑不够;创新主体层面,本地原有的科研组织方式,存在资源配置碎片化、主体目标分散问题,难以凝聚创新主体并形成有效的技术攻关和转化模式。省实验室的设立,即在于破除国家、省级和创新主体3个层级的体制机制阻力,下文案例分析将沿这3个主题方向,归纳HH实验室的发展路径。
为纾解央地协调不畅问题,辽宁HH实验室的创设强力响应国家科技战略,体现出地方主动响应上级政策导向、积极突破原有体制机制限制的特征(表2)。
(1)承接国家战略
2017年,科技部等部委印发了《国家科技创新基地优化整合方案》,明确了国家实验室是体现国家意志、实现国家使命、代表国家水平的战略科技力量,并且以国家实验室为引领统筹布局国家科技创新基地建设[32]。次年,党的十九大报告提出“强化战略科技力量”,张江实验室、怀柔实验室、鹏城实验室等国家实验室挂牌成立。在宏观政策指导下,江苏、浙江、湖北等省纷纷成立省实验室,各地省实验室的制度设计、研究方向选择与组织模式等方面,都主动对接国家战略导向,其基本路径和建设逻辑与国家科技目标之间存在深层耦合。
(2)省级制度保障
省级政策为辽宁的省实验室建设提供了制度保障,2022年9月,辽宁省正式设立HH实验室等4家省实验室。先进装备制造业是辽宁省面向国家重大需求的战略支柱,因此成为省实验室的重点领域。早在2006年,D大学就与企业建立了“驻校研究院”的协同创新模式,并协助开发多个国家重大装备,形成了政府、产业、高校、研究团队、应用场景协同的“政产学研用”合作习惯。2012年,由D大学牵头、多家企业参与,组建了辽宁重大装备制造协同创新中心。2024年,D大学与央企共同设立了工业母机装备制造联合研究院。综合以上校企合作基础,面向先进制造产业的HH实验室,最终确定为依托D大学建设。
(3)机构体制突破
为确保实验室的运作可以有效承接国家战略,实验室亟需突破高校原有的体制机制桎梏。为此,HH实验室采取了非法人科研实体的体制架构,实行理事会领导下的主任负责制,主任由D大学校长担任。D大学出台了支持HH实验室建设的专门措施,赋予实验室科研任务、岗位人事、资金设备、成果转化等方面的充分自主权。进一步地,D大学作为985高校,其内部制度创新具有显著示范作用,通过设立HH实验室,以D大学为代表的辽宁省创新源头机构,得以提升内部管理与外部产业需求的匹配程度,从而带动区域创新体系运行规则的重塑。
综上,通过体制机制改革,HH实验室将国家战略内化为自身发展方向,实现了从被动接受任务到主动创建机制的转变,打通了央地协同的阻碍。国家战略通过省实验室,自上而下为区域创新体系的演化提供压力和动力,带动省级政府精准改造科研体制,说明省实验室是宏观因素向区域创新体系渗透的重要窗口。
为引领区域创新体系服务省域发展需求,HH实验室在组织建构方面采取多重举措(表3),匹配了产学研需求,提升了实验室对区域创新问题的响应能力。
(1)重点领域突破
在国家战略引导下,HH实验室识别出了几个重要方向,但具体技术研发领域和攻关产品的选取,还需要综合考虑本省发展导向、本地企业需求和大学团队的技术能力。比如,在工业母机(数控机床)方向,我国长期受到西方国家的高端装备出口限制和核心技术封锁,辽宁作为我国最大工业母机制造基地之一,致力于突破核心技术瓶颈、构建自主可控的数控机床产业链。因此,HH实验室被赋予寻找和突破技术堵点的任务。在此背景下,实验室将高档数控机床作为主攻方向之一,并将D大学相关团队列为实验室入驻团队,为其提供配套研发资源。
(2)创新合作扩展
D大学与多家国企和央企合作,成立联合研究院,吸纳了多支相关的研究团队入驻实验室,形成有组织的集成攻关模式。很多细分领域的知名企业,与HH实验室建立了产学研合作关系,不断向HH实验室提出技术创新的增量需求,为实验室科研攻关提供了明确方向。例如,某新能源头部企业向HH实验室提出了自己的产品需求,实验室在考察该需求的技术与市场前景后,决定将其列入重点攻关方向,并邀请D大学有基础的团队入驻开展研发。在企业与实验室的联合投入下,该团队将一个处于前期开发阶段的视觉识别技术,应用到企业场景,进行了适配研发,形成了包含装备制造及软件提升于一体的解决方案。
(3)攻关模式塑造
在工业母机等重点领域团队入驻的基础上,HH实验室还将这些领域中面向企业需求的研发项目,定位为了“攻关类项目”,形成了“企业提出需求—入驻团队研发—技术回到企业”的攻关模式。实验室将一些尚未有企业提出需求,但未来潜力较高的技术,也纳入了该模式,计划在实验室研发成功后,再寻求企业承接转化。实验室为以上项目,都配置了充足的基础设施条件和研发资源。总之,这类项目突出特征是,基于本地产业需求识别重点技术,再牵引有能力团队承接,最终推动团队入驻实验室、并把其研究方向和所需设施列入实验室架构。
路径2体现出省实验室作为省级目标执行平台的角色。为解决辽宁面临的产业升级压力和前沿技术短板,HH实验室将模糊的市场需求识别成清晰的科研方向,并针对性地引导团队、整合资源,将科研活动聚焦至关键产业领域,改变了过去研发与市场脱节的状况,推动了创新链与产业链的深度融合。
为解决创新主体层面攻关组织松散、成果转化不畅问题,辽宁HH实验室进行了多方面机制重塑(表4),通过资源凝聚和主体激励,提升了成果转化效能。
(1)成果转化期望
为服务于本省发展目标,HH实验室需要设计相应的体制机制,满足创新主体(科研团队)和创新活动的需求,从而调动团队高效开展研发活动。在工业母机方向,省政府期望HH实验室能够基于D大学的研究基础,更多在本地转化技术成果。但是,企业对技术的承接能力有限,无法配置充足资源进行成果转化,难以激励校内团队与企业合作。为弥补企业能力不足、更好贴合市场需求,HH实验室遴选了两支工业母机团队入驻实验室,聚焦超低温清洁加工机床、高端车铣复合机床等装备,前置性地接过了市场主体没有能力开展的转化工作。
(2)实验室支持措施
实验室形成了激励团队开展科技成果转化的模式,给予入驻团队经费支持,用于规模化前沿技术攻关,并将成熟技术对接到企业市场需求。HH实验室还允许入驻团队利用大学产出的成果,在实验室开展转化。如实验室的精微制造技术与高端器件团队,长期从事精密—微纳复合加工的研发工作,开发出多台套高精度共形喷印制造装备,但一直没有形成产品。团队入驻后,实验室给予了资金、场地等支持,帮助团队完成了中试、熟化和产品化。同时,实验室还协助团队成立专门公司,形成了“材料制备—优化设计—结构加工—器件测试”的完整链条。
(3)成功经验反馈
以上举措提升了创新主体积极性与资源利用效率,科研团队依托实验室提供的支持措施,整合创新要素,实现了单靠企业和高校都无法完成的成果转化工作。HH实验室在科研组织方面的成功经验,也得以向上反馈,为辽宁省装备研发设计及相关产业提供了有力支撑,更新了省级创新政策体系。例如, HH实验室某领导被任命为辽宁省工业母机实验室群负责人之一,标志着HH实验室担当起省级产业集群协同合作的核心组织角色。此外,省级部门还同HH实验室设立了常规性开放基金,联合资助校内外科研团队开展工业母机等领域的原创性技术研究。
路径3体现出HH实验室通过前置投入、保障服务和团队激励,凝聚了创新资源、形成了有组织的技术攻关模式,破解了创新主体的成果转化困境,并为省级创新体制的优化提供了成功经验。这说明省实验室可以通过组织机制的自我革新,成为企业、科研人员与高校间的协调平台。
从案例事实可以看出,省实验室通过3条路径(图5),为国家科技政策、区域发展需求、科技创新主体起到了转化枢纽的作用。
路径1体现了“国家战略—地方体制—区域创新体系”的政策传导路径,通过省实验室体制创新,国家科技战略在地方顺利落地,减少了政策执行中的断裂。HH实验室基于高度自主权,构建起突破现有体制的独立制度空间,从而重组科研资源,提升自身响应国家战略的能力。这体现出在景观层(国家战略)自上而下的引导下,地方政府自主改造现有体制,构建起新的区域创新体系载体。
路径2体现了“地方政策—市场情况—区域创新体系”的需求匹配路径,省实验室链接了区域创新体系和地方发展需求。地方发展惯性和政企共同识别出的创新需求,为微观创新明确了方向,进而这些需求被注入到实验室框架内,并指引资源分配和技术攻关。该路径反映了,中观体制可以动员微观创新主体自下而上识别创新方向,明确“具体建设什么样的实验室”,改造区域创新体系。
路径3体现了“创新主体—市场机制—省级体制”的转化反馈路径,通过产学研协同创新生态,实验室促进了创新主体间协作和科技成果产出,最终增强了支撑科研成果转化的能力,并将政策经验向体制层反馈、引发深层次变革。路径3说明区域创新体系可以对体制产生自下而上的结构性影响,推动制度重构,为社会—技术系统赋予自发的制度与政策能动性。
综上,通过以上3条路径,HH实验室将过去央地目标协同不够、区域创新支撑不足、创新主体组织松散的体系,转型重塑为了国家战略高效落地、技术需求精准供给、创新成果顺畅转化的新型创新生态,分别纾解了国家、省级与创新主体层面的问题,表明省实验室不仅是国家战略的执行者,更是不同层级政策间的适配器。各地省实验室的具体发展方式可能存在区别,但以HH实验室为窗口,可以窥探省实验室牵引下区域创新体系的构建、定义与转型过程。
近年来,我国科技体制机制改革不断深化,各类战略科技力量相继涌现,国家实验室、省实验室等各类研发机构,成为国家和区域重大科技战略的具体执行主体。其中,省实验室有别于其他研发机构,体现出“央地协同链接点”的独特定位,成为探索战略科技力量央地协同和新型举国体制在地实践的重要窗口[33]。
各地在省实验室建设中呈现出的多样策略与灵活体制机制,如何反映中央宏观政策及地方能动性,有待学界开展全面理论建构与深入实证分析。本文结合区域创新体系与多层次视角,构建省实验室体制机制塑造与省级科技创新体系转型的新框架。此框架将省实验室看作区域创新体系载体,是承接宏观战略、落实中观政策、凝聚微观创新的桥梁。基于本框架分析辽宁HH实验室案例,发现省实验室面向国家、省级与创新主体层面的制度困境,通过3条发展路径,强化了央地协同、衔接了产研需求、凝聚了创新主体。这3条路径体现出地方主动推动科技体制转型的能动策略,回答了本文研究问题,验证了本文提出的假设。
本文贡献包括三方面:第一,在实证层面,从更加宏观的角度,分析了省实验室体制机制构建的宏观驱动力量和中微观互动动态,拓展了以现状描述为主的研究范式。第二,在理论方面,借助多层次视角,将省级创新体系的变革置于国家科技体制转型的语境下,厘清了地方科技创新体制建设中的央地协同机制。第三,在分析层面,以具体实验室为窗口观察了创新主体行为,具象解析了区域创新系统的能力来源,揭示了微观创新主体自下而上推动创新体制转型的能动性。
  • 国家社会科学基金资助项目(24BGL102)
  • 大连市科技创新基金项目(2024JJ14GH083)
  • 中国工程院战略研究与咨询院地合作项目(2024NMZA-01-03)
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2026年第44卷第8期
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  • 接收时间:2025-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-15
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18
  • 修回日期:2025-11-23
基金
国家社会科学基金资助项目(24BGL102)
大连市科技创新基金项目(2024JJ14GH083)
中国工程院战略研究与咨询院地合作项目(2024NMZA-01-03)
作者信息
    1 大连理工大学公共管理学院, 辽宁大连 116024
    2 辽宁黄海实验室, 辽宁大连 116024

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林德明(1978-),男,教授、博士生导师。
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