Article(id=1317436152886444874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747497600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-18, revisedDate=1750780800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792030855627, onlineDateStr=2026-10-15, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792030855627, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792030855627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792030855627, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317436114500170416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='9', pageStart='1793', pageEnd='2016', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792030846476, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792031015367, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317436822926504829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317436822926504830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1899, endPage=1910, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317436153112937291, articleId=1317436152886444874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=The impact of data asset disclosure on digital technological innovation, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Against the backdrop of advancing high-level technological self-reliance, data asset disclosure has become a critical lever for firms to build competitive advantages in digital technological innovation. Based on panel data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies during 2012-2023, this study employs a fixed-effects panel regression model to empirically examine the impact of data asset disclosure on corporate digital innovation.The findings reveal that data asset disclosure significantly promotes both the quantity and quality of digital innovation. Heterogeneity analyses show that the disclosure effect on innovation quality is more pronounced among manufacturing firms, while non-manufacturing firms primarily benefit in terms of innovation quantity. The impact of disclosing self-use data assets is stronger than that of transactional data assets. Furthermore, technology-intensive firms experience greater improvement in innovation quality.Mediation and moderation analyses indicate that enhanced positioning in technology trading networks serves as a key mediating mechanism. Moreover, intellectual property (IP) protection positively moderates the relationship between data asset disclosure and innovation quantity, but has no significant effect on innovation quality. This study offers practical guidance for enterprises seeking technological upgrading through data asset strategies and provides policy implications for improving data disclosure regulations.

, authors=Xue-qi ZHAO1, Xiao-zhe SUN2, Ji-zhen LI1, authorsList=Xue-qi ZHAO, Xiao-zhe SUN, Ji-zhen LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-zhe SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317436153746277198, articleId=1317436152886444874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=数据资产信息披露对数字技术创新的影响研究, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在加快实现高水平科技自立自强的背景下,数据资产信息披露已成为企业构筑数字技术创新竞争优势的关键。本研究基于2012-2023年沪深A股上市企业数据,采用固定效应面板模型,实证检验数据资产信息披露对企业数字技术创新的作用影响。研究发现,数据资产信息披露推动促进企业数字技术创新的“量质双提升”。异质性分析表明,数据资产信息披露对制造企业创新质量的提升更为明显,非制造业企业则集中于创新数量的突破;自用型数据资产的信息披露效应相较于交易型数据资产更为显著;技术密集型企业创新质量的提升效应更为突出。中介效应和调节效应检验结果表明,企业技术交易网络地位提升是其中重要的中介途径;知识产权保护强化了数据资产信息披露对创新数量的促进作用,但对创新质量的调节效应不显著。本文研究为企业通过数据资产战略实现技术跃迁指明实施路径,为政府完善数据资产信息披露制度设计提供政策依据。

, authors=赵雪琦1, 孙小哲2, 李纪珍1, authorsList=赵雪琦, 孙小哲, 李纪珍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙小哲, authorNote=

赵雪琦(1997-),女,博士后。

李纪珍(1974-),男,教授,博士。

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙小哲(1995-),男,助理研究员,博士,E-mail:。
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赵雪琦(1997-),女,博士后。

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赵雪琦(1997-),女,博士后。

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李纪珍(1974-),男,教授,博士。

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李纪珍(1974-),男,教授,博士。

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Digital innovation, strategic flexibility and enterprise intelligent transformation: Based on the moderating effect of environmental complexity[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2023, 41(3):521-533., articleTitle=Digital innovation, strategic flexibility and enterprise intelligent transformation: Based on the moderating effect of environmental complexity, refAbstract=With the rapid development of China's digital economy, digital technology has become a new engine that promotes the transformation and upgrading of enterprises and achieves high-quality industrial development. In recent years, with the development of the digital age, research on corporate digital innovation has received extensive attention from academia from the theoretical and practical levels. Although existing studies have discussed the relationship between digital innovation and enterprise intelligent transformation, they only stay at the level of theoretical analysis. Empirical research systematically exploring the influence path and important role between digital innovation and enterprise intelligent transformation is relatively scarce. Moreover, existing research has not incorporated strategic flexibility factors and environmental complexity factors into the analysis framework of the relationship between digital innovation and corporate intelligent transformation. Given the gaps in existing research and the phenomenon of digital innovation, we are going to investigate the relationship between digital innovation and enterprise intelligent transformation based on the triple perspectives of information resource acquisition, organizational management changes, and flexible production methods. On this basis, we introduce strategic flexibility variables, explore the influence mechanisms of resource flexibility and coordination flexibility on the intelligent transformation of enterprises, and provide a reference for intelligent transformation and upgrading. Secondly, we examine the moderating role of environmental complexity and enrich theoretical research on digital innovation and digital management reform. Based on datasets of China's new energy vehicle enterprises from 2011 to 2019, this study adopts machine learning method to verify our hypothesis. The empirical results show that: First, digital innovation has a positive and significant promotion effect on the intelligent transformation of enterprises, and the results are robust after using the two-stage model estimation of instrumental variables, substitution of core variables, consideration of missing variables, and reduction of corporate samples. Second, strategic flexibility has an intermediary effect between digital innovation and enterprise intelligent transformation. Specifically, digital innovation can not only strengthen resource flexibility, integrate and restructure existing resources and external resources, but also promote coordination flexibility and rational use and allocation of innovative resources to assist enterprise intelligent transformation and upgrading. Finally, environmental complexity not only positively regulates the role of digital innovation in promoting resource flexibility and coordination flexibility, but also promotes the positive effect of digital innovation on the intelligent transformation of enterprises. For practical implications, we suggest that enterprises need to accelerate the development of digital innovation models, give play to the comparative advantages of the new generation of digital technology, and achieve the goals of maximizing the value of intelligent transformation. In addition, the in-depth promotion of industrial digitization and digital industrialization requires not only to strengthen resource integration and data open sharing within the industry, but also to enhance the wide-area application and deep integration of cross-industry digitization. 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Research Policy, 2019,48., articleTitle=Does learning from prior collaboration help firms to overcome the 'two-worlds' paradox in university-business collaboration?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436164324311975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=649, pageEnd=659, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=张振刚, 叶宝升, 户安涛, journalName=科学学研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张振刚, 叶宝升, 户安涛, 等. 制造企业如何整合数据资源赋能产品创新绩效?——组织间计算型与关系型信任的作用[J]. 科学学研究, 2024, 42(3): 649-659., articleTitle=制造企业如何整合数据资源赋能产品创新绩效?——组织间计算型与关系型信任的作用, refAbstract=现有研究强调了数据资源要素的重要作用,但缺乏探讨如何整合数据资源以赋能产品创新绩效。遵循“条件-行为-结果”的分析思路,研究基于信任视角,探究组织间计算型(理性)与关系型(感性)信任如何通过稳定调整型、开拓创造型两种数据资源整合方式赋能产品创新绩效。利用华南地区两时点调查的222家制造业企业问卷数据,研究采用PLS-SEM工具进行实证检验,得出以下结论:(1)计算型信任分别能够通过稳定调整型、开拓创造型两种数据资源整合方式赋能产品创新绩效;(2)关系型信任通过稳定调整型、开拓创造型两种数据资源整合方式与产品创新绩效存在非线性中介作用关系,即适度的关系型信任能够分别通过两种数据资源整合方式提升产品创新绩效,但是过高的关系型信任则无法通过两种数据资源整合方式提升产品创新绩效;(3)稳定调整(“拿来主义”)与开拓创造(“二次创新”)两种数据资源整合方式对于产品创新绩效的影响存在交互效应,当企业通过计算型、关系型信任同时提高两种数据资源时,能够更好地赋能产品创新绩效。研究回应了制造业企业如何进行数据资源整合发挥数据要素价值的重要问题,能够为充分发挥数据作用赋能企业高质量发展提供重要启示。), Reference(id=1317436164404003752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=649, pageEnd=659, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhang Z G, Ye B S, Hu A T, journalName=Studies in Science of Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Z G, Ye B S, Hu A T, et al. 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Further analysis reveals that companies’ capacity for innovation was significantly bolstered by technology transfer in areas with a higher technology contract transaction volume, more technology exchange and trading activities and higher marketisation levels. Technology transfer also promoted innovation in companies with basic R&D capabilities. The cornerstone of achieving high-quality innovation is the possession of these core capabilities, which can easily go very far. This paper contributes to enriching the existing literature on technology markets and scientific and technological innovation, providing policy implications on the issue of promoting corporate innovation through the technology transfer mechanism.), Reference(id=1317436166215943083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=8, pageStart=33, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=陈荣达, 林祺, 金骋路, journalName=财贸经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈荣达, 林祺, 金骋路, 等. 数据资产估值定价与新质生产力发展:演进逻辑与主要挑战[J]. 财贸经济, 2024, 45(8): 33-51., articleTitle=数据资产估值定价与新质生产力发展:演进逻辑与主要挑战, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436166283051948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=8, pageStart=33, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Chen R D, Lin Q, Jin C L, journalName=Finance & Trade Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen R D, Lin Q, Jin C L, et al. 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Journal of Corporate Finance, 2018, 51:20-49., articleTitle=Foreign institutional ownership and liquidity commonality around the world, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436167054803895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=12, pageStart=143, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=52, authorNames=沈国兵, 黄铄珺, journalName=财贸经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈国兵, 黄铄珺. 城市层面知识产权保护对中国企业引进外资的影响[J]. 财贸经济, 2019, 40(12): 143-157., articleTitle=城市层面知识产权保护对中国企业引进外资的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436167113524152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=12, pageStart=143, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Shen G B, Huang S J, journalName=Finance & Trade Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen G B, Huang S J. The impact of city-level intellectual property protection on foreign capital entry into chinese enterprises[J]. Finance & Trade Economics, 2019, 40(12):143-157., articleTitle=The impact of city-level intellectual property protection on foreign capital entry into chinese enterprises, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1317436159396004738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, awardId=23ZDA061, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA061), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1317436154006324047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436154010518352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, companyId=1317436154006324047, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436154023101265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, companyId=1317436154006324047, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 清华大学经济管理学院, 北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1317436154081821522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436154090210131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, companyId=1317436154081821522, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Institute of Economic, Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, Guangzhou 510635, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317436154098598740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, companyId=1317436154081821522, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 广东省社会科学院经济研究所, 广东广州 510635)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1317436157420487532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Logic mechanism framework of data asset information disclosure on digital technology innovation, figureFileSmall=7F+BgIJyjt9CtJc4ePqUeg==, figureFileBig=W8Nwyz4LG+d4hq7S3+yQmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436157487596397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=图1, caption=数据资产信息披露对数字技术创新的逻辑机制框架, figureFileSmall=7F+BgIJyjt9CtJc4ePqUeg==, figureFileBig=W8Nwyz4LG+d4hq7S3+yQmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317436157697311598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Description and measurement methods of main variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别 变量名称 计算方法
被解释变量 数字技术创新数量(Innovation1) 数字发明专利申请数量加1取对数
数字技术创新质量(Innovation2) 数字发明专利授权数量加1取对数
核心解释变量 企业数据资产信息披露(DA) 年报关于数据资产披露的词频统计加1取对数
控制变量 企业年龄(Age) Ln(当年年份-上市年份+1)
企业规模(Size) Ln(营业收入)
总资产净利润率(Roa) 净利润/平均总资产*100%
现金比率(CR) 现金及现金等价物期末余额/流动负债
资产负债率(Debt) 负债总额/资产总额*100%
两职合一(Dual) 董事长和CEO是否为同一人
第一大股东持股比例(Top1) 第一大股东持股占比
审计意见(Audit) 标准无保留意见1,否则为0
), ArticleFig(id=1317436157764420463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要变量描述与计算方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别 变量名称 计算方法
被解释变量 数字技术创新数量(Innovation1) 数字发明专利申请数量加1取对数
数字技术创新质量(Innovation2) 数字发明专利授权数量加1取对数
核心解释变量 企业数据资产信息披露(DA) 年报关于数据资产披露的词频统计加1取对数
控制变量 企业年龄(Age) Ln(当年年份-上市年份+1)
企业规模(Size) Ln(营业收入)
总资产净利润率(Roa) 净利润/平均总资产*100%
现金比率(CR) 现金及现金等价物期末余额/流动负债
资产负债率(Debt) 负债总额/资产总额*100%
两职合一(Dual) 董事长和CEO是否为同一人
第一大股东持股比例(Top1) 第一大股东持股占比
审计意见(Audit) 标准无保留意见1,否则为0
), ArticleFig(id=1317436157844112240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistics of variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 N mean p50 min max sd
Innovation1 24000 1.299 1.099 0 5.635 1.315
Innovation2 24000 0.814 0.693 0 4.787 1.089
DA 24000 3.390 3.296 1.792 5.855 0.754
Age 24000 1.831 1.946 0 3.526 0.918
Size 23000 21.49 21.27 11.60 28.83 1.552
Roa 24000 0.0354 0.0390 -5.259 22.01 0.178
CR 23000 1.072 0.434 0 148.0 2.691
Debt 24000 0.425 0.406 0.00800 61.34 0.670
Dual 23000 0.324 0 0 1 0.468
Top1 24000 33.80 31.26 0.290 89.99 15.17
Audit 24000 0.911 1 0 1 0.284
), ArticleFig(id=1317436157932192625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 N mean p50 min max sd
Innovation1 24000 1.299 1.099 0 5.635 1.315
Innovation2 24000 0.814 0.693 0 4.787 1.089
DA 24000 3.390 3.296 1.792 5.855 0.754
Age 24000 1.831 1.946 0 3.526 0.918
Size 23000 21.49 21.27 11.60 28.83 1.552
Roa 24000 0.0354 0.0390 -5.259 22.01 0.178
CR 23000 1.072 0.434 0 148.0 2.691
Debt 24000 0.425 0.406 0.00800 61.34 0.670
Dual 23000 0.324 0 0 1 0.468
Top1 24000 33.80 31.26 0.290 89.99 15.17
Audit 24000 0.911 1 0 1 0.284
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158037050226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Baseline regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
Innovation1 Innovation2 Innovation1 Innovation2
DA 0.0691** 0.0911*** 0.0606** 0.0800***
(2.3205) (3.4673) (2.0693) (3.0331)
Age -0.0462 0.0040
(-1.5164) (0.1563)
Size 0.1549*** 0.0729***
(6.2789) (3.8159)
Roa 0.1425 -0.2526***
(1.2461) (-3.6501)
CR -0.0011 -0.0101***
(-0.4003) (-2.6011)
Debt -0.1269* -0.0439
(-1.7042) (-0.8964)
Dual 0.0139 0.0086
(0.5170) (0.3560)
Top1 0.0033* 0.0020
(1.7562) (1.3023)
Audit 0.0846*** -0.0182
(2.7454) (-0.6410)
Constant 1.1186*** 0.5673*** -2.2445*** -0.9871**
(10.9628) (6.2984) (-4.1678) (-2.3775)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES
N 18,680 18,680 18,680 18,680
R2 0.7093 0.7157 0.7127 0.7168
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158133519219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
Innovation1 Innovation2 Innovation1 Innovation2
DA 0.0691** 0.0911*** 0.0606** 0.0800***
(2.3205) (3.4673) (2.0693) (3.0331)
Age -0.0462 0.0040
(-1.5164) (0.1563)
Size 0.1549*** 0.0729***
(6.2789) (3.8159)
Roa 0.1425 -0.2526***
(1.2461) (-3.6501)
CR -0.0011 -0.0101***
(-0.4003) (-2.6011)
Debt -0.1269* -0.0439
(-1.7042) (-0.8964)
Dual 0.0139 0.0086
(0.5170) (0.3560)
Top1 0.0033* 0.0020
(1.7562) (1.3023)
Audit 0.0846*** -0.0182
(2.7454) (-0.6410)
Constant 1.1186*** 0.5673*** -2.2445*** -0.9871**
(10.9628) (6.2984) (-4.1678) (-2.3775)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES
N 18,680 18,680 18,680 18,680
R2 0.7093 0.7157 0.7127 0.7168
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158196433780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variable replacement and sample alteration regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)
Innovation1
(2)
Innovation2
(3)
Innovation1
(4)
Innovation2
(5)
Innovation1
(6)
Innovation2
DA 0.0204* 0.0271** 0.0552* 0.0680** 0.0552* 0.1012***
(1.9212) (2.4621) (1.7016) (2.2815) (1.6763) (3.5465)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES YES YES
Constant -0.1156 0.4052** -2.5232*** -1.1408** -2.3743*** -0.7067*
(-0.7165) (2.4255) (-4.4340) (-2.4715) (-4.1907) (-1.6862)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES YES YES
N 18,680 18,680 15,025 15,025 14,810 14,810
R2 0.3217 0.3931 0.7187 0.7068 0.7409 0.7525
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158259348341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

替换变量与更换样本回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)
Innovation1
(2)
Innovation2
(3)
Innovation1
(4)
Innovation2
(5)
Innovation1
(6)
Innovation2
DA 0.0204* 0.0271** 0.0552* 0.0680** 0.0552* 0.1012***
(1.9212) (2.4621) (1.7016) (2.2815) (1.6763) (3.5465)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES YES YES
Constant -0.1156 0.4052** -2.5232*** -1.1408** -2.3743*** -0.7067*
(-0.7165) (2.4255) (-4.4340) (-2.4715) (-4.1907) (-1.6862)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES YES YES
N 18,680 18,680 15,025 15,025 14,810 14,810
R2 0.3217 0.3931 0.7187 0.7068 0.7409 0.7525
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158343234422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Instrumental variable regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3)
DA Innovation 1 Innovation 2
DA 0.5484*** 0.4594***
(3.5836) (3.6017)
IV 0.2407***
(7.1818)
控制变量 YES YES YES
FirmFE YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES
N 17,949 17,949 17,949
K.P. LM statistic 342.720 342.720
C.D. Wald F statistic 290.741 290.741
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158427120503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

工具变量回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3)
DA Innovation 1 Innovation 2
DA 0.5484*** 0.4594***
(3.5836) (3.6017)
IV 0.2407***
(7.1818)
控制变量 YES YES YES
FirmFE YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES
N 17,949 17,949 17,949
K.P. LM statistic 342.720 342.720
C.D. Wald F statistic 290.741 290.741
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158511006584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Heterogeneity test results by disclosure industry type

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)Innovation1 (2)Innovation2 (3)Innovation1 (4)Innovation2
制造业 制造业 非制造业 非制造业
DA 0.0371 0.0790*** 0.1412** 0.0765
(1.1507) (2.6204) (2.2569) (1.4213)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES
Constant -2.6791*** -1.3909*** -3.7443*** -1.3437*
(-4.0307) (-2.7017) (-3.7554) (-1.8345)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES
N 14,348 14,348 4,246 4,246
R2 0.7223 0.7189 0.6986 0.7226
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158599086969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

披露行业的异质性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)Innovation1 (2)Innovation2 (3)Innovation1 (4)Innovation2
制造业 制造业 非制造业 非制造业
DA 0.0371 0.0790*** 0.1412** 0.0765
(1.1507) (2.6204) (2.2569) (1.4213)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES
Constant -2.6791*** -1.3909*** -3.7443*** -1.3437*
(-4.0307) (-2.7017) (-3.7554) (-1.8345)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES
N 14,348 14,348 4,246 4,246
R2 0.7223 0.7189 0.6986 0.7226
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158670390138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Heterogeneity test results by disclosure approach

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)Innovation1 (2)Innovation2 (3)Innovation1 (4)Innovation2
自用型 自用型 交易型 交易型
DA 0.0666** 0.0887*** 0.0159 0.0197
(2.2442) (3.3251) (0.9312) (1.3179)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES
Constant -2.2601*** -1.0097** -2.0883*** -0.7814*
(-4.1878) (-2.4301) (-3.9337) (-1.9141)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES
N 18,680 18,680 18,680 18,680
R2 0.7127 0.7169 0.7126 0.7164
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158750081915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

数据披露的异质性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)Innovation1 (2)Innovation2 (3)Innovation1 (4)Innovation2
自用型 自用型 交易型 交易型
DA 0.0666** 0.0887*** 0.0159 0.0197
(2.2442) (3.3251) (0.9312) (1.3179)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES
Constant -2.2601*** -1.0097** -2.0883*** -0.7814*
(-4.1878) (-2.4301) (-3.9337) (-1.9141)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES
N 18,680 18,680 18,680 18,680
R2 0.7127 0.7169 0.7126 0.7164
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158825579388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Heterogeneity test results by factor intensity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)Innovation1 (2)Innovation2 (3)Innovation1 (4)Innovation2
技术密集型 技术密集型 非技术密集型 非技术密集型
DA 0.0599 0.0991*** 0.0441 0.0593
(1.5669) (2.8775) (0.7502) (1.2142)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES
Constant -3.1415*** -1.2550** -1.3530 -1.5679
(-4.4026) (-2.3380) (-1.2327) (-1.6300)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES
N 12,577 12,577 3,329 3,329
R2 0.7212 0.7190 0.6638 0.6746
), ArticleFig(id=1317436158909465469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

要素密集的异质性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)Innovation1 (2)Innovation2 (3)Innovation1 (4)Innovation2
技术密集型 技术密集型 非技术密集型 非技术密集型
DA 0.0599 0.0991*** 0.0441 0.0593
(1.5669) (2.8775) (0.7502) (1.2142)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES
Constant -3.1415*** -1.2550** -1.3530 -1.5679
(-4.4026) (-2.3380) (-1.2327) (-1.6300)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES
N 12,577 12,577 3,329 3,329
R2 0.7212 0.7190 0.6638 0.6746
), ArticleFig(id=1317436159005934462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Mediating effect test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
DC Innovation1 Innovation1 Innovation2 Innovation2
DA 0.0521***
(3.0827)
DC 0.0286** 0.0201*
(2.0329) (1.7316)
$\overline{DC}$ 1.1648** 1.5372***
(2.0693) (3.0331)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES YES
Constant -1.5779*** -2.0530*** -0.4067 -0.7598* 1.4384*
(-5.8064) (-3.8763) (-0.4251) (-1.8616) (1.7327)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES YES
N 18,680 18,680 18,680 18,680 18,680
R2 0.3934 0.7126 0.7127 0.7165 0.7168
), ArticleFig(id=1317436159094014847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

中介效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
DC Innovation1 Innovation1 Innovation2 Innovation2
DA 0.0521***
(3.0827)
DC 0.0286** 0.0201*
(2.0329) (1.7316)
$\overline{DC}$ 1.1648** 1.5372***
(2.0693) (3.0331)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES YES
Constant -1.5779*** -2.0530*** -0.4067 -0.7598* 1.4384*
(-5.8064) (-3.8763) (-0.4251) (-1.8616) (1.7327)
FirmFE YES YES YES YES YES
YearFE YES YES YES YES YES
N 18,680 18,680 18,680 18,680 18,680
R2 0.3934 0.7126 0.7127 0.7165 0.7168
), ArticleFig(id=1317436159169512320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Moderating effect test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)
Innovation1
(2)
Innovation2
DA 0.0335 0.0815***
(1.0329) (2.9164)
IPP*DA 0.0209** -0.0012
(2.1715) (-0.1188)
IPP -0.0725** 0.0018
(-2.2897) (0.0564)
控制变量 YES YES
Constant -2.1346*** -0.9892**
(-3.9525) (-2.3816)
FirmFE YES YES
YearFE YES YES
N 18,680 18,680
R2 0.7128 0.7167
), ArticleFig(id=1317436159240815489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436152886444874, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

调节效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1)
Innovation1
(2)
Innovation2
DA 0.0335 0.0815***
(1.0329) (2.9164)
IPP*DA 0.0209** -0.0012
(2.1715) (-0.1188)
IPP -0.0725** 0.0018
(-2.2897) (0.0564)
控制变量 YES YES
Constant -2.1346*** -0.9892**
(-3.9525) (-2.3816)
FirmFE YES YES
YearFE YES YES
N 18,680 18,680
R2 0.7128 0.7167
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数据资产信息披露对数字技术创新的影响研究
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赵雪琦 1 , 孙小哲 2 , 李纪珍 1
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(9): 1899-1910
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (9) : 1899 -1910
数据资产信息披露对数字技术创新的影响研究
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赵雪琦1, 孙小哲2 , 李纪珍1
作者信息
  • 1 清华大学经济管理学院, 北京 100084
  • 2 广东省社会科学院经济研究所, 广东广州 510635
通讯作者:
孙小哲(1995-),男,助理研究员,博士,E-mail:。
作者简介:

赵雪琦(1997-),女,博士后。

李纪珍(1974-),男,教授,博士。

The impact of data asset disclosure on digital technological innovation
Xue-qi ZHAO1, Xiao-zhe SUN2 , Ji-zhen LI1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 2 Institute of Economic, Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, Guangzhou 510635, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15
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在加快实现高水平科技自立自强的背景下,数据资产信息披露已成为企业构筑数字技术创新竞争优势的关键。本研究基于2012-2023年沪深A股上市企业数据,采用固定效应面板模型,实证检验数据资产信息披露对企业数字技术创新的作用影响。研究发现,数据资产信息披露推动促进企业数字技术创新的“量质双提升”。异质性分析表明,数据资产信息披露对制造企业创新质量的提升更为明显,非制造业企业则集中于创新数量的突破;自用型数据资产的信息披露效应相较于交易型数据资产更为显著;技术密集型企业创新质量的提升效应更为突出。中介效应和调节效应检验结果表明,企业技术交易网络地位提升是其中重要的中介途径;知识产权保护强化了数据资产信息披露对创新数量的促进作用,但对创新质量的调节效应不显著。本文研究为企业通过数据资产战略实现技术跃迁指明实施路径,为政府完善数据资产信息披露制度设计提供政策依据。

数据资产信息披露  /  数字技术创新  /  技术交易网络地位  /  知识产权保护

Against the backdrop of advancing high-level technological self-reliance, data asset disclosure has become a critical lever for firms to build competitive advantages in digital technological innovation. Based on panel data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies during 2012-2023, this study employs a fixed-effects panel regression model to empirically examine the impact of data asset disclosure on corporate digital innovation.The findings reveal that data asset disclosure significantly promotes both the quantity and quality of digital innovation. Heterogeneity analyses show that the disclosure effect on innovation quality is more pronounced among manufacturing firms, while non-manufacturing firms primarily benefit in terms of innovation quantity. The impact of disclosing self-use data assets is stronger than that of transactional data assets. Furthermore, technology-intensive firms experience greater improvement in innovation quality.Mediation and moderation analyses indicate that enhanced positioning in technology trading networks serves as a key mediating mechanism. Moreover, intellectual property (IP) protection positively moderates the relationship between data asset disclosure and innovation quantity, but has no significant effect on innovation quality. This study offers practical guidance for enterprises seeking technological upgrading through data asset strategies and provides policy implications for improving data disclosure regulations.

data asset disclosure  /  digital technological innovation  /  technological transaction network  /  intellectual property protection
赵雪琦, 孙小哲, 李纪珍. 数据资产信息披露对数字技术创新的影响研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (9) : 1899 -1910 .
Xue-qi ZHAO, Xiao-zhe SUN, Ji-zhen LI. The impact of data asset disclosure on digital technological innovation[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (9) : 1899 -1910 .
习近平总书记强调,“加快实现高水平科技自立自强,是推动高质量发展的必由之路”。近年来,数字技术创新因其技术密集性高、融合性强、辐射应用范围广、发展潜力巨大的独特优势,易形成“弯道超车”和“滚雪球”效应,对于企业提升核心竞争力、迈向价值链中高端极为关键,已成为科技创新的“领航先锋”[1]。然而,目前数字技术创新面临双重困境:一方面,数字技术创新因技术专业性和高门槛特征所带来的信息不对称问题[2],导致部分企业对数字技术创新意愿不强。另一方面,数字创新研发进程中高投入、高风险更加明显,更加强调外部融资、知识溢出与合作研发的重要性,部分企业往往缺少外部融资和技术支持而对数字技术创新“望而却步”“踌躇不前”[3]。因此,如何破解企业在数字技术创新“不愿意”“不能够”的双重困境,成为社会各界关注的重点话题。
信息披露是缓解创新活动信息不对称的主要途径。相比于财务、环境、ESG等信息披露,数字经济时代下数据资产信息披露日益重要。对企业来说,数据资产同时兼具生产属性和金融属性,有利于企业发挥降本提质、交易增值和融资担保等价值创造驱动作用[5],是企业不可或缺的战略性资源。同时,对外部利益相关者来说,为深入洞悉企业创新战略并寻觅最佳合作投资对象,愈发关注企业披露的数据资产等与创新相关的非结构性特质信息。当前,释放数据要素潜能、挖掘数据资产价值已上升到国家战略高度[4],实践中越来越多的中国企业重视并主动披露数据资产信息,不仅有效缓解了创新信息不对称问题,同时也向外界传递了数据资产的优势信号和发展方向,帮助企业获得更多的“创新溢价”[6],这为促进企业数字技术创新能力提供了全新视角和路径方向。
在此背景下,本文使用2012-2023年沪深A股上市企业的数据,采用固定效应面板模型,实证分析数据资产信息披露对数字技术创新水平的促进作用,探讨行业类型、披露信息类型和要素密集类型的异质性差异影响,并具体剖析技术交易地位的中介作用,以及知识产权保护所产生的调节效应。可能的边际贡献包括:(1)目前关于数据资产信息披露的文献仍较少,仅探讨了对企业价值[7]、降低中小企业融资约束[8]等方面的影响。本文以数字技术创新为切入点,拓展并补充了数据资产信息披露的创新行为后果研究。(2)现有研究对于数据资产信息披露与数字技术创新的因果联系尚无成熟机制,本文从缓解信息不对称和传递积极信号的中介作用进行分析,构建起“数据资产信息披露——技术交易网络地位提升——数字技术创新”的“联系桥梁”。(3)本文讨论政府知识产权保护的调节影响,强化“有效市场+有为政府”的共同作用框架,为完善数据要素披露政策提供更加具体的政策靶向。
首先,数据资产信息披露通过有效缓解信息不对称,解决了企业数字技术创新的“信息匮乏”问题。数据资产作为数字技术创新的核心生产要素,因其流动性高、非标准化和价值模糊性等特性,易产生信息不对称问题[9]。尤其是企业内部分散化、非结构化的数据资源往往难以被外部利益相关者准确观测,且数据资产估值高度依赖于其场景化应用,这导致数字技术创新面临逆向选择和道德风险问题[10]。企业披露数据资产相关信息则是缓解信息不对称的关键[11]。由于企业提供了关于数据资产来源、规模质量、应用场景等与数字技术创新相关的特质私有信息,对弥合创新主体间的信息鸿沟具有积极作用,降低了信息搜寻成本、处理成本以及风险不确定性感知,并提高了信息传递的效率[12]。数据增量信息提供也带来了信息“效率效应”,有利于提高相关主体的决策效率,并促进了企业数字技术创新水平的提升。
其次,数据资产信息披露通过传递声誉信号,发挥了企业技术创新过程中“信任基石”作用。企业敢于对外主动披露自身高质量、稀缺性的私人信息[13],这一行为彰显了企业在开发和配置利用核心资产方面的能力,并向市场传递了积极指向信号,表明企业在数据技术创新领域具备强大实力、竞争优势以及合作利好,形成了基于实力和可信度的“数据声誉资本”[14]。外部利益相关者则能够根据信息更精准判断和预测与企业创新合作的潜在价值。这一方面增强了利益相关者理解、支持和协作信任,企业则更容易吸引利益相关者的认可与支持,更加便利了企业间联动开展知识技术交换合作、创新分工协作[15];另一方面企业则通过“数据声誉资本”强化了企业数字技术创新的市场竞争优势地位,塑造企业数字技术“领跑者”的合法性,更好实现数字技术创新内外部资源获取与优化整合,推动了企业在数字技术创新领域的变革,实现从数据资产价值发现到数字技术创新驱动的转变[16]。
据此,提出假说H1:
H1:数据资产信息披露有利于推动数字技术创新。
专利许可或转让等技术交易是实现技术创新的主流模式之一。在技术交易过程中,众多节点企业与网络主体的多边互动形成了技术交易网络[17]。其中,企业的技术交易网络地位,即在技术交易网络中所处的结构性位置优势,直接决定了其获取前沿技术、整合创新资源的效率。这一地位主要依赖于中心性和结构洞控制力两个方面,中心性体现在企业连接节点的数量与广度上,而结构洞控制力则反映了企业对创新资源主导权和调配能力。
从信息不对称与声誉信号理论的双重理论出发,企业数据资产信息披露分别从横向扩展与纵向跃升两条路径重塑其技术交易网络中的地位。其一是信息透明化路径。数据资产信息披露打破了技术适配壁垒,增强合作方对技术转移许可过程的信任度,从而吸引各类企业主动寻求技术合作,进而驱动企业技术交易节点连接“量”的积累和网络的横向扩展[18]。其二是声誉信号强化路径。数据资产信息披露通过传递数据质量、技术可靠性、研发实力等重要信号,赢得了行业龙头与技术标准联盟的信任背书,使企业占据技术资源流动和创新分工的有利“结构洞”位置,推动企业在技术创新网络地位实现纵向跃升[19]。
企业技术交易网络地位的提升对数字技术创新的影响则体现在三个方面:一是扩大了创新战略的选择范围。网络中心性的提升增强了企业对数字技术边缘及潜在创新机会的搜寻、发现和把握能力[20],这有助于企业加强对自身创新关联和交叉点的匹配学习和内化开发,依据创新方向调整战略决策、高效整合数字技术创新资源要素,进而实现数字技术创新突破。二是强化了知识共享共创的能级。通过技术交易,企业实现了多元创新主体的及时交流与沟通,建立了跨界与跨层次的强连接关系,这为不同创新主体提供多样化合作接口,有利于促进创新知识、数据、信息的互动反馈和共享,以创新分工协作体系加速企业数字技术协同创新进程[21]。三是重构了技术标准主导权。企业处于技术交易网络重要的“结构洞”位置时,可实质性影响数字技术领域关键规则、标准的主导制定和整体技术方向的适配演进方向。“规则制定者红利”使企业既能主导数字技术基础架构开发和技术应用迭代,又能使其数字技术创新成果转化及产业化获得较高市场认可度和渗透优势,进而形成“标准控制—研发主导—市场转化—激励创新”的增强回路[22]。因此,当企业技术交易地位从技术参与者升级为联盟主导者时,战略选择拓展了创新方向,知识共创提供了叠加动力,结构洞地位确保了价值实现,三者共同推动企业数字技术创新模式从依赖内部个体线性研发转向依托网络赋能。
据此,提出假说H2:
H2:数据资产信息披露通过提升企业技术交易网络地位,进而推动了数字技术创新。
在纯粹市场机制的运行逻辑下,企业数据资产信息披露对促进数字技术创新具有积极作用。然而,由于信息公开存在正外部性,信息占有方往往缺乏足够的激励去主动披露相关信息,同时还担心数据信息披露后引发技术泄露、被模仿盗用、侵权纠纷等一系列风险,进而导致企业在创新信息披露存在披露不充分、价值性不足的问题。进一步看,数据资产权属划分不清、权益保护不足,是削弱企业数据资产信息披露意愿的主要原因[23]。因此,在“有效市场+有为政府”的框架下,政府可通过制度补位以“有形的手”调节市场主效应。
数据资产本身是企业重要的无形资产。知识产权保护是赋予创新成果私有产权性质的制度安排,数据资产信息披露驱动企业数字创新离不开对企业专利权益的有效保护。在强知识产权保护环境下,数据资产的权属得到法定确认并具备相应的制度保障,有效降低了信息披露带来的技术流失及不确定风险,增强了企业主动信息披露的收益预期激励。企业将更愿意主动披露高价值、关键性的数据资产信息,从而强化巩固其在技术交易中的主导地位和调配能力,进而强化信息披露所带来的数字技术创新效应。同时,在知识产权保护下的数据资产信息披露将进一步增强企业间的合作信任,激发企业间开展实质性创新研发合作的意愿,促进“站在巨人的肩膀上”的知识共创和“群体作战”创新[24],均有利于提升数字技术创新水平。
据以上分析,提出假说H3:
H3:知识产权保护在数据资产信息披露促进数字技术创新中起到正向调节作用。
采用个体与时间双向面板固定效应计量回归模型,实证评估企业数据资产信息披露对企业数字创新的影响,模型设定如下:
$Innovatio{n}_{it}={\beta }_{0}+{\beta }_{1}D{A}_{it}+\beta {Z}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\gamma }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
其中,模型(1)中下标i和t分别表示第i个企业和第t年,Innovationit为被解释变量即数字技术创新水平,DAit是核心解释变量即企业数据资产信息披露水平,Zit为控制变量组,μi代表个体固定效应,γt代表时间固定效应,εit为误差项。由模型(1)可知,β1是关注的核心解释参数,其度量了数据资产信息披露对企业数字创新的影响系数,若预期该效应促进了企业数字创新,则β1的系数应该显著为正。
(1)被解释变量
核心被解释变量为企业数字创新水平。由于众多文献研究在测度创新时均使用专利作为主要的测算方式衡量[25],故本文也采用此方法,利用数字专利产出指标衡量企业数字创新水平。同时,在衡量专利产出时,发明专利更能代表专利的竞争力和价值。因此,本文采用发明专利的申请量和授权量来分别衡量数字创新数量和质量两个维度。
(2)解释变量
解释变量为数据资产信息披露(DA)①(①数据资产测度方法及局限性、数据资产化变量构建过程、数据资产化词典以及2011-2021年专精特新“小巨人”企业数据资产化的发展趋势图参见《中国工业经济》网站(ciejournal.ajcass.com)附件)。目前,学界主流衡量方式是以年报中相关关键词作为统计来反映企业数据资产的披露情况,本文参考何瑛等[8]的研究,以数据资产相关法律法规文本作为语料库,并根据中国信息通信研究院发布的《数据资产管理实践白皮书(4.0)》(2019)中关于数据资产的定义,以“数据”“数字”和“信息”等作为种子关键词,采用Word2Vec进行词集扩充,最终在年报中识别相关关键词作为数据资产信息披露的衡量指标。同时,按照用途划分,将其分为自用型数据资产(ODA)和交易型数据资产(DDA)两个类别。
(3)控制变量
参考Sun等[26]的相关研究,选择如下控制变量:企业年龄(Age)、企业规模(Size)、总资产利润率(Roa)、现金比率(CR)、资产负债率(Debt)、两职合一(Dual)、第一大股东持股比例(Top1)和审计意见(NOD),上述指标控制了企业的规模、绩效、结构等影响企业数字创新的重要因素特征。具体的变量选择及计算方法见表1。
本文选取2012-2023年期间上市公司作为企业观测对象,数据主要来源于CSMAR、CNRDS和WIND等数据库。由于数据可得性和合理性,在选取公司时做出如下选择:(1)剔除了ST、SST、*ST和S*ST类公司;(2)剔除财务数据不连续的公司;(3)对所有连续变量进行上下1%的Winsorize处理,最终得到3215家公司作为样本观测值。表2为各个变量的描述性统计结果,后续回归采用Stata软件处理。
为验证假说H1,依据模型(1),在控制个体和时间效应下,检验企业数据资产信息披露对数字创新数量和质量的影响情况,结果报告如表3所示。在表3中,列(1)、(2)为不加控制变量的结果,列(3)、(4)为加入控制变量的结果。结果显示,在数字专利发明的申请量和获得量指标代表下,关注的核心解释变量回归系数均显著为正,表明企业数据资产信息披露对数字技术创新的数量和质量指标均产生了显著的提升作用,上述结果支持了理论假说H1。
(1)替换变量与更换样本
采用多种稳健性方法进行检验,见表4。首先,分别以发明专利的申请量与授权量的有无(0-1虚拟变量)衡量企业数字技术创新,采用相同回归方法分析,结果见列(1)、(2)。其次,考虑直辖市在经济与政策上的先发优势可能影响数据资产与创新表现,参考李健等[27]剔除直辖市样本后回归,结果见列(3)、(4)。最后,依据“十三五”规划中大数据战略的实施背景,选取2016年后样本重新估计,结果见列(5)、(6)。结果显示,无论采用何种稳健性检验,数据资产披露均显著正向影响企业数字技术创新,验证了结论的稳健性与可信度。
(2)内生性检验与工具变量回归
数字技术创新水平越高的企业往往对数据资产配置效率较高,也具有较强披露动机,上述情况会导致回归结果出现双向因果的问题,对本文研究结论产生干扰。为此,本文参考何瑛等[8]的研究,选取同行业同年度其他企业的数据资产均值作为工具变量,重新估计回归结果。选择该工具变量的原因在于:一方面,行业数据资产信息披露平均水平是企业进行信息披露的重要参照,满足相关性的要求;另一方面,企业的个体数字创新水平无法直接影响行业数据资产披露程度,因此满足外生性原则。表5为工具变量回归结果,结果显示,第一阶段工具变量与企业数据资产信息披露相关,第二阶段使用工具变量后两类测度方式下对数字创新均存在促进作用,且Cragg-Donald Wald F统计和Kleibergen-Papp LM统计拒绝了IV的弱工具和识别不足假设,说明基准回归结论稳健可信。
(1)披露行业类型
首先,研究考察了行业属性的异质影响。如表6所示,在非制造业样本中,数据资产信息披露对企业数字创新数量具有显著正向影响,而对创新质量的作用不显著;制造业企业则呈现相反的规律。研究结论反映了因行业特征差异而对“质”与“量”两种创新路径的适应性选择。制造业群体希望以数据资产信息披露引导技术攻关合作跨越“死亡之谷”,推动产品实用创新和工艺流程优化,实现实数深度融合发展,故深度导向型创新的价值取向导致数据资产信息披露对质量型创新作用更为明显;而非制造业群体数字技术创新更多聚焦于数据驱动的模块化创新和服务框架优化,因此通过数据资产披露可扩大技术合作范围和应用场景扩张,故广度导向型创新的价值取向导致数据资产信息披露对数量型创新作用更为明显。
(2)数据披露类型
根据数据资产用途,本研究进一步区分自用型与交易型数据资产信息披露对企业数字技术创新的影响。如表7所示,回归结果表明自用型数据资产信息披露对数字创新质量和数量均存在显著正向影响,而交易型数据资产的影响系数均不显著。究其原因:自用型数据多为企业内部的非结构化数据,具有较高的专属性和价值密度。企业主动披露此类数据,有利于打破数据信息壁垒,增强企业在创新合作中的主导权信号,从而有效推动企业数字技术创新;交易型数据则面临“数据悖论”困境,企业在披露过程中易诱发夸大或隐瞒的倾向。此外,交易型数据创新价值高度依赖于完善的数据交易市场。当前我国数据要素市场仍处于初期阶段,存在确权模糊、定价机制缺失等制度障碍,制约了交易型数据创新潜力的释放。
(3)要素密集类型
参考《2012证监会上市公司分行业指引》,本文按上市公司分行业指引代码对企业所属行业的要素进行分类,考察企业要素密集属性的异质性影响。表8为要素密集类型的回归结果,结果显示技术密集型企业数据资产信息披露显著提升了数字技术创新质量,但非技术密集型行业在双维度均未呈现显著效应。事实上,技术密集型企业通常具备完善的研发体系和技术储备,主动披露高质量数据资产,有助于吸引更多利益相关者开展研发合作,依托产业链数据枢纽构建创新共同体,并以“研发领导者”角色精准对接创新链需求,形成“数据披露-资源整合-专利产出”的正向循环。相比之下,非技术密集型企业的数据资产对技术创新的触发作用有限,在创新合作中多处于“跟随者”地位,难以有效突破数据价值转化的阈值。
参考许和连等[28]的研究,本文将企业所处技术交易网络的绝对中心性(DC)作为技术交易网络地位的衡量指标。中心性计算公式如下:
$D{C}_{i}=Ln({e}_{i}^{out}+{e}_{i}^{in})$
其中,式(3)中${e}_{i}^{out}$为出度中心性,${e}_{i}^{in}$是入度中心性,分别代表技术交易网络中节点i指向其他节点边数和以及其他节点接入节点i的边数和。本文采用绝对中心性加1取对数表示最终的企业所处技术交易网络地位。
参考Deng等[29]的研究,采用逐步法研究数据资产披露对企业数字创新的影响机制,模型设置如下:
$D{C}_{it}={\delta }_{0}+{\delta }_{1}D{A}_{it}+\delta {Z}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\gamma }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
$Innovatio{n}_{it}={\alpha }_{0}+{\alpha }_{1}D{C}_{it}+\alpha {Z}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\gamma }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
$Innovatio{n}_{it}={\eta }_{0}+{\eta }_{1}{\overline{DC}}_{it}+\eta {Z}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\gamma }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
其中,模型(3)-(5)中DCit为中介变量,即企业嵌入技术交易网络程度,${\overline{DC}}_{it}$为方程(4)中DC的拟合值,其余变量设置与模型(1)相同。
表9为中介效应检验结果。结果表明,数据资产信息披露通过提升企业在技术交易网络中的中心度,显著提升了数字技术创新数量和质量,验证了假说H2。因此,企业主动披露数据资产,有助于打破“信息孤岛”,增强与技术相关主体的联结,传递实力与声誉信号,从而提升其网络地位。技术交易网络地位的提升,不仅拓宽了企业数字技术创新的战略选择空间,还促进了创新共创与联盟效应的释放,强化了资源配置能力,并提升了创新成果向产业化转化的主导性,并由此实现数字技术创新能力的量与质双提升。
参考沈国兵和黄铄珺[30]的研究,本文引入区域知识产权保护水平作为调节变量,计算公式如下:
$IPP=\frac{co{n}_{i}}{GD{P}_{i}}/\frac{co{n}_{c}}{GD{P}_{c}}$
其中,式(3)中IPP为区域知识产权保护水平,coni和conc分别为地区和国内知识产权审判结案数,GDPi和GDPc分别为地区和国内生产总值。
同时,依据调节效应方法,建立如下调节效应模型进行研究:
${Y}_{it}={\theta }_{0}+{\theta }_{1}{X}_{it}+{\theta }_{2}IP{P}_{it}*{X}_{it}+{\theta }_{3}IP{P}_{it}+\theta {Z}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\gamma }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
其中,模型(7)中IPPit为调节变量即知识产权保护水平,其余变量设置与模型(1)相同。
表10为调节效应检验结果。从“知识产权保护×数据资产信息披露”交互项显示,知识产权保护对数字技术创新数量指标具有显著正向调节作用,但对质量指标影响不显著。该非对称性可解释为:知识产权保护通过法律确权,降低数据资产披露的泄露风险,增强了创新收益的可占有性,从而激励企业提升专利申请意愿。然而,相较于以专利申请衡量的数量型创新,质量型创新具有高沉没成本和长周期特征,其实现更依赖制度对技术独占性的强保障。当前我国知识产权体系在侵权举证、赔偿标准以及数据确权、算法专利认定等方面仍不完善,削弱了对高质量创新的激励效应。
在全球化与数字化浪潮的交织推动下,数字技术创新已成为推动企业高质量发展的核心引擎。数据资产作为数字技术创新的关键生产要素,其信息披露对于破解企业数字技术创新“不愿意”与“不能够”的双重困境具有重要意义。本文基于2012-2023年沪深A股上市企业的数据,采用固定效应面板模型,实证分析了数据资产信息披露对数字技术创新水平的作用影响。研究结果表明:首先,企业数据资产信息披露能够显著提升数字技术创新数量和质量水平,表明数据资产信息披露是推动企业数字技术创新的重要途径。其次,异质性分析显示,数据资产信息披露对制造业企业创新质量提升更显著,非制造业企业则集中体现在创新数量突破;自用型数据资产信息披露对数字创新质量和数量均存在显著正向影响,交易型数据资产信息披露影响不显著;技术密集型企业数据资产信息披露对数字技术创新质量提升更为突出。最后,中介效应检验结果显示,数据资产信息披露通过提升企业在技术交易网络中的中心度,进而显著促进数字技术创新数量和质量的提升;调节效应结果表明,知识产权保护对数字技术创新的数量指标存在正向调节影响,而对数字技术创新质量指标不显著。
基于以上结论,本文提出如下政策建议:
第一,健全企业数据资产战略管理与披露机制。应高度重视数据资产的战略价值,将数据资产纳入核心战略资源框架,建立涵盖数据采集、确权、治理、应用及价值评估的全生命周期管理体系,最大限度地盘活和挖掘数据资产价值。同时,应设立专门的数据资产管理部门负责数据资产的评估、管理和信息披露工作,及时、完整、准确披露数据资产信息,并重点突出数据资产的应用场景、价值转化路径及创新赋能效应,以激发内部创新潜力、增强市场信任和促进外部技术合作。
第二,完善政府数据资产信息制度供给与监管框架。应加强对上市公司数据资产信息披露的监管,逐步完善企业数据资源相关会计处理规定,积极引导企业自愿如实地披露高质有效的数据资产信息,对隐瞒或虚假披露行为纳入信用惩戒体系,形成数据资产信息“披露—收益”正向循环。同时,应加强数据资产管理的顶层设计,完善数据资产体系分类,健全数据资产管理制度体系,明确数据资产入表范围、计量方法及披露要求,构建全国统一的数据资产市场,进一步促进数据资产的合理利用和价值实现。
第三,强化数据资产知识产权“快保护”机制。应加快建立数据产权登记、流转与侵权追责机制,畅通数字技术专利审查绿色通道,强化算法、数据集等新型知识产权保护范围,严厉打击数据窃取、算法抄袭等侵权行为。同时,应设立数据资产管理师等职业资格认证体系,加强企业数据资产管理与技术转化能力培训,以良好的知识产权保护制度环境激励企业数据资产披露,护航数字创新技术提升。
  • 国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA061)
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2026年第44卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2025-05-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-15
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18
  • 修回日期:2025-06-25
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA061)
作者信息
    1 清华大学经济管理学院, 北京 100084
    2 广东省社会科学院经济研究所, 广东广州 510635

通讯作者:

孙小哲(1995-),男,助理研究员,博士,E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/1317436152886444874
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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