Article(id=1317436167637812153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1751558400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-04, revisedDate=1764604800000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792030859145, onlineDateStr=2026-10-15, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792030859145, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792030859145, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792030859145, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317436114500170416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='9', pageStart='1793', pageEnd='2016', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792030846476, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792031015367, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317436822926504829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317436822926504830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1947, endPage=1958, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317436168086602682, articleId=1317436167637812153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Organizational resilience, resource action and value creation: Based on multi-case studies of cultural and tourism enterprises in China, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In today's era marked by fragility, anxiety, non-linearity, and incomprehensibility, the “thrust” generated by societal progress and the “resistance” shaped by risk scenarios continue to accumulate, making long-term equilibrium elusive. This dynamic places enterprises in a perpetual state of tension where crisis and opportunity coexist within their operations and management. The cultural and tourism industry is highly sensitive to safety issues. Persistent crisis scenarios triggered by both internal industry factors and external elements — such as natural, social, political, and economic forces — can pose significant threats to the normal operations and survival of cultural and tourism enterprises. In navigating external crises, organizational resilience serves as the key to value creation through the cultivation of endogenous capabilities. The organizational resilience of cultural and tourism enterprises refers to the corresponding capacity for resistance, adaptation, and innovation formed through adopting appropriate resource allocation methods during the pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis response phases. It not only determines a cultural and tourism enterprise's adaptability to unexpected obstacles but also underpins its long-term success and sustainability. When confronted with setbacks, a resilient enterprise can swiftly adjust strategies and identify new growth opportunities. Based on resource action view, this paper examines four representative cases of cultural tourism enterprises to analyze the development of organizational resilience and the role of utility in value creation. The findings are as follows: (1) The formation of organizational resilience of cultural tourism enterprises follows the logic of "external crisis impact - internal resource arrangement - organizational ability", and its effectiveness follows the logic of "organizational ability - resource action - value creation". (2) The impact of organizational resilience on the value creation of cultural tourism enterprises is primarily seen in three areas: economic value, social value, and environmental value. Additionally, there is a positive mediating role of resource action between organizational resilience and value creation. (3) Cultural tourism enterprises, regardless of their property rights, follow the same fundamental logic in developing organizational resilience and achieving value creation. However, there are significant differences in resource arrangement and resource action paths. From the perspective of formation processes, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) adopt resource divestiture strategies during crises and resource expansion strategies afterward, in contrast to private enterprises. Regarding the utilization of resources, SOEs gain government support through resource coordination pathways; private enterprises formulate suitable development strategies via resource linkage pathways; and SOEs also emphasize industrial chain integration through resource enrichment pathways. The contribution of this article lies in relying on the underlying logic of resilience shaping, incorporating resilience shaping and utility exertion into the analysis of the enterprise value creation process, and comprehensively depicting the formation process of organizational resilience in cultural and tourism enterprises and its impact path on value creation. A new connection path of "organizational resilience - resource action - value creation" is proposed, expanding the explanatory boundary of the resource action theory. It also clarifies the logic of how resource actions form capabilities and how they drive value creation, providing a new cognitive perspective for enterprises to achieve value creation in a highly uncertain environment.

, authors=Lin LIANG1, 2, Mao-xi YANG1, Yan LI3, 4, authorsList=Lin LIANG, Mao-xi YANG, Yan LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317436171882447814, articleId=1317436167637812153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=组织韧性、资源行动与价值创造——基于中国文旅企业的多案例研究, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在跨越外部危机过程中,组织韧性是企业通过塑造内生能力实现价值创造的成功密钥。本文基于资源行动观,选择4家典型文旅企业案例,剖析了组织韧性的形成过程及其对价值创造的影响。研究发现:(1)文旅企业组织韧性的形成呈“外部危机冲击-内部资源编排-组织能力形成”的逻辑,其效用发挥呈“组织能力-资源行动-价值创造”的逻辑。(2)组织韧性对文旅企业价值创造的影响主要体现在经济价值、社会价值和环境价值三个方面,且资源行动是组织韧性与价值创造之间的正向中介路径。(3)不同产权性质的文旅企业在组织韧性形成及其实现价值创造过程中基本逻辑相同,但在资源编排方式及资源行动路径方面存在显著差异。本文贡献在于依托韧性塑造底层逻辑,将韧性塑造与效用发挥纳入企业价值创造过程的分析中,全面描绘了文旅企业组织韧性的形成过程及其对价值创造的影响路径,提出了“组织韧性-资源行动-价值创造”的新型连接路径,拓展了资源行动理论的解释边界,明晰了资源行动如何形成能力以及如何推动价值创造的逻辑,为企业在高度不确定的环境下实现价值创造提供了新的认知视角。

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梁林(1983-),男,教授,博士,E-mail:。

杨茂喜(1977-),男,博士研究生。

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李妍(1994-),女,讲师,博士。
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The contextual and behavioral dimensions of employee resilience mediated the effect of resilient leadership behaviors on organizational resilience. 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Organizational Research Methods, 2013, 16(1): 15-31., articleTitle=Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: Notes on the gioia methodology, refAbstract=For all its richness and potential for discovery, qualitative research has been critiqued as too often lacking in scholarly rigor. The authors summarize a systematic approach to new concept development and grounded theory articulation that is designed to bring “qualitative rigor” to the conduct and presentation of inductive research.), Reference(id=1317436186260520991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436167637812153, doi=10.5465/amr.2007.23466005, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=273, pageEnd=292, url=http://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/amr.2007.23466005, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Sirmon D G, Hitt M A, Ireland R D, journalName=Academy of Management Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sirmon D G, Hitt M A, Ireland R D. Managing firm resources in dynamic environments to create value: Looking inside the black box[J]. 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注:阴影框代表相对于另一类企业,该企业在该路径方面所采取的特有措施。

, figureFileSmall=OnFgLnWQaMX2QU5TBQuxEA==, figureFileBig=Rha/xG05W0wqvWa82ICsgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436177041441783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436167637812153, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Background information of cases

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信息 A B C D
企业信息 总部位置 北京 北京 上海 北京
主营业务 旅游信息咨询、组织文化交流活动、工艺品销售等 旅游观光、休闲度假、采摘等 园区定位、设计、改造、招商、提供增值服务等 旅游开发、游览景区管理、文化艺术交流活动等
成立时间 2015 2002 2016 2019
产权性质 国企 民企 民企 国企
典型危机
冲击事件
事件1 北京世园会闭幕(2018) 农村劳动力“老弱”与盘活农村集体经济相矛盾(2016年之前) “二房东”经营风险(2020) 国企改革(2019)
事件2 新冠疫情(2020) 世园会开幕(2018) 新冠疫情(2020) 新冠疫情(2020)
事件3 “十四五”旅游业发展规划(2021) 新冠疫情(2020) “十四五”旅游业发展规划(2021) “十四五”旅游业发展规划(2021)
事件4 冬奥会开幕(2022)
数据收集 访谈总时长 7小时 6小时 4小时 4.5小时
访谈对象 董事长(A1) 董事长(B1) 董事长(C1) 董事长(D1)
副总(A2) 副总(B2) 文化部负责人(C2) 副总(D2)
部门负责人(A3) 景区负责人(B3) 园区负责人(C3) 副总(D3)
访谈字数 7万字 6万字 5.3万字 4.2万字
其他资料 观察笔记、公司官网、公众号、媒体报道、CSR责任报告、书籍等(a1) 观察笔记、公司官网、媒体报道、CSR责任报告、文献资料、内部园区照片、规章制度等(b1) 观察笔记、公司官网、媒体报道、CSR责任报告、文献资料、内部园区照片、规章制度(c1) 观察笔记、公司官网、CSR责任报告、媒体报道、企业介绍与未来规划、内部照片等(d1)
现场观察 园区、展馆(a2) 园区、展馆(b2) 园区、展馆(c2) 园区、展馆(d2)
), ArticleFig(id=1317436177121133560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436167637812153, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

案例背景信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
信息 A B C D
企业信息 总部位置 北京 北京 上海 北京
主营业务 旅游信息咨询、组织文化交流活动、工艺品销售等 旅游观光、休闲度假、采摘等 园区定位、设计、改造、招商、提供增值服务等 旅游开发、游览景区管理、文化艺术交流活动等
成立时间 2015 2002 2016 2019
产权性质 国企 民企 民企 国企
典型危机
冲击事件
事件1 北京世园会闭幕(2018) 农村劳动力“老弱”与盘活农村集体经济相矛盾(2016年之前) “二房东”经营风险(2020) 国企改革(2019)
事件2 新冠疫情(2020) 世园会开幕(2018) 新冠疫情(2020) 新冠疫情(2020)
事件3 “十四五”旅游业发展规划(2021) 新冠疫情(2020) “十四五”旅游业发展规划(2021) “十四五”旅游业发展规划(2021)
事件4 冬奥会开幕(2022)
数据收集 访谈总时长 7小时 6小时 4小时 4.5小时
访谈对象 董事长(A1) 董事长(B1) 董事长(C1) 董事长(D1)
副总(A2) 副总(B2) 文化部负责人(C2) 副总(D2)
部门负责人(A3) 景区负责人(B3) 园区负责人(C3) 副总(D3)
访谈字数 7万字 6万字 5.3万字 4.2万字
其他资料 观察笔记、公司官网、公众号、媒体报道、CSR责任报告、书籍等(a1) 观察笔记、公司官网、媒体报道、CSR责任报告、文献资料、内部园区照片、规章制度等(b1) 观察笔记、公司官网、媒体报道、CSR责任报告、文献资料、内部园区照片、规章制度(c1) 观察笔记、公司官网、CSR责任报告、媒体报道、企业介绍与未来规划、内部照片等(d1)
现场观察 园区、展馆(a2) 园区、展馆(b2) 园区、展馆(c2) 园区、展馆(d2)
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组织韧性、资源行动与价值创造——基于中国文旅企业的多案例研究
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梁林 1, 2 , 杨茂喜 1 , 李妍 3, 4
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(9): 1947-1958
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (9) : 1947 -1958
组织韧性、资源行动与价值创造——基于中国文旅企业的多案例研究
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梁林1, 2 , 杨茂喜1, 李妍3, 4
作者信息
  • 1 河北工业大学经济管理学院, 天津 300131
  • 2 河北工业大学京津冀发展研究中心, 天津 300131
  • 3 河北经贸大学工商管理学院, 河北石家庄 050061
  • 4 河北经贸大学公司治理与企业成长研究中心, 河北石家庄 050061
通讯作者:
李妍(1994-),女,讲师,博士。
作者简介:

梁林(1983-),男,教授,博士,E-mail:。

杨茂喜(1977-),男,博士研究生。

Organizational resilience, resource action and value creation: Based on multi-case studies of cultural and tourism enterprises in China
Lin LIANG1, 2 , Mao-xi YANG1, Yan LI3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China
  • 2 Institute for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area Development Studies, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China
  • 3 School of Business Administration, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
  • 4 Research Center for Corporate Governance and Enterprise Growth, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15
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在跨越外部危机过程中,组织韧性是企业通过塑造内生能力实现价值创造的成功密钥。本文基于资源行动观,选择4家典型文旅企业案例,剖析了组织韧性的形成过程及其对价值创造的影响。研究发现:(1)文旅企业组织韧性的形成呈“外部危机冲击-内部资源编排-组织能力形成”的逻辑,其效用发挥呈“组织能力-资源行动-价值创造”的逻辑。(2)组织韧性对文旅企业价值创造的影响主要体现在经济价值、社会价值和环境价值三个方面,且资源行动是组织韧性与价值创造之间的正向中介路径。(3)不同产权性质的文旅企业在组织韧性形成及其实现价值创造过程中基本逻辑相同,但在资源编排方式及资源行动路径方面存在显著差异。本文贡献在于依托韧性塑造底层逻辑,将韧性塑造与效用发挥纳入企业价值创造过程的分析中,全面描绘了文旅企业组织韧性的形成过程及其对价值创造的影响路径,提出了“组织韧性-资源行动-价值创造”的新型连接路径,拓展了资源行动理论的解释边界,明晰了资源行动如何形成能力以及如何推动价值创造的逻辑,为企业在高度不确定的环境下实现价值创造提供了新的认知视角。

组织韧性  /  资源行动  /  价值创造  /  多案例研究

In today's era marked by fragility, anxiety, non-linearity, and incomprehensibility, the “thrust” generated by societal progress and the “resistance” shaped by risk scenarios continue to accumulate, making long-term equilibrium elusive. This dynamic places enterprises in a perpetual state of tension where crisis and opportunity coexist within their operations and management. The cultural and tourism industry is highly sensitive to safety issues. Persistent crisis scenarios triggered by both internal industry factors and external elements — such as natural, social, political, and economic forces — can pose significant threats to the normal operations and survival of cultural and tourism enterprises. In navigating external crises, organizational resilience serves as the key to value creation through the cultivation of endogenous capabilities. The organizational resilience of cultural and tourism enterprises refers to the corresponding capacity for resistance, adaptation, and innovation formed through adopting appropriate resource allocation methods during the pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis response phases. It not only determines a cultural and tourism enterprise's adaptability to unexpected obstacles but also underpins its long-term success and sustainability. When confronted with setbacks, a resilient enterprise can swiftly adjust strategies and identify new growth opportunities. Based on resource action view, this paper examines four representative cases of cultural tourism enterprises to analyze the development of organizational resilience and the role of utility in value creation. The findings are as follows: (1) The formation of organizational resilience of cultural tourism enterprises follows the logic of "external crisis impact - internal resource arrangement - organizational ability", and its effectiveness follows the logic of "organizational ability - resource action - value creation". (2) The impact of organizational resilience on the value creation of cultural tourism enterprises is primarily seen in three areas: economic value, social value, and environmental value. Additionally, there is a positive mediating role of resource action between organizational resilience and value creation. (3) Cultural tourism enterprises, regardless of their property rights, follow the same fundamental logic in developing organizational resilience and achieving value creation. However, there are significant differences in resource arrangement and resource action paths. From the perspective of formation processes, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) adopt resource divestiture strategies during crises and resource expansion strategies afterward, in contrast to private enterprises. Regarding the utilization of resources, SOEs gain government support through resource coordination pathways; private enterprises formulate suitable development strategies via resource linkage pathways; and SOEs also emphasize industrial chain integration through resource enrichment pathways. The contribution of this article lies in relying on the underlying logic of resilience shaping, incorporating resilience shaping and utility exertion into the analysis of the enterprise value creation process, and comprehensively depicting the formation process of organizational resilience in cultural and tourism enterprises and its impact path on value creation. A new connection path of "organizational resilience - resource action - value creation" is proposed, expanding the explanatory boundary of the resource action theory. It also clarifies the logic of how resource actions form capabilities and how they drive value creation, providing a new cognitive perspective for enterprises to achieve value creation in a highly uncertain environment.

organizational resilience  /  resource action  /  value creation  /  multi-case studies
梁林, 杨茂喜, 李妍. 组织韧性、资源行动与价值创造——基于中国文旅企业的多案例研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (9) : 1947 -1958 .
Lin LIANG, Mao-xi YANG, Yan LI. Organizational resilience, resource action and value creation: Based on multi-case studies of cultural and tourism enterprises in China[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (9) : 1947 -1958 .
党的二十大报告提出“以文塑旅、以旅彰文”,推进文旅深度融合,各级政府随之出台政策支持行业复苏。据预测,2024年国内旅游人次将超60亿,收入有望突破6万亿元。尽管“旅游+文化”模式已成为各地核心卖点,但产业面临同质化、融资单一、人才短缺与技术融合难等共性难题,加之疫情等“黑天鹅”事件曾造成巨大损失,使塑造组织韧性成为文旅企业生存发展的核心议题。业界共识认为,组织韧性是实现多重价值创造的关键。以北京欢乐谷为例,其通过文旅融合、拓展业态及灵活调整经营策略,在疫情中实现了业绩增长。然而,提升韧性所需的管理、技术与人力投入,短期内可能增加运营成本与管理难度,对盈利构成压力。可见,组织韧性对价值创造的影响较为复杂,其机制仍需深入探索。
针对“文旅企业组织韧性如何形成及其如何影响价值创造”这一实践困惑,学术界的回应主要存在两点不足:(1)在韧性构成与形成过程上,现有研究多聚焦危机中的应对行动[1]或韧性表现[2],忽略了在“前-中-后”全过程中举措与能力的差异性。尽管已有学者从理论角度归纳了不同时间维度下组织采取的行动以及与其相匹配的能力[3],但缺乏基于具体情境的形成过程研究;(2)在韧性对价值创造的影响上,虽有研究肯定其对经济[4]、社会[5]及环境价值[6]的积极作用,但也有观点指出二者可能存在非线性关系[7]甚至潜在负向影响[8]。现有结论尚存分歧,影响机制仍需深入探究。
针对以上现实与理论瓶颈,本文围绕“文旅企业组织韧性如何形成及其对价值创造如何产生影响”的核心问题,聚焦于“文旅企业组织韧性如何形成”和“文旅企业组织韧性如何影响价值创造”两方面,通过4个典型文旅企业案例的分析和对比,旨在为更好促进文旅融合提供理论和实践参考。
本文的研究贡献在于:第一,基于资源行动观,全面阐释了文旅企业组织韧性的形成过程及其对价值创造的影响,响应了张璐等[9]探究资源行动的过程机制及其能力提升的号召,增强了资源行动观在文旅企业价值创造中的解释力。第二,遵循“外部情境-资源行动-组织能力”的逻辑,厘清了文旅企业组织韧性的形成过程,发现了资源编排是助推组织韧性形成的关键要素,丰富了资源行动观中“资源-能力”联系间的前因条件。第三,提出了“组织韧性-资源行动-价值创造”间的新路径,既丰富了组织韧性与价值创造间的作用机制,也拓展了资源行动观中“能力-资源行动”联系间的后效。
传统的资源基础理论立足于资源的静态异质性来解释企业竞争优势[10],却因忽视动态过程而显露局限。随后兴起的动态能力研究虽关注资源的动态整合,但仍未揭示其具体作用机制。为弥补这一断层,资源行动观应运而生,它深度融合了资源基础观与动态能力理论,旨在阐明企业通过具体行动配置资源的微观过程[11]。其中,与资源情境相匹配的资源行动是企业将所拥有和可获取的资源转化为组织能力的必要桥梁;组织能力是企业通过资源行动获取竞争优势的有力支撑[9]。前者为探究文旅企业组织韧性的形成提供了理论支撑;后者为探究组织韧性促进价值创造的路径提供了理论支撑。
组织韧性是组织在面对外部冲击时减缓或降低负面影响,保持创新系统稳定、可持续发展的能力[12]。也有学者将组织韧性看作是企业在危机前的抵御能力、危机时的反应能力以及危机后的超越能力[13]。不难看出,现有研究主要从能力和过程视角剖析组织韧性的内涵及形成过程。(1)能力观:组织韧性被视为一系列能力的集合,存在两种能力观[1,14]、三种能力观[15]和四种能力观[2]。(2)过程观:组织韧性被视为与逆境事件冲击的互动过程,存在三阶段[16]和四阶段[17]。
(1)影响效果
基于现有研究成果及本课题组前期文旅企业调研数据,将组织韧性对价值创造的影响解构为经济、社会与环境价值三方面。一是组织韧性与经济价值:大多数研究认为组织韧性对短期业绩和长期绩效均具有积极影响[4]。但也有少数研究从理论层面提出组织韧性可能会给企业业绩带来负向影响[8],也有研究指出组织韧性可能会带来双刃剑效应[18]。二是组织韧性与社会价值:组织韧性有利于提升利益相关者满意度[5]、服务质量[19]等社会价值。三是组织韧性与环境价值:大多数研究认为组织韧性对环境价值具有积极影响[6],但组织韧性对降低材料和能源消耗等方面的环境价值作用较弱。总体来说,组织韧性究竟对价值创造产生何种影响仍语焉不详。
(2)路径分析
鉴于组织韧性究竟对价值创造产生何种影响尚不明晰,二者间的影响路径研究更是呈碎片化特征。现有研究主要探讨了战略变革[4]、产品创新[20]、数字创新[21]等企业资源行动在组织韧性与经济价值方面的中介作用,对于组织韧性与环境价值和社会价值间的影响路径研究仍十分匮乏。此外,本课题组通过前期调查发现,文旅企业组织韧性形成可能会促使企业采取不同类型的资源行动,进而影响企业经济价值、社会价值和环境价值。由此推断,文旅企业组织韧性可能通过一定的资源行动进而影响价值创造。
(1)现有研究不足
尽管组织韧性内涵及其与价值创造关系的研究已取得进展,但仍存在三方面局限,具体表现为:首先,现有研究对组织韧性的内涵解构多聚焦于危机情境下的形成过程或表现形式,对文旅企业情境下的内涵解构与形成机制尚未形成共识;其次,在组织韧性对价值创造的影响效果方面,虽已有研究探讨组织韧性对单一价值维度的作用,但结论存在分歧,对多维度价值创造的系统性影响仍缺乏定论;最后,在影响路径研究中,资源行动作为连接组织韧性与多元价值创造的关键中介路径已得到实践观察支持,但该路径的理论验证及作用机制仍需进一步探究。
(2)理论分析框架
基于资源行动观,本文采用探索性多案例的研究方法,首先,遵循“外部情境变化-资源行动-核心能力塑造”的逻辑,解构文旅企业组织韧性的形成机制;其次,将价值创造划分为经济、环境与社会三维度;基于“能力发挥-资源行动-价值创造”逻辑,剖析文旅企业组织韧性与价值创造间的作用机制,构建理论分析框架(见图1)。
本文采用探索性多案例的研究方法,具体原因包括以下三点:第一,本文聚焦于文旅企业,探讨组织韧性的内涵、形成过程及其如何影响价值创造,相关问题通常被归结为典型的“是什么”与“如何”。多案例研究尤其适合在具体情境中深度分析和解答过程类问题[22]。第二,已有研究关于组织韧性对价值创造的影响研究尚不完善,且结论存在分歧。采用多案例研究能够揭示多个构念间的复杂关系,从而厘清组织韧性对价值创造的影响路径。第三,相较于单案例研究,多案例研究更能汇聚全面和多样化的数据源,通过不同案例间的复制与比较,有助于形成更为科学和普适的理论模型[23]。
本文案例企业的选择标准:(1)遵循适配性原则。本文旨在探讨文旅企业组织韧性的内涵、形成过程及其对价值创造的影响。因此,所选取的案例企业遭遇不止一次的逆境冲击且在冲击后发展态势良好,以保证所选取的案例企业具备较高韧性,以更好诠释组织韧性对价值创造的影响。(2)遵循数据可获取性和完整性原则。调研团队采取了如实地走访、微信沟通、邮件交流、企业宣传手册等多种途径收集信息。同时,考虑到多种数据源间的三角验证,选取了公开信息较多的企业。(3)遵循普适性原则。考虑到研究结果的普适性,一方面,选取的案例企业在企业规模、产权性质和细分行业等方面存在显著差异;另一方面,选取的案例企业所面临的典型危机事件,既有共通性,又有特色性。
为确保数据的真实性和可信度,正式调研前,研究团队通过访问公司官网、查看媒体报道、阅读相关期刊文献等收集汇总调研企业信息;正式调研时,调研小组采取了现场观察与半结构化访谈相结合的方式收集资料,以实现数据间的三角验证。具体如表1所示。
(1)数据梳理:确定时间表与分析单元。根据案例资料梳理得出4个案例的背景和遭遇的冲击事件表,重点关注典型危机冲击事件、应对过程、组织韧性对价值创造产生的影响路径等,并标注发生的时间点或时间段。在此基础上,基于多案例间的复制和对比逻辑,将4个案例企业视为分析单元,而各案例经历的危机冲击视为分析子单元。
(2)数据编码:识别构念。基于Gioia等[24]的实施策略,采用了一阶/二阶的结构化数据分析方法对案例资料进行概念化编码。首先,基于访谈原话提取一阶概念;其次,结合研究主题归纳出二阶主题;再次,整合相近主题形成聚合构念。编码过程中通过团队讨论、补充资料及企业求证确保一致性与有效性,最终形成75个一阶概念、22个二阶主题和9个聚合构念(图2)。
(3)数据对比:跨案例分析。对比各案例间的共性和差异性,进一步分析了组织韧性对价值创造的影响路径差异。具体来看,考虑企业产权性质的差异,本文将案例企业划分为国有企业组(A企业和D企业)和民营企业组(B企业和C企业),探讨案例之间组织韧性对价值创造的影响路径差异。
文旅企业组织韧性的内涵及形成过程是本文的研究起点。结合案例资料编码,本文发现文旅企业组织韧性是在“危机前-危机中-危机后”的应对过程中,通过采取适配的资源行动所形成的与其相匹配的抵御能力、适应能力和革新能力,解释了文旅企业组织韧性的内涵及形成过程。其中,案例资料分析发现,其资源行动主要体现为资源编排。文献指出资源编排包括资源获取、资源捆绑和资源利用三个过程,即通过资源积累与获取实现资源组合、延展现有资源和开拓新资源、协调部署利用资源[25]。基于此,本部分将重点基于资源编排剖析文旅企业组织韧性的形成过程。
(1)危机前:抵御能力。危机冲击前,组织抵御危机冲击的能力体现为抵御能力,即组织通过资源积累和识别以抵御危机冲击的能力。
第一,资源积累主要表现为组织在经营过程中,通过获取资源增强自身资源基础,以在危机前做好预警或迅速响应潜在危机。例如,B企业通过精细化管控生产的每个环节(从施肥、浇水到授粉、疏果),确保流程达标,从而降低潜在风险造成的危害。D企业致力于培育高素质人才队伍,以增强组织主动预测并在变化发生前做出响应的能力。
第二,资源识别主要表现为组织清晰了解并储备自身资源,以在危机来临前做好防备。例如,A企业依托其空间与基础设施优势;B企业发挥其区域优势与种植经验;C企业利用其盈利基础;而D企业与C企业还通过识别客户需求,将资源投向服务升级(如建设度假区、设计增值服务),成功构建了竞争壁垒与风险缓冲。
(2)危机中:适应能力。危机冲击中,组织适应危机冲击的能力体现为适应能力,即组织通过对现有资源进行延展或剥离无资源,以适应变化环境的能力。
第一,资源延展主要体现为对现有资源的优化及延伸,以提高资源配置效率,从而快速响应危机变化。例如,A企业在世园会闭幕后,推出研学与亲子活动,灵活适应市场变化(A1、A3,事件1)。B企业借助世园会和冬奥会机遇,将苹果盆景转化为便携饰品及多类艺术盆景,并利用暖棚技术延长销售期(B1、B2、B3、b2,事件2、事件4)。C企业面对“二房东”经营风险,采取AB模式、委托及直营等多种运营模式,并通过差异化评估提升运营韧性(C1、C3,事件1)。在“十四五”旅游业发展规划的要求下,D企业升级夜长城体验与演艺内容,契合多元化需求(D1、d1、d2,事件3)。
第二,资源剥离主要体现为组织将拥有的部分资产、子公司等出售或分立,以灵活应对市场变化。例如,A企业在疫情期间通过资产证券化优化资产结构,缓解资金压力(A1,事件3)。D企业一方面在疫情中暂停景区服务以保障安全(D1,事件2),另一方面在国企改革中剥离游客服务等业务,通过减员增效提升管理效能(D2、d1,事件1)。
(3)危机后:革新能力。危机冲击后,组织抵御危机冲击的能力体现为革新能力,即组织通过开拓新资源和因势做好资源规划,以从危机中实现恢复甚至变得更强大的能力。
第一,资源规划主要体现在根据环境变化,合理规划现有资源以推动危机后的复苏与成长。例如,A企业借助世园会闭幕后公众关注,开发旅游文化产品(A1、A2,事件1),并借鉴敦煌莫高窟引流策略加速疫后复苏(A1,事件3);B企业识别文创领域空白,推动产品创新(B1、B3,事件2),并将盆景资源引入教育,建设主题公园与高端民宿(B1、B2,事件2);C企业引入灵活办公与线上营销等措施,助力疫后振兴(C1、C3,事件2);D企业依托长城资源,推出“冬季冰雪畅滑通”等高端产品,强化文化IP与多感官体验(D1、D2,事件3)。
第二,资源开拓主要体现在组织在现有资源基础上开发新资源,以借势实现逆势成长。例如,A企业在世园会后提出“生态+”理念,融合园艺、教育、体育与艺术,推动多元化发展(A1、A2,事件1)。D企业在国企改革背景下,加强旅游产品推广与车辆租赁服务(D1、d2,事件1),并将长城文化融入文创产品设计,开发兼具实用与收藏价值的产品系列,促进企业快速反弹(D2、D3,事件3)。
通过前期调研和文献回顾,结合案例资料编码,本文发现文旅企业组织韧性对价值创造的影响效果主要体现在经济价值、社会价值和环境价值三个方面,解释了文旅企业组织韧性对价值创造的影响是什么。
(1)经济价值。经济价值主要反映了企业的直接经济成果,体现为成本、收益、品牌和市场地位四个方面。例如,A企业通过战略调整控制运营成本(A1、A2,事件1),并策划活动提升收入(A1、a1,事件3);B企业依托技术培育与品牌建设实现营收增长(B1、b1,事件1),并借势世园会与冬奥会树立行业地位(B1、B3,事件2、4);C企业在疫情期间保持收入稳定(c1,事件2),并通过专业运营赢得认可(C1、C2,事件1);D企业同样在疫情期间维持收益(D1、d1,事件2),并借助线上平台提升销售额与品牌影响力(D1、D2、d1,事件3)。
(2)社会价值。社会价值反映了企业在履行社会责任方面的成效,体现在满足游客需求、维护员工权益和承担社会义务等方面。例如,游客服务:B企业结合世园会与冬奥会提升产品与服务品质(B1、B2、B3,事件2、4);D企业打造特色旅游产品以提高游客满意度(D2,事件3)。员工权益:D企业在国企改革中平稳安置超千名员工,实现有序过渡(D1、d1,事件3)。社会义务:A企业举办文体活动传播绿色发展理念(A1、A2,事件3);B企业借助AI技术助力乡村振兴(B1、B2、b1,事件1);C企业组织疫情防控志愿服务(C1、C3,事件2);D企业开展直播助农缓解滞销问题(D1,事件2)。
(3)环境价值。环境价值主要反映了企业对生态环境的保护和对绿色发展的追求,体现在保护生态环境、促进节能减排和助力绿色发展三个方面。例如,A企业依据“十四五”规划实施绿色改造,利用太阳能并建立碳足迹管理系统,实现精准控排(A1、a1,事件3)。B企业借世园会发展盆景园艺与生态农业,完善乡村绿化与设施,助力绿色生态乡村建设(B1、B3、b1,事件1)。C企业引入AI活力广场、垂直森林等设计,改造废旧建筑为绿色空间,使用绿电提升能效(C1、C2、C3,事件3)。D企业采用节能灯具与智能传感调控照明,推行生态旅游并完善垃圾与污水处理设施(D1、D2、D3、d1,事件3)。
本节进一步阐述了文旅企业组织韧性对价值创造的影响路径。通过对案例资料的编码,文旅企业组织韧性主要通过资源行动路径影响价值创造。资源行动路径呈现出“资源协同-资源链接-资源丰富”的过程。图3呈现了组织韧性、资源行动和价值创造之间的驱动逻辑。基于对子单元的分析,本文从资源行动层面解释了文旅企业组织韧性如何影响价值创造。具体如下:
(1)资源协同。资源协同是指企业将吸收的外部资源与内部资源相整合,以优化资源组合。例如,A企业疫情期间利用政策优惠整合资源提升效益(A1、A2、a1,事件2),并引入AR/VR技术构建智慧平台实现多元价值(A1、A2、a1、a2,事件3);B企业借助大型展会机遇,融合云计算与AI技术,推动农业智能化与绿色转型(B1、B2,事件2、4);C企业通过自主研发ICS系统,整合人、物、空间与数据资源,提升能效并促进减排(C1,事件2);D企业凭借组织韧性获取政策支持缓解财务压力(D,事件2),并依托政府基建改造协同内外资源助力区域发展(D1,事件3)。
(2)资源链接。资源链接是指企业对现有资源的优化以及形成与自身能力相匹配的战略,以促进资源有效利用。例如,A企业在世园会后策划多元活动,降低运营成本并带动地方经济与生态保护(A1、A2,事件1);B企业组建合作社推动集约化管理,引入技术促进增收(B1、B2,事件1),并借大型展会开发文旅项目,助力区域绿色发展(B1、b1、b2,事件2、4);C企业围绕客户需求升级园区与引流策略,增强品牌与收益(C1、C2,事件1),并在疫情期间将可持续发展融入长期战略(C1、C3,事件2);D企业在改革中推出长城主题产品以吸引游客、支持员工(D1,事件1),疫情期间通过新媒体拓展营销(D1,事件2),并依托线上线下平台推动文创,实现经济效益与资源节约(D1、D2、d1,事件3)。
(3)资源丰富。资源丰富是指通过产业链融合和开展合作等方式以充裕资源。例如,产业链融合:A企业将会展资源延伸至文旅领域(A1,事件1),并推动体育与旅游融合创新(A2、A3,事件3);D企业整合农耕、非遗与旅游资源,形成“旅带农”模式(D1、D2,事件3)。合作拓展:A企业与体育文化机构合作推动生态文明(A1、A2,事件3);B企业联合高校提升文创与种植技术(B1、B2,事件2、4);C企业与友商合作开展公益,增强社会形象(C1,事件2);D企业整合内部资源优化研学品牌,与物流企业合作(D1、d2,事件3),并联合研学机构开发长城项目(D1、d1,事件1)。
将以上结论反馈给4家企业高管后,发现仍存在两个问题。(1)受访高层都谈到虽然基本认同本文关于资源编排方式和资源行动路径的阐述,但不同企业间在资源编排方式和资源行动路径方面还是存在细微差异,尤其体现在不同产权性质的企业之间。(2)已有研究提出组织能力需经一定的资源行动进而影响绩效[9],访谈的企业高管也认同这一路径,因此,本文认为还需要采取跨案例比较的方式,探讨组织韧性形成与效用发挥过程中的差异。
考虑到国有企业和民营企业在资源优势、融资水平、抗风险能力等方面存在较大差别,与受访高管谈及产权性质不同的企业在组织韧性形成过程和效用发挥过程存在差异的意图基本吻合,进一步将4个案例分为国企组和民企组,进行案例组间比较,力求深挖组织韧性形成及效用发挥过程中的差异。
(1)组织韧性形成过程的差异。通过两组案例企业对比发现,文旅企业组织韧性的形成得益于资源编排方式,但从形成过程上看,两组间存在显著差异,如图4所示。危机中,国有企业凭借资源与融资优势,更倾向于采取资源剥离以应对变化。例如:A企业通过资产证券化优化资产;D企业暂停景区服务保障安全,并在国企改革中剥离非核心业务以提升响应能力。危机后,国有企业依托政策与关注度优势,更易通过资源开拓实现逆势成长。例如:A企业提出“生态+”理念,推动多领域融合以促进多元化;D企业调整经营重点,加强旅游产品与车辆租赁业务,并将长城文化融入文创产品以加速成长。
(2)资源行动路径的差异。通过两组案例企业对比发现,文旅企业组织韧性均通过影响资源行动进而影响价值创造,但从资源行动路径看,两者间存在显著差别。如图5所示。资源协同方面,国有企业政策支持更多,更易实现内外部资源协同。如A企业在疫情期间借助政策实现效益稳步增长;D企业通过税收优惠缓解压力,并依托政府支持推进基建,取得综合成效。资源链接方面,民营企业更具灵活性与战略适应性,能快速匹配资源与能力。如B企业组织果农成立合作社,引入先进技术促进多元价值统一;C企业通过灵活付款等措施缓解经营压力。资源丰富方面,国有企业资源整合能力更强,更易推动产业链融合。如A企业将会展资源延伸至文旅与体育领域;D企业构建“旅带农”模式,实现经济、社会与生态协同发展。
第一,文旅企业组织韧性的内涵及形成过程。文旅企业组织韧性是企业在“危机前-危机中-危机后”的应对过程中,通过采取适配的资源编排方式所形成的与其相匹配的抵御能力、适应能力和革新能力。危机前的抵御能力主要得益于资源积累和资源识别;危机中的适应能力主要得益于资源延展和资源剥离;危机后的革新能力主要得益于资源规划和资源开拓。
第二,文旅企业组织韧性对价值创造的影响效果及影响路径。从影响效果看,文旅企业组织韧性对价值创造的影响效果体现在经济价值、社会价值和环境价值三个维度,且对经济价值、社会价值和环境价值均具有正向影响。从影响路径看,文旅企业组织韧性主要通过“资源协同-资源链接-资源丰富”三条资源行动路径正向影响价值创造。
第三,文旅企业组织韧性存在形成过程与效用发挥过程方面的差异。通过案例间对比,文旅企业组织韧性的形成过程及效用发挥过程因企业产权性质不同而存在差异。具体而言,从形成过程看,相比于民营企业,国有企业在危机中会采取资源剥离的资源编排方式,在危机后会采取资源开拓的资源编排方式。从效用发挥过程看,在资源协同路径上,国有企业会获得来自政府的支持;在资源链接路径上,民营企业会制定适宜发展战略;在资源丰富路径上,国有企业还会注重产业链融合。
首先,注重塑造组织韧性,实现经济价值、社会价值和环境价值等多维度价值的整合式创造。危机前的日常经营中,文旅企业应注重多元化资源积累,如财务资源、技术资源、品牌资源等,而且要建立有效的资源识别机制,及时识别并评估内外部资源的可获得性,以在危机来临时有更多的缓冲空间和应对手段。遭遇危机时,文旅企业应迅速调整资源配置,通过创新业务模式、拓展市场渠道、加强线上服务等手段,实现资源的有效延展。对于不再符合企业战略或无法带来有效收益的资源,应果断进行剥离,以减少不必要的损失,集中资源适应变化的环境。跨越危机后,文旅企业要进行复盘,总结经验教训,重新规划资源布局,并要积极开拓新资源,如通过产品创新和市场拓展等方式,以助力其实现逆势成长。
其次,及时调整资源行动路径,确保企业持续创造价值。文旅企业应积极寻求与外部资源的整合,如政府支持、数字技术引入等,结合企业自身发展需求,制定有效资源协同策略。此外,企业还应关注内部资源的重新排列与连接,根据市场变化和企业战略调整内部资源配置,以形成更加高效、灵活的资源架构。企业还应积极与供应商、合作伙伴、科研机构、大学等建立战略联盟,共同开展项目合作、技术研发和市场拓展等活动,通过丰富资源渠道,为企业价值创造提供更为坚实的保障。
最后,需要认识到不同产权性质的文旅企业在应对危机和创造价值时,采取差异化的资源编排方式和资源行动路径。在资源编排方式上,相较于民营企业,国有企业在危机中应快速调整资源结构,减少不必要的负担,并在危机后积极寻找新的增长点和创新机会,助力企业适应危机变化和从中实现反超。在资源行动路径上,国有企业应加强与政府的沟通与合作,充分利用政策红利,推动企业经济效益提升,并要注重提升企业自身实力,以更好回应政府的期望和满足社会需求。同时,要加强与产业链上下游企业的合作与协同,推动产业链的整合和优化。民营企业要具备敏锐的市场洞察力和战略眼光,以准确判断市场趋势和竞争态势,制定符合自身实际情况的发展战略。
  • 国家社会科学基金青年项目(25CGL010)
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2026年第44卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2025-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-15
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04
  • 修回日期:2025-12-02
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国家社会科学基金青年项目(25CGL010)
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    1 河北工业大学经济管理学院, 天津 300131
    2 河北工业大学京津冀发展研究中心, 天津 300131
    3 河北经贸大学工商管理学院, 河北石家庄 050061
    4 河北经贸大学公司治理与企业成长研究中心, 河北石家庄 050061

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李妍(1994-),女,讲师,博士。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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